Hokuto No Ken
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is a Japanese manga series written by
Buronson , known by the pen names and , is a Japanese manga writer. Making his debut in 1972, he first found success with the hardboiled detective manga series ''Doberman Deka'' (1975–1979) alongside illustrator Shinji Hiramatsu. He is best-known for ...
and illustrated by
Tetsuo Hara is a Japanese manga artist. He is best-known for creating the post-apocalyptic martial arts series ''Fist of the North Star'' (1983–1988) with writer Buronson, which is one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies ...
. It was serialized in
Shueisha (lit. "Gathering of Intellect Publishing Co., Ltd.") is a Japanese company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1925 as the entertainment-related publishing division of Japanese publisher Shogakukan. The foll ...
's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''
Weekly Shōnen Jump is a weekly ''shōnen'' manga anthology published in Japan by Shueisha under the ''Jump'' line of magazines. The manga series within the magazine consist of many action scenes and a fair amount of comedy. The chapters of the series that run ...
'' for 245 issues published from 1983 to 1988 and initially collected in 27 ''
tankōbon is the Japanese term for a book that is not part of an anthology or corpus. In modern Japanese, the term is most often used in reference to individual volumes of a manga series: most series first appear as individual chapters in a weekly or ...
'' volumes under the Jump Comics imprint. Set on a
post-apocalyptic Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction is a subgenre of speculative fiction in which the Earth's (or another planet's) civilization is collapsing or has collapsed. The apocalypse event may be climatic, such as runaway climate change; ast ...
Earth after a nuclear war, the story centers on a warrior named
Kenshiro is a fictional character and the protagonist of the ''Fist of the North Star'' manga series created by Tetsuo Hara and Buronson. According to Hara and Buronson, Kenshiro's character design was primarily based on the martial artist and actor ...
, the successor of a deadly
martial art Martial arts are codified systems and traditions of combat practiced for a number of reasons such as self-defense; military and law enforcement applications; competition; physical, mental, and spiritual development; entertainment; and the preserv ...
known as ''Hokuto Shinken'', which gives him the ability to kill his opponents by striking their secret vital points, which often results in an exceptionally violent and gory death. Kenshiro dedicates his life to fighting against the various gangs, bandits, and warlords who threaten the lives of the defenseless and innocent, as well as rival martial artists, including his own "brothers" from the same school. ''Fist of the North Star'' was adapted into two
anime is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside of Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japanese, (a term derived from a shortening of ...
television series produced by
Toei Animation () is a Japanese animation studio primarily controlled by its namesake Toei Company. It has produced numerous series, including ''Sally the Witch,'' '' GeGeGe no Kitarō,'' '' Mazinger Z'', '' Galaxy Express 999'', '' Cutie Honey'', '' Dr. Slu ...
, which together aired on
Fuji TV JOCX-DTV (channel 8), branded as and colloquially known as CX, is a Japanese television station based in Odaiba, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Owned and operated by the it is the key station of the Fuji News Network (FNN) and the Fuji Network S ...
and its affiliates from 1984 through 1988, comprising a combined total of 152 episodes. It has since expanded into a media franchise, including several anime films, a live-action film, OVAs,
video game Video games, also known as computer games, are electronic games that involves interaction with a user interface or input device such as a joystick, controller, keyboard, or motion sensing device to generate visual feedback. This fee ...
s, and a series of
spin-offs Spin-off may refer to: *Spin-off (media), a media work derived from an existing work *Corporate spin-off, a type of corporate action that forms a new company or entity * Government spin-off, civilian goods which are the result of military or gov ...
centering on other characters from the original story. It also has a number of video games and
pachinko is a mechanical game originating in Japan that is used as an arcade game, and much more frequently for gambling. Pachinko fills a niche in Japanese gambling comparable to that of the slot machine in the West as a form of low-stakes, low-st ...
machines produced by Sega Sammy. English adaptations of the manga were published by
Viz Communications VIZ Media LLC is an American manga publisher, anime distributor and entertainment company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1986 as VIZ LLC. In 2005, VIZ LLC and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current VIZ M ...
as a monthly comic book, and later by Gutsoon! Entertainment as a series of colorized graphic novels, although neither translation was completed. In October 2020, Viz Media announced that they will publish the title as a series hardcover editions starting in summer 2021. English adaptations of other ''Fist of the North Star'' media have been licensed to other companies, including the TV series and the 1986 film. As of 2018, ''Fist of the North Star'' is among the highest-grossing media franchises of all time. The manga has sold over 100 million copies, making it one of the best-selling manga series in history. The series is considered one of the most influential ''shōnen'' manga series of all time.


Plot

A worldwide nuclear war sometime in the 1990s has resulted in the destruction of most of civilization, turning the world into a desert wasteland. The remnants of mankind fight over whatever supply of food and uncontaminated water still remaining as the strong prey on the weak.
Kenshiro is a fictional character and the protagonist of the ''Fist of the North Star'' manga series created by Tetsuo Hara and Buronson. According to Hara and Buronson, Kenshiro's character design was primarily based on the martial artist and actor ...
is the successor to ''Hokuto Shinken'', an ancient martial art of assassination that trains its practitioners to kill from within an opponent's body through the use of hidden meridian points. Kenshiro wishes to live his life in peace, but after he is separated from his fiancée Yuria by a jealous rival, he begins his journey to become the savior of the post-apocalyptic world, defending the weak and innocent from the many gangs and organizations that threaten their survival. Along the way, Kenshiro meets a young thief named Bat and an orphaned girl named Lin, who join him as his traveling companions and bear witnesses to Ken's many battles. Kenshiro's many rivals and allies include the six grandmasters of ''Nanto Seiken'', a rival assassin's art that ended splitting into two factions after the nuclear war, as well as his own "Brothers of Hokuto" who trained alongside him for the succession of ''Hokuto Shinken''. Kenshiro's ultimate nemesis ends up becoming his eldest brother-in-training
Raoh is a fictional character in the ''Fist of the North Star'' manga franchise by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara. He is the eldest of four honorary brothers (including the protagonist Kenshiro) who trained in the ancient assassination art of Hokuto Shin ...
, a warrior who broke the law of ''Hokuto Shinken'' by killing his master Ryuken and refusing to surrender the succession to Kenshiro. Raoh seeks to conquer the post-apocalyptic world as a warlord under the mantle of ''Ken-oh'', the King of the Fist, by challenging every martial artist he sees as a threat. After a long series of battles, Kenshiro emerges victorious over Raoh and it seems peace has finally come to the post-apocalyptic world, concluding the first half of the story. The second half begins several years later after a tyrannical empire under the name of the Celestial Empress has risen to power, oppressing anyone who dares to oppose them. Kenshiro comes into action, joining the now-grown Bat and Lin under the banner of the Hokuto Army. As they fight their way into the Empire's capital city, they discover that the Empire has been taken over by the Viceroy Jakoh, a usurper who is keeping the real Celestial Empress captive in his dungeon. The Hokuto Army free the Empress and Jakoh is shortly vanquished afterward. However, Lin is taken captive by the remnant of Jakoh's forces and is sent off to the mysterious Kingdom of Shura, a brutal land of warriors ruled by three overlords who have all mastered the ways of ''Hokuto Ryūken'', a martial art which branched off from the same clan alongside ''Hokuto Shinken'' into the ways of darkness. Kaioh, the head of the three overlords, plans to conquer the post-apocalyptic world in the name of evil by wiping out the followers of ''Hokuto Shinken''. Kenshiro uncovers the sealed testament of the ''Hokuto Shinken'' founder, Shuken, which holds the secret to overcoming Kaioh's ultimate technique. Kenshiro emerges victorious over Kaioh and rescues Lin, leaving her under Bat's care. During the final chapters, Kenshiro goes on a journey with Raoh's orphaned son Ryu, in order to lead him on the path to become the next ''Hokuto Shinken'' successor, encountering and battling various opponents along the way, before returning to Bat and Lin to protect them from a past enemy.


Production

Tetsuo Hara is a Japanese manga artist. He is best-known for creating the post-apocalyptic martial arts series ''Fist of the North Star'' (1983–1988) with writer Buronson, which is one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies ...
was a fan of Chinese martial artist and actor Bruce Lee as well as action manga and the Japanese
action film Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist is thrust into a series of events that typically involve violence and physical feats. The genre tends to feature a mostly resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds, which include l ...
actor
Yūsaku Matsuda was a Japanese actor. In Japan, he was best known for roles in action films and a variety of television series in the 1970s as well as a switch to a wider range of roles in the 1980s. His final film appearance was as the villain Sato in Ridley ...
as a teenager in the 1970s. As he did not have a
videocassette recorder A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other source on a removable, magnetic tape videocassette, and can play back the reco ...
at the time, he often drew manga versions of Lee and Matsuda from memory. Hara later came up with the idea of ''Fist of the North Star'' after being contacted by his editor Nobuhiko Horie, who asked him, "You want to write a manga about
Chinese martial arts Chinese martial arts, often called by the umbrella terms kung fu (; ), kuoshu () or wushu (), are multiple fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in Greater China. These fighting styles are often classified according to common ...
, right?" According to Hara, Horie suggested to him that he should draw a manga about "a martial artist who destroys his opponents by striking their
acupressure Acupressure is an alternative medicine technique often used in conjunction with acupuncture or reflexology. It is based on the concept of life energy, which flows through "meridians" in the body. In treatment, physical pressure is applied to acu ...
points" based on Hara's aspiration to draw a manga about martial arts and his knowledge of pressure points. At the time, Hara was having trouble breaking into the market, as his first serial, ''The Iron Don Quijote'' (a manga about motocross racing), was canceled ten weeks after its debut. For the new manga, Hara combined the appearance and character traits of Bruce Lee and Yūsaku Matsuda to create the protagonist, Kenshiro. He was also inspired by the ''
Ultraman ''Ultraman'', also known as the , is the collective name for all media produced by Tsuburaya Productions featuring Ultraman, his many brethren, and the myriad monsters. Debuting with ''Ultra Q'' and then ''Ultraman'' in 1966, the series is one ...
'' and ''
Tiger Mask is a Japanese manga series written by Ikki Kajiwara and illustrated by Naoki Tsuji. The series was first published in Kodansha's ''Bokura Magazine'' from 1968 to 1970 and was later published in ''Weekly Shōnen Magazine'' from 1970 to ...
'' series to create interesting enemy designs. A prototype version of ''Fist of the North Star'' was published as a one shot story in the April 1983 issue of ''Fresh Jump'', which was followed by ''Fist of the North Star II'', a second one-shot published in the June 1983 issue. Both stories were originally collected in the second ''
tankōbon is the Japanese term for a book that is not part of an anthology or corpus. In modern Japanese, the term is most often used in reference to individual volumes of a manga series: most series first appear as individual chapters in a weekly or ...
'' volume of ''The Iron Don Quijote'', Hara's prior serial (although the expanded 1995 editions moves the first part of the ''Fist of the North Star'' pilot to the first volume, leaving the second volume with just the second pilot). The two one-shots were well received in the reader's surveys of ''Fresh Jump'' and Tetsuo Hara was commissioned to turn ''Fist of the North Star'' into a weekly series.
Buronson , known by the pen names and , is a Japanese manga writer. Making his debut in 1972, he first found success with the hardboiled detective manga series ''Doberman Deka'' (1975–1979) alongside illustrator Shinji Hiramatsu. He is best-known for ...
was assigned to work with him as a writer for the serialized version. The storyline was revamped, with the 1980s present-day setting in the original version replaced by a post-apocalyptic future world, and the protagonist Kenshiro, originally a teenager framed for a crime he did not commit in Hara's prototype story, became an older and more stoic hero with a tragic past. For the new setting, Hara drew inspiration from the post-apocalyptic film ''
Mad Max 2 ''Mad Max 2'' (released as ''The Road Warrior'' in the United States) is a 1981 Australian post-apocalyptic action film directed by George Miller. It is the second installment in the ''Mad Max'' franchise, with Mel Gibson reprising his role a ...
'' (1981), the
cyberpunk Cyberpunk is a subgenre of science fiction in a dystopian futuristic setting that tends to focus on a "combination of lowlife and high tech", featuring futuristic technological and scientific achievements, such as artificial intelligence and c ...
film ''
Blade Runner ''Blade Runner'' is a 1982 science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, and written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples. Starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, and Edward James Olmos, it is an adaptation of Philip K. Dick' ...
'' (1982), Katsuhiro Otomo's post-apocalyptic Japanese cyberpunk manga '' Akira'' (1982), and the illustrations of artists Syd Mead and
Frank Frazetta Frank Frazetta (born Frank Frazzetta ; February 9, 1928 – May 10, 2010) was an American fantasy and science fiction artist, noted for comic books, paperback book covers, paintings, posters, LP record album covers, and other media. He i ...
. Buronson cited Bruce Lee and ''
Mad Max ''Mad Max'' is an Australian post-apocalyptic action film series and media franchise created by George Miller and Byron Kennedy. It began in 1979 with '' Mad Max'', and was followed by three sequels: ''Mad Max 2'' (1981, released in the Unite ...
'' as his two biggest influences on ''Fist of the North Star''. He stated that Kenshiro and the martial arts were inspired by the martial artist Bruce Lee and his 1970s Hong Kong action
kung fu films Kung fu film () is a subgenre of martial arts films and Hong Kong action cinema set in the contemporary period and featuring realistic martial arts. It lacks the fantasy elements seen in ''wuxia'', a related martial arts genre that uses historical ...
, while the post-apocalyptic setting was inspired by the ''Mad Max'' film series (1979 debut). ''Fist of the North Star'' was also influenced by
Go Nagai , better known by the pen name , is a Japanese manga artist and a prolific author of science fiction, fantasy, horror and erotica. He made his professional debut in 1967 with ''Meakashi Polikichi'', but is best known for creating popular 1970s ...
's manga series ''
Violence Jack is a Japanese manga, co-written and co-illustrated by Go Nagai since 1973, all the way to 2008. It has had several serializations and one-shot stories which have run in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. Most of the stories have bee ...
'' (1973 debut), which similarly had a post-apocalyptic desert wasteland setting with biker gangs, anarchic violence, ruined buildings, innocent civilians, tribal chiefs and small abandoned villages; it has been argued that ''Mad Max'' may have also been influenced by ''Violence Jack''. Originally, Hara and Buronson were contracted to do ''Fist of the North Star'' for a three-year run, but due to its popularity and the publisher's demand, it was extended to a five-year run.


Media


Manga

''Fist of the North Star'', written by
Buronson , known by the pen names and , is a Japanese manga writer. Making his debut in 1972, he first found success with the hardboiled detective manga series ''Doberman Deka'' (1975–1979) alongside illustrator Shinji Hiramatsu. He is best-known for ...
and
Tetsuo Hara is a Japanese manga artist. He is best-known for creating the post-apocalyptic martial arts series ''Fist of the North Star'' (1983–1988) with writer Buronson, which is one of the best-selling manga in history with over 100 million copies ...
, premiered in
Shueisha (lit. "Gathering of Intellect Publishing Co., Ltd.") is a Japanese company headquartered in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. The company was established in 1925 as the entertainment-related publishing division of Japanese publisher Shogakukan. The foll ...
's ''
Weekly Shōnen Jump is a weekly ''shōnen'' manga anthology published in Japan by Shueisha under the ''Jump'' line of magazines. The manga series within the magazine consist of many action scenes and a fair amount of comedy. The chapters of the series that run ...
'' on September 13, 1983, and was serialized until August 8, 1988, lasting 245 issues. Its chapters were collected in twenty-seven ''
tankōbon is the Japanese term for a book that is not part of an anthology or corpus. In modern Japanese, the term is most often used in reference to individual volumes of a manga series: most series first appear as individual chapters in a weekly or ...
'' volumes, published under Shueisha's ''Jump Comics'' imprint. During the 1990s, Shueisha reprinted the series in a fifteen-volume hardcover ''aizōban'' edition from 1991 to 1992, as well as fifteen corresponding economy-sized ''bunko'' editions from 1997 to 1998. The ''Fist of the North Star'' copyrights would be transferred over to Coamix, a company founded in June 2000 by Nobuhiko Horie after he left Shueisha. A fourteen-volume ''Kanzenban'' edition was published by
Shogakukan is a Japanese publisher of dictionaries, literature, comics ( manga), non-fiction, DVDs, and other media in Japan. Shogakukan founded Shueisha, which also founded Hakusensha. These are three separate companies, but are together called the H ...
in 2006, under the ''Big Comics Selection'' imprint, featuring the original water-colored artwork from the ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' serialization, as well as almost all of the original opening pages that were omitted in earlier editions, although it lacked the added artwork featured in previous collected editions that were drawn to replace ad spaces. To celebrate the series' 30th anniversary, Tokuma Shoten re-published the series in an "Ultimate Edition", comprising eighteen volumes that were published from September 20, 2013 to July 19, 2014. This edition features new cover illustrations by Hara and include an additional chapter in the 11th volume (see below).


English translations

In 1989,
Viz Communications VIZ Media LLC is an American manga publisher, anime distributor and entertainment company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It was founded in 1986 as VIZ LLC. In 2005, VIZ LLC and ShoPro Entertainment merged to form the current VIZ M ...
published the first sixteen chapters of ''Fist of the North Star'' in English as an eight-issue monthly comic. These were later reprinted in a single graphic novel collection in 1995. During the same year, Viz resumed publication of the series as a monthly comic until 1997, lasting eighteen issues (adapting chapters 17–44), divided into three parts. This second run was subsequently republished in three additional graphic novel volumes titled ''Night of the Jackal'', ''Southern Cross'' and ''Blood Brothers''. Viz's version featured mirrored artwork with translated sound effects and other retouched details. In 2002, a second English adaptation was published by Gutsoon! Entertainment under the title of ''Fist of the North Star: Master Edition'', which retained the original right-to-left orientation but featured digitally colored artwork. Each volume from the fourth one and onward featured new cover illustrations by Hara that were made specifically for the ''Master Edition''. The ''Master Edition'' ceased publication only a year after its start in 2003, lasting only nine volumes due to Gutsoon!'s withdrawal from the North American market. These colorized editions were translated back to the Japanese market, but only four volumes were published. In 2020, Viz Media announced a print and digital publication of the manga in hardcover editions, adapted from the 2013 ultimate editions. The first volume was released on June 15, 2021.


Follow-ups and spinoffs

''
Fist of the Blue Sky is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Tetsuo Hara, with plot supervision by Buronson. It was serialized in '' Weekly Comic Bunch'' from 2001 to 2010, with the chapters collected into 22 ''tankōbon'' volumes by Shinchosha ...
'' (''Sōten no Ken''), a prequel to ''Fist of the North Star'' written by Nobuhiko Horie and drawn by Hara with supervision by Buronson, began publication in the premiere issue of ''
Weekly Comic Bunch is a Japanese manga anthology marketed to a ''seinen'' audience that was edited by Coamix and published weekly by Shinchosha from 2001 throughout 2010 and became monthly since 2011. The collected editions of their titles are published under th ...
'' (dated May 29, 2001), a manga anthology published by
Shinchosha is a publisher founded in 1896 in Japan and headquartered in Yaraichō, Shinjuku, Tokyo. Shinchosha is one of the sponsors of the Japan Fantasy Novel Award. Books * Haruki Murakami: '' Hard-Boiled Wonderland and the End of the World'' (19 ...
and edited by Coamix. The title ran during the entirety of the magazine's run, initially as a regular feature and later as a semi-regular, until it ceased publication with issue #445 (dated September 10, 2010). During this period various ''Fist of the North Star'' spinoffs by different authors were also serialized in the magazine (see ''
Hokuto Gaiden is a series of spin-off works by various authors based on the ''Hokuto no Ken'' (''Fist of the North Star'') manga by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara. They were all published in ''Weekly Comic Bunch'' between 2006 and 2010, with the exception of ...
''), each focusing on a different character from the original manga. The first of these, ''
Ten no Haoh is a manga series by Youkow Osada that was serialized in the ''Weekly Comic Bunch'' from 2006 to 2007. It is a spinoff of the manga series ''Fist of the North Star'' by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara. The story centers on the ''Fist of the North St ...
'' by Yowkow Osada, began publication in ''Comic Bunch'' #231 (cover dated March 24, 2006). It was followed by ''Sōkoku no Garō'' by Yasuyuki Nekoi on ''Comic Bunch'' #286 (May 11–18, 2007), ''Shirogane no Seija'' by Yuka Nagate on ''Comic Bunch'' #301 (September 7, 2007), ''Gokuaku no Hana'' by Sin-ichi Hiromoto on ''Comic Bunch'' #366 (January 16–21, 2009) and ''Hōkō no Kumo'' by Missile Kakurai on ''Comic Bunch'' #414 (January 22, 2010). ''Jibo no Hoshi'' by Akimi Kasai, a spinoff focused on Yuria was also published as a limited series on ''
Big Comic Superior is a semimonthly seinen manga magazine published since July 1, 1987 by Shogakukan in Japan. Its target audience is somewhere between the audience for ''Big Comic Original'' and ''Big Comic Spirits''. The magazine has published works by a numb ...
'' for three issues in 2006, with a second run that lasted six issues in 2007. In 2014, Buronson and Hara reunited to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the manga by producing a special two-part story for Coamix's subsequent manga anthology '' Monthly Comic Zenon''. Titled ''Hokuto no Ken: Last Piece'', it is set during the timeline gap between Chapters 136 and 137 of the original manga and focuses on Kokuoh, Raoh's former steed who ends up becoming Kenshiro's. The first part was published in the May 2014 issue of ''Comic Zenon'', and the second part in the following issue. It was later included as an extra chapter in Vol. 11 of the Ultimate Edition of the original manga. Other ''Hokuto no Ken'' titles published on ''Comic Zenon'' include ''
DD Hokuto no Ken is a manga series written and illustrated by Kajio. It is an adaptation of Buronson and Tetsuo Hara's ''Fist of the North Star'' in a Chibi (slang), chibi art style. Plot The story takes place in an alternative world in which the nuclear war ...
'' by Kajio, which started on the magazine's premiere issue (dated December 2010), ''Kin'yoku no Garuda'', a side-story which started on ''Comic Zenon'' #29 (April 2013) and the currently ongoing ''Sōten no Ken: Regenesis'', a sequel to the original ''Sōten no Ken'' manga drawn by Hideki Tsuji and written by Hiroyuki Yatsu which began serialization in ''Comic Zenon'' #85 (December 2017). '' Hokuto no Ken: Ichigo Aji'' written by Yūshi Kawata and illustrated by Yukito the Younger, began serialization in 2013 on Coamix's online manga anthology ''Web Comic Zenyon''.


Dedicated e-reader

In 2018, a dedicated
e-reader An e-reader, also called an e-book reader or e-book device, is a mobile electronic device that is designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals. Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an e-read ...
was sold which shipped with 18 volumes of ''Fist of the North Star'', without the option of loading anything else on to it. It has two screens that fold out like a book and sold for ¥30,000 in Japan. The read-only device is called an eOneBook and is powered by removable AAA batteries.


Anime


TV series

''Fist of the North Star'' was first adapted into an
anime is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. Outside of Japan and in English, ''anime'' refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japanese, (a term derived from a shortening of ...
television series by
Toei Animation () is a Japanese animation studio primarily controlled by its namesake Toei Company. It has produced numerous series, including ''Sally the Witch,'' '' GeGeGe no Kitarō,'' '' Mazinger Z'', '' Galaxy Express 999'', '' Cutie Honey'', '' Dr. Slu ...
. It aired on
Fuji Television JOCX-DTV (channel 8), branded as and colloquially known as CX, is a Japanese television station based in Odaiba, Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Owned and operated by the it is the key station of the Fuji News Network (FNN) and the Fuji Network S ...
from October 11, 1984, to March 5, 1987, lasting 109 episodes. It was immediately followed by a sequel series, titled ''Fist of the North Star 2'', which aired from March 13, 1987 to February 18, 1988, lasting for 43 additional episodes (a combined total of 152 episodes between both series). The full series was never released on VHS in Japan, although three-hour-long compilation movies were produced by Toei Video covering the first, second and fourth story arcs in that order. On July 24, 2002, Universal Music released a Region 2
DVD The DVD (common abbreviation for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released on November 1, 1996, in Japan. The medium can store any kind ...
box set containing all 152 episodes spread across 26 discs. These discs were later released as individual volumes from May 21, 2003 through January 21, 2004. Three "
best of A greatest hits album or best-of album is a type of compilation album that collects popular and commercially successful songs by a particular artist or band. While greatest hits albums are typically supported by the artist, they can also be creat ...
" DVD compilations were also released in 2005, each featuring seven key episodes from the series. On March 28, 2008, Avex released a 25th-anniversary edition box set featuring new video transfers of all 152 episodes remastered in high definition, once again spread across 26 discs. This set also features two additional discs of bonus content (including the aforementioned compilation movies). This show aired with English subtitles on
Nippon Golden Network Nippon Golden Network (ニッポンゴールデンネットワーク, abbreviated NGN) is a cable television network broadcasting Japanese programs in Hawaii, United States. It is viewable in 4 islands in Hawaii (Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Hawaii) and Cali ...
in the late 1980s. The first 36 episodes of the first series were translated and dubbed by
Manga Entertainment Manga Entertainment was a producer, licensee, and distributor of anime in the United States and the United Kingdom. Originally founded in the UK in 1987, the UK branch became Funimation UK and Ireland in 2021, also currently known as Crunchyr ...
in 1999, although only 24 episodes were released on VHS (spread across eight tapes). All 36 episodes of the dub version were aired on Showtime Beyond in the United States and on
Sci-Fi Channel Syfy (formerly Sci-Fi Channel, later shortened to Sci Fi; stylized as SYFY) is an American basic cable channel owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming division of Comcast's NBCUniversal through NBCUniversal Cable Entertainment. ...
in the United Kingdom, and were later released on DVD in 2003 (spread across six individual volumes). In 2008, the US subsidiary of
Toei Animation () is a Japanese animation studio primarily controlled by its namesake Toei Company. It has produced numerous series, including ''Sally the Witch,'' '' GeGeGe no Kitarō,'' '' Mazinger Z'', '' Galaxy Express 999'', '' Cutie Honey'', '' Dr. Slu ...
produced an official subtitle-only translation of all 152 episodes, which were released on various
paid download Digital distribution, also referred to as content delivery, online distribution, or electronic software distribution, among others, is the delivery or distribution of digital media content such as audio, video, e-books, video games, and other ...
and streaming websites available only for North American customers.
Discotek Media Discotek Media is an American entertainment company based in Altamonte Springs, Florida, focused on distribution and licensing Japanese anime, films, and television series. Formed in 2005, Discotek primarily focuses on licensing retro titles fr ...
announced on October 2, 2009 that they have licensed the entire ''Fist of the North Star'' TV series. The first two boxsets were released in that year, and the latter two in 2011. The episodes use the same transfers from the 2008 DVD box set in Japan, although it did not contain any of the special features. The first set featured the first 36 episodes along with Manga Entertainment's English dub, and a Japanese audio option with English subtitles; these subtitles were adjusted from the translation of Toei's streaming episodes. Discotek later released all discs from all four boxsets (a total of 21 discs) together in one set, ''Fist of the North Star: The Series - The Complete Series Collection'', on March 25, 2014. Discotek released the complete series as a standard definition Blu-ray set on October 31, 2017. In 2009,
William Winckler William Winckler (born October 3, 1964 in California) is an American actor and independent filmmaker best known for writing, producing and directing cult movies, horror films and English dubbed animation. He is the son of child actor Robert ...
Productions produced six compilation movies voiced in English. The movies cover major story arcs from the TV series, each one centering on a specific character (Shin, Rei, Toki, Souzer, Raoh, and Kaioh). These compilation movies had not been officially released in North America and Europe yet but were distributed to video streaming websites in Japan in 2012.


Films and OVAs

The first animated
feature film A feature film or feature-length film is a narrative film (motion picture or "movie") with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole presentation in a commercial entertainment program. The term ''feature film'' originall ...
based on the series, simply titled ''
Fist of the North Star is a Japanese manga series written by Buronson and illustrated by Tetsuo Hara. It was serialized in Shueisha's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' for 245 issues published from 1983 to 1988 and initially collected in 27 ' ...
'', was produced by
Toei Animation () is a Japanese animation studio primarily controlled by its namesake Toei Company. It has produced numerous series, including ''Sally the Witch,'' '' GeGeGe no Kitarō,'' '' Mazinger Z'', '' Galaxy Express 999'', '' Cutie Honey'', '' Dr. Slu ...
, which premiered in Japan on March 8, 1986. Produced by the same staff and cast who worked on the TV series, the movie adapts the storyline of the manga from the beginning and up to Kenshiro's first fight with Raoh, taking several liberties with the order of events and how the story unfolds. An English-dubbed version produced by Streamline Pictures was first released in 1991 in North America and in 1994 in Europe and Australia by
Manga Entertainment Manga Entertainment was a producer, licensee, and distributor of anime in the United States and the United Kingdom. Originally founded in the UK in 1987, the UK branch became Funimation UK and Ireland in 2021, also currently known as Crunchyr ...
. In 2003, a three-episode original video animation (OVA) mini-series titled ''
New Fist of the North Star is a three-episode original video animation (OVA) series based on the ''Fist of the North Star'' franchise, directed by Takashi Watanabe and produced by OB Planning. The story was adapted from , a 1996 ''Hokuto no Ken'' novel written by Buron ...
'' was produced by OB Planning, based on a 1996 ''Fist of the North Star'' novel, ''Jubaku no Machi''. An English dub version was produced by ADV Films in 2004. In 2005, North Stars Pictures and
TMS Entertainment , formerly known as the , also known as or , is a Japanese animation studio established on October 22, 1946. TMS is one of the oldest and most famous anime studios in Japan, best known for numerous anime franchises such as '' Lupin the Third' ...
announced the development of a five-part
film series A film series or movie series (also referred to as a film franchise or movie franchise) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe, or are marketed as a series. This article explains what film series are ...
titled '' Fist of the North Star: The Legends of the True Savior''. The series is composed of three theatrical films and two OVAs, which were released during a three-year period between 2006 throughout 2008, culminating with the 25th anniversary of the franchise. At the Japanese box office, ''
Fist of the North Star is a Japanese manga series written by Buronson and illustrated by Tetsuo Hara. It was serialized in Shueisha's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' for 245 issues published from 1983 to 1988 and initially collected in 27 ' ...
'' (1986) grossed and '' Legend of Raoh: Chapter of Death in Love'' (2006) grossed , for a combined (). ''Chapter of Death in Love'' also grossed $1,258,568 overseas, and '' Legend of Raoh: Chapter of Fierce Fight'' (2007) grossed $1,479,911 in Japan, bringing the films' total worldwide box office gross to .


Novels

An original novel was written by Buronson and Tetsuo Hara titled ''Shōsetsu Hokuto no Ken: Jubaku no Machi'' which was published by Jump Novel in Japan on December 13, 1996. The novel was the basis of the later three-episode OVA series ''New Fist of the North Star''. A novelization of the movie ''Legend of Raoh: Chapter of Love in Death'' written by Eiichi Sakaki was published by Tokuma Novels on March 10, 2006. There have also been two
cell phone novel A cell phone novel, or , were literary works originally written on a cellular phone via text messaging. This type of literature originated in Japan, where it became a popular literary genre. However, its popularity also spread to other countrie ...
s released via the mobile site ''Hokuto no Ken DX''. ''Raoh Gaiden'', a novelization of the manga of the same name, and ''Kenshiro Gaiden'', an original novel by Jotaro Higashi.


Live-action film

An American-produced live-action movie version of ''Fist of the North Star'' was released in 1995, directed by
Tony Randel Tony Randel (born May 29, 1956) is an American film director and screenwriter. Film career In 1985, Randel (credited as Anthony Randel) produced the New World Pictures rework of the Japanese ''The Return of Godzilla'' into the English film '' G ...
based on a script by Peter Atkins and Wynne McLaughlin. The movie, loosely based on the Shin storyline of the manga, stars
Gary Daniels Gary Edward Daniels (born 9 May 1963) is an English actor, producer, martial artist, fight coordinator and former world light heavyweight kickboxing champion. Born and raised in London, England, Daniels started to take martial arts lessons at th ...
as Kenshiro, Costas Mandylor as Shin and Japanese actress
Isako Washio is a Japanese actress. She won the award for Best Actress at the 15th Yokohama Film Festival for ''Bloom in the Moonlight is a 1993 Japanese biographical drama film directed by Shinichiro Sawai about the life of pianist Rentarō Taki. Cast * ...
as Yuria, with
Malcolm McDowell Malcolm McDowell (born Malcolm John Taylor; 13 June 1943) is a British actor, producer, and television presenter. He is best known for portraying Alex DeLarge in ''A Clockwork Orange.'' He was born in the Horsforth suburb of Leeds and raised i ...
as Ryuken and
Chris Penn Christopher Shannon Penn (October 10, 1965 – January 24, 2006) was an American actor. He was the brother of actor Sean Penn and musician Michael Penn. Noted as a skilled character actor from a prominent acting dynasty, he was typically cast a ...
as "Jackal" (actually a renamed Jagi). It also featured a cameo by professional wrestler Big Van Vader as Goliath, and
Kevin Arbouet Kevin Daniel Arbouet is an American director, writer and producer. He was born May 29, 1977 in Brooklyn, New York. He and his partner Larry Strong directed the viral video '' I Got a Crush... on Obama''. Filmography * 2022 : Showrunner, Tru ...
as "Rao" (unrelated to the actual Raoh from the manga). The movie was released
straight-to-video Direct-to-video or straight-to-video refers to the release of a film, TV series, short or special to the public immediately on home video formats rather than an initial theatrical release or television premiere. This distribution strategy was ...
in the United States and Japan (though it did receive a premiere on HBO). The Japanese dubbed version used the original voice actors from the 1980s anime series.


Stage musical

A stage musical adaptation of ''Fist of the North Star'' premiered at
Nissay Theatre The is a theatre in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. It is located in the Nissay Hibiya Building, designed by the architect Togo Murano. It was completed in 1963 and opened with a performance by the Deutsche Oper Berlin. Since then it has been used to sta ...
in December 2021, with tours across Japan in 2022 and China in 2023. It is a co-production of
Horipro is a large Japanese talent agency. History It was founded in 1960 as Hori Productions (ホリプロダクション ''Hori Purodakushon'') and changed to its present name in 1990. Horipro has two locations in the United States: Nashville and ...
,
Hakuhodo DY Music & Pictures , until October 1, 2015 , is a Japanese production company and distributor of films and series. Works *''CB Chara Go Nagai World'' (1990) *'' Burn Up'' (1991) *'' Giant Robo: The Day the Earth Stood Still'' (1992) **''GinRei Specials'' (1994 ...
, and Shanghai-based theatre performance firm Ranspace, in collaboration with Coamix. The musical is directed by Sachiko Ishimaru, with script and lyrics by Ako Takahashi, music by
Frank Wildhorn Frank Wildhorn (born November 29, 1958) is an American composer of both musicals and popular songs. His musical ''Jekyll & Hyde'' ran for four years on Broadway. He also wrote the #1 International hit song "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" for Whitne ...
, and choreography by Jasmine Chiu. It features Yūsuke Ōnuki as Kenshiro,
Ayaka Hirahara is a Japanese pop singer. She was affiliated with the Dreamusic label until 2013 when she moved to Universal Music Japan. Biography Hirahara comes from a musical family; her father, Makoto Hirahara, is a saxophone player, her grandfather, T ...
and
May'n , better known by her stage name , is a Japanese singer from Nagoya. Aspiring to become a musician since childhood, she began her music activities in 2003 upon passing an audition held by talent agency Horipro International. She made her major de ...
as Yuria, Takuya Uehara and Kandai Ueda as Shin, Kazuki Katō, Ryūnosuke Onoda, and Ryōsei Konishi as Toki, Shōichi Fukui and Masaru Nagai as Raoh, Tatsuya Kawaguchi and Hiroaki Miyakawa as Ryuken, Rena Yamazaki and Manaka Kuwabara as Rin, Ao Watanabe as Bat, Ryōsuke Miura as Rei, Kanata Irei and Rio Uehara alternating as Rei and Juza, and Miisha Shimizu as Mamiya.


Video games

Numerous video game titles based on the ''Fist of the North Star'' have been produced since the 1986 release of the
Enix was a Japanese video game publisher that produced video games, anime and manga. Enix is known for publishing the ''Dragon Quest'' series of role-playing video games. The company was founded by Yasuhiro Fukushima on September 22, 1975, as . Th ...
adventure game, simply titled ''Hokuto no Ken'' for the
PC-88 The , commonly shortened to PC-88, are a brand of Zilog Z80-based 8-bit home computers released by Nippon Electric Company (NEC) in 1981 and primarily sold in Japan. The PC-8800 series sold extremely well and became one of the three major Japane ...
. The earlier games in the franchise were released by Sega for the Mark III and
Mega Drive The Sega Genesis, known as the outside North America, is a 16-bit fourth generation home video game console developed and sold by Sega. It was Sega's third console and the successor to the Master System. Sega released it in 1988 in Japan a ...
and by
Toei Animation () is a Japanese animation studio primarily controlled by its namesake Toei Company. It has produced numerous series, including ''Sally the Witch,'' '' GeGeGe no Kitarō,'' '' Mazinger Z'', '' Galaxy Express 999'', '' Cutie Honey'', '' Dr. Slu ...
for Nintendo's
Famicom The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit Third generation of video game consoles, third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan in 1983 as the commonly known as the The NES, a redes ...
,
Game Boy The is an 8-bit fourth generation handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan on April 21, 1989, in North America later the same year, and in Europe in late 1990. It was designed by the same t ...
and
Super Famicom The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES), commonly shortened to Super NES or Super Nintendo, is a Fourth generation of video game consoles, 16-bit home video game console developed by Nintendo that was released in 1990 in Japan and South ...
. These titles included side-scrolling action games, role-playing video games and competitive-style fighting games. The two Sega titles were stripped of the license and rebranded for the international market under the titles of '' Black Belt'' for the Master System and '' Last Battle'' for the Sega Genesis. Two Toei titles, namely ''
Fist of the North Star is a Japanese manga series written by Buronson and illustrated by Tetsuo Hara. It was serialized in Shueisha's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' for 245 issues published from 1983 to 1988 and initially collected in 27 ' ...
'' (a localized version of the Famicom's ''Hokuto no Ken 2'') for the
NES The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit third-generation home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan in 1983 as the commonly known as the The NES, a redesigned version, was released in American ...
released by Taxan Soft in 1989 and ''Fist of the North Star: 10 Big Brawls for the King of Universe'' for the Game Boy released by
Electro Brain Electro Brain was a North American video game publisher based in Salt Lake City, Utah that was active from 1990 to 1998. Games NES *'' Puss 'n Boots: Pero's Great Adventure'' (1990) *''Super Cars'' (1991) *'' Eliminator Boat Duel'' (1991) *'' Gho ...
in 1991, had American releases with the license intact. Further games were released for the Sega Saturn, PlayStation, PlayStation 2 and Nintendo DS, among other platforms. In 2000, Konami released an arcade game based on the franchise titled ''
Fighting Mania ''Fighting Mania: Fist of the North Star'', released in Japan as , is a boxing game based on the manga series ''Fist of the North Star'' released by Konami in 2000 as a coin-operated arcade game. Cabinet The arcade cabinet stands about 6'2" ta ...
''. Another arcade game, a 2D fighting game simply titled ''
Fist of the North Star is a Japanese manga series written by Buronson and illustrated by Tetsuo Hara. It was serialized in Shueisha's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' for 245 issues published from 1983 to 1988 and initially collected in 27 ' ...
'', was produced by Sega and
Arc System Works , commonly referred to as ArcSys, is a Japanese video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama. Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988, the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises, including ''Guilty Gear'' and ''BlazBlue'', a ...
in 2005. Both of these games saw international distributions, although the PS2 version of the fighting game was released exclusively in Japan.
Tecmo Koei is a Japanese video game, amusement and anime holding company created in 2009 by the merger of Koei and Tecmo. Koei Tecmo Holdings owns several companies, the biggest one of those being its flagship game developer and publisher Koei Tecmo Games ...
produced a ''
Dynasty Warriors is a series of Japanese hack and slash action video games created by Omega Force and Koei (now is Koei Tecmo). The series is a spin-off of Koei's turn-based strategy '' Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' series, based upon the Chinese novel of ...
'' spin-off focusing on the events from the first half of the manga, titled '' Fist of the North Star: Ken's Rage'', for the
PlayStation 3 The PlayStation 3 (PS3) is a home video game console developed by Sony Computer Entertainment. The successor to the PlayStation 2, it is part of the PlayStation brand of consoles. It was first released on November 11, 2006, in Japan, November ...
. It which was released in Japan, North America, and Europe in 2010. A sequel, '' Fist of the North Star: Ken's Rage 2'', expanded on the first game and incorporated the events from the second half of the manga. It was released in Japan in 2012 and in North America in 2013. Sega's new game, '' Fist of the North Star: Lost Paradise'' was released for the PlayStation 4 in 2018. It was developed by the team behind the ''
Yakuza , also known as , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. The Japanese police and media, by request of the police, call them , while the ''yakuza'' call themselves . The English equivalent for the ter ...
'' series, featuring similar gameplay and elements, though rather than adapting the story of the manga, it is an original story with no continuity with events in the manga, though it does feature characters from the manga, voiced by actors from the Yakuza series.


Reception and legacy

''Fist of the North Star'' was one of ''Weekly Shōnen Jumps most popular titles during the 1980s. It is one of the best-selling manga series in history, with over 100 million copies sold worldwide (over 60 million copies in circulation in Japan). In a poll conducted by
TV Asahi JOEX-DTV (channel 5), branded as (also known as EX and and stylized as TV asahi), is a television station that is owned and operated by the subsidiary of certified broadcasting holding company , itself controlled by The Asahi Shimbun Comp ...
in 2005, the ''Fist of the North Star'' anime series ranked 26 in a list of Top 100 Anime series. In a second poll in 2006, it ranked 89. In a celebrity version of the poll, it ranked 15. In November 2014, readers of ''
Da Vinci Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 14522 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on h ...
'' magazine voted ''Fist of the North Star'' number 8 on a list of ''Weekly Shōnen Jump''s greatest manga series of all time. On TV Asahi's Manga Sōsenkyo 2021 poll, in which 150,000 people voted for their top 100 manga series, ''Fist of the North Star'' ranked 22nd.


Impact

''Fist of the North Star'' is considered one of the most influential ''shōnen'' manga series of all time. ''
Geek.com Geek.com is a technology news weblog about hardware, mobile computing, technology, movies, TV, video games, comic books, and all manner of geek culture subjects. It was founded in 1996 and was run independently until 2007 when it was sold to N ...
'' called it "an epochal, generation-defining work that introduced madcap ultraviolence to the page and inspired tons of other '' mangaka''." '' Berserk'' creator Kentaro Miura named ''Fist of the North Star'' as the work that had the biggest impact on his own. '' Vinland Saga'' author
Makoto Yukimura is a Japanese manga artist. Biography Early life Yukimura considered himself a laidback child at school. His first manga was Akira Toriyama's '' Dr. Slump'' at 5 and was particularly impressed by the cover. He then watched the anime much to his ...
was first inspired to become a manga artist after reading the series as a boy. It also had an influence on video games.
Technōs Japan was a Japanese video game developer, best known for the ''Double Dragon'' and ''Kunio-kun'' franchises (the latter including ''Renegade'', '' Super Dodge Ball'' and '' River City Ransom'') as well as ''Karate Champ'', '' The Combatribes'' and ''V ...
game designer
Yoshihisa Kishimoto is a Japanese video game developer known primarily for his involvement with Technos Japan Corp. He is best known for his work on beat 'em up games, as the original creator of the ''Kunio-kun'' and ''Double Dragon'' game franchises, having worked ...
cited it as an influence on the setting and art style of arcade
beat 'em up The beat 'em up (also known as brawler and, in some markets, beat 'em all) is a video game genre featuring hand-to-hand combat against a large number of opponents. Traditional beat 'em ups take place in scrolling, two-dimensional (2D) levels, ...
game ''
Double Dragon is a beat 'em up video game series initially developed by Technōs Japan and released as an arcade game in 1987. The series features twin martial artists, Billy and Jimmy Lee, as they fight against various adversaries and rivals. The origina ...
'' (1987), which had a disaster-ridden city inspired by both ''Mad Max'' and ''Fist of the North Star''. It has also been credited with originating the fatality finishing move concept which later appeared in the '' Mortal Kombat'' series of
fighting games A fighting game, also known as a versus fighting game, is a video game genre, genre of video game that involves combat between two or more players. Fighting game combat often features mechanics such as Blocking (martial arts), blocking, grappli ...
.


Internet memes

In the 2010s,
Kenshiro is a fictional character and the protagonist of the ''Fist of the North Star'' manga series created by Tetsuo Hara and Buronson. According to Hara and Buronson, Kenshiro's character design was primarily based on the martial artist and actor ...
's catchphrase " Omae Wa Mou Shindeiru" ("You Are Already Dead") became one of the most popular anime-based
Internet memes An Internet meme, commonly known simply as a meme ( ), is an idea, behavior, style, or image that is spread via the Internet, often through social media platforms. What is considered a meme may vary across different communities on the Internet ...
. In September 2017, music producer deadman 死人 (Noah Ryan Murphy) released the song "Omae Wa Mou" which references the meme and samples the Japanese song "Tiny Little Adiantum" (2013) from the '' Touhou Project''
video game music Video game music (or VGM) is the soundtrack that accompanies video games. Early video game music was once limited to sounds of early sound chips, such as programmable sound generators (PSG) or FM synthesis chips. These limitations have led t ...
album ''Toho Bossa Nova 2''. The rapper Lil Boom produced his own version of the song called "Already Dead" three months later. In 2019, "Omae Wa Mou" went viral on
TikTok TikTok, known in China as Douyin (), is a short-form video hosting service owned by the Chinese company ByteDance. It hosts user-submitted videos, which can range in duration from 15 seconds to 10 minutes. TikTok is an international version o ...
and topped
Spotify Spotify (; ) is a proprietary Swedish audio streaming and media services provider founded on 23 April 2006 by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon. It is one of the largest music streaming service providers, with over 456 million monthly active us ...
's Viral 50 chart, before being taken off the chart after being struck with a copyright claim.


Pachinko

A number of
pachinko is a mechanical game originating in Japan that is used as an arcade game, and much more frequently for gambling. Pachinko fills a niche in Japanese gambling comparable to that of the slot machine in the West as a form of low-stakes, low-st ...
and
pachislot A slot machine (American English), fruit machine (British English) or poker machine (Australian English and New Zealand English) is a gambling machine that creates a game of chance for its customers. Slot machines are also known pejoratively a ...
machines based on the franchise have been produced, mainly by Sega Sammy Holdings since the launch of the ''CR Hokuto No Ken'' pachinko machine in 2002. ''Pachislot Hokuto No Ken'', launched in 2004, sold 620,000 units by March 2005, becoming the best-selling pachislot machine. ''Pachinko CR Hokuto No Ken 3'' became Sega Sammy's best-selling pachinko machine when it launched in 2009. By March 2017, Sega Sammy had sold 3.18million ''Hokuto no Ken'' pachinko, pachislot and arcade machines, including 2.71million ''Hokuto no Ken'' pachinko and pachislot machines, 30,000 ''Hokuto no Ken'' arcade game machines, and 440,000 '' Souten no Ken'' pachinko and pachislot machines. These pachinko machines can be seen and played in the
Yakuza , also known as , are members of transnational organized crime syndicates originating in Japan. The Japanese police and media, by request of the police, call them , while the ''yakuza'' call themselves . The English equivalent for the ter ...
video game series.


See also

*
Bruceploitation Bruceploitation (a portmanteau of "Bruce Lee" and "exploitation") is an exploitation film subgenre that emerged after the death of martial arts film star Bruce Lee in 1973, where filmmakers from Hong Kong, Taiwan and South Korea cast Bruce Lee l ...


Explanatory notes


Citations


General bibliography

* * * * * * *


External links


''Shin Kyuseishu Densetsu - Hokuto no Ken'' official website

Toei Animation's official ''Seikimatsu Kyūseishu Densetsu: Hokuto no Ken'' website
* {{Authority control
Fist of the North Star is a Japanese manga series written by Buronson and illustrated by Tetsuo Hara. It was serialized in Shueisha's ''shōnen'' manga magazine ''Weekly Shōnen Jump'' for 245 issues published from 1983 to 1988 and initially collected in 27 ' ...
1983 manga 1984 anime television series debuts 1987 anime television series debuts ADV Films Adventure anime and manga Anime series based on manga Bruceploitation Discotek Media Fiction set in the 1990s Fuji TV original programming Funimation Manga adapted into films Martial arts anime and manga Post-apocalyptic anime and manga Sega Sammy Holdings Shōnen manga Shueisha franchises Shueisha manga Toei Animation television Viz Media manga