municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
in the
Liptovský Mikuláš District
Liptovský Mikuláš District (''okres Liptovský Mikuláš'') is a district in the eastern part of Žilina Region of central Slovakia. The district was established in the 19th century with its current name and exists within current borders since 1 ...
in the
Žilina Region
The Žilina Region ( sk, Žilinský kraj; pl, Kraj żyliński; hu, Zsolnai kerület) is one of the eight Slovak administrative regions and consists of 11 districts ( okresy) and 315 municipalities, from which 18 have a town status. The region ...
of northern
Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
.
Names and etymology
The name is of Slavic ( Slovak) origin with uncertain etymology. Possibly, it derives from the stem ''-gyb''/''-hyb''.
Proto-Slavic
Proto-Slavic (abbreviated PSl., PS.; also called Common Slavic or Common Slavonic) is the Attested language, unattested, linguistic reconstruction, reconstructed proto-language of all Slavic languages. It represents Slavic speech approximately ...
''gybij'', ''gybkij'', ''gybaja'', ''gybica'', Slovak ''hybký'' - unstable, flexible, the stem is present also in words like ''ohyb'' - bending, ''pohyb'' - movement, etc. The name may refer to the character of the river Hybica.
The name was adopted by the
before the lenition of Slavic /g/ to /h/ in Slovak ( 1200) - ''Geib''.
History
The village of Hybe was first mentioned in historical records in 1239 (''villa Hyba''). The village was founded around the end of the 12th century, as a Slovak settlement. In 1230 the village was owned by Hauk, Polk and Beuch from Uhorská Ves. In 1239, King
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father ...
took possession and associated it with the royal property. In 1396, Hybe gives from monarch market liberties and toll-free. German Sasses (likely from neighbor
Spiš
Spiš (Latin: ''Cips/Zepus/Scepus/Scepusia'', german: Zips, hu, Szepesség/Szepes, pl, Spisz) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (14 villages). Spiš is an informal designation of the territory ...
) moved in during the first half of the 13th century.
In 1265 Hybe purchased the rights to become a
mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, reef, or placer deposit. The exploitation of these deposits for raw material is based on the economic via ...
city and citizens began mining gold on the base of the Mount
Kriváň Kriváň can refer to:
* Kriváň (peak), peak in the High Tatras, Slovakia
* Veľký Kriváň, the highest peak in Malá Fatra, Slovakia
* Kriváň (village)
Kriváň ( hu, Krivány) is a village and municipality in Detva District, in the Bansk ...
. The village sign depicts a miner and a hoe, and has been unchanged since then. Mining eventually proved unsustainable due to the poor gold
lode
In geology, a lode is a deposit of metalliferous ore that fills or is embedded in a fissure (or crack) in a rock formation or a vein of ore that is deposited or embedded between layers of rock.
The current meaning (ore vein) dates from the 17t ...
and high expenses incurred due to the rough terrain. Some of the gold miners went to Bocianska dolina.
In 1390 Hybe became the property of the Liptov district administrator and become villein small town of domination in
Liptovský Hrádok
Liptovský Hrádok (; german: Neuhäusel in der Liptau; hu, Liptóújvár) is a town in northern Slovakia, in the region of Liptov.
History
First mentioned in 1341, Liptovský Hrádok was named after the nearby castle. The castle, also known as ...
. Between the 14th and 15th centuries, mining gave way to farming and crafts.
Despite of villein ratio to Liptovský Hrádok, Hybe was an important farming and culture center of the top part of Liptov between the late-19th and mid-20th centuries. More than 20 kinds of crafts were in the village but the most widespread were builders, which became famous specialists at building of City of
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
.
Modern day
Facilities in the village currently include an infant school, elementary school, palace of culture,
Evangelic
Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that affirms the centrality of being " born again", in which an individual exper ...
church,
Roman Catholic
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a lette ...
Church, house of Dobroslav Chrobák and library. Both churches, memorable house of Dobroslav Chrobák, memorable house of poet Jakub Grajchman, grave of Jakub Grajchman with gravestone, memorable house of Alojz Štróbl are inhere in the Central list ancient monument foundation of
Slovak Republic
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
, on the list: Culture monuments. Entire center of village is promulgated for national culture treasure. On the present is on the village created strong sports background, local sportsmen get awards in the slovak competitions, primarily in the
cross-country skiing
Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing where skiers rely on their own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain, rather than using ski lifts or other forms of assistance. Cross-country skiing is widely practiced as a sport and recreation ...
. Hybe has very good conditions for winter sports, cyclo-tourism,
tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring (disambiguation), touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tour (disambiguation), tours. Th ...
in Hybe gully or into mineral springs and for mushrooms. There is situated ski lift and certified racing track. In the village is a volunteer fireman brigade.
Hybe's school includes children from surrounding villages (
Vyšná Boca
Vyšná Boca ( hu, Királyboca) is a village and municipality in Liptovský Mikuláš District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1262.
Geography
The municipality lies at ...
,
Nižná Boca
Nižná Boca ( hu, Szentivánboca) is a village and municipality in Liptovský Mikuláš District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1285. Nižná Boca Village is situ ...
,
Kráľova Lehota
Kráľova Lehota ( hu, Királylehota) is a village and municipality in Liptovský Mikuláš District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia.
History
In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1361.
Geography
The municipality ...
, and
Malužiná
Malužiná ( hu, Maluzsina) is a village and municipality in Liptovský Mikuláš District in the Žilina Region of northern Slovakia
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a ...
). The school has a well-equipped computer class as part of Slovakia's national Infovek project. Sports available include
table tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small solid rackets. It takes place on a hard table div ...
,
badminton
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players pe ...
,
football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
, and, in winter,
hockey
Hockey is a term used to denote a family of various types of both summer and winter team sports which originated on either an outdoor field, sheet of ice, or dry floor such as in a gymnasium. While these sports vary in specific rules, numbers o ...
.
Notable residents
Today's citizens of Hybe take pride in their cultural history, on men of the day, which came from Hybe and prove competent in a number of areas social and cultural life of Slovak Republic. These include: writers Jakub Grajchman and Dobroslav Chrobák, writer and screenwriter Peter Jaroš, historian and writer Rudo Brtáň, poet Július Lenko, actors Ivan Rajniak, Ondrej Jariabek, Teodor Piovarči, Slavo Záhradník, director Ondrej Rajniak, director of amateur theatre Ruzena Jariabeková, academic painter Pavol Michalides, architects Ján Svetlík, Jozef Chrobák, Vladimir Chrobák, Ján Mlynár and many others.
Geography
The municipality lies at an altitude of 690 metres and covers an area of 52.866 km². It has a population of about 1600 people.
It lies in north part of
Slovak Republic
Slovakia (; sk, Slovensko ), officially the Slovak Republic ( sk, Slovenská republika, links=no ), is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east, Hungary to the south, Austria to the s ...
. It is situated in
Liptov
Liptov () is a historical and geographical region in central Slovakia with around 140,000 inhabitants. The area is also known by the German name ''Liptau'', the Hungarian ''Liptó'', the Latin name ''Liptovium'' and the Polish ''Liptów''.
Etymo ...
fold between
High Tatras
The High Tatras or High Tatra Mountains ( Slovak: Vysoké Tatry; pl, Tatry Wysokie; rue, Высокі Татри,'' Vysoki Tatry''; hu, Magas-Tátra; german: Hohe Tatra; french: Hautes Tatras), are a mountain range along the border of norther ...
and
Low Tatras
The Low Tatras or Low Tatra ( sk, Nízke Tatry; hu, Alacsony-Tátra) is a mountain range of the Inner Western Carpathians in central Slovakia.
It is located south of the Tatras proper, from which it is separated by the valleys of the Vá ...
, in valley of Hybica and White
Váh
The Váh (; german: Waag, ; hu, Vág; pl, WagWag w Słowniku geograficznym Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów ...
.
Hybe in cinematography
Thanks to the works of the writer Peter Jaroš, Hybe has been depicted in Slovak cinematography.
''Pacho the Brigand of Hybe'' (1975)
From director Martin Ťapák (screenplay from Hybe's writer Peter Jaroš). This movie is about historical legend - brigand Pacho, who helped poor people and fight with poorness like
Juraj Jánošík
Juraj Jánošík (first name also ''Juro'' or ''Jurko'', ; baptised 25 January 1688, died 17 March 1713) was a Slovak highwayman. Jánošík has been the main character of many Slovak novels, poems, and films. According to the legend, he robbed ...
.
''The Millennial Bee'' (1983)
The saga about builder lineage of Pichandovci (by the novel of Peter Jaroš), which is located in a small village in years 1887–1917. This movie belongs between the best movie of central Europe. On movie works several important people from social and cultural life after 1968. Director
Juraj Jakubisko
Juraj Jakubisko (born 30 April 1938) is a Slovak film director. He has directed fifteen feature films, between 1967 and 2008. He often takes the dual role of cinematographer, and is often also credited as a screenplay writer as he usually co-writ ...
, Screenwriter Peter Jaroš, Music -
Petr Hapka
Petr Hapka (13 May 1944 – 25 November 2014) was a Czech composer, one of the most significant composers of Czech film music scores. He is known for his collaborations with the lyricist Michal Horáček.
Discography
;Studio albums
*1987: ''Potm ...
and famous Slovak actors Michal Dočolomanský (as Valent Pichanda), Štefan Kvietik (as Samo Pichanda), Pavol Mikulík (as Julo Mitron) and the best slovak actor
Academy Award
The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...
The records for genealogical research are available at the state archive (Statny Archiv) in Bytca, Slovakia.
* Roman Catholic church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1675-1923 (parish A)
* Lutheran church records (births/marriages/deaths): 1731-1895 (parish A)
Gallery
Centrum Quo vadis - Hybe.jpg, Centrum Quo vadis
Hybe - Obecný úrad.jpg, Municipality office
Hybe - pamätný dom D. Chrobáka.JPG, Memory house of D. Chrobák
Hybe, domo de Albert Škarvan, de dekstre.jpg, House of Albert Škarvan
Hybe, domo de Albert Škarvan, de maldekstre.jpg, House of Albert Škarvan
Hybe evang-kostel (2014).JPG, Evangelical church
Hybe - rímsko-katolícky kostol III.jpg, All Saints Roman-catholic church
Memory plates
Hybe, memortabulo de Albert Škarvan, kun fenestroj.jpg, Albert Škarvan, look to the house
Hybe, memortabulo de Albert Škarvan, detalo.jpg, Albert Škarvan
Pam. tabuľa - Ján Bakoss - Hybe.jpg, Ján Bakoss
Pamät. tabuľa - Ján Šimkovic - Hybe.jpg, Ján Šimkovic
Pamät. tabuľa - Ľudevít Orphanides - Hybe.jpg, Ľudevít Orphanides