Hoffman is a surname of

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...

and

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

origin. The original meaning in medieval times was "steward", i.e. one who manages the property of another. In

English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...

and other European languages, including

Yiddish Yiddish (, or , ''yidish'' or ''idish'', , ; , ''Yidish-Taytsh'', ) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. It originated during the 9th century in Central Europe, providing the nascent Ashkenazi community with a ver ...

and Dutch, the name can also be spelled Hoffmann,

Hofmann Hoffman is a surname of German and Jewish origin. The original meaning in medieval times was "steward", i.e. one who manages the property of another. In English and other European languages, including Yiddish and Dutch, the name can also be spelle ...

, Hofman, Huffman, Hofmans.

People with the surname

A

* Aaron Hoffman (1880–1944), American writer, director and comedian *

Abbie Hoffman Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was an American political and social activist who co-founded the Youth International Party ("Yippies") and was a member of the Chicago Seven. He was also a leading proponen ...

(1936–1989), American social activist of prominence in the 1960s and 1970s * Abraham Hoffman (1938–2015), Israeli basketball player *

Al Hoffman Al Hoffman (September 25, 1902 – July 21, 1960) was an American song composer. He was a hit songwriter active in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, usually co-writing with others and responsible for number-one hits through each decade, many of wh ...

(1902–1960), Russian-born American songwriter * Alan Hoffman (born 1982), American entrepreneur * Albert Hofmann (1906–2008), Swiss chemist and discoverer of LSD * Alex Hoffman-Ellis (born 1989), American football player * Alice Hoffman (born 1952), American author *

Anthony Hoffman Anthony Hoffman (December 5, 1764 – ?) was an American politician from New York (state), New York. Early life He was born on April 14, 1766, the son of Col. Martinus Hoffman and Tryntje (Benson) Hoffman. He graduated from Kings College (now Co ...

(1739–1790), New York politician * Arthur Sullivant Hoffman (1876–1966), American magazine editor *

August Wilhelm von Hofmann August Wilhelm von Hofmann (8 April 18185 May 1892) was a German chemist who made considerable contributions to organic chemistry. His research on aniline helped lay the basis of the aniline-dye industry, and his research on coal tar laid the g ...

(1818-1892) German organic chemist

B

* Barbara Hoffman (born 1931), All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player * Beate Hofmann (born 1963), German Lutheran bishop * Ben Hoffman (born 1974), American comedian and writer * Ben Hoffman (triathlete) (born 1983), American triathlete * Benjamin Hoffman (1864–1922), American lawyer, politician, and judge * Benzion Hoffman best known by the pen name Zivion, Yiddish writer, journalist, and political activist * Bern Hoffman (1913–1979), American film and television actor * Bernard Hoffman (1913–1979), American photographer * Biff Hoffman (1904–1954), American football player * Bill Hoffman (disambiguation), several people * Brock Hoffman (born 1998), American football player

C

Calvin Hoffman Calvin Hoffman (1906 – February 1986), born Leo Hochman in Brooklyn, NY, was an American theater critic, press agent and writer who popularized in his 1955 book ''The Man Who Was Shakespeare'' the Marlovian theory that playwright Christopher Mar ...

(died 1987), American theater press agent and writer * Camille Hoffman (born 1987), American artist * Carl von Hoffman (1889–1982), Russian adventurer * Carl Henry Hoffman (1896–1980), Pennsylvania politician * Charles Hoffman (1911–1972), American screenwriter and film producer * Charles E. Hoffman (born 1949), American business executive and college dean * Charles Fenno Hoffman (1806–1884), American author, poet and editor * Charlotta Hoffman (1807–1877) Swedish actress * Christopher Hoffman (born 1981), Zimbabwean actor and voice artist *

Clare Hoffman Clare Eugene Hoffman (September 10, 1875 – November 3, 1967) was a United States representative from Michigan's 4th congressional district. Background Hoffman was born in Vicksburg, Union County, Pennsylvania, where he attended the public s ...

(1875–1967), American politician

D

Daniel Hoffman Daniel Gerard Hoffman (April 3, 1923 – March 30, 2013) was an American poet, essayist, and academic. He was appointed the twenty-second Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress in 1973. Early life and education Hoffman ...

(1923–2013), American poet, essayist, and academic *

Danny Hoffman Daniel John Hoffman (March 2, 1880 – March 22, 1922) was an American professional baseball player who played center field in the Major Leagues from 1903 to 1911. During his career Hoffman played for the Philadelphia Athletics, New York High ...

(1880–1922), American baseball player * David Hoffman (disambiguation), several people * Darleane C. Hoffman (born 1926), American nuclear chemist * Donald D. Hoffman (born 1955), American cognitive psychologist and popular science author *

Dorothea Hoffman Dorothea Hoffman (died 1710), was Swedish milliner and hatmaker. She was the daughter of the Elder (administrative title) Fischer of the hatmaker's guild in Norrköping. She married the hatmaker Mårten Hoffman (d. 1702) in Stockholm, with whom sh ...

(died 1710), Swedish hat maker *

Dorothy Hoffman Dorothy M. Hoffman (September 12, 1915 – December 13, 1996) was an American chemical engineer. In 1974 she became the first woman to be elected President of American Vacuum Society and the first woman to serve as president of any scientific ...

(1915–1996), American engineer *

Doug Hoffman Douglas L. Hoffman (born 1953) is an American businessman, accountant and former congressional candidate. He was the Conservative Party candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in the 2009 special election for New York's 23rd congressional ...

(born 1953), politician, congressional candidate *

Dustin Hoffman Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker. As one of the key actors in the formation of New Hollywood, Hoffman is known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and emotionally vulnerable characters. He is th ...

(born 1937), American actor and film director *

Dutch Hoffman Clarence Casper "Dutch" Hoffman (January 28, 1904 – December 6, 1962) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball. He played for the Chicago White Sox in 1929.

(1904–1962), American baseball player

E

E. T. A. Hoffmann Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist. Penrith Goff, "E.T.A. Hoffmann" in E ...

(1776–1822), Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann, German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror *

Edward George Hoffman Edward George Hoffman (October 1, 1877 – February 11, 1931) was a Democratic National Committee member from Indiana from 1916 to 1920. Biography He died on February 11, 1931, when he fell from his horse. References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoffm ...

(1877–1931), American politician *

Edward J. Hoffman Edward Joseph Hoffman (January 1, 1942 – July 1, 2004) helped invent the first human PET scanner, a commonly used whole-body scanning procedure for detecting diseases like cancer. Hoffman, with Michel Ter-Pogossian and Michael E. Phelps, deve ...

(1942–2004), American professor, co-inventor of the PET scanner * Elaine Hoffman Watts (1932–2017), American klezmer drummer * Elisha Hoffman (1839–1929), American hymn composer * Elmer J. Hoffman (1899–1976), American politician * Emily Hoffman (1876-1927), American socialite *

Ernst Reinhold von Hofmann Ernst Reinhold von Hofmann ( rus, Эрнст Ка́рлович Го́фман, Ernst Karlovich Hofmann, 8 January 1801 – 23 May 1871) was a Russians, Russian geologist, geographer, explorer, and lecturer. He was a geologist who accompanied Otto ...

(1801–1871), Russian geologist and mineralogist *

Eugene Augustus Hoffman Eugene Augustus Hoffman (March 21, 1829 – June 17, 1902) was an American Episcopal clergyman. Biography Eugene Augustus Hoffman was born in New York City on March 21, 1829, the son of Samuel Verplanck Hoffman. He was educated at Columbia Gramm ...

(1829–1902), American clergyman

F

* F. Burrall Hoffman (1882–1980), American architect * Fabian Hoffman (1917–1980), American football player * François-Benoît Hoffman (1760–1828), French playwright and critic *

Frederick Ludwig Hoffman Frederick Ludwig Hoffman (May 2, 1865 Varel, Germany - February 23, 1946, San Diego, California) was an American statistician who showed great foresight on some public health issues, but his work in some areas was biased by his scientific racist v ...

(1865–1946), American statistician

G

Gene L. Hoffman Gene L. Hoffman (September 26, 1932 – December 28, 2007) was an American educator and politician. Born on a farm near Canton, Illinois, Hoffman served in the United States Army. He received his bachelor's degree from Illinois State Universit ...

(1932–2007), American educator and politician *

George H. Hoffman George Harrison Hoffman (January 21, 1838August 31, 1922) was the second Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1891 to 1893. Life George Hoffman was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania. In 1844 he moved with his parents to DeKalb County, Ind ...

(1838–1922), South Dakota politician *

Glenn Hoffman Glenn Edward Hoffman (born July 7, 1958) is an American former Major League Baseball shortstop, coach, and manager. Hoffman had a nine-year playing career in the Majors, and was manager of the 1998 Los Angeles Dodgers for the last 88 games of ...

(born 1958), American baseball player, coach, and manager *

Grace Hoffman Grace Hoffman (born Goldie Hoffman; January 14, 1921July 26, 2008) was an American operatic mezzo-soprano and academic teacher. Based at the Staatsoper Stuttgart from 1955 to 1992, she performed roles such as Verdi's Azucena and Eboli at leadi ...

(1921–2008), American operatic mezzo-soprano and academic teacher *

Gregory Hofmann Gregory may refer to: People and fictional characters * Gregory (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name * Gregory (surname), a surname Places Australia *Gregory, Queensland, a town in the Shire of ...

(born 1992), Swiss ice hockey player

H

* H. Lawrence Hoffman (1911–1977), American illustrator *

Harold G. Hoffman Harold Giles Hoffman (February 7, 1896 – June 4, 1954) was an American politician of the Republican Party who served as the 41st governor of New Jersey from 1935 to 1938. He also served two terms representing in the United States House of Re ...

(1896–1954), American politician and governor of New Jersey * Heinrich Hoffman (1836–1894), American Civil War Corporal in the Union Army *

Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer) Heinrich Hoffmann (12 September 188515 December 1957) was Adolf Hitler's official photographer, and a Nazi politician and publisher, who was a member of Hitler's intimate circle. Hoffmann's photographs were a significant part of Hitler's propag ...

(1885–1957), Hitler's personal photographer and Nazi politician *

Henry William Hoffman Henry William Hoffman (November 10, 1825 – July 28, 1895) was a U.S. Representative from Maryland. Born in Cumberland, Maryland, Hoffman attended the public schools and Allegany County Academy. He graduated from Jefferson College (now Washing ...

(1825–1895), American politician

I

* Irwin Hoffman (1924–2018), North American and Latin American Conductor *

Izzy Hoffman Harry C. Hoffman (January 5, 1875 – November 13, 1942) was a Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Washington Senators in 1904 and the Boston Doves The Atlanta Braves, a current Major League Baseball franchise, originated in ...

(1875–1942), American baseball player

J

Jack Hoffman Jack Hoffman (born September 26, 2005), from Atkinson, Nebraska, is a current high school football player and pediatric brain cancer patient. In 2012, between his first and second brain surgeries, he was introduced to Rex Burkhead, then a foot ...

(born 2005), American pediatric cancer patient *

Jack Hoffman (American football) Jack Howard Hoffman (March 11, 1930 – December 13, 2001) was an American football defensive end who played five seasons with the Chicago Bears of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Chicago Bears in the fifth round of the 1952 N ...

(1930–2001), American football player * Jackie Hoffman (born 1960), American actress and stand-up comedian * Jacob Hoffman (1881–1956), Hungarian rabbi * Jacob Hoffman (musician) (died 1974), American xylophone player * Jan Hoffmann (born 1955), German figure skater * Janice Hoffman, birth name of Janice H. Levin (1913–2001), philanthropist and art collector from New York City *

Jason Hoffman Jason Hoffman (born 28 January 1989) is an Australian association football player who plays as a right back for the Newcastle Jets in the A-League.Jason is the most capped player in Newcastle Jets History. Jason’s nicknames include “the Ho ...

(born 1989), Australian football (soccer) player * Jay Hoffman (rugby league) (born 1958), Australian rugby league footballer *

Jean Hoffman (water polo) Jean Hoffman (born 29 September 1893, date of death unknown) was a Belgian water polo player who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics The 1912 Summer Olympics ( sv, Olympiska sommarspelen 1912), officially known as the Games of the V Olymp ...

(1893–?), Belgian water polo player *

Jeff Hoffman Jeffrey Robert Hoffman (born January 8, 1993) is an American professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He previously played for the Colorado Rockies and Cincinnati Reds. Hoffman played college baseball at East Carolina University. Earl ...

(born 1993), American baseball player *

Jeffrey A. Hoffman Jeffrey Alan Hoffman (born November 2, 1944) is an American former NASA astronaut and currently a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT. Hoffman made five flights as a Space Shuttle astronaut, including the first mission to repair th ...

(born 1944), American astronaut *

Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Julian Hoffman (; born 15 March 1932) is a Polish director, screenwriter, and producer. He received the Polish Academy Life Achievement Award in February 2006. Hoffman is best known for his works in ''The Deluge'' (1974) and ''With Fire and ...

(born 1932), Polish film director and screenwriter * John Hoffman (filmmaker) (1904–1980), Hungarian-American filmmaker *

John T. Hoffman John Thompson Hoffman (January 10, 1828March 24, 1888) was the 23rd governor of New York (1869–72). He was also recorder of New York City (1861–65) and the 78th mayor of New York City (1866–68). Connections to the Tweed Ring ...

(1828–1888), governor of New York state and mayor of New York City *

Josef Hofmann Josef Casimir Hofmann (originally Józef Kazimierz Hofmann; January 20, 1876February 16, 1957) was a Polish-American pianist, composer, music teacher, and inventor. Biography Josef Hofmann was born in Podgórze (a district of Kraków), in Aus ...

(1876–1954), Polish-American pianist, composer, music teacher, and inventor *

Josef Anton Hofmann Josef Anton Hofmann (July 22, 1924 – November 12, 2010) was a London-born American audio engineer and speaker-system designer. He is known for Hofmann’s Iron Law, and was a son of pianist Josef Hofmann. Biography Hofmann was born in London ...

(1924–2010), London-born American audio engineer, son of Josef Hofmann *

Josh Hoffman Josh Hoffman (born 10 March 1988) is a New Zealand international rugby league footballer who plays as and for the Townsville Blackhawks in the Queensland Cup. He previously played for the Brisbane Broncos, Gold Coast Titans and Parramatta Ee ...

(born 1988), Australian Rugby League player * Josiah Ogden Hoffman (1766–1837), New York State Attorney General 1795–1802 * Josias Philip Hoffman (1807–1879), Boer politician and first President of the Orange Free State *

Julius Hoffman Julius Jennings Hoffman (July 7, 1895 – July 1, 1983) was an American attorney and jurist who served as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. He presided over the Chicago Seven ...

(1895–1983), presiding judge in the Chicago Eight trial

K

* Karla Hoffman, American operations researcher * Katherine B. Hoffman (1914–2020), American chemist and academic administrator *

Klaus H. Hofmann Klaus H. Hofmann (February 21, 1911 – December 25, 1995) was an American biological chemist and medical researcher. The New York Times called Hofmann an "expert on synthesis of body compounds". His career was highlighted by synthesis of a prot ...

(1911–1995), American chemist * Klementyna Hoffmanowa (1798–1845), Polish writer and translator

L

* Larry Hoffman (1878–1948), American baseball player *

Lauren Hoffman Lauren Hoffman (born 1977) is an American singer-songwriter. She released her debut album ''Megiddo'' through Virgin Records in 1997 to critical praise. In 1999 Hoffman independently issued her second LP ''From The Blue House'' and an EP, ''A Ha ...

(born 1977), American singer *

Lyman Hoffman Lyman F. Hoffman (born February 13, 1950) is a Yup'ik politician and registered Democrat who caucuses with the Republicans in the Alaska Senate. He represents the S district since 1995, and from 1991 through 1992 previously. He was a member of ...

(born 1950), member of the Alaska Senate

M

Malvina Hoffman Malvina Cornell Hoffman (June 15, 1885July 10, 1966) was an American sculptor and author, well known for her life-size bronze sculptures of people. She also worked in plaster and marble. Hoffman created portrait busts of working-class people and ...

(1887–1966), American sculptor and author * Mani Hoffman (born 1975), French singer and songwriter * Manny Hoffman (1937–2013), American politician and businessman *

Marc Hoffman Marc Hoffman (born April 16, 1961) is a composer of concert music and music for film, pianist, vocalist, recording artist and music educator. Hoffman grew up in Salisbury, North Carolina, then attended the North Carolina School of the Arts an ...

(born 1961), American composer * Mark González Hoffman (born 1984), Chilean footballer *

Mat Hoffman Mat Hoffman (born January 9, 1972) is an American BMX rider who is considered one of the best vert ramp riders in the history of the sport. He is nicknamed "The Condor" and runs the BMX Freestyle brand Hoffman BMX Bikes based out of ...

(born 1972), American BMX rider * Matthew Hoffman (murderer) (born 1980), American triple murderer * Max Hoffman (1904–1981), Austrian-born importer of European automobiles into the United States *

Melchior Hoffman Melchior Hoffman (or Hofmann; byname: ''Pel(t)zer'' "furrier"; c. 1495c. 1543) was an Anabaptist prophet and a visionary leader in northern Germany and the Netherlands. Life Hoffman was born at Schwäbisch Hall in southwest Germany before 1500 ...

(c. 1490 – 1543), 16th-century German religious leader *

Michael Hoffman (director) Michael Lynn Hoffman (born November 30, 1956) is an American film director. Early life and education Hoffman was born in Hawaii: the son of Dorothy (Harper) and Glenn R. Hoffman, who was stationed in the navy in Hawaii at the time. He grew up i ...

(born 1956), American movie director * Michael A. Hoffman (1944–1990), American archaeologist * Michael A. Hoffman II (born 1954), American Holocaust denier * Mike Hoffman (born 1989), Canadian ice hockey player * Myer Hoffman (1902–1959), English-born Irish cricketer *

Myn M. Hoffman Myn M. Hoffman (1883-1951) was the fourth Superintendent of the United States Navy Nurse Corps. Early life Hoffman was born in Bradford, Illinois on May 12, 1883. After several years as an educator, she attended St. Joseph's Hospital Training ...

(1883–1951), American military nurse

N

Nadine Hoffman Nadine Hoffman was an All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player. Nadine Hoffman played in two games for the Peoria Redwings club in the 1946 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League season, 1946 season. She went hitless in fou ...

, All-American Girls Professional Baseball League player * Nanna Hoffman (1846–1920), Swedish entrepreneur * Nicholas von Hoffman (1929–2018), American journalist * Nina Kiriki Hoffman (born 1955), American fantasy author *

Noah Hoffman Noah Hoffman (born August 1, 1989) is a retired American Olympic cross-country skier. He competed for the United States at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, and in the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Personal Hoffman ...

(born 1989), American Olympic skier

O

Ogden Hoffman Ogden Hoffman (October 13, 1794 – May 1, 1856) was an American lawyer and politician who served two terms in the United States House of Representatives. Life Ogden Hoffman was born on October 13, 1794, the son of New York Attorney General Jos ...

(1794–1856), New York State Attorney General 1854–1855 *

Ogden Hoffman Jr. Ogden Hoffman Jr. (October 16, 1822 - August 9, 1891) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of California, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California and the United S ...

(1822–1891), American federal judge * Otto Hoffman (1879–1944), American film actor

P

Paul Hoffman (basketball) Paul James Hoffman (May 5, 1925 – November 12, 1998) was an American professional basketball player. High school and college career Hoffman, a 6'2" guard/forward, attended Jasper High School in Jasper, Indiana from 1939 to 1943; his coach was ...

(1925–1998), American basketball player *

Paul G. Hoffman Paul Gray Hoffman (April 26, 1891October 8, 1974) was an American automobile company executive, statesman, and global development aid administrator. He was the first administrator of the Economic Cooperation Administration, where he led the imp ...

(1891–1974), American automobile company executive * Philip Hoffman (disambiguation), several people

R

* Rachel Hoffman (1984–2008), American student, murder victim in botched drug sting *

Reid Hoffman Reid Garrett Hoffman (born August 5, 1967) is an American internet entrepreneur, venture capitalist, podcaster, and author. Hoffman was the co-founder and executive chairman of LinkedIn, a business-oriented social network used primarily for prof ...

(born 1967), American entrepreneur *

Richard Hoffman (disambiguation) Richard Hof(f)man(n) may refer to: * Richard Hoffman (composer) (1831–1909), English-born American pianist and composer * Richard Hofmann (composer) (1844–1918), German composer and pedagogue who worked in Leipzig * Richard H. Hoffmann (1887� ...

, several people *

Rick Hoffman Rick may refer to: People *Rick (given name), a list of people with the given name *Alan Rick (born 1976), Brazilian politician, journalist, pastor and television personality *Johannes Rick (1869–1946), Austrian-born Brazilian priest and mycol ...

, American actor *

Robert Hoffman (disambiguation) Robert or Bob Hoffman may refer to: * Robert A. Hoffmann, retired United States Air Force Brigadier General * Robert Hoffman (actor) (born 1980), American actor * Bob Hoffman (basketball) (born 1957), American basketball coach * Robert Hoffman (bu ...

, several people

S

Samuel Hoffman Samuel J. Hoffman (July 23, 1903 in New York City – December 6, 1967 in Los Angeles) was a notable thereminist. At age 14, began playing the violin professionally in New York City. Under the stage name Hal Hope, he led nightclub and society ...

(1903–1967), American thereminist *

Steve Hoffman (disambiguation) Steve or Steven Hoffman may refer to: * Steve Hoffman (American football), American football player and coach *Steve Hoffman (audio engineer), audio and mastering engineer. * Steven Hoffman (Australian footballer), former Australian rules footballe ...

, several people

T

* Tex Hoffman (1893–1947), American baseball player *

Thom Hoffman Thomas Antonius Cornelis Ancion (born 3 March 1957), known by the pseudonym Thom Hoffman, is a Dutch actor and photographer.Note: parts of this article have been translated from the Dutch version of this page. Biography Hoffman acts mainly in ...

(born 1957), Dutch actor and photographer *

Toni Hoffman Toni Ellen Hoffman (born 9 July 1957)''Who's Who in Australia'', ConnectWeb. is a senior nurse who was made a Member of the Order of Australia and awarded the 2006 Australian of the Year Local Hero Award. She took on the role of whistleblower in ...

, Australian nurse and whistleblower * Trevor Hoffman (born 1967), Major League Baseball pitcher *

Tristan Hoffman Tristan Henri Christiaan Hoffman (born 1 January 1970 in Groenlo, Oost Gelre) is a Dutch former road racing cyclist. After his racing years he became a directeur sportif for Team CSC, and later for . He also competed in the Cycling at the 1996 Su ...

(born 1970), Dutch road racing cyclist

W

William Hoffman (disambiguation) William Hoffman may refer to: * William Hoffman (author) (1925–2009), American novelist * William M. Hoffman (1939–2017), American playwright * Bill Hoffman (baseball) (1918–2004), American baseball player * Billy Hoffman (singer), American ...

, several people {{surname German-language surnames Occupational surnames Yiddish-language surnames Jewish surnames