The Government of Rotterdam is the government of the municipality and city of

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"Ne ...

in the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. Most of the inhabitants live in the city of Rotterdam, but the municipality also covers a number of small villages, and other parts of the local government, such as

Rozenburg Rozenburg () is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of 13,173 in 2004, and covers an area of 6.50 km² (of which 1.99 km² water). It was the ...

, cover an even larger area.

City council

Results of the elections of 2002, 2006, 2010,

2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...

2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the Unit ...

, and

2022 File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; 2022 Sri Lankan protests, Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretari ...

: ¹ In 2022 only CU.

City executive

City executive 2002 - 2006

Pim Fortuyn Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, known as Pim Fortuyn (; 19 February 1948 – 6 May 2002), was a Dutch politician, author, civil servant, businessman, sociologist and academic who founded the party Pim Fortuyn List (Lijst Pim Fortuyn or LPF) ...

Leefbaar Rotterdam Livable Rotterdam ( nl, Leefbaar Rotterdam) is a local political party in the municipality of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, which was founded by Ronald Sørensen in 2001. Livable Rotterdam won the council elections of March 2002 due to the chari ...

(right-wing populistic) won the elections on 6 March 2002 with 17 seats and formed a new coalition with the CDA (Christian democratic) and

VVD The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie ; VVD) is a Conservative liberalism, conservative-liberalRudy Andeweg, Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingsto ...

(liberal) that unseated the PvdA (labour) which had ruled Rotterdam for decades. Only three months to the day later he was assassiated.

City executive 2006 - 2010

The coalition

mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well a ...

and

aldermen An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members them ...

for the period 2006-2010 was formed by a

coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

of the parties PvdA (labour), CDA (Christian democratic),

(liberal) and

GroenLinks GroenLinks (, ) is a green political party in the Netherlands. It was formed on 1 March 1989 from the merger of four left-wing parties: the Communist Party of the Netherlands, the Pacifist Socialist Party, the Political Party of Radicals and t ...

(green left). The college was sworn in on May 18, 2006. The college since its inauguration in 2006 had a number of cycles. VVD alderman

Roelf de Boer Roelf Hendrik de Boer (born 9 October 1949, Rotterdam) is a retired Dutch politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, rejec ...

retreated from his position in 2007. In 2008, GreenLeft alderman Orhan Kaya was replaced by

Rik Grashoff Hendrik Johannes "Rik" Grashoff (born 5 April 1961, in Krimpen aan den IJssel) is a Dutch engineer and politician. He is a member of the political party GreenLeft. From 23 November 2010 to 19 September 2012 he was a member of the House of Represe ...

. In April 2009

left the coalition, though it retained a slim majority of 23 of the 45 seats. The two VVD aldermen Jeannette Baljeu and

Mark Harbers Markus Gerardus Jozef "Mark" Harbers (born 19 April 1969) is a Dutch politician who serves as the Minister of Infrastructure and Water Management in the Fourth Rutte cabinet since 10 January 2022. He previously served the State Secretary for ...

were replaced by CDA and PvdA aldermen. This left the CDA with three council seats and three aldermen, a remarkable situation. In July 2009 CDA alderman Leonard Geluk joined the coalition but he stepped down prematurely, because of his new position as chairman of ROC Netherlands.

City executive 2010 - 2014

The city board of mayor and aldermen was formed by four parties: PvdA (labour),

(conservative-liberal), D66 (social-liberal), and CDA (christian-democratic).

Aldermen An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members them ...

were: Jeannette Baljeu,

Hugo de Jonge Hugo Mattheüs de Jonge (; born 26 September 1977) is a Dutch politician serving as Minister of Housing and Spatial Planning since 2022 in the Fourth Rutte cabinet. A member of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), he was elected to its leade ...

Hamit Karakus Hamit Karakus (born 22 February 1965) is a Turkish-Dutch politician, who has a seat in the Senate and previously served as an alderman in Rotterdam. He is a member of the Labour Party (PvdA). Born in Turkey, Karakus grew up in Steenwijk and ...

, Jantine Kriens,

Antoinette Laan Antoinette José Marie Laan-Geselschap (born 6 April 1965 in Enschede) is a Dutch politician, who served in the House of Representatives for the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie) from October 2017 ...

and Korrie Louwes ( Dominic Schrijer resigned on May 17, 2011).

City executive 2014 - 2018

The city board of mayor and aldermen was formed by three parties:

(right-wing populistic), D66 (social-liberal), and CDA (christian-democratic).

were:

Joost Eerdmans Bernard Johannes "Joost" Eerdmans (born 9 January 1971) is a Dutch politician, broadcaster and former civil servant who has served as Leader of JA21 since 18 December 2020, a party he co-founded with Annabel Nanninga. Elected to the House of R ...

, Pex Langenberg, Ronald Schneider, Maarten Struijvenberg and

Adriaan Visser Adriaan is the Dutch and Afrikaans spelling of the given name Adrian. Before the 19th century the spelling Adriaen was also common, and people used the spelling interchangeably. Adriaan may refer to: People Artists * Adriaen Backer (1635–1684) ...

City executive 2018 - 2022

The city board of mayor and aldermen was formed by seven parties:

(conservative liberal), D66 (social liberal), GL (green left), PvdA (social democratic), CDA (Christian democratic), and CU- SGP (conservative Christian). Alder(wo)men were: # Judith Bokhove (GL) # Arno Bonte (GL) # Christine Eskes (CDA) - replacement of Sven de Langen # Arjan van Gils (D66) # Michiel Grauss (CU-SGP) # Vincent Karremans (VVD) - replacement of Bert Wijbenga # Said Kasmi (D66) # Bas Kurvers (VVD) # Richard Moti (PvdA) # Roos Vermeij (PvdA) - replacement of Barbara Kathmann

City executive 2022 - 2026

In 2022,

(right-wing populistic) have again won the elections and have formed a coalition with

(conservative liberal), D66 (social liberal) and

DENK Denk may refer to: People *Jeremy Denk (born 1970), American classical pianist * Michael K. Denk, Canadian professor of chemistry * Paula Denk (1908–1978), German actress *Ralph Denk (born 1973), German cyclist and cycling manager *Ulrike Denk ( ...

(multicultural).

Mayors

The mayor (of Rotterdam) is part of the city executive and chairs the city council. Current mayor is

Ahmed Aboutaleb Ahmed Aboutaleb ( ar, أحمد أبو طالب; born 29 August 1961) is a Dutch politician of Moroccan origin, he is of the Labour Party (PvdA) and a journalist. He has been the Mayor of Rotterdam since 5 January 2009. Early life and career ...

( PvdA). Mayors since World War II: *

Pieter Oud Pieter Jacobus Oud (5 December 1886 – 12 August 1968) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) party and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) ...

(1945–1952) *

Gerard van Walsum Gerard Ewout van Walsum (21 February 1900 – 27 July 1980) was a Dutch politician of the PvdA. He was both a member of the House of Representatives and the Senate, councilor and alderman of Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on ...

(1952–1965) *

Wim Thomassen Willem "Wim" Thomassen Nickname "Dux". (3 October 1909 – 16 June 2001) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). Thomassen was born in Amsterdam. He was a schoolteacher and during World War II imprisoned by the Germans in Amsterdam ...

(1965–1974) * André van der Louw (1974–1981) *

Bram Peper Abraham "Bram" Peper (13 February 1940 – 20 August 2022) was a Dutch politician of the Labour Party (PvdA). Early life After finishing the Hogere Burgerschool, Peper studied social sciences at the University of Amsterdam until 1965 and eco ...

(1982–1998) *

Ivo Opstelten Ivo Willem Opstelten (born 31 January 1944) is a retired Dutch politician and jurist. He is a member of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD). Opstelten applied at Leiden University in May 1963 majoring in Law and obtaining an Bach ...

(1999–2009) *

(2009–present)

Boroughs

Until 19 March 2014, Rotterdam's fourteen boroughs had the formal status of submunicipalities ('' deelgemeenten'') under the Dutch Municipalities Act. The submunicipalities were responsible for many activities that previously had been run by the central city. The idea was to bring the government closer to the people. All submunicipalities had their own ''deelgemeenteraad'' ('submunicipal council'), direct elected by the borough's inhabitants. The district councils enjoyed far-reaching autonomous decisionmaking powers in many policy areas. Only affairs pertaining the whole city such as major infrastructural projects remained within the jurisdiction of by the central municipal council. In 2014, the submunicipalities were abolished by law, but Rotterdam maintained its boroughs. The district councils were replaced with smaller, but still directly elected ''gebiedscommissies'' ('area committees'). The area committees no longer have autonomous powers, but instead act primarily as advisory and participatory bodies for the central municipal council. The fourteen boroughs of Rotterdam are: The port areas are governed directly by the central municipality.

Annexations and reclassifications

The city of Rotterdam was especially strong growth since 1850. Initially they tried to accommodate the population within existing municipal boundaries, but this soon proved inadequate. Therefore, sequentially neighboring municipalities annexed or she had to cede territory to Rotterdam. An overview of these

annexation Annexation (Latin ''ad'', to, and ''nexus'', joining), in international law, is the forcible acquisition of one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. It is generally held to be an illegal act ...

s and reclassifications: * 1816 municipality

Cool Cool commonly refers to: * Cool, a moderately low temperature * Cool (aesthetic), an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, and style Cool or COOL may also refer to: Economics * Country of origin labelling * mCOOL - US consumer legislation to enforc ...

annexed. * 1870 won territory of the municipalities Charlois, IJsselmonde and Katendrecht* serving ports and urban expansion on the current Kop van Zuid. * 1886: annexation of the town Delfshaven (13,651 inhabitants) * 1895: annexation of municipalities Charlois (12,154 inhabitants) and Kralingen (21,132 inhabitants), also won territory of the municipalities IJsselmonde and Overschie * 1903 won territory of the municipality Overschie * 1904 won territory of the municipality Hillegersberg * 1909 won territory of the municipality of

Schiedam Schiedam () is a city and municipality in the west of the Netherlands. It is located in the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area, west of Rotterdam, east of Vlaardingen, and south of Delft. In the south the city is connected with the village ...

* 1914 won territory of the municipalities

's-Gravenzande s-Gravenzande is a town in the province of South Holland, in the Netherlands. It is a part of the municipality of Westland, and lies about southwest of The Hague. Until 2004 it was a separate municipality and covered an area of 20.77 km2 (of ...

(Hook of Holland village, population 2964),

Naaldwijk Naaldwijk () is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Westland, and lies about 10 km southwest of The Hague. Naaldwijk lies in the heart of Westland. The largest economic sector is greenhouse ho ...

and

* 1926 won territory of the municipality of Schiedam * 1934: annexation of municipalities Hoogvliet (1331 inhabitants) and Pernis** (4988 inhabitants), also won territory of the municipalities

Poortugaal 200px, View of Poortugaal. 200px, Portuguese flag. image:Poortugaal_wapen.svg, 200px, Coat of arms of Poortugaal, Because the names Poortugaal and Portugal and the weapons of both show great similarities, it is suspected that inhabitants of th ...

Rhoon 200px, Castle Rhoon 200px, frameless Rhoon is a village that borders the municipality of the city of Rotterdam, South Holland, the Netherlands. According to its history it was established in 1199 and was ruled by the ''lords of Duiveland''. ...

and Schiedam * 1939 won territory of the municipalities 's-Gravenzande and Naaldwijk * 1940 won territory of the municipalities Schiedam and Overschie * 1941: annexation of municipalities Hillegersberg (25,638 inhabitants), IJsselmonde (9183 inhabitants), Overschie (11,639 inhabitants) and Schiebroek (8030 inhabitants), also territories from the municipalities of

Barendrecht Barendrecht () is a town and municipality in the west of the Netherlands, near Rotterdam, South Holland. The municipality had a population of in , and covers an area of of which is water. The municipality of Barendrecht also includes Barendrec ...

Berkel en Rodenrijs 270px, Town sign Berkel en Rodenrijs () is a town and former municipality in the municipality of Lansingerland, in the province of South Holland, The Netherlands. The town is very close to ROTTERDAM History Berkel en Rodenrijs was founded in t ...

Capelle aan den IJssel Capelle aan den IJssel (; en, Capelle on the IJssel) is a small city and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of in , and covers an area of , of which is water. It is situ ...

Kethel en Spaland Kethel en Spaland is a former municipality in the Dutch province of South Holland. It was located to the north of the city of Schiedam, and covered the village of Kethel and the hamlet Kandelaar. Kethel en Spaland was a separate municipality unti ...

(both annexed by Schiedam), Rozenburg, Schiedam and

Vlaardingen Vlaardingen () is a city in South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located on the north bank of the Nieuwe Maas river at the confluence with the Oude Maas. The municipality administers an area of , of which is land, with residents in . Geogr ...

* 1953 won and lost territory to the municipality of Schiedam * 1966 won territory of the municipalities of

Geervliet Geervliet is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Nissewaard, and lies about 6 km northwest of Spijkenisse on the Brielse Meer. It received city rights in 1381. Geervliet was a separate munici ...

, Heenvliet, Rozenburg,

Spijkenisse Spijkenisse () is a city in the province of South Holland, Netherlands. Following an administrative reform in 2015, it is part of the municipality of Nissewaard, and has a population of 72,500. It covers an area of of which is water. It is part ...

and

Sienna Sienna (from it, terra di Siena, meaning "Siena earth") is an earth pigment containing iron oxide and manganese oxide. In its natural state, it is yellowish brown and is called raw sienna. When heated, it becomes a reddish brown and is call ...

serving the

Europoort Europoort (, en, Eurogate, also "Europort") is an area of the Port of Rotterdam and the adjoining industrial area in the Netherlands. Being situated at Southside of the mouth of the rivers Rhine and Meuse with the hinterland consisting of the ...

* 1972 won and lost territory to the municipality

Oostvoorne Oostvoorne is a town in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Westvoorne, and lies about north of Hellevoetsluis. In 2001, the town of Oostvoorne had 5,403 inhabitants, the built-up area of the town was , and ...

and won territory of the State (North) serving the

Maasvlakte The Maasvlakte () is a massive man-made westward extension of the Europoort port and industrial facility within the Port of Rotterdam. Situated in the municipality of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the Maasvlakte is built on land reclaimed fr ...

* 1976 won and lost territory to the municipality Rhoon * 1978 won and lost territory to the municipality Capelle aan den IJssel and territory from the municipality of Zevenhuizen * 1980 won territory of the municipalities of

Brielle Brielle (), also called Den Briel in Dutch and Brill in English, is a town, municipality and historic seaport in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, on the north side of the island of Voorne-Putten, at the mouth of the New ...

, Rozenburg and Oostvoorne * 1985 won territory of the municipalities and Poortugaal, Rozenburg (new housing east of Hoogvliet, 17,032 inhabitants) and lost to the municipality

Albrandswaard Albrandswaard () is a municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of as of , and covers an area of of which is water. The municipality of Albrandswaard consists of the village o ...

(which was recorded simultaneously Poortugaal) * 1995 won territory of the municipalities of

Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel Nieuwerkerk aan den IJssel (; population: 22,344 in 2004) is a town and former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. Since 2010 it is part of the new municipality of Zuidplas. It is situated along the Holland ...

and

Zevenhuizen-Moerkapelle Zevenhuizen-Moerkapelle () is a former municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality was formed on January 1, 1991, through the merger of Moerkapelle and Zevenhuizen. It was initially called Moerhuiz ...

serving the Vinex Nesselande district, also lost territory to

Ridderkerk Ridderkerk () is a town and municipality in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of in and covers an area of of which is covered by water. The municipality of Ridderkerk also includes th ...

* 1997 won territory of the municipality of

* 2001 won and lost territory to the municipality

* 2010: annexation of the town

(ca. 12,500 inhabitants). * The municipality Katendrecht in 1873 annexed by the municipality Charlois ** The city annexed Pernis in 1834 the town 's-Gravenambacht

International relations

Rotterdam has the following city and port connections throughout the world: * 14 Sister Cities * 13 Partner Cities * 4 Sister Ports

Twin towns – sister cities

Rotterdam is twinned with: *

Cologne Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western States of Germany, state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 m ...

, Germany 1958 *

Esch-sur-Alzette Esch-sur-Alzette (; lb, Esch-Uelzecht ; german: Esch an der Alzette or ''Esch an der Alzig'') is the second city of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and the country's second-most populous commune, with a population of 35,040 inhabitants, . It lies ...

, Luxembourg 1958 *

Lille Lille ( , ; nl, Rijsel ; pcd, Lile; vls, Rysel) is a city in the northern part of France, in French Flanders. On the river Deûle, near France's border with Belgium, it is the capital of the Hauts-de-France Regions of France, region, the Pref ...

, France 1958 *

Turin Turin ( , Piedmontese language, Piedmontese: ; it, Torino ) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in Northern Italy. It is the capital city of Piedmont and of the Metropolitan City of Turin, and was the first Italian capital ...

, Italy 1958 Turin City Hall – International Affairs
Retrieved on 2008-01-26. *

Liège Liège ( , , ; wa, Lîdje ; nl, Luik ; german: Lüttich ) is a major city and municipality of Wallonia and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from b ...

, Belgium 1958 *

Burgas Burgas ( bg, Бургас, ), sometimes transliterated as ''Bourgas'', is the second largest city on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in the region of Northern Thrace and the fourth-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna, with a popu ...

, Bulgaria 1976 *

Constanța Constanța (, ; ; rup, Custantsa; bg, Кюстенджа, Kyustendzha, or bg, Констанца, Konstantsa, label=none; el, Κωνστάντζα, Kōnstántza, or el, Κωνστάντια, Kōnstántia, label=none; tr, Köstence), histo ...

, Romania 1976 *

Gdańsk Gdańsk ( , also ; ; csb, Gduńsk;Stefan Ramułt, ''Słownik języka pomorskiego, czyli kaszubskiego'', Kraków 1893, Gdańsk 2003, ISBN 83-87408-64-6. , Johann Georg Theodor Grässe, ''Orbis latinus oder Verzeichniss der lateinischen Benen ...

, Poland 1977 *

Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...

, China 1979 *

Havana Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.

, Cuba 1983 *

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

, Russia 1966 *

Baltimore Baltimore ( , locally: or ) is the List of municipalities in Maryland, most populous city in the U.S. state of Maryland, fourth most populous city in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, and List of United States cities by popula ...

, Maryland, USA 1985 *

Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas (, ; ), officially Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, is a Spanish city and capital of Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands, on the Atlantic Ocean. It is the capital (jointly with Santa Cruz de Tenerife), the most populous city in the auton ...

, Spain *

Dresden Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth larg ...

, Germany 1988 *

Istanbul Istanbul ( , ; tr, İstanbul ), formerly known as Constantinople ( grc-gre, Κωνσταντινούπολις; la, Constantinopolis), is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, ...

, Turkey 2005 *

Surabaya Surabaya ( jv, ꦱꦸꦫꦧꦪ or jv, ꦯꦹꦫꦨꦪ; ; ) is the capital city of the Provinces of Indonesia, Indonesian province of East Java and the List of Indonesian cities by population, second-largest city in Indonesia, after Jakarta. L ...

, Indonesia *

Szeged Szeged ( , ; see also #Etymology, other alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the third largest city of Hungary, the largest city and regional centre of the Southern Great Plain and the county seat ...

, Hungary *

Kuching Kuching (), officially the City of Kuching, is the capital and the most populous city in the States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Sarawak in Malaysia. It is also the capital of Kuching Division. The city is on the Sarawak River ...

, Malaysia

Partner cities

* Hull, United Kingdom 1936 *

Antwerp Antwerp (; nl, Antwerpen ; french: Anvers ; es, Amberes) is the largest city in Belgium by area at and the capital of Antwerp Province in the Flemish Region. With a population of 520,504,

, Belgium 1940 *

Basel , french: link=no, Bâlois(e), it, Basilese , neighboring_municipalities= Allschwil (BL), Hégenheim (FR-68), Binningen (BL), Birsfelden (BL), Bottmingen (BL), Huningue (FR-68), Münchenstein (BL), Muttenz (BL), Reinach (BL), Riehen (BS ...

, Switzerland 1945 *

Oslo Oslo ( , , or ; sma, Oslove) is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. The municipality of Oslo had a population of in 2022, while the city's greater urban area had a population of ...

, Norway 1945Partners – Oslo kommune
*

Duisburg Duisburg () is a city in the Ruhr metropolitan area of the western German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Lying on the confluence of the Rhine and the Ruhr rivers in the center of the Rhine-Ruhr Region, Duisburg is the 5th largest city in Nor ...

, Germany 1950 *

Nuremberg Nuremberg ( ; german: link=no, Nürnberg ; in the local East Franconian dialect: ''Nämberch'' ) is the second-largest city of the German state of Bavaria after its capital Munich, and its 518,370 (2019) inhabitants make it the 14th-largest ...

, Germany 1961 *

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

, Indonesia 1983 *

Osaka is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan. It is the capital of and most populous city in Osaka Prefecture, and the third most populous city in Japan, following Special wards of Tokyo and Yokohama. With a population of 2. ...

, Japan 1984 *

Budapest Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...

, Hungary 1991 *

Bratislava Bratislava (, also ; ; german: Preßburg/Pressburg ; hu, Pozsony) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Slovakia. Officially, the population of the city is about 475,000; however, it is estimated to be more than 660,000 — approxim ...

, Slovakia 1991 *

Durban Durban ( ) ( zu, eThekwini, from meaning 'the port' also called zu, eZibubulungwini for the mountain range that terminates in the area), nicknamed ''Durbs'',Ishani ChettyCity nicknames in SA and across the worldArticle on ''news24.com'' from ...

, South Africa 1991 *

Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...

, Czech Republic 1991 *

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...

, Argentina 1990

Sister ports

References

{{Authority control