Giancarlo Giannini (born 1 August 1942) is an Italian actor and voice actor. He won the
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor
The Best Actor Award (french: Prix d'interprétation masculine) is an award presented at the Cannes Film Festival since 1946. It is given to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance and chosen by the jury from the films in official co ...
Romeo and Juliet
''Romeo and Juliet'' is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about the romance between two Italian youths from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetim ...
'' and ''
A Midsummer Night's Dream
''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' is a comedy written by William Shakespeare 1595 or 1596. The play is set in Athens, and consists of several subplots that revolve around the marriage of Theseus and Hippolyta. One subplot involves a conflict amon ...
Quantum of Solace
''Quantum of Solace'' is a 2008 spy film and the twenty-second in the List of James Bond films, ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions. It is the sequel to Casino Royale (2006 film), ''Casino Royale'' (2006). Directed by Marc Forst ...
'' (2008). He is also a dubbing artist, contributing voice work to the Italian-language versions of dozens of films since the 1960s. He has been the official Italian dubber of
Al Pacino
Alfredo James Pacino (; ; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor. Considered one of the most influential actors of the 20th century, he has received numerous accolades: including an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, and two Primetime Emmy ...
La Spezia
La Spezia (, or , ; in the local Spezzino dialect) is the capital city of the province of La Spezia and is located at the head of the Gulf of La Spezia in the southern part of the Liguria region of Italy.
La Spezia is the second largest city ...
and he spent most of his childhood in the settlement of Pitelli. In 1952, Giannini and his family moved to Naples where he received a diploma in electronic engineering at the Alessandro Volta Technological State Technical Institute. During his teen years, he moved to Rome and studied at the Accademia Nazionale di Arte Drammatica Silvio D'Amico.
Acting career
Stage
Giannini made his stage debut at the age of 18, opposite Lilla Brignone in ''In memoria di una signora amica,'' directed by Giuseppe Patroni Griffi. His breakthrough came when he was cast by Franco Zeffirelli in a production of ''
Romeo and Juliet
''Romeo and Juliet'' is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about the romance between two Italian youths from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetim ...
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor
The Best Actor Award (french: Prix d'interprétation masculine) is an award presented at the Cannes Film Festival since 1946. It is given to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance and chosen by the jury from the films in official co ...
for his performance in '' Love and Anarchy'' (1973). In 1976, he starred in '' Seven Beauties'', for which he was nominated for the
Academy Award for Best Actor
The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It is given to an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role in a film released that year. The ...
. Giannini is known for his starring roles in films directed by Lina Wertmüller. In addition to ''Seven Beauties'' and '' Swept Away'', he also appeared in '' The Seduction of Mimi'', '' Love and Anarchy'', ''A Night Full of Rain'', and ''Francesca e Nunziata''.
Giannini has also achieved some international success. His fluency in English has brought him a number of featured roles in Hollywood productions, most notably as Inspector Pazzi in ''
Hannibal
Hannibal (; xpu, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋, ''Ḥannibaʿl''; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Puni ...
horror film
Horror is a film genre that seeks to elicit fear or disgust in its audience for entertainment purposes.
Horror films often explore dark subject matter and may deal with transgressive topics or themes. Broad elements include monsters, apoca ...
René Mathis
This is a list of allies of ''James Bond'' who appear throughout the film series and novels.
MI6
M
M is a Rear Admiral of the Royal Navy, and the head of the Secret Intelligence Service. Fleming based the character on a number of peop ...
Quantum of Solace
''Quantum of Solace'' is a 2008 spy film and the twenty-second in the List of James Bond films, ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions. It is the sequel to Casino Royale (2006 film), ''Casino Royale'' (2006). Directed by Marc Forst ...
'' (2008).
In 2009, Giannini received a star on the Italian Walk of Fame in Toronto, Canada. He is currently set to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame
The Hollywood Walk of Fame is a historic landmark which consists of more than 2,700 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood, Californ ...
Al Pacino
Alfredo James Pacino (; ; born April 25, 1940) is an American actor. Considered one of the most influential actors of the 20th century, he has received numerous accolades: including an Academy Award, two Tony Awards, and two Primetime Emmy ...
. Both he and Ferruccio Amendola were the primary dubbers of Pacino until Amendola's death in 2001 when Giannini became the main voice dubber. He also dubbed Jack Nicholson's voice as Jack Torrance in the Italian release of '' The Shining'' and the Joker in ''
Batman
Batman is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in Detective Comics 27, the 27th issue of the comic book ''Detective Comics'' on ...
Wall Street
Wall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It runs between Broadway in the west to South Street and the East River in the east. The term "Wall Street" has become a metonym for t ...
Gérard Depardieu
Gérard Xavier Marcel Depardieu, CQ (, , ; born 27 December 1948) is a French actor, filmmaker, businessman and vineyard owner since 1989 who is one of the most prolific thespians in film history having completed over 250 films since 1967 alm ...
Ian McKellen
Sir Ian Murray McKellen (born 25 May 1939) is an English actor. His career spans seven decades, having performed in genres ranging from Shakespearean and modern theatre to popular fantasy and science fiction. Regarded as a British cultural i ...
in some of their work.
In Giannini's animated roles, he voiced Carl Fredricksen (voiced by Ed Asner) in the Italian dub of the Pixar film '' Up''. He also provided the Italian voice of Raul Menendez in the ''
Call of Duty
''Call of Duty'' is a first-person shooter video game Media franchise, franchise published by Activision. Starting out in 2003, it first focused on games set in World War II. Over time, the series has seen games set in the midst of the Cold W ...
'' game franchise. Outside of dubbing, he provided a voice role in the 2001 Italian animated film '' Momo'' in which he voiced the main antagonist.
Other ventures
Aside from acting, Giannini took up inventing as a hobby. Some of the gadgets he designed were used in the 1992 film '' Toys'' starring Robin Williams. Giannini also collaborated with Gabriella Greison on his memoir ''Sono ancora un bambino'' which was published by Longanesi in 2014. A year later, he received the Premio Cesare Pavese.
In 2012 he collaborated with italian singer
Eros Ramazzotti
Eros Walter Luciano Ramazzotti (; born 28 October 1963) is an Italian pop singer, musician and songwriter. He is popular in Italy and most European countries, and throughout the Spanish-speaking world, as he has released most of his albums in bo ...
in "Io sono te", from his album ''Noi''.
Personal life
From 1967 until 1975, Giannini was married to actress Livia Giampalmo and they had two children. Their eldest son was Lorenzo, who died in 1987 from an aneurysm shortly before his 20th birthday. Their second-born son is actor Adriano Giannini, who played his father's role in the 2002 remake of ''Swept Away''.
Since 1983, he has been married to Eurilla del Bono and they have two sons, Emanuele and Francesco who are musicians.
Arabella
''Arabella'', Op. 79, is a lyric comedy, or opera, in three acts by Richard Strauss to a German libretto by Hugo von Hofmannsthal, their sixth and last operatic collaboration.
Performance history
It was first performed on 1 July 1933 at the Dr ...
The Pizza Triangle
''The Pizza Triangle'' ( it, Dramma della gelosia (tutti i particolari in cronaca) and also released as ''Drama of Jealousy'') is a 1970 Italian commedia all'italiana film directed by Ettore Scola and written by Scola and the famous screenwriter du ...
Hector the Mighty
''Hector the Mighty'' ( it, Ettore lo fusto) is a 1972 Italian comedy film directed by Enzo G. Castellari. A parody of Homer's ''Iliad'' set in modern times, it is loosely based on the 1966 novel ''Le roi des Mirmidous'' by Henri Viard and Bernard ...
'' (1972) as Ulisse
* '' The Seduction of Mimi'' (a.k.a. ''Mimi metallurgico ferito nell'onore'') (1972) as Carmelo Mardocheo detto Mimí
* ''Don Camillo e i giovani d'oggi'' (1972) as Veleno
* ''
La prima notte di quiete
''La prima notte di quiete'' is a 1972 romantic drama film directed by Valerio Zurlini. It stars Alain Delon, Sonia Petrovna, Renato Salvatori, Alida Valli, Adalberto Maria Merli, Salvo Randone and Lea Massari. The version released in France and W ...
'' (1972) as Giorgio Mosca aka 'Spider'
* '' Love and Anarchy'' (1973) as Antonio Soffiantini 'Tunin'
* '' It Was I'' (1973) as Biagio Solise
* '' The Sensual Man'' (1973) as Paolo Castorini
* '' How Funny Can Sex Be?'' (1973) as Domenico ("Signora sono le 8") / Cesaretto ("Due cuori e una baracca") / Enrico ("Non è mai troppo tardi") / Lello ("Viaggio di nozze") / Giansiro ("Torna piccina mia") / The Donor ("Lavoratore italiano all'estero") / Michele Maccò ("La vendetta") / Saturnino ("Un amore difficile") / Dottor Bianchi ("L'ospite")
* '' Drama of the Rich'' (1974) as Tullio Murri
* '' The Beast'' (1974) as Nino Patrovita
* '' Swept Away'' (1974) as Gennarino Carunchio
* '' The Immortal Bachelor'' (1975) as Gino Benacio
* '' Seven Beauties'' (1975) (a.k.a. ''Pasqualino Settebellezze'') as Pasqualino Frafuso aka Settebellezze (Nomination Academy Award for best actor)
* '' The Innocent'' (1976) as Tullio Hermil
* ''
A Night Full of Rain
''A Night Full of Rain'' ( it, La fine del mondo nel nostro solito letto in una notte piena di pioggia; literal English translation: ''The end of the world in our usual bed on a night full of rain'') is a 1978 Italian American film directed by Li ...
Snack Bar Budapest
''Snack Bar Budapest'' is a 1988 Italian neo-noir comedy film written and directed by Tinto Brass and starring Giancarlo Giannini. It is based on the novel with the same title by Marco Lodoli and Silvia Bre.- -
Plot
A disbarred lawyer (Giancarlo ...
Blood Red
The colour blood red is a dark shade of the colour red meant to resemble the colour of human blood (which is composed of oxygenated red erythrocytes, white leukocytes, and yellow blood plasma). It is the iron in hemoglobin specifically that gi ...
Celluloide
''Celluloide'' is a 1996 Italian historical drama film directed by Carlo Lizzani from a screenplay by Furio Scarpelli, Ugo Pirro and Lizzani, based on the 1983 novel of the same name by Pirro. It stars Giancarlo Giannini, Massimo Ghini, Anna Falch ...
'' (1996) as Sergio Amidei
* '' The Elective Affinities'' (1996) as Narrator (voice)
* '' The Border'' (1996) as Von Zirkenitz
* '' La lupa'' (1996) as Padre Angiolino
* '' The Disappearance of Garcia Lorca'' (1996) as Taxi
* ''Ultimo bersaglio'' (1996) as Leo Steiner
* ''Más allá del jardín'' (1996) as Bernardo
* ''Cervellini fritti impanati'' (1996)
* '' Mimic'' (1997) as Manny
* ''Una vacanza all'inferno'' (1997) as Avv. Ortega
* ''
Heaven Before I Die
''Heaven Before I Die'' is a 1997 indie comedy film written and directed by Izidore Musallam and starring Andy Velasquez, Giancarlo Giannini, Joanna Pacula and Omar Sharif.
Plot
This is the story of an outcast named Jacob, a Palestinian. Jacob's ...
'' (1997) as Thief
* '' The Dinner'' (1998) as Professore
* ''
Dolce far niente
"Dolce far niente" (literally “sweet doing nothing, sweet idleness”) is an Italian saying.
See also
* Critique of work
* Dolce far niente (poem)
* Dolce vita
Dolce vita or la dolce vita is Italian for "the sweet life." It may refer to: ...
'' (1998) as Count Nencini
* ''
The Room of the Scirocco
''The Room of the Scirocco'' ( it, La stanza dello scirocco) is a 1998 Italian romantic comedy film written and directed by Maurizio Sciarra. It is based on the novel with the same name by Domenico Campana. The film won two Nastro d'Argento Award ...
'' (1998) as Marquis of Acquafurata
* ''Vuoti a perdere'' (1999) as Francesco Cesena
* '' Milonga'' (1999) as Commissioner
* ''Terra bruciata'' (1999) as Macrì
* ''
Una noche con Sabrina Love
''Una noche con Sabrina Love'' (A Night With Sabrina Love) is a 2000 Argentine, Spanish, Italian, French, and Dutch film, written and directed by Alejandro Agresti. The film is based on the Pedro Mairal novel.
The film was produced by Pablo B ...
'' (2000) as Leonardo
* '' Viper'' (2000) as Guastamacchia
* ''Welcome Albania'' (2000)
* ''
Hannibal
Hannibal (; xpu, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋, ''Ḥannibaʿl''; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Puni ...
'' (2001) as Inspector Pazzi
* ''Una lunga lunga lunga notte d'amore'' (2001) as Marcello
* '' CQ'' (2001) as Enzo
* '' The Whole Shebang'' (2001) as Pop Bazinni
* '' Momo'' (2001) as Capo degli Uomini Grigi (voice)
* '' I Love You Eugenio'' (2002) as Eugenio
* ''
Ciao America
''Ciao America'' is a 2002 American-Italian comedy-drama film directed by Frank Ciota.
Cast
* Eddie Malavarca as Lorenzo Primavera
*Maurizio Nichetti as Giulio Fellini
* Violante Placido as Paola Angelini
* Nathaniel Marston as Skip Cromwell ...
'' (2002) as Zi' Felice
* '' The Bankers of God: The Calvi Affair'' (2002) as Flavio Carboni
* '' Joshua'' (2002) as The Pope
* '' Darkness'' (2002) as Albert Rua
* '' The Council of Egypt'' (2002) as Narrator (voice)
* ''Mario Monicelli, l'artigiano di Viareggio'' (2002) as Himself
* ''
Incantato
''Incantato'' ( it, Il cuore altrove, also known as ''The Heart Is Elsewhere'' or ''The Heart Is Everywhere'') is a 2003 Italian drama film directed by Pupi Avati. It was entered into the 2003 Cannes Film Festival.
Cast
* Neri Marcorè as Nello ...
'' (2003) as Cesare
* '' My House in Umbria'' (2003, TV Movie) as Inspector Girotti
* '' Five Moons Square'' (2003) as Branco
* ''L'acqua... il fuoco'' (2003) as David
* '' Forever'' (2003) as Giovanni
* '' Man on Fire'' (2004) as Miguel Manzano
* ''
13 at a Table
''13 at a Table'' ( it, 13dici a tavola, also known as ''Tredici a tavola'') is a 2004 Italian comedy film written and directed by Enrico Oldoini.
It was entered into the main competition at the 2005 Tokyo International Film Festival.
Cast
...
Tirant lo Blanc
''Tirant lo Blanch'' ( ; modern spelling: ''Tirant lo Blanc'') is a chivalric romance written by the Valencian knight Joanot Martorell, finished posthumously by his friend Martí Joan de Galba and published in the city of Valencia in 1490 as an ...
'' (2006) as Emperor of Visantia
* ''Salvatore – Questa è la vita'' (2006) as Timpaliscia
* '' Casino Royale'' (2006) as
René Mathis
This is a list of allies of ''James Bond'' who appear throughout the film series and novels.
MI6
M
M is a Rear Admiral of the Royal Navy, and the head of the Secret Intelligence Service. Fleming based the character on a number of peop ...
* ''Milano Palermo – Il ritorno'' (2007) as Turi Leofonte
* ''
Bastardi
''Bastardi'' is a 2008 Italian film directed by Federico Del Zoppo and Andres Alce Meldonado.
Cast
* Franco Nero: René Iuvara
* Barbara Bouchet: Carmen Iuvara
* Don Johnson: Sante Patene
* Giancarlo Giannini: il Gatto/Carlo
* Éva Henger: ...
'' (2008) as Il Gatto
* ''
Quantum of Solace
''Quantum of Solace'' is a 2008 spy film and the twenty-second in the List of James Bond films, ''James Bond'' series produced by Eon Productions. It is the sequel to Casino Royale (2006 film), ''Casino Royale'' (2006). Directed by Marc Forst ...
'' (2008) as
René Mathis
This is a list of allies of ''James Bond'' who appear throughout the film series and novels.
MI6
M
M is a Rear Admiral of the Royal Navy, and the head of the Secret Intelligence Service. Fleming based the character on a number of peop ...
* ''La bella società'' (2010) as Dott. Guarrasi
* ''La prima notte della luna'' (2010) as Ivan
* ''Omamamia'' (2012) as Lorenzo
* ''AmeriQua'' (2013) as Don Cesare Ferracane
* '' Ti ho cercata in tutti i necrologi'' (2013) as Nikita
* ''Promakhos'' (2014, directed by Coerte Voorhees, John Voorhees) as Petros
* ''Shades of Truth'', (2015, directed by Liana Marabini) as Aaron Azulai
* ''On Air: Storia di un successo'' (2016) as Presidente
* ''Il ragazzo della Giudecca'' (2016) as Giudice Mangrella
* ''Prigioniero Della Mia Liberta'' (2016)
* ''Oggi a te... domani a me'' (2016)
* ''Nobili bugie'' (2017) as Franco
* '' The Neighborhood'' (2017) as Gianluca Moretti
* '' Tulipani, Love, Honour and a Bicycle'' (2017) as Catarella
* ''Pipi, Pupu & Rosemary: the Mystery of the Stolen Notes'' (2017) as Narrator (voice)
* ''Liubov pret-a-porte'' (2017) as Giorgio's father
* '' The Catcher Was a Spy'' (2018) as Professor Eduardo Amaldi
* ''
Magical Nights
''Notti magiche'' (''Magical Nights'') is an Italian comedy film directed by Paolo Virzì, an homage to the season of the Italian-style comedy.
Plot
On 3 July 1990, during the semi-final between Italy and Argentina at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, ...
Verrocchio
Andrea del Verrocchio (, , ; – 1488), born Andrea di Michele di Francesco de' Cioni, was a sculptor, Italian painter and goldsmith who was a master of an important workshop in Florence. He apparently became known as ''Verrocchio'' after the su ...
Glengarry Glen Ross
''Glengarry Glen Ross'' is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984. The play shows parts of two days in the lives of four desperate Chicago real estate agents who are prepared to engage in any number of unethical, illegal acts ...
City Hall
In local government, a city hall, town hall, civic centre (in the UK or Australia), guildhall, or a municipal building (in the Philippines), is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. It usually houses ...
''
*
Richard III
Richard III (2 October 145222 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battl ...
Benjamin "Lefty" Ruggiero
Lefty Ruggiero (born Benjamin Ruggiero; April 19, 1926 – November 24, 1994) was an American mobster in the Bonanno crime family. He is well known for his friendship and mentorship of FBI undercover agent Joseph D. Pistone. When Pistone's ope ...
in ''
Donnie Brasco
Joseph Dominick Pistone (born September 17, 1939), is an American former FBI agent who worked undercover as Donnie Brasco between September 1976 and July 1981, as part of an infiltration primarily into the Bonanno crime family, and to a lesser ...
''
*John Milton /
Satan
Satan,, ; grc, ὁ σατανᾶς or , ; ar, شيطانالخَنَّاس , also known as Devil in Christianity, the Devil, and sometimes also called Lucifer in Christianity, is an non-physical entity, entity in the Abrahamic religions ...
Simone
Simone may refer to:
* Simone (given name), a feminine (or Italian masculine) given name of Hebrew origin
* Simone (surname), an Italian surname
Simone may also refer to:
* ''Simone'' (1918 film), a French silent drama film
* ''Simone'' (1926 fi ...
Shylock
Shylock is a fictional character in William Shakespeare's play ''The Merchant of Venice'' (c. 1600). A Venetian Jewish moneylender, Shylock is the play's principal antagonist. His defeat and conversion to Christianity form the climax of the ...
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. Produced by Columbia Pictures, Bona Film Group, Heyday Films, and Visiona Romantica and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing, it is a ...
''
*
Jimmy Hoffa
James Riddle Hoffa (born February 14, 1913 – disappeared July 30, 1975; declared dead July 30, 1982) was an American labor union leader who served as the president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) from 1957 until 1971.
F ...
Batman
Batman is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in Detective Comics 27, the 27th issue of the comic book ''Detective Comics'' on ...
''
*David Locke in '' The Passenger''
*Jimmy Hoffa in '' Hoffa''
*Jerry Black in ''
The Pledge
Pledge may refer to:
Promises
* a solemn promise
* Abstinence pledge, a commitment to practice abstinence, usually teetotalism or chastity
* The Pledge (New Hampshire), a promise about taxes by New Hampshire politicians
* Pledge of Allegian ...
Wall Street
Wall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It runs between Broadway in the west to South Street and the East River in the east. The term "Wall Street" has become a metonym for t ...
Richard III
Richard III (2 October 145222 August 1485) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty. His defeat and death at the Battl ...
Romeo and Juliet
''Romeo and Juliet'' is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about the romance between two Italian youths from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetim ...
Georges Danton
Georges Jacques Danton (; 26 October 1759 – 5 April 1794) was a French lawyer and a leading figure in the French Revolution. He became a deputy to the Paris Commune, presided in the Cordeliers district, and visited the Jacobin club. In Augus ...
The Count of Monte Cristo
''The Count of Monte Cristo'' (french: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an adventure novel written by French author Alexandre Dumas (''père'') completed in 1844. It is one of the author's more popular works, along with ''The Three Musketeers''. Li ...
''
*
Joseph Fouché
Joseph Fouché, 1st Duc d'Otrante, 1st Comte Fouché (, 21 May 1759 – 25 December 1820) was a French statesman, revolutionary, and Minister of Police under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, who later became a subordinate of Emperor Napoleon. He ...
in ''
Napoléon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
Evilenko
''Evilenko'' is a 2004 English-language Italian crime horror thriller film very loosely based on the Soviet serial killer Andrei Chikatilo. Written and directed by David Grieco, the film stars Malcolm McDowell, Marton Csokas, and Ronald Pickup.
...
David di Donatello
The David di Donatello Awards, named after Donatello's ''David'', a symbolic statue of the Italian Renaissance, are film awards given out each year by the ''Accademia del Cinema Italiano'' (The Academy of Italian Cinema). There are 26 award cat ...
* Grand Officer (2nd Class), Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2003)
* Knight Grand Cross (1st Class), Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2007)