The Galleria Estense is an art gallery in the heart of Modena, centred around the collection of the d’Este family: rulers of Modena, Ferrara and Reggio from 1289 to 1796. Located on the top floor of the ''Palazzo dei Musei'', on the St. Augustine square, the museum showcases a vast array of works ranging from fresco and oil painting to marble, polychrome and terracotta sculpture; musical instruments;

numismatics Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects. Specialists, known as numismatists, are often characterized as students or collectors of coins, but the discipline also inclu ...

; curios and decorative antiques. It was publicly established in 1854 by the last duke Francesco V of Austria-Este, and was relocated in 1894 to its current situation from the Palazzo Ducale. Since 2014, the Gallery has formed a part the Gallerie Estensi, an independent complex of museums merging the Estense University library, and the Lapidary Museum in Modena, the Palazzo Ducale in Sassuolo and the

Pinacoteca Nazionale List of national galleries is a list of national art galleries. {{tocright Africa * Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa *National Art Gallery of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia The Americas *Galería Nacional, San Juan, Puer ...

in Ferrara. Together, they reflect the progressing tastes of an Italian court of nobility.

Description

The Estense Gallery consists of sixteen exhibition rooms with four large salons arranged thematically. The collection houses an eclectic range of oeuvres executed by both notable and local artists. Although for the most part centred around Italian painters, it also includes a modest number of Flemish, German and French artworks (Workshop of van Eyck;

Aelbrecht Bouts Aelbrecht Bouts (1452 - March 1549) was a Flemish painter of the Early Netherlandish era. His first name is sometimes spelled ‘Albert’, ‘Aelbert’ or ‘Albrecht’. He was born into a family of painters in Leuven. Aelbrecht’s father ...

;

Charles Le Brun Charles Le Brun (baptised 24 February 1619 – 12 February 1690) was a French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and a director of several art schools of his time. As court painter to Louis XIV, who declared him "the greatest French artist ...

), as well as non-Western examples from Sierra Leone and Persia. Among the decorative objects of note, the mannerist "Estense Harp" stands out. A rare musical instrument, the double harp's 148 cm were crafted entirely by hand through a collaboration between five Ferrarese and Flemish artists: Giacometti, Marescotti, Bastarolo,

Rosselli Rosselli is an Italian surname. People Notable people with the surname include: *Alfonso Patiño Rosselli (1923–1985), Colombian jurist and diplomat *Amelia Pincherle Rosselli (1870 – 1954), Italian writer *Amelia Rosselli (1930–1996), an It ...

and Lamberti. It then comes as no surprise that it featured on Italian 1,000 lire banknotes next to Verdi from 1961 to 1981. The gallery also houses a ''Madonna and Child'' and a ''Telamon'' by the Modenese sculptor

Wiligelmo Wiligelmo (also known as Wiligelmus, Gulielmo da Modena, Cousin of Elmo or Guglielmo da Modena) was an Italian sculptor active between c. 1099 and 1120. He was the first sculptor in Italy to produce large-format sculptures and sign his work. Wil ...

, an 18th century coral nativity scene and a still-life carved in wood celebrating the ascension of

James II of England James VII and II (14 October 1633 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Re ...

Galleria estense, sala del seicento emiliano 02

History

Cesare I

In 1598, the duchy seat in Ferrara was forced to yield to

Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII ( la, Clemens VIII; it, Clemente VIII; 24 February 1536 – 3 March 1605), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 February 1592 to his death in March 1605. Born ...

and the capital of the dukedom was relocated to Modena. Duke Cesare tried to bring with him as much of the Este inheritance as possible, including many cases full of rare and precious objects. As for the remaining works in Ferrara, Cesare, who was perhaps not as fond of art patronage as his ancestors, did not hesitate to donate large parts of the collection to seek favour with powerful political figures, notably the Cardinal Borghese and the Austrian Emperor.

Francesco I

Francesco I, successor of Alfonso III, was a man of great ambition. He was determined to both regain Ferrara and restore the artistic atmosphere characteristic of the Ferrarese court in Modena. For the new capital of the diminished duchy of Modena and Reggio, he envisioned an imposing ducal residence, entrusting the project to

Bartolomeo Avanzini Bartolomeo Avanzini (1608–1658) was an Italian architect of the Baroque period, active mainly in Modena, Sassuolo Sassuolo (; egl, label= Modenese, Sasól ) is an Italian town, ''comune'', and industrial centre of the Province of Modena i ...

. The Roman architect was advised by

Bernini Gian Lorenzo (or Gianlorenzo) Bernini (, , ; Italian Giovanni Lorenzo; 7 December 159828 November 1680) was an Italian sculptor and architect. While a major figure in the world of architecture, he was more prominently the leading sculptor of his ...

, whose engagement with the Pope prevented him from accepting the task.During a diplomatic trip to Spain, Francesco had his portrait painted by

Diego Velázquez Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez (baptized June 6, 1599August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter, the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV of Spain and Portugal, and of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the ...

, a work which remains a precious treasure of the Estense collection. An equally revered marble portrait executed by

now welcomes viewers entering the gallery. Not only does it effortlessly capture the duke's likeness and ''bravura'', Bernini also never once laid eyes on his subject in the flesh, using effigies by

Justus Sustermans Justus Sustermans, Joost Sustermans or Suttermans, his given name Italianised to Giusto ( Antwerp, 28 September 1597 – Florence, 23 April 1681), was a Flemish painter and draughtsman who is mainly known for his portraits. He also painted histo ...

and

Jean Boulanger Jean Boulanger may refer to: * Jean Boulanger (painter) (1606–1660), French painter * Jean Boulanger (engraver) (1607–1680), French line-engraver See also * Jean-Claude Boulanger Jean-Claude Ézechiel Jean-Baptiste Boulanger (born 1 March 19 ...

as prompts instead. To overcome the reluctance of the sculptor, who in a letter to the duke’s brother, Cardinal Rinaldo, judged the task as not only extremely difficult but reckless, an exorbitant sum of 3000 ''scudi'' was offered, the exact amount paid to Bernini by the

Pope Innocent X Pope Innocent X ( la, Innocentius X; it, Innocenzo X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 15 September 1644 to his death in Januar ...

for his Four Rivers Fountain in Rome. Other valuable works donated or purchased by the duke joined the collection at this time, such as paintings by

Paolo Veronese Paolo Caliari (152819 April 1588), known as Paolo Veronese ( , also , ), was an Italian Renaissance painter based in Venice, known for extremely large history paintings of religion and mythology, such as ''The Wedding at Cana'' (1563) and ''The ...

, Salvator Rosa, Hans Holbein and another marble bust by Bernini, this time dedicated to his lover. Ever the art lover, Francesco began appropriating paintings from churches and monasteries within the duchy: a habit to be routinely adopted by his successors in the years to come. The works were replaced by second-rate copies, often veiled from the eyes of the priests who tried to resist. Pieces by Correggio, Parmigianino and

Cima da Conegliano Giovanni Battista Cima, also called Cima da Conegliano (c. 1459 – c. 1517), was an Italian Renaissance painter, who mostly worked in Venice. He can be considered part of the Venetian school, though he was also influenced by Antonello da ...

all entered into the ducal collection in this way.

Francesco I's successors

Francesco's son Alfonso IV was the first to open the gallery to the public. His wife Laura Martinozzi, granddaughter of

Cardinal Mazzarino Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

, became regent to the duchy on the death of her husband, given their son, Francesco II, was only two years old. The duchess did not contribute to the gallery purchases, dedicating herself for the most part to charitable works and the construction of churches and convents, with the aim of repairing a state severely affected by the outbreak of plague and the

Thirty Years War The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of battle ...

. The gallery was not enriched, but depleted during the successive reigns of Francesco II. In order to raise funds, the duke decided to sell the finest pieces of the collection to Augustus III of Poland for the considerable sum of 100,000 Venetian ''zecchini'' (the equivalent of around 650 kg of gold). Thus, in July 1746, works by Giulio Romano, Andrea del Sarto, Rubens, Velázquez, Holbein, Titian, Parmagianino, Correggio,

Guercino Giovanni Francesco Barbieri (February 8, 1591 – December 22, 1666),Miller, 1964 better known as Guercino, or il Guercino , was an Italian Baroque painter and draftsman from Cento in the Emilia region, who was active in Rome and Bologna. The ...

Guido Reni Guido Reni (; 4 November 1575 – 18 August 1642) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, although his works showed a classical manner, similar to Simon Vouet, Nicolas Poussin, and Philippe de Champaigne. He painted primarily religi ...

, Carracci, and many others embarked for Dresden. Such works may still be admired in the Gemäldegalerie today. Neither was Rinaldo I, his uncle successor, able to enrich the duchy artistically. Ercole III and his predecessor, Francesco III, used the same pillaging method as Francesco I to salvage the gallery: depredating the duchy’s churches (Carpi, Reggio, Modena), but also aided by the use of raw impositions. One such example lies with Niccolò dell’Abbate’s frescoes detached from the walls of the

Rocca di Scandiano Rocca may refer to: * Rocca (surname) * Rocca (fortification), a fortifiable stronghold *Rocca (crater), a lunar crater *Rocca (French rapper) (born 1975), French–Colombian rapper Places ;Municipalities ('' comuni'') of Italy * Rocca Canaves ...

, from which some paintings also arrived.

Napoleonic interlude

Such was the reputation of the d’Este collections, (the French ''letterato'' Charles de Brosses considered it "undoubtedly the finest in Italy”) it also attracted the eye of Napoleon. At the Armistice of Cherasco, he decreed that twenty of the Estensi paintings should return to Paris as ample payment for expenses of war incurred during his Italian campaign from 1796 to 1815. After a few months, the number increased to seventy. This period marks the most significant ransacking of Modena’s collections of paintings, drawings, archival books, and the d'Este's glyptic collection. On October 14, 1796, Napoleon entered Modena with two new commissars, Garrau and Saliceti. Both went several times to sift through the Gallery of Drawings and Medals in the Palazzo Ducale, selecting works cited by visitors to the palace. Gilded enamel cameos and engraved semi-precious stones were sent to the Louvre and to their own estates. Some drawings were delegated to Modena's Academy of Fine Arts for didactic purposes, however an overwhelming amount were sent to Paris, where they have remained ever since. Of the previously enviable selection reflecting high Renaissance practices which included the likes of Correggio, Parmagianino, Giulio Romano, Perino del Vaga, the Carracci brothers, Botticelli's '' Calumny of Apelles,'' and a ''Judgement of Solomon'' by the workshop of

Mantegna Mantegna is a surname. Notable people with the name include: * Andrea Mantegna ( – 1506), Italian painter * Gia Mantegna (born 1990), American actress * Joe Mantegna (born 1947), American actor See also * Mantegna Tarocchi The Mantegna Tarocc ...

, only 700 remain. Currently housed in storage in Modena, the digital collection may now be viewed on the gallery's website. On 17 October, 94 volumes were chosen to be transferred from the ducal library to the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, including numerous manuscripts and ancient codices. Napoleon personally took two 16th to 18th-century editions of

Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (; ; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC), was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, an ...

's '' Commentarii'' whilst rapidly passing through Modena. As for the collection of coins, the Bibliothèque received 900 imperial bronze coins, 124 of which were from Roman colonies; 10 silver; 31 incised; as well as 44 Greek and 103 from the Papal mint. Napoleon’s wife

Joséphine Josephine may refer to: People * Josephine (given name), a given name (including a list of people with the name) * Josephine (singer), a Greek pop singer Places * Josephine, Texas, United States * Mount Josephine (disambiguation) * Josephine C ...

followed suite. During her sojourn in Modena's Palazzo Ducale in February 1797, she was unsatisfied with merely 'looking at' the numismatic collection. The empress took about two hundred, in addition to those selected by the court members of her husband who accompanied her. Numerous paintings of the Emilian school such as

’s altarpiece depicting Modena’s patron saints (1651) and his ''St. Paul'' (1644), as well as ''The Purification of the Virgin'' by

, ''The Virgin Appears to Saints Luke and Catherine'' (1592) by

Annibale Carracci Annibale Carracci (; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an Italian painter and instructor, active in Bologna and later in Rome. Along with his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of t ...

, ''The Dream of Job'' (1593) by Cigoli, ''The Mocking of Christ'' by Gianbologna and others never returned. It is estimated that 1,300 pictures were exported to the Louvre.

Restoration

From his exile in Treviso, Ercole III sold various objects he had brought with him, but he also made some additions to the gallery, in an attempt to remedy the Napoleonic plundering. With the restoration of duke Francesco IV of Hapsburg-Este in Modena came the recovering of many important works. Only 21 paintings previously part of the Estense collection returned to Modena, in addition to two new paintings acquired as remuneration by

. On the backdrop of the Church's diminishing status came the growing trend for art collection as a means of upholding the local authority of the nobility. Francesco IV thus contributed works to the gallery from nearby towns through the tried and tested Estense method of looting churches. In 1822, a newfound interest in early Italian "Primitive" paintings prompted the acquisitions from the rich collection of Marquis Tommaso degli Obizzi, including works by Barnaba da Modena, Apollonio di Giovanni, Bartolomeo Bonascia and Francesco Bianchi Ferrari. His son Francesco V also made some new purchases and reopened the gallery relocated during the reign of his father to the Palazzo Ducale.

From 1859 to today

With the unification of Italy in 1859, the Este line came to an end. During the transition there were inevitably some losses and thefts. Luigi Carlo Farini, reigning dictator over the Modenese provinces on behalf of the Savoy government, was accused by some of having appropriated valuables kept in the Palazzo Ducale in which he and his government resided, although it is as of yet unclear on what grounds such allegations were made. In 1879, the palace became the headquarters of the

Military Academy A military academy or service academy is an educational institution which prepares candidates for service in the officer corps. It normally provides education in a military environment, the exact definition depending on the country concerned. ...

, depriving the city of its use. The gallery was forced to relocate to the eighteenth-century palace built by Francesco III, now known as the ''Palazzo dei Musei'', where it coexists with the Lapidary Museum, the

Civic Museum and Archives Civic is something related to a city or municipality. It also can refer to multiple other things: General *Civics, the science of comparative government *Civic engagement, the connection one feels with their larger community *Civic center, a comm ...

on the ground floor and the

Estense library The Biblioteca Estense ('' Estense Library''), was the family library of the marquis and dukes of Este. The exact date of the library's birth is still under speculation, however it is known for certain that the library was in use during the fourte ...

on the third floor. The gallery's itinerary has undergone several rearrangements over the years, with the curation of the rooms remaining in a constant state of revision. A notably recent change occurred following the earthquake in May 2012. After a three year renovation period, it was reopened to the public in 2015. Never-before-seen works were retrieved from storage, new lighting and a microclimate system supporting the conservation of exhibits and digital displays were installed, ensuring the Estense Gallery remains a nucleus of culture to both locals and tourists travelling off the beaten track on their way from Venice to Rome.

Collection

* ''Bust of St. Monica'' by Niccolo dell'Arca * ''Nativity with the Two Midwives'' by

Pellegrino Aretusi Pellegrino Aretusi (ca. 1460–1523), also known as Pellegrini de Modena and as Pellegrino Munari, was an Italian painter who was born in Modena, Italy. His early instruction was from his father Giovanni Munari. About 1509, Pellegrino went to ...

*''Tancred baptizes Clorinda'' by Sisto Badalocchio *Terracotta sculptures by

Antonio Begarelli Antonio Begarelli, also known as Begarino (1499–1565) was an Italian sculptor. He was born at Modena, and is said to have been instructed by Giovanni dell'Abbate, the father of the painter Niccolò. Begarelli worked chiefly in Modena, where m ...

*'' Bust of Francesco I d'Este'' by Gian Lorenzo Bernini *''Crucifixion'' and ''St. Christopher'' by

*Miniatures by Anna Campori *Engraved portrait miniature by Rosalba Carriera *''Madonna and Child with St. Anne'' by Joos van Cleve *''Lamentation with St. Francis and St. Bernardino'' by Cima da Congeliano *''Madonna Campori'' and others by Correggio *''The Nativity'' by Battista Dossi *''The Jester; panels from Alfonso d'Este's Bedroom Ceiling;'' ''Ercole d'Este'' and others by Dosso Dossi *''

Modena Triptych The ''Modena Triptych'' is 1568 triptych (three panel painting) by the artist El Greco, who was also known as ''Doménikos Theotokópoulos''. This portable altarpiece is painted on both sides and has an Italian Renaissance frame. The front dep ...

'' by El Greco *''Hercules on Horseback'', sculpture by Bertoldo di Giovanni *''Madonna and Child'' by follower of Jan Gossaert *A Carrara marble Guitar and Harpsichord by Michele Antonio Grandi *''Martyrdom of St. Peter''; ''Venus, Cupid and Mars'' and others by

*''Portrait of the poet Fulvio Testi'' by Ludovico Lana *''Moses Defends Jethro's Daughters; The Marriage of Moses and Zipporah'' by

*''Portrait of Francis of Valois-Angouleme'' by

Corneille de Lyon Corneille de Lyon (early 16th century – 8 November 1575 (buried)) was a Dutch painter of portraits who was active in Lyon, France, from 1533 until his death. In France and the Netherlands he is also still known as ''Corneille de La Haye'' ( ...

*''Lucretia, Brutus and Collatinus'' by

Gianfrancesco Maineri Giovanni Francesco Maineri or Gianfrancesco de' Maineri (active 1489–1506) was an Italian painter of the Renaissance, active in Ferrara. Putatively born in Parma to a painter Pietro de Maineri. He worked in Ferrara for the ruling Este family. H ...

*Portraits and ''Henry IV at Canossa'' by

Adeodato Malatesta Adeodato Malatesta (May 6, 1806 – December 24, 1891) was an Italian painter, trained in a grand Neoclassical style, depicting mostly of sacred and historic subjects. Biography He was born in Modena. His father was a captain in the Granducal arm ...

*Portable polyptychs by

Tommaso Tommaso is an Italian given name. It has also been used as a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name A * Tommaso Acquaviva d'Aragona (1600–1672), Roman Catholic prelate * Tommaso Aldrovandini (1653–1736), Italian painter of ...

and Barnaba da Modena *''Martyrdom of St. Catherine'' by Lelio Orsi *''Madonna and Child'' by Domenico Panetti *Landscapes attributed to Antonio Francesco Perruzzini *''Christ Crucified'' by

*''Ecstasy of St. Francis; The Fortune Teller'' by

Lionello Spada Leonello Spada (also called ''Lionello Spada'') (1576 – 17 May 1622) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active in Rome and his native city of Bologna, where he became known as one of the followers of Caravaggio. Biography He fi ...

*Scenes from Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'' by Tintoretto *''St. Anthony of Padua'' by Cosimo Tura *''Adoration of the Magi'' by Palma Vecchio *''Portrait of

Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena Francesco I d'Este (6 September 1610 – 14 October 1658) was Duke of Modena and Reggio from 1629 until his death. The eldest son of Alfonso III d'Este, he became reigning duke after his father's abdication. Biography The pestilence of 1630– ...

'' by

*''San Geminiano Organ Shutter panels'' by

*''The Dance of Hours'' by

Giuseppe Zattera Giuseppe Zattera (1826-1891) was an Italian painter, mainly depicting landscapes and vedute, but also some sacred subjects. He was born in Legnago in the province of Verona, but studied from 1840-1852 at the Institute of Fine Arts of Modena under ...

*Roundels from Virginia de' Medici's Apartment in the Palazzo dei Diamanti by the Carracci brothers *A collection of fresco cycles from the

by Niccolò dell'Abate and from the

Rocca di Novellara Rocca may refer to: *Rocca (surname) *Rocca (fortification), a fortifiable stronghold *Rocca (crater), a lunar crater *Rocca (French rapper) (born 1975), French–Colombian rapper Places ;Municipalities (''comuni'') of Italy *Rocca Canavese, i ...

by Lelio Orsi.

Key works

File:Guido Reni - Crocifissione. Galleria Estense Modena.JPG, alt=Wili,

'', Christ Crucified'', 1636. File:Galleria Estense -Busto del Bernini.JPG, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, ''Portrait of Francesco I d'Este'', 1650-1. File:Friuli o tirolo, sella da parata con le armi di ercole I d'este, post 1474 (galleria estense) 01.jpg, ''Parade saddle'', 1470-80. File:Manifattura corinzia o magno-greca, kouros, 490 ac ca.jpg, ''Kouros'', early 5th century B.C. File:Boy with Thorn, marble, 150 AD, Antikensammlung Berlin, Sk 485, 141765.jpg, ''Boy with thorn'', late 1st century B.C. File:Guido mazzoni, testa di vecchio, 1480-85 ca. 01.jpg, Guido Mazzoni, ''Head of an old man'', 1480-5. File:Ludovico carracci, assunzione della vergine, 1607 ca.jpg, Ludovico Carracci, ''The Assumption of the Virgin'', 1607. File:Arte romana, rilievo con aion-phanes entro lo zodiaco, 150 dc ca., probabilmente da un mitreo.jpg, ''Relief with Aion-Phanes'', 125-50 AD. File:Bartolomeo bonascia, pietà, 1475-95 ca. 02.jpg, Bartolomeo Bonascia, ''Pietà,'' 1475-95 File:Cosmè Tura 009.jpg,

Cosmè Tura Cosmê Tura (c. 1430 – 1495), also known as Il Cosmè or Cosimo Tura (), was an Italian early-Renaissance (or Quattrocento) painter and considered one of the founders of the School of Ferrara (Painting), School of Ferrara. Biography Formati ...

, ''Saint Anthony of Padua'', 1484–88 File:Francesco Bianchi Ferrari - Pala delle Tre Croci.jpg, Francesco Bianchi Ferrari, ''Crucifixion,'' 1485-90. File:Correggio, madonna campori.jpg, Correggio, ''Madonna Campori,'' 1517-8. File:Paolo Veronese - St Mennas - WGA24810.jpg,

, ''Saint Menna,'' 1558-61. File:El greco, altarolo portatile, 1567-68, 01.jpg, El Greco, ''Portable Altarpiece,'' 1567-8. File:Annibale Carracci - Venere e Cupido Modena.jpg,

, ''Venus and Cupid,'' 1592. File:Jacopo Tintoretto - Deucalion and Pyrrha Praying before the Statue of the Goddess Themis - WGA22663.jpg,

Jacopo Tintoretto Tintoretto ( , , ; born Jacopo Robusti; late September or early October 1518Bernari and de Vecchi 1970, p. 83.31 May 1594) was an Italian painter identified with the Venetian school. His contemporaries both admired and criticized the speed wit ...

, ''Scenes from Ovid's Metamorphoses,'' 1541-5. File:Guercino Marte Venere Cupido.jpg,

, ''Venus, Mars and Cupid,'' 1633. File:Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena in 1638 by Diego Velázquez.jpg,

, ''Portrait of Francesco I d'Este'', 1638. File:Antonio begarelli, madonna col bambino, 1540 ca.jpg,

, ''The Virgin and Child,'' c.1535. File:Ignaz elhafen, piatto da parata con raffigurazioni marine, 1670-80 ca, avorio, madreperla, corno e legno (modena, gallerie estensi) 01.jpg, Ignaz Elhafen (?), ''Platter with sea scenes,'' 1670-80. File:Grinling gibbons, vanitas (allegoria della morte di re carlo II stuart d'inghilterra), 1685 ca. 04 teschio.jpg, Grinling Gibbons, ''Vanitas,'' c.1685. File:Manifattura trapanese, presepe in corallo, argento, legno e metallo dorato, xviii secolo, 05.jpg,

Trapani workshop Trapani ( , ; scn, Tràpani ; lat, Drepanum; grc, Δρέπανον) is a city and municipality (''comune'') on the west coast of Sicily, in Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Trapani. Founded by Elymians, the city is still an impor ...

, ''Nativity Scene,'' 18th century. File:Cerchia di giovan battista giacomelli, arpa doppia, 1581, decorata nel 1587-88, con fregio del 1588-93, 01.jpg, Giovanni Battista Giacometti, Giulio Marescotti,

el Bastarolo EL, El or el may refer to: Religion * El (deity), a Semitic word for "God" People * EL (rapper) (born 1983), stage name of Elorm Adablah, a Ghanaian rapper and sound engineer * El DeBarge, music artist * El Franco Lee (1949–2016), American ...

, ''Estense Harp'', 1581-93. File:Domenico galli e liutaio ignoto, violoncello, 1691, 01.jpg, Domenico Galli, ''Cello'', 1691. File:CdM, pisanello, medaglia di leonello d'este 1441-1443 verso.jpg, Pisanello, ''Medal of Leonello d'Este,'' c.1440. File:Giovanni di paolo, adorazione del bambino, 1430-40 ca.jpg,

Giovanni di Paolo Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia (''c.'' 1403–1482) was an Italian painter, working primarily in Siena, becoming a prolific painter and illustrator of manuscripts, including Dante's texts. He was one of the most important painters of the 15th ce ...

, ''Adoration of the Christ child'', c.1430-40. File:Dosso dossi, formelle del soffitto della camera da letto di alfonso I d'este, 1520-22, ebbrezza.jpg, Dosso Dossi, ''The Ceiling of Alfonso I's Bedroom'', 1520-22. File:Wiligelmo, madonna dei cattania, 1100-1120 ca., dalla sagra di carpi 01.jpg, ''Madonna and Child,'' Wiligelmo, c.1100-20. File:Apollonio di giovanni, novella di griselda, 1440 ca. 01.jpg, ''The Tale of Griselda'', Apollonio of Giovanni, c.1440. File:Passerotti Vecchia che ride Galleria Estense Modena.JPG, ''Head of an Old Woman'' Passerotti Bartolomeo, c.1575-80

References

Bibliography

* Luigi Amorth, ''Modena capitale: storia di Modena e dei suoi duchi dal 1598 al 1860'', Martello Editore, Milano, 1973 * Jadranka Bentini, ''Disegni della Galleria Estense di Modena,'' Panini, Modena, 1989. * Herman van Bergeijk, "The first half of the seventeenth century: from the castle to the palace" in ''The Ducal Palace of Modena, seven centuries of a city space'', edited by A. Biondi, Modena 1987. * Maria Grazia Bernardini, ''La Galleria Estense di Modena: guida storico-artistica'', Cinisello Balsamo, Silvana Editoriale, 2006, . * Giorgio Bonsanti, ''Galleria Estense'', Banca popolare di Modena, Modena, 1977 * Stefano Casciu (ed.), (trans. David Kerr),''The Galleria Estense in Modena: a brief guide'', Franco Cosimo Panini, Modena, 2015, . * Stefano Casciu; Sonia Cavicchioli; Elena Fumagalli, ''Modena barocca: Opere e artisti alla corte di Francesco I d'Este (1629–1658)'' Edifir Edizioni Firenze, Firenze, 2013. * Luciano Chiappini, ''Gli Estensi'', Collana ''Le grandi famiglie d'Europa'', Edizioni Dall'Olio, Milano, 1967 * Alessandra Mottola Molfino; Mauro Natale; et al., ''Le Muse e il Principe. Arte di corte del Rinascimento Padano'', catalogo della Mostra tenuta a Milano nel 1991, Franco Cosimo Panini Editore, Modena, 1991 * Angelo Namias, ''Storia di Modena e dei Paesi Circostanti,'' Arnaldo Forni Editore, Bologna, 1893. * Giuseppe Panini, ''La famiglia Estense da Ferrara a Modena'', Edizioni Armo, Modena, 1996 * Angelo Spaggiari e Giuseppe Trenti, ''The state of Modena: a capital, a dynasty, a civilization in the history of Europe,'' Vol. II, Istituto Poligrafico and Zecca dello Stato- Archivi Stato, Modena, 2001. * Adolto Venturi, ''La Galleria Estense di Modena,'' Edizioni Panini, Modena, 1989.

Pinacoteca Nazionale in Ferrara The Pinacotecta Nazionale () is an art gallery in Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located on the ''piano nobile'' (or first floor) of the Palazzo dei Diamanti, a work of Renaissance architecture by Biagio Rossetti, commissioned by Leonello ...

* Ducal Palace of Sassuolo

External links

Official websiteShort film exploring the entirety of d'Este line through shots of the gallery and highlights of its collection
''on Discover page of Official website''
House of Este page
on ''Britannica''.

on ''Este court archives.'' {{authority control Art museums and galleries in Emilia-Romagna Museums in Modena Art museums established in 1884 1884 establishments in Italy National museums of Italy