''Formula One Grand Prix'' (known as ''World Circuit'' in the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...
) is a
racing simulator
Simulated racing or racing simulation, commonly known as simply sim racing, are the collective terms for racing game software that attempts to accurately simulate auto racing, complete with real-world variables such as fuel usage, damage, tir ...
released in 1991 by
MicroProse for the
Amiga,
Atari ST and
PC created by game designer
Geoff Crammond. It is often referred to as ''Grand Prix 1'', ''MicroProse Grand Prix'', or just ''F1GP''. Although the game itself was not affiliated officially with the
FIA
FIA is the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (English: International Automobile Federation), the world's governing body for all forms of motor sport where four or more wheels are used.
Fia or FIA may also refer to: People
* Fia Backs ...
or any Formula One drivers, team liveries and driver helmets were accurate to represent the
1991 season, but the names were fictional. The game is a simulation of
Formula One
Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). The World Drivers' Championship, ...
racing at the time and was noted for its 3D graphics, remarkably high framerate (25 fps) and attention to detail, in particular the player's ability to edit the teams and drivers and set up their car to their own personal specifications. The game was ranked the 27th best game of all time by ''
Amiga Power''. ''Grand Prix''s success spawned three sequels, called ''
Grand Prix 2'', ''
Grand Prix 3
''Grand Prix 3'' is a computer racing simulator by MicroProse, released in 2000 by Hasbro Interactive.
Gameplay
The game is known for featuring the 1998 Formula One season (with all drivers except Jacques Villeneuve, who is instead replaced by ...
'' and ''
Grand Prix 4''.
Impact on the racing simulation genre
After Papyrus' ''
Indianapolis 500: The Simulation'', which was released three years earlier, it was the second serious 3D
polygon
In geometry, a polygon () is a plane figure that is described by a finite number of straight line segments connected to form a closed ''polygonal chain'' (or ''polygonal circuit''). The bounded plane region, the bounding circuit, or the two to ...
-based racing sim (that is, without
textures, except some for the scenery in the PC version). Although Indy 500 was strictly speaking first in pioneering many novel features, ''F1GP'' would make a bigger overall impression and impact because it featured Formula One race cars, and because it offered the player a complete season to compete in, featuring 16 F1 tracks to Papyrus' 1 track in Indy 500.
When ''Indy 500'' and ''F1GP'' appeared, they were the very first to implement something that resembled "real world" racing physics, accurate track modelling and car handling that required skills somewhat similar to real-world driving skills to perform well. Both were also the first to offer meaningful options to tune the behaviour of the cars. Although not quite on the level of later simulations, the most important variables, such as
gear ratio
A gear train is a mechanical system formed by mounting gears on a frame so the teeth of the gears engage.
Gear teeth are designed to ensure the Pitch circle diameter (gears), pitch circles of engaging gears roll on each other without slipping, pr ...
s,
tyre compounds and
wing settings were available to tune and, more importantly, proved to make an actual difference when driving. Important were also the functional rearview mirrors and an "instant replay" system with a wide range of adjustable camera settings not seen in other games of the era. In addition, action replays would automatically change camera position and angle according to what was happening on track, a feature which is unavailable in leading F1 licensed games in 2019.
Despite several continuity hiccups, the game offered a completely new experience for players at the time. The accurately modelled tracks meant that the player could actually recognise their location on the real-life circuit. The detailed physics engine provided a more realistic driving experience than had been seen before, drivers could easily experience the differences in handling depending on how the player entered a corner and how soon or late accelerated out of it. Unlike other racing simulations of the time, the accuracy of the simulation actually made the 1/1000 of a second chronometer meaningful, as races could be won or lost by a few thousandths of a second. Vitally, the combination of graphics and physics meant players could actually "feel" whether they were driving fast or slow, and could predict how the car would respond. Even details such as tyre wear were modelled throughout the race, qualifying tyres are an extreme example of this: players could not drive more than a couple of laps without beginning to lose grip and eventually spinning out on nearly every corner.
Together with the 16 tracks and the atmosphere-packed rendition of complete Grand Prix weekends, it made ''F1GP'' a favourite with Formula One and racing sim fans for many years, and is still referred to occasionally in current reviews as a classic benchmark.
Two more aspects worth mentioning are the "driving help" features, the ability to drive easily with the keyboard or another controller, and the availability of automatic transmission on most cars. ''F1GP'' was built on a system that allowed for an almost perfect learning-curve. Depending on which driving assistances were activated, the game covered playability from a pure arcade-racer level up to the most advanced sim-level available at the time. Players could choose to activate innovative help-functions like "
brake-assistance" which would apply the brakes in time for a corner, displaying an "ideal line" on the tarmac to help learning the layout of a track, suggestions for the optimum gear, and others. Perhaps the most impressive achievements in that respect were the "steering help" and "
throttle
A throttle is the mechanism by which fluid flow is managed by constriction or obstruction.
An engine's power can be increased or decreased by the restriction of inlet gases (by the use of a throttle), but usually decreased. The term ''throttle'' ...
assistance". At the time ''F1GP'' was released, analogue steering wheels were far from mainstream. Even
joysticks were still mostly digital, and in that respect no different from a keyboard. In order to compensate for the strict ''on-off'' nature of digital controllers, Geoff Crammond implemented a method to 'smoothen' the inputs. "Throttle assistance" prevented wheel spin when going on the gas. "Steering help" smoothened the steering actions (as an indication, one would experience cars steering slightly into corners all on their own when this help was activated). This was a subtle exercise, as it could give the impression of cars driving themselves when implemented too strongly. As experience showed, a balance was found, which turned ''F1GP'', and its successors, into a racing game that could be fully enjoyed and played well via digital input devices.
As an aside, it is illustrative for the depth of the game that people actually learned to overcome the need for "Throttle Assistance" when using the keyboard, and discovered that disabling it and applying the right techniques enabled "digital" drivers to go faster (at the expense of tyre wear). To this day F1GP remains a unique and world leading example in providing a learning curve that caters from the utter driving novice to the very advanced sim-driver.
Limitations
Despite these great achievements, ''F1GP'' also contained a flaw that was considered irrelevant at first, but would later seriously compromise the potential of the game and its successors.
Geoff Crammond wrote the game long before the era of
DirectX,
OpenGL and 3D acceleration video cards, so ''F1GP'' was built around a proprietary 3D engine that ran in software. This engine was set up in such a way that a fixed frame rate had to be chosen (up to 25.6 frame/s on the PC version), and the game would at all times try to render the specified number of frames.
The result was that the engine would never drop frames when the CPU couldn't handle the rendering in realtime. Instead, gametime itself was slowed down. The software itself provided an option to display the CPU-load, pressing the "o" key. When this was higher than 100%, the game was no longer working in realtime. This would become known in the community as the infamous "slow-motion driving". Since the rendering was obviously dependent on the complexity of the scene, this also meant that one could experience slowdowns of the action only on certain parts of certain tracks, or when there were many cars around (for example at the start).
The game did provide options to eliminate trackside details; (CTRL-D), and in addition one could also choose a lower framerate to avoid the problem altogether. It also has to be understood that gamers didn't have quite the same expectations of framerates as nowadays. The unmatched quality of the 3D representations in itself was enough to impress people, so the actual impact on single-player gaming was not seen as important.
Later in the game's life, this effect became a larger issue. The ''Grand Prix'' series never offered solid multiplayer network support, largely due to this design choice. "Real time" in the game could differ between different players, and this conflicted with the all-important synchronization in a multiplayer context. The effect could also be misused to artificially slow down the action, and exploit the extra reaction time that became available to the player that way. Although largely irrelevant if one played the game on one's own, it was problematic for online competitions (see below).
Successors ''
Grand Prix 3
''Grand Prix 3'' is a computer racing simulator by MicroProse, released in 2000 by Hasbro Interactive.
Gameplay
The game is known for featuring the 1998 Formula One season (with all drivers except Jacques Villeneuve, who is instead replaced by ...
'' and ''
Grand Prix 4'' offered LAN-play and were even hacked to be playable over the
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
, but never performed reasonably. Even when the first boom of 3D acceleration chipsets revolutionized gaming, the concept was not reworked as this would have required a large rewrite of the game engine, and remained a problem (although less so because of the available computer power).
Another exploitable flaw lay in the physics engine, which only took account of horizontal collisions and ignored vertical velocity when calculating damage. Thus, it was possible to use the rumble strips on some tracks to launch the car into the air, bypassing chicanes, and land without damaging the car.
Historical online gaming and community
''F1GP'' was among the first wave of games that had a busy online community. The first competitions were organized via online services like
CompuServe in 1993, with driver Ivan establishing a secure presence at the top of leaderboards. F1GP crossed over to the wider Internet once these became mainstream.
The racing didn't actually happen online. ''F1GP'' only offered
modem
A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by Modulation#Digital modulati ...
play. Thus, the competitions were based on submitted save-games of races and practice laps. These were then used in competitions around complete (or partial) races on the one hand, and so called "Hotlap Competitions" on the other hand. Often, the races followed the schedule of the real world Formula One competition.
The community spawned a host of mods, making the game highly customizable for its time. Liveries, car-performance and the performance of the computer-opponents, camera-settings and many other settings could be edited. First attempts at a track-editor emerged, but this would only become reality after the arrival of the successor ''Grand Prix 2''. In 1994, the Amiga version of F1GP benefitted from a game editor called F1GP-Ed. Whilst this was not the first editor made for the Amiga, it proved to be the most evolved and widely adopted over time.
Because of the possibilities to edit the performance of the car, or to make other aspects of the game favour the player, there were also a lot of utilities to check for cheats. These could handle just about every possible trick that was available, except one: the mentioned "slow-motion driving" effect. The game didn't store the
CPU-load data, which could be displayed via a function key, in any save game file. There was no way to exclude the possibility that someone maximized the graphics detail on purpose to force a slowdown of the action.
In practice, ''F1GP'' was already an 'older' game when online competitions appeared. This meant that most used computers could easily handle the highest detail at the highest
framerate
Frame rate (expressed in or FPS) is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images ( frames) are captured or displayed. The term applies equally to film and video cameras, computer graphics, and motion capture systems. Frame rate may also be ...
. As such, ''F1GP''-based competitions were actually not hit by the "slow-mo" cheat. Both because the communities were small, and because the CPU-power surplus meant that the effect and its possible usefulness as a way to cheat were less well known.
Its successor ''Grand Prix 2'' though, was notorious for its high CPU-demands. When it appeared, there were no systems available that could handle it at full detail. Most people had difficulty finding a good compromise between details and smooth framerate, and the majority were likely playing in moderate slow-motion without being aware.
When the ''Grand Prix 2'' community materialized and exploded far beyond what ''F1GP'' ever offered, it soon became apparent that some participants in the competitions submitted results that were totally unrealistic.
Telemetry
Telemetry is the in situ collection of measurements or other data at remote points and their automatic transmission to receiving equipment (telecommunication) for monitoring. The word is derived from the Greek roots ''tele'', "remote", an ...
-data files even showed typical signs of "slow-motion driving" (like impossibly fast gearchange speeds) but there was no way to unambiguously prove it.
This problem kept bugging the community for several years until the utility GP2LAP was developed to monitor and log the CPU load dynamically during the driving.
Play by Mail Mode
A special PBM or Play by Mail mode was introduced in ''F1GP''. Players would choose one of the drivers for the particular race and when their turn was up save the game onto floppy disk. The disk would then be sent via second class mail to other participants in the event to continue with their turn. This would again be saved and the disk mailed out to the next participant. The PBM mode could extend to include a full seasons championship.
Release
A port of ''Formula One Grand Prix'' for the
Atari Jaguar
The Atari Jaguar is a home video game console developed by Atari Corporation and released in North America in November 1993. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it competed with the 16-bit Sega Genesis, the Super NES and th ...
was in development and planned to be published by MicroProse, but it was never released.
Reception
''
Computer Gaming World'' stated that "''World Circuit'' is a winner, going away at the finish".
In 1993 the magazine named it and ''
Star Wars: X-Wing'' Simulation Game of the Year,
and in 1994 reported that of four new racing games, "there is not a ''World Circuit'' in the lot".
In 1994, ''
PC Gamer UK
''PC Gamer'' is a magazine and website founded in the United Kingdom in 1993 devoted to PC gaming and published monthly by Future plc. The magazine has several regional editions, with the UK and US editions becoming the best selling PC games ma ...
'' named it the 29th best computer game of all time. The editors praised
Geoff Crammond's past work and called ''Grand Prix'' "easily his masterpiece to date".
In 1996, ''Computer Gaming World'' declared ''World Circuit'' the 66th-best computer game ever released.
In 1996, ''
GamesMaster'' ranked the game 25th on their "Top 100 Games of All Time".
''Grand Prix'' and its
sequel
A sequel is a work of literature, film, theatre, television, music or video game that continues the story of, or expands upon, some earlier work. In the common context of a narrative work of fiction, a sequel portrays events set in the same ...
, collectively, were named the seventh best computer game of all time by ''
PC Gamer UK
''PC Gamer'' is a magazine and website founded in the United Kingdom in 1993 devoted to PC gaming and published monthly by Future plc. The magazine has several regional editions, with the UK and US editions becoming the best selling PC games ma ...
'' in 1997.
Modern-day community and online gaming
![F1GP Site homepage screenshot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/F1GP_Site_homepage_screenshot.png)
Despite the sheer age of the game and the fact that it is both technically and graphically inferior to modern
racing simulator
Simulated racing or racing simulation, commonly known as simply sim racing, are the collective terms for racing game software that attempts to accurately simulate auto racing, complete with real-world variables such as fuel usage, damage, tir ...
s, ''F1GP'' still has a small community and on-going developments relating to the game. Prior to 2008, the forefront of this community was found at the racing game website SimRacingWorld. A single section was reserved for ''F1GP'' in which community information and developments, both historical and current were available to anybody interested in the game. The last update to the ''F1GP'' section of the site was made in April 2007, and the SimRacingWorld site was shut down in March 2017. The successor to the previously illustrated website was created on 14 January 2007 and it was a
Yahoo group
Yahoo! Groups was a free-to-use system of electronic mailing lists offered by Yahoo!.
Prior to February 2020, Yahoo! Groups was one of the world's largest collections of online discussion boards. It allowed members to subscribe to various grou ...
. This portal was originally designed to augment SimRacingWorld, promoting community discussion and allowing casual players to remain aware of new developments, but it has since expanded to contain a selection of files. Up to 1 April 2018, all new community developments were made available via this portal. However, it is clear that there was significantly more material on the SimRacingWorld website than on the group and thus it cannot be seen as a complete replacement.
A new F1GP community website was launched on 1 April 2018. The website includes a mirror of all the content that was previously hosted on the SimRacingWorld website and the ''F1GP'' Yahoo group portal, as well as new developments. Alongside the website, a new discussion forum was launched. It is a
Google group
Google Groups is a service from Google that provides discussion groups for people sharing common interests. The Groups service also provides a gateway to Usenet newsgroups via a shared user interface.
Google Groups became operational in February ...
that features a forum and a mailing list. The discussion group is regularly updated with new developments.
One of the focuses of these communities has been on online multiplayer competitions. The ERace is an online multiplayer competition which uses the ''play by mail'' mode to facilitate a championship. This contest was announced on 11 October 2011 and is still running as of the current date. Competition updates are regularly posted on the Yahoo group portal for all those interested in the game to read.
In addition to the ''play by mail'' mode, a competition using a direct
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
connection between two players has also been tested. The online gaming mode utilizes the game's built-in
modem
A modulator-demodulator or modem is a computer hardware device that converts data from a digital format into a format suitable for an analog transmission medium such as telephone or radio. A modem transmits data by Modulation#Digital modulati ...
play and the serial port virtualization capabilities of the
DOSBox
DOSBox is a free and open-source emulator which runs software for MS-DOS compatible disk operating systems—primarily video games. It was first released in 2002, when DOS technology was becoming obsolete. Its adoption for running DOS games i ...
emulator program. This method of playing ''F1GP'' over a
LAN connection or over the
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
was originally tested in 2011. The method was fully documented on 1 June 2017. With the increasing speed and the decreasing latency of modern network connections, this type of multiplayer games is expected to become more relevant in the future.
Modern-day developments (2006–)
![cheq-flag-shot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Cheq-flag-shot.jpg)
Modern day developments for ''F1GP'' have largely have been limited to small-scale community updates and projects. Three developments in particular deserve notable mention. The construction of an
open-source game editor "Chequered Flag" is the first of these as it was a project of significant scale, designed to unify previous editing tools and introduce new game modification facilities. Initial progress was good and a number of screenshots were released on 3 September 2006 to give an indication of the editor construction state. This was followed on 23 December by the first release of the editor under version 0.1.0. This early version focused only on providing modification facilities for track editing. A more complete set of editing tools was anticipated, although this remains the only released version as of the current date.
![ArgEditor screenshot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/ArgEditor_screenshot.png)
The second significant development revolves around the creation of a modern game editor "ArgEditor". It represents a fresh take on an F1GP editor which works on all recent versions of the
Windows
Windows is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families developed and marketed by Microsoft. Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry. For example, Windows NT for consumers, Windows Server for ser ...
operating system. It includes almost all of the features of older game editors and expands them with new features. The editor was first introduced on 15 September 2015 under version 0.8. The features of the editor have gradually been expanded and the current stable version 1.0 has been released on 18 February 2018.
The third significant development is the "ArgTrack" track editor. It is a simple, semi-functional track editor, aimed at simplifying the track editing process. The editor was first introduced on 2 May 2018 under version 0.1.0.23.
References
External links
*
''Formula One Grand Prix''at the Hall of Light
*
*
Current F1GP Site- A fan site containing news and a full file archive, consisting of all modern and older file releases that were previously available on other sites.
Current F1GP Forum- Current game forum and mailing list.
F1GP Yahoo Web Portal- Previous game mailing list and file archive with some modern and older file releases.
F1GP Section of SimRacingWorld- Defunct portal site, containing a lot of older file releases.
Amiga F1GP Support Site- Site dedicated to the game on the Amiga platform, all previous links focus on the PC.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Formula One Grand Prix
1991 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
Cancelled Atari Jaguar games
DOS games
Formula One video games
Golden Joystick Award winners
MicroProse games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games scored by John Broomhall
Video games set in Arizona
Video games set in Australia
Video games set in Brazil
Video games set in Belgium
Video games set in Canada
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Video games set in Germany
Video games set in Hungary
Video games set in Italy
Video games set in Japan
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Video games set in the United Kingdom