The following

outline Outline or outlining may refer to: * Outline (list), a document summary, in hierarchical list format * Code folding, a method of hiding or collapsing code or text to see content in outline form * Outline drawing, a sketch depicting the outer edge ...

is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Iceland:

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

–

sovereign ''Sovereign'' is a title which can be applied to the highest leader in various categories. The word is borrowed from Old French , which is ultimately derived from the Latin , meaning 'above'. The roles of a sovereign vary from monarch, ruler or ...

island nation An island country, island state or an island nation is a country whose primary territory consists of one or more islands or parts of islands. Approximately 25% of all independent countries are island countries. Island countries are historically ...

located in the North Atlantic Ocean between

continental Europe Continental Europe or mainland Europe is the contiguous continent of Europe, excluding its surrounding islands. It can also be referred to ambiguously as the European continent, – which can conversely mean the whole of Europe – and, by ...

and

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

. It is considered part of

Northern Europe The northern region of Europe has several definitions. A restrictive definition may describe Northern Europe as being roughly north of the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, which is about 54th parallel north, 54°N, or may be based on other g ...

. It is the least populous of the

Nordic countries The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; literal translation, lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmar ...

, having a population of about 329,000 (January 1, 2015).Population - key figures 1703-2015
Statistics Iceland Iceland is volcanically and geologically active on a large scale; this defines the landscape in various ways. The interior mainly consists of a

plateau In geology and physical geography, a plateau (; ; ), also called a high plain or a tableland, is an area of a highland consisting of flat terrain that is raised sharply above the surrounding area on at least one side. Often one or more sides ha ...

characterized by sand fields,

mountain A mountain is an elevated portion of the Earth's crust, generally with steep sides that show significant exposed bedrock. Although definitions vary, a mountain may differ from a plateau in having a limited Summit (topography), summit area, and ...

s and

glacier A glacier (; ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight. A glacier forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its Ablation#Glaciology, ablation over many years, often Century, centuries. It acquires dis ...

s, while many big glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Warmed by the

Gulf Stream The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Current, North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida a ...

, Iceland has a

temperate climate In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. These zones generally have wider temperature ranges throughout t ...

relative to its

latitude In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north– south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body. Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from –90° at the south pole to 90° at the north pol ...

and provides a habitable environment and nature.

General reference

* Pronunciation:

* Common English country name:

* Official English country name:

* Common

endonym An endonym (from Greek: , 'inner' + , 'name'; also known as autonym) is a common, ''native'' name for a geographical place, group of people, individual person, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside that particular place, group, ...

(s): Ísland * Official endonym(s): Ísland * Adjectival(s): Icelandic *

Demonym A demonym (; ) or gentilic () is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (hamlet, village, town, city, region, province, ...

(s): Icelander(s) *

Etymology Etymology ()The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time". is the study of the history of the Phonological chan ...

: Name of Iceland * ISO country codes: IS, ISL, 352 * ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:IS *

Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...

country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code. All ASCII ccTLD identifiers are two letters long, and all t ...

.is .is (dot is) is the top-level domain for Iceland. The country code is derived from the first two letters of '' Ísland'', which is the Icelandic word for Iceland. Registration of .is domains is open to all people and companies without any specia ...

Geography of Iceland

Geography of Iceland * Iceland is: a Nordic island country * Land boundaries: ''none'' * Coastline: 4,970 km * Population of Iceland: 319,326 people (April 2009

estimate Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is nonetheless usable because it is der ...

) - 172nd most populous country * Area of Iceland: - 107th largest country * Atlas of Iceland

Location of Iceland

* Iceland is situated within the following regions: **

Northern Hemisphere The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator. For other planets in the Solar System, north is defined as being in the same celestial hemisphere relative to the invariable plane of the solar system as Earth's Nort ...

and

Western Hemisphere The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the prime meridian (which crosses Greenwich, London, United Kingdom) and east of the antimeridian. The other half is called the Eastern Hemisphere. Politically, the term We ...

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe ...

***

North Atlantic The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe and ...

Eurasia Eurasia (, ) is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. Primarily in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres, it spans from the British Isles and the Iberian Peninsula in the west to the Japanese archipelago a ...

***

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

****

*****

Nordic region The Nordic countries (also known as the Nordics or ''Norden''; lit. 'the North') are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic. It includes the sovereign states of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Swed ...

Time zone A time zone is an area which observes a uniform standard time for legal, Commerce, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between Country, countries and their Administrative division, subdivisions instead of ...

Coordinated Universal Time Coordinated Universal Time or UTC is the primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time. It is within about one second of mean solar time (such as UT1) at 0° longitude (at the IERS Reference Meridian as the currently used ...

UTC+00 UTC+00:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +00:00. In ISO 8601, an example of the associated time would be written as 2019-02-07T23:28:34+00:00. It is also known by the following geographical or historical names: *Greenwich Mean ...

* Extreme points of Iceland ** High: Hvannadalshnúkur ** Low: North Atlantic Ocean 0 m

Environment of Iceland

* Climate of Iceland * Renewable energy in Iceland *** Geothermal power in Iceland *

Geology of Iceland The geology of Iceland is unique and of particular interest to geologists. Iceland lies on the divergent boundary between the Eurasian plate and the North American plate. It also lies above a hotspot, the Iceland plume. The plume is believed to h ...

Earthquakes in Iceland An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves. Earthquakes can range in intensity, from ...

** Volcanism of Iceland ***

Iceland hotspot The Iceland hotspot is a hotspot which is partly responsible for the high volcanic activity which has formed the Iceland Plateau and the island of Iceland. Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world, with eruptions occur ...

*** Iceland plume *

National parks of Iceland Since 2008, Iceland has three national parks. Prior to 2008 there were four national parks in Iceland; in that year Jökulsárgljúfur and Skaftafell were merged and incorporated into Vatnajökull National Park. Vatnajökull National Park and ...

Snæfellsjökull Snæfellsjökull (, ''snow-fell glacier'') is a 700,000-year-old glacier-capped stratovolcano in western Iceland. It is situated on the westernmost part of the Snæfellsnes peninsula in Iceland. Sometimes it may be seen from the city of Reykjaví ...

** Vatnajökull ** Þingvellir * Wildlife of Iceland ** Flora of Iceland *** ''

The Botany of Iceland ''The Botany of Iceland'' is a five-volume classic scientific work on flora and vegetation of Iceland. It includes fungi, lichen, algae, bryophytes, and vascular plants. History It was published 1912 to 1949 and funded by the Carlsberg Foundation. ...

'' ***

Campanula uniflora ''Campanula uniflora'', known commonly as arctic bellflower and arctic harebell, is a short and slender rhizomatous perennial in the bellflower family Campanulaceae. It is distributed in arctic North America, including the Rocky Mountains and G ...

*** Cerastium arcticum ***

Crowberry ''Empetrum nigrum'', crowberry, black crowberry, or, in western Alaska, blackberry, is a flowering plant species in the heather family Ericaceae with a near circumboreal distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. It is usually dioecious, but there ...

*** Dryas octopetala ***

Lupinus nootkatensis ''Lupinus nootkatensis'', the Nootka lupine, is a perennial plant of the genus ''Lupinus'' in the legume family, Fabaceae. It is native to North America. The Nootka lupine grows up to 60 cm tall. Late in the 18th century it was first introd ...

***

Ranunculus glacialis ''Ranunculus glacialis'', the glacier buttercup or glacier crowfoot, is a plant of the family Ranunculaceae. It is a 5-10(-20) cm high perennial herb. Often with a single relatively large (1.8 - 3.8 cm) flower, with 5 petals first white late ...

*** Salix arctica ***

Saxifraga cernua ''Saxifraga cernua'', the drooping saxifrage, nodding saxifrage or bulblet saxifrage, is a flower common all over the Arctic, High Arctic. It stretches further south in mountainous areas of the Alps, Norway, Iceland, Siberia and Alaska. It grow ...

***

Saxifraga cespitosa ''Saxifraga cespitosa'', the tufted alpine saxifrage or tufted saxifrage, is a flower common to many arctic heights. It appears further south in mountainous areas of the Alps, Norway, Scotland, Wales, Iceland, Siberia, western North America and ...

*** Stellaria humifusa ** Fauna of Iceland *** Birds of Iceland ****

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

*****

Cygnus olor The mute swan (''Cygnus olor'') is a species of swan and a member of the waterfowl family Anatidae. It is native to much of Eurosiberia, and (as a rare winter visitor) the far north of Africa. It is an introduced species in North America, home ...

*****

Cygnus columbianus The tundra swan (''Cygnus columbianus'') is a small swan of the Holarctic. The two taxa within it are usually regarded as conspecific, but are also sometimes split into two species: Bewick's swan (''Cygnus bewickii'') of the Palaearctic and the ...

***** Cygnus cygnus ***** Anser fabalis *****

Anser brachyrhynchus The pink-footed goose (''Anser brachyrhynchus'') is a goose which breeds in eastern Greenland, Iceland and Svalbard. It is migratory, wintering in northwest Europe, especially Ireland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and western Denmark. The na ...

*** Insects of Iceland **** Moths of Iceland ***

Mammals of Iceland This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Iceland. There are twenty-eight mammal species in Iceland, of which four are endangered and four are vulnerable. The only native land mammal, not including vagrant species, is the Arctic fox. This ...

Geographic features of Iceland

Fjords of Iceland The fjords of Iceland, listed in a clockwise direction round the island from the SW to the east. There are no important fjords along the south coast: most of the inlets there are lagoons. Western fjords *Faxaflói ** Stakksfjörður ** Hafnarfj� ...

Glaciers of Iceland The glaciers and ice caps of Iceland cover 11% of the land area of the country (about 11,400 km² out of the total area of 103,125 km²) and have a considerable impact on its landscape and meteorology. Glaciers are also contributing to ...

* Highlands of Iceland *

Islands of Iceland This is a list of islands of Iceland. It includes all islands larger than 1 km2, as well as a number of smaller islands that are considered significant either because they are or used to be inhabited, or for specific historical, geographical ...

Lakes of Iceland This is a list of lakes of Iceland (partially indicating surface, depth and volume). Iceland has over 20 lakes larger than 10 km² (4 sq mi), and at least 40 others varying between 2.5 and 10 km² (1 to 4 sq mi) in size. This list also in ...

* Mountains of Iceland **

Baula Baula () is a mountain situated in the west of Iceland near Route 1, Bifröst University, and the craters of Grábrók. The mountain's reddish or orange hue is caused by its rhyolite rock composition. Geologically, the mountain is a laccolith, ...

Borgarvirki Borgarvirki lies between Vesturhóp and Víðidalur in the north of Iceland, and at 177m above sea level it dominates the surrounding region. Made out of basalt strata, it has been used as a fortress. Borgarvirki is a natural phenomenon, al ...

** Búrfellshyrna **

Búlandstindur Búlandstindur () is a mountain in Eastern Iceland between the bays Berufjörður and Hamarsfjörður. Mt. Búlandstindur is above sea level. It is a pyramid-shaped stack of basalt Basalt (; ) is an aphanitic (fine-grained) extrusive ...

** Eldgjá **

Esjan Esja, in Icelandic called Esjan, which means "the Esja" (), is a mountain situated in the south-west of Iceland, about ten kilometres north of Iceland's capital city Reykjavík. Esja is not a single mountain, but a volcanic mountain range, mad ...

Helgafell Helgafell (, "holy mountain") is a small mountain on the Snæfellsnes Peninsula of Iceland. The mountain is high. A temple in honor of Thor (''Þór'') was built there by Þórólfr Mostrarskegg, the first settler of the area. His biography is ...

** Herðubreið ** Hlíðarfjall ** Hvannadalshnúkur ** Kerling **

Kerlingarfjöll Kerlingarfjöll () is a tall mountain range in Iceland situated in the Highlands of Iceland near the Kjölur highland road. They are part of a large tuya volcano system of . The volcanic origin of these mountains is evidenced by the numerous hot ...

(mountain range) ** Kverkfjöll (mountain range) **

Súlur Súlur () is a mountain located to the south west of the town Akureyri in Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country i ...

** Óshyrna ** Volcanoes in Iceland ***

Askja Askja () is an active volcano situated in a remote part of the Highlands of Iceland, central highlands of Iceland. The name Askja refers to a complex of nested calderas within the surrounding Dyngjufjöll mountains, which rise to , ''askja'' ...

***

Bláhnjúkur Bláhnjúkur () is a volcano in the south of Iceland. Its height is 940 m. Its name translates to ''blue peak'' in English. This comes from the blue-black colour of its sides. The colour is due to volcanic ash and lava flows. The mountain is sit ...

***

Brennisteinsalda The Brennisteinsalda () is a volcano in the south of Iceland. Its height is about 855 m. It is situated near Landmannalaugar and not far from Hekla. The name means in English: ''sulphur wave''. It comes from the sulphur spots which have coloured ...

*** Búrfell *** Hekla ***

***

Hengill Hengill (Icelandic language, Icelandic, pronounced ) is a volcano, volcanic mountain range situated in the southwest of Iceland, to the south of Þingvellir. The mountain range covers an area of about 100 km². The volcano is still active, e ...

*** Katla *** Kollóttadyngja ***

Krafla Krafla () is a volcanic caldera of about 10 km in diameter with a 90 km long fissure zone. It is located in the north of Iceland in the Mývatn region and is situated on the Iceland hotspot atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which forms the ...

***

Laki Laki () or Lakagígar (, ''Craters of Laki'') is a volcanic fissure in the western part of Vatnajökull National Park, Iceland, not far from the volcanic fissure of Eldgjá and the small village of Kirkjubæjarklaustur. The fissure is properly r ...

*** Öræfajökull *** Skjaldbreiður ***

***

Trölladyngja Situated in the Ódáðahraun lava field, Trölladyngja () is the biggest of the Icelandic shield volcanoes, reaching a height of above sea level,Rivers of Iceland On an island like Iceland, the rivers are short in length. None of the rivers are important as a means of navigation due to the impracticality of settlements in the Highlands of Iceland where they originate. South * Hvítá * Krossá * Kúðaflj ...

Waterfalls of Iceland Iceland is unusually suited for waterfalls (Icelandic: s. ''foss,'' pl. ''fossar''). This island country has a north Atlantic climate that produces frequent rain and snow and a near-Arctic location that produces large glaciers, whose summer mel ...

Valleys of Iceland A valley is an elongated low area often running between hills or mountains, which will typically contain a river or stream running from one end to the other. Most valleys are formed by erosion of the land surface by rivers or streams over ...

World Heritage Sites in Iceland In its most general sense, the term "world" refers to the totality of entities, to the whole of reality or to everything that is. The nature of the world has been conceptualized differently in different fields. Some conceptions see the worl ...

Regions of Iceland

Region codes

NUTS of Iceland As a candidate country of the European Union, Iceland (IS) is included in the Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (NUTS). The three NUTS levels are: * NUTS-1: IS0 Iceland * NUTS-2: IS00 Iceland * NUTS-3: Capital area / Rest of country ...

* ISO 3166-2 codes of Iceland * FIPS region codes of Iceland

Administrative divisions of Iceland

Administrative divisions of Iceland This article shows the administrative divisions of Iceland. Contemporary Constituencies Until 2003, the constituencies for the parliament elections were the same as the regions, but by an amendment to the constitution they were changed to the ...

* Regions of Iceland *

Counties of Iceland Iceland was historically divided into 23 counties known as ''sýslur'' (), and 23 independent towns known as ''kaupstaðir'' (). Iceland is now split up between 24 sýslumenn (magistrates) that are the highest authority over the local police ( ...

= Constituencies of Iceland

= Constituencies of Iceland Iceland is divided into 6 constituencies for the purpose of selecting representatives to the

Alþingi The Alþingi (''general meeting'' in Icelandic, , anglicised as ' or ') is the supreme national parliament of Iceland. It is one of the oldest surviving parliaments in the world. The Althing was founded in 930 at ("thing fields" or "assembly ...

(parliament): *Reykjavík North (11) *Reykjavík South (11) *Northwest (9) *Northeast (10) *South (10) *Southwest (12)

= Municipalities of Iceland

= Municipalities of Iceland * Cities of Iceland (by population) ** Capital of Iceland: Reykjavík

Demography of Iceland

Demographics of Iceland

Government and politics of Iceland

* Form of government:

unitary Unitary may refer to: Mathematics * Unitary divisor * Unitary element * Unitary group * Unitary matrix * Unitary morphism * Unitary operator * Unitary transformation * Unitary representation * Unitarity (physics) * ''E''-unitary inverse semigroup ...

parliamentary A parliamentary system, or parliamentarian democracy, is a system of democracy, democratic government, governance of a sovereign state, state (or subordinate entity) where the Executive (government), executive derives its democratic legitimacy ...

representative democratic Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a type of democracy where elected people represent a group of people, in contrast to direct democracy. Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of represe ...

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

* Capital of Iceland: Reykjavík *

Elections in Iceland Iceland elects on a national level a ceremonial head of state—the President of Iceland, president—and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The Althing, parliament (''Alþingi'') has 63 members, elected fo ...

Icelandic nationalism is the Icelandic term for nationalism; ''nationmindedness'' is a rough translation of the term. Its use was instrumental in the Icelandic movement for independence from Denmark, led by Jón Sigurðsson. Icelandic nationalism or is based upon ...

Liberalism and centrism in Iceland Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, consent of the governed, political equality and equality before the law."political rationalism, hostility to autocracy, cultural distaste for c ...

Political parties in Iceland This article is a list of political parties in Iceland. Iceland has a multi-party system with many political parties, in which often no one party has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governme ...

* Icelandic political scandals * Taxation in Iceland

Branches of the government of Iceland

Government of Iceland The politics of Iceland take place in the framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the president is the head of state, while the prime minister of Iceland serves as the head of government in a multi-party system ...

Executive branch of the government of Iceland

* Head of state:

Guðni Th. Jóhannesson Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson (; born 26 June 1968) is an Icelandic historian and politician serving as the sixth and current president of Iceland. He took office in 2016 after winning the most votes in the 2016 election, 71,356 (39.1%). He wa ...

President of Iceland The president of Iceland ( is, Forseti Íslands) is the head of state of Iceland. The incumbent is Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, who is now in his second term as president, elected in 2016 and re-elected in 2020. Vigdís Finnbogadóttir as ...

* Head of government:

Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson Sigurður Ingi Jóhannsson (pronounced Help:IPA/Icelandic, �sɪːɣʏrðʏr ˈiŋgɪ ˈjouːhansɔn born 20 April 1962) is an Icelandic politician, who was the prime minister of Iceland from April 2016 to January 2017. He is the chairman of ...

Prime Minister of Iceland The prime minister of Iceland ( is, Forsætisráðherra Íslands) is Iceland's head of government. The prime minister is appointed formally by the president and exercises executive authority along with the cabinet subject to parliamentary suppor ...

First Lady of Iceland This is a list of spouses and partners of Icelandic presidents. Eliza Reid is the spouse of incumbent president Guðni Th. Jóhannesson. List † – denotes that the person died while the president was in office References {{First Lad ...

Cabinet of Iceland The Cabinet of Iceland ( is, Stjórnarráð Íslands) is the collective decision-making body of the government of Iceland, composed of the Prime Minister of Iceland, Prime Minister and the Minister (government), cabinet ministers. History The Ca ...

** Cabinet ministers ***

Minister of Education, Science and Culture of Iceland The Ministry of Education and Children ( is, Mennta- og barnamálaráðuneytið) is an Icelandic Cabinet of Iceland, cabinet-level ministry founded 16 December 1942. The ministry is divided into three departments and four offices. The current M ...

Illugi Gunnarsson Illugi Gunnarsson (born 26 August 1967) is an Icelandic politician and former member of the Althing The Alþingi (''general meeting'' in Icelandic, , anglicised as ' or ') is the supreme national parliament of Iceland. It is one of the ...

Present government of Iceland
/ref> ***

Minister for the Environment of Iceland An environment minister (sometimes minister of the environment or secretary of the environment) is a cabinet position charged with protecting the natural environment and promoting wildlife conservation. The areas associated with the duties of an ...

Sigrún Magnúsdóttir Sigrún Magnúsdóttir (born 15 June 1944) is an Icelandic politician. She represented the Reykjavík North Constituency in the Althingi from 2013 until 2016. Minister for the Environment At the end of 2014 she was appointed Minister for the ...

***

Minister of Finance of Iceland The Icelandic Ministry of Finance (Icelandic: ') is responsible for overseeing the finances of the Icelandic government. The Minister for Finance and Economic Affairs is Bjarni Benediktsson. Organization of the Ministry of Finance The top civ ...

: Bjarni Benediktsson *** Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture of Iceland:

***

Minister for Foreign Affairs of Iceland The Ministry for Foreign Affairs ( is, Utanríkisráðuneytið) is an Icelandic cabinet-level ministry founded 18 November 1941. The current Minister for Foreign Affairs is Þórdís Kolbrún R. Gylfadóttir. The Minister of Foreign Affairs tak ...

Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson Gunnar Bragi Sveinsson (born 9 June 1968) is an Icelandic politician for the Center Party. He is a member of the Althingi (Iceland's parliament) for the Centre Party for the Northwest of Iceland constituency since 2017. He was the Chairman ...

*** Minister of Health:

Kristján Þór Júlíusson Kristján Þór Júlíusson (15 July 1957 in Dalvík) is an Icelandic politician, a member of Alþingi and the current Minister of Fisheries and Agriculture.http://www.althingi.is/cv_en.php4?ksfaerslunr=110 Official page at the Alþingi He com ...

(Part of the

Ministry of Welfare (Iceland) The Ministry of Welfare ( is, Velferðarráðuneytið) is an Icelandic cabinet-level ministry founded 1 January 2011. It is the result of the merger of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Security, founded 17 April 1939 as the Ministry of So ...

) *** Minister of Social Affairs and Housing:

Eygló Harðardóttir Eygló Harðardóttir (born 12 December 1972) is an Icelandic politician. She served as Iceland's Minister of Social Affairs and Housing 2013–2017. She has a degree in art from the University of Stockholm and has studied economics at the Univ ...

(Part of the

) *** Ministry of Industries and Innovation of Iceland:

Ragnheiður Elín Árnadóttir Ragnheiður Elín Árnadóttir (born 30 September 1967) is an Icelandic politician who is the director of the OECD Development Centre. She was previously the Minister of Industry and Commerce A Ministry of Trade and Industry, Ministry of Commer ...

*** Minister of the Interior of Iceland:

Ólöf Nordal Ólöf Nordal (3 December 1966 – 8 February 2017) was an Icelandic politician who was the Minister of the Interior of Iceland from 4 December 2014 to 11 January 2017. She died on 8 February 2017. She was a member of the Independence Party. ...

** List of cabinets of Iceland *

List of Icelandic ministries This is a list of Icelandic government ministries Ministry or department (also less commonly used secretariat, office, or directorate) are designations used by first-level executive bodies in the machinery of governments that manage a s ...

Legislative branch of the government of Iceland

* Parliament of Iceland **

List of standing committees of the Icelandic parliament The following is a list of standing committees of the Icelandic parliament. See also *List of Icelandic ministries *Government agencies in Iceland {{Standing committees of Iceland *List Standing committees of the Icelandic parliament Sta ...

** List of speakers of the Parliament of Iceland

Judicial branch of the government of Iceland

Supreme Court of Iceland The Supreme Court of Iceland (, lit. ''Highest Court of Iceland'') is the final court of appeal in the judiciary of Iceland. It is also the oldest of the current courts of law in Iceland and the highest of the three Icelandic court branches, t ...

Foreign relations of Iceland

Foreign relations of Iceland Iceland took control of its foreign affairs in 1918 when it became a sovereign country, the Kingdom of Iceland, in a personal union with the King of Denmark. As a fully independent state, Iceland could have joined the League of Nations in 1918, ...

Accession of Iceland to the European Union Accession refers to the general idea of joining or adding to. It may also refer to: *Accession (property law) * Accession, the act of joining a treaty by a party that did not take part in its negotiations; see Vienna Convention on the Law of Trea ...

List of diplomatic missions in Iceland This is a list of diplomatic missions in Iceland. There are currently 14 embassies in Reykjavík. Embassies in Reykjavík Representative offices Non-resident embassies See also * List of diplomatic missions of Iceland References ...

List of diplomatic missions of Iceland This is a list of diplomatic missions of Iceland. In countries without Icelandic representation, Icelandic citizens can seek assistance from public officials in the foreign services of any of the other Nordic countries, in accordance with the H ...

Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens Visa requirements for Icelandic citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed on citizens of Iceland by the authorities of other states. As a member state of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), Icelandic citizens enjoy freedom o ...

International organization membership

International organization membership of Iceland The Republic of Iceland is a member of: *

Arctic Council The Arctic Council is a high-level intergovernmental forum that addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and the indigenous people of the Arctic. At present, eight countries exercise sovereignty over the lands within the Arctic Circle, ...

* Australia Group *

Bank for International Settlements The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) is an international financial institution owned by central banks that "fosters international monetary and financial cooperation and serves as a bank for central banks". The BIS carries out its work thr ...

(BIS) *

Council of Europe The Council of Europe (CoE; french: Conseil de l'Europe, ) is an international organisation founded in the wake of World War II to uphold European Convention on Human Rights, human rights, democracy and the Law in Europe, rule of law in Europe. ...

(CE) * Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) * Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) *

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is an international financial institution founded in 1991. As a multilateral developmental investment bank, the EBRD uses investment as a tool to build market economies. Initially focus ...

(EBRD) *

European Free Trade Association The European Free Trade Association (EFTA) is a regional trade organization and free trade area consisting of four List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe, European states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerlan ...

(EFTA) *

Food and Agriculture Organization The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)french: link=no, Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; it, Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'Alimentazione e l'Agricoltura is an intern ...

(FAO) *

International Atomic Energy Agency The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. It was established in 1957 ...

(IAEA) *

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) * International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) *

International Civil Aviation Organization The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international sc ...

(ICAO) *

International Criminal Court The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals ...

(ICCt) *

International Criminal Police Organization The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...

(Interpol) *

International Development Association The International Development Association (IDA) (french: link=no, Association internationale de développement) is an international financial institution which offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries. Th ...

(IDA) *

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) is a worldwide humanitarian aid organization that reaches 160 million people each year through its 192-member National Societies. It acts before, during and after disas ...

(IFRCS) * International Finance Corporation (IFC) *

International Fund for Agricultural Development The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD; french: link=no, Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA)) is an international financial institution and a specialised agency of the United Nations that works to address ...

(IFAD) *

International Hydrographic Organization The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography. , the IHO comprised 98 Member States. A principal aim of the IHO is to ensure that the world's seas, oceans and navigable waters a ...

(IHO) *

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

(ILO) *

International Maritime Organization The International Maritime Organization (IMO, French: ''Organisation maritime internationale'') is a specialised agency of the United Nations responsible for regulating shipping. The IMO was established following agreement at a UN conference ...

(IMO) *

International Mobile Satellite Organization The International Mobile Satellite Organization (IMSO) is the intergovernmental organization that oversees certain public satellite safety and security communication services provided via the Inmarsat satellites. Some of these services concern: ...

(IMSO) *

International Monetary Fund The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution, headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of 190 countries. Its stated mission is "working to foster globa ...

(IMF) *

International Olympic Committee The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

(IOC) *

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Ar ...

(ISO) *

International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is a humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide. It was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, an ...

(ICRM) *

International Telecommunication Union The International Telecommunication Union is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for many matters related to information and communication technologies. It was established on 17 May 1865 as the International Telegraph Unio ...

(ITU) *

International Telecommunications Satellite Organization The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO) is an intergovernmental organization charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat, which was privatized in 2001. It incorporates the principle set forth i ...

(ITSO) * International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) *

Inter-Parliamentary Union The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU; french: Union Interparlementaire, UIP) is an inter-parliamentary institution, international organization of national parliaments. Its primary purpose is to promote democratic governance, accountability, and coop ...

(IPU) * Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) *

Nordic Council The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries. Formed in 1952, it has 87 representatives from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden as well as from the autonomou ...

(NC) * Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) * North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) * Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) *

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; french: Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, ''OCDE'') is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental organisation with 38 member countries ...

(OECD) * Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) *

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an intergovernmental organisation and the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), which entered into force on 29 April 1997. The OPCW, with its 193 member ...

(OPCW) *

Organization of American States The Organization of American States (OAS; es, Organización de los Estados Americanos, pt, Organização dos Estados Americanos, french: Organisation des États américains; ''OEA'') is an international organization that was founded on 30 April ...

(OAS) (observer) *

Permanent Court of Arbitration The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization located in The Hague, Netherlands. Unlike a judicial court in the traditional sense, the PCA provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes that arise ...

(PCA) * Schengen Convention *

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

(UN) *

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the ...

(UNCTAD) *

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

(UNESCO) *

Universal Postal Union The Universal Postal Union (UPU, french: link=no, Union postale universelle), established by the Treaty of Bern of 1874, is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to t ...

(UPU) * Western European Union (WEU) (associate) * World Customs Organization (WCO) *

World Federation of Trade Unions The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation of ...

(WFTU) *

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of h ...

(WHO) *

World Intellectual Property Organization The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO; french: link=no, Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI)) is one of the list of specialized agencies of the United Nations, 15 specialized agencies of the United Nation ...

(WIPO) *

World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science, climatology, hydrology and geophysics. The WMO originated from the Internati ...

(WMO) *

World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates and facilitates international trade. With effective cooperation in the United Nations System, governments use the organization to establish, revise, and e ...

(WTO)

Law and order in Iceland

Law of Iceland * Abortion in Iceland * Cannabis in Iceland * Capital punishment in Iceland *

Constitution of Iceland The Constitution of Iceland ( Icelandic: ''Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands'' "Constitution of the republic of Iceland") is the supreme law of Iceland. It is composed of 80 articles in seven sections, and within it the leadership arrangemen ...

Human rights in Iceland Iceland is generally considered to be one of the leading countries in the world in regard to the human rights enjoyed by its citizens. Human rights are guaranteed by Sections VI and VII of Iceland's Constitution. Since 1989, a post of Ombudsman ex ...

** Freedom of religion in Iceland **

LGBT rights in Iceland Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) rights in Iceland rank among the highest in the world. Same-sex couples have had equal access to adoption and IVF since 2006. In February 2009, a minority government took office, headed by Jóhanna ...

Prostitution in Iceland Prostitution in Iceland is thriving despite paying for sex being illegal. The police have stated that they do not have the resources to enforce the law. Consequently, a vigilante group called "Stóra systir" ("Big Sister") has been formed. A rep ...

— in 2009, the ''paying'' for sex was outlawed, criminalizing the clients, while ''selling'' sex remained decriminalized. *

Icelandic passport Icelandic passports are issued to citizens of Iceland for the purpose of international travel. Beside serving as proof of Icelandic citizenship, they facilitate the process of securing assistance from Icelandic consular officials abroad (or public ...

* Law enforcement in Iceland **

National Police of Iceland In Iceland, the Police () is the national police force of Iceland. It is responsible for law enforcement throughout the country, except in Icelandic territorial waters which fall under the jurisdiction of the Icelandic Coast Guard. Police affair ...

Víkingasveitin The Special Unit of the National Police Commissioner (), more commonly referred to as the Viking Squad (), is the police tactical unit of the Icelandic Police. The unit is in many ways modeled on the Delta tactical unit of the Norwegian Police ...

''(The Viking Squad)''

Military of Iceland

Military of Iceland Iceland's defence forces consist of the Icelandic Coast Guard, which patrols Icelandic waters and monitors its airspace, and other services such as the National Commissioner's National Security and Special Forces Units. Iceland maintains no stan ...

* Army: Iceland does not have a standing army * Navy: No navy (just the Icelandic Coast Guard) * Air force: None * Icelandic Coast Guard *

Iceland Air Defence System The Iceland Air Defence System ( is, Íslenska Loftvarnarkerfið) is a part of the Icelandic Coast Guard. It was founded in 1987 under the Radar Agency of the Icelandic Ministry for Foreign Affairs after an agreement between Iceland and the Uni ...

* Icelandic Air Policing *

Iceland Crisis Response Unit The Iceland Crisis Response Unit (ICRU; Icelandic: ''Íslenska Friðargæslan'') is an Icelandic para-military unit with a capacity roster of up to 200 people, of whom about 30 are active at any given time. It is operated by the Icelandic Minis ...

: Is equal to the American

SWAT In the United States, a SWAT team (special weapons and tactics, originally special weapons assault team) is a police tactical unit that uses specialized or military equipment and tactics. Although they were first created in the 1960s to ...

unit. *

Military history of Iceland This is a brief overview of historical warfare and recent developments in Iceland. Iceland has never participated in a full-scale war or invasion and the constitution of Iceland has no mechanism to declare war. Settlement and commonwealth In the ...

History of Iceland

By period

Settlement of Iceland The settlement of Iceland ( is, landnámsöld ) is generally believed to have begun in the second half of the ninth century, when Norse settlers migrated across the North Atlantic. The reasons for the migration are uncertain: later in the Middle ...

History of Icelandic nationality Iceland is an island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. Icelandic nationality is concerned with the conditions by which an individual is a national of Iceland. Icelandi ...

Icelandic Commonwealth The Icelandic Commonwealth, also known as the Icelandic Free State, was the political unit existing in Iceland between the establishment of the Althing in 930 and the pledge of fealty to the Norwegian king with the Old Covenant in 1262. With t ...

Age of the Sturlungs The Age of the Sturlungs or the Sturlung Era ( is, Sturlungaöld ) was a 42–44 year period of violent internal strife in mid-13th century Iceland. It is documented in the Sturlunga saga. This period is marked by the conflicts of local chieftai ...

Farthings of Iceland Historically, Iceland was divided into four farthings (''landsfjórðungar'', singular ''landsfjórðungur'') corresponding to the cardinal directions. These were administrative divisions established in 965 for the purpose of organising regional a ...

* Christianisation of Iceland *

Icelandic Reformation The Icelandic Reformation took place in the middle of the 16th century. Iceland was at this time a territory ruled by Denmark-Norway, and Lutheran religious reform was imposed on the Icelanders by King Christian III of Denmark. Resistance to t ...

Danish-Icelandic Trade Monopoly The Danish–Icelandic Trade Monopoly (Icelandic: ''Einokunarverslunin'') was the monopoly on trade held by Danish merchants in Iceland in the 17th and 18th centuries. Iceland was during this period a territory controlled by the Danish-Norwegia ...

New Iceland New Iceland ( is, Nýja Ísland ) is the name of a region on Lake Winnipeg in the Canadian province of Manitoba which was named for settlers from Iceland. It was settled in 1875. Background In 1875, over 200 Icelanders immigrated to Manitoba es ...

* Kingdom of Iceland * Prohibition in Iceland *

Iceland during World War II At the beginning of World War II, Iceland was a sovereign kingdom in personal union with Denmark, with King Christian X as head of state. Iceland officially remained neutral throughout World War II. However, the British invaded Iceland on 10 ...

** Invasion of Iceland **

Military operations in Scandinavia and Iceland during World War II A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. It is typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with its members identifiable by their distinct ...

* Founding of the Republic of Iceland *

Iceland in the Cold War Throughout the Cold War, the nation of Iceland was a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and allied with the United States, hosting a US military presence in Keflavík Air Base from 1951 to 2006. In 1986, Iceland hosted a sum ...

* Iceland Defense Force *

2010 Iceland power outages The 2010 Iceland power outages was a massive, widespread power outage that occurred nationwide in Iceland, on Wednesday, September 1 to 21, 2010, at approximately 21:00 UTC. At the time, it was one of the most widespread electrical outages in Icel ...

By subject

* Agriculture in Iceland *

Economic history of Iceland The economy history of Iceland covers the development of its economy from the Settlement of Iceland in the late 9th century until the present. The field of economic history in Iceland According to a 2011 review study by economic historian Gu� ...

History of the Jews in Iceland The history of the Jews in Iceland starts in 1625. In 2018, around 250 Jews were living in Iceland. They often gather to celebrate the Jewish holidays. The first rabbi to be permanently located in Iceland since 1918 moved to the country in 2 ...

Postage stamps and postal history of Iceland This is a survey of the postage stamps and postal history of Iceland. Regular mail service in Iceland was first established by a charter of 13 May 1776, and on 1 January 1873, Iceland issued its first postage stamps. The design was the same as for ...

List of rulers of Iceland This is a list of rulers of Iceland, ruling from 1262 to 1944. Iceland was settled in the late 9th and early 10th centuries, principally by people of Norwegian and other Scandinavian origin. In 930, the ruling chiefs established a republican con ...

Culture of Iceland

Architecture of Iceland The architecture of Iceland draws from Scandinavian influences and traditionally was influenced by the lack of native trees on the island. As a result, grass- and turf-covered houses were developed. Later on, the Swiss chalet style became a prevai ...

Icelandic turf houses Icelandic turf houses ( ) were the product of a difficult climate, offering superior insulation compared to buildings solely made of wood or stone, and the relative difficulty in obtaining other construction materials in sufficient quantities. ...

List of tallest buildings in Iceland This is a list of the tallest buildings in Iceland. Tallest buildings Tallest structures An incomplete list of the tallest structures in Iceland. This list contains all types of structures. References {{TBSW Iceland Towers in Iceland T ...

** List of tallest structures in Iceland *

Icelandic cuisine ''Randabrauð'', the cuisine of Iceland, has a long history. Important parts of Icelandic cuisine are lamb, dairy, and fish, the latter due to the fact that Iceland has traditionally been inhabited only near its coastline. Popular foods in Icel ...

Beer in Iceland Beer in Iceland likely dates back to the island's settlement by Norsemen. In more modern history beer was effectively banned in Iceland for most of the 20th century. Since that ban was lifted in 1989, Iceland's consumption of beer has increased ...

* Festivals in Iceland ** Iceland Airwaves * Heraldry in Iceland *

Media of Iceland The mass media in Iceland are well-developed for a country of its size. The Constitution of Iceland guarantees absolute freedom of speech. Therefore, Iceland’s media are among the freest in the world. Iceland has been in the top ten of the Rep ...

Miss Iceland Miss Iceland or Miss Universe Iceland ( is, Ungfrú Ísland) is a national beauty pageant in Iceland. Began 2023 the winner represents Iceland at Miss Universe pageant. History The competition has been carried out since 1950; in the first yea ...

* Museums in Iceland * National and University Library of Iceland * National symbols of Iceland ** Coat of arms of Iceland ** Flag of Iceland ***

List of flags of Iceland The following is a list of Flag of Iceland, Icelandic flags. National flag and State flag Governmental flags Military flag Historical flags Unofficial flags Yacht club flags of Iceland Political flags See also * Flag of Iceland * ...

** National anthem of Iceland * Order of the Falcon *

— in 2009, the ''paying'' for sex was outlawed, criminalizing the clients, while ''selling'' sex remained decriminalized. *

Public holidays in Iceland Public holidays in Iceland are established by the act of the Icelandic parliament''.'' The public holidays are the religious holidays of the Church of Iceland and the First Day of Summer, May Day, the Icelandic National Day. In addition, Christmas ...

First Day of Summer The first day of summer ( ) is an annual public holiday in Iceland that is celebrated on the first Thursday after 18 April (some time between 19-25 April). It is a celebration of the start of the first summer month () of the old Icelandic cale ...

Icelandic National Day Icelandic National Day ( is, Þjóðhátíðardagurinn, the day of the nation's celebration) is an annual holiday in Iceland which commemorates the foundation of The Republic of Iceland on 17 June 1944. This date also marks the end of Iceland's c ...

Smoking in Iceland Smoking in Iceland is banned in restaurants, cafés, bars and night clubs as of June 2007. A large majority of Icelanders approve of the ban. At the time the ban went into effect, almost one in four Icelandic people were smokers. Iceland has ...

* Icelandic weddings *

Art in Iceland

Icelandic art Icelandic art has been built on Western painting, northern European traditions of the nineteenth century, but developed in distinct directions in the twentieth century, influenced in particular by the unique Geography of Iceland, Icelandic landscap ...

Cinema of Iceland Iceland has a notable cinema film industry, with many Icelandic actors and directors having gone on to receive international attention. The most famous film, and the only one to be nominated for the Academy Award, is '' Börn náttúrunnar'' (''C ...

List of Icelandic films The following is a list of notable films produced in Iceland by Icelanders. Star marked films are films in coproduction with Iceland. Although Arne Mattsson is Swedish, his film is included because it is based on a book by the Icelandic Nobel Prize ...

List of Icelandic submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Iceland has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film since 1981. The first film to be sent to AMPAS by Iceland was ''Land and Sons'' which was released in Iceland in 1980. Since then, Iceland has sent in a film ev ...

Þorramatur Þorramatur (; transliterated as thorramatur; food of ''Þorri'') is a selection of traditional Icelandic food, consisting mainly of meat and fish products cured in a traditional manner, cut into slices or pieces and served with rúgbrauð ...

Icelandic literature Icelandic literature refers to literature written in Iceland or by Icelandic people. It is best known for the sagas written in medieval times, starting in the 13th century. As Icelandic and Old Norse are almost the same, and because Icelandic wor ...

** List of Icelandic-language poets **

List of Icelandic writers Iceland has a rich literary history, which has carried on into the modern period. Some of the best known examples of Icelandic literature are the Sagas of Icelanders. These are prose narratives based on historical events that took place in Icel ...

Music of Iceland The music of Iceland includes vibrant folk and pop traditions, as well as an active classical and contemporary music scene. Well-known artists from Iceland include medieval music group Voces Thules, alternative rock band The Sugarcubes, singers ...

List of Icelandic composers The composers in this list are those notable ones having Icelandic nationality, or whose main residence is Iceland. Icelandic names differ from most current Western world, Western family name systems by being patronymic (occasionally matronymic) i ...

Icelandic folk music Icelandic folk music includes a number of styles that are together a prominent part of the music of Iceland. When speaking of traditional Icelandic vocal music, there are two prominent vocal performance styles, one using the term ''kveða'' and t ...

** Icelandic hip hop **

Icelandic rock Rock and roll is a style of popular music of the United States, American music which has spread around the world, including to the North Atlantic island nation of Iceland. History

Rock came to the island beginning in the mid-1950s. Rock's pop ...

List of bands from Iceland This is a list of musical bands from the country of Iceland. For listing of singers from Iceland, see List of Icelandic singers. For singer-songwriters from Iceland, see List of singer-songwriters#Iceland __NOTOC__ 0-9 * 200.000 naglbíta ...

* Television in Iceland

Language in Iceland

Languages of Iceland Iceland has been a very isolated and linguistically homogeneous island historically, but has nevertheless been home to several languages. Gaelic was the native language to many of the early Icelanders. Although the Icelandic or Norse language ...

Icelandic language Icelandic (; is, íslenska, link=no ) is a North Germanic language spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language. Due to being a West Scandinavian language, it is most closely re ...

***

History of Icelandic The history of the Icelandic language began in the 9th century when the settlement of Iceland, mostly by Norwegians, brought a dialect of Old Norse to the island. The oldest preserved texts in Icelandic were written around 1100, the oldest single ...

*** Icelandic exonyms ***

Icelandic grammar Icelandic is an inflected language with four cases: nominative, accusative, dative and genitive. Icelandic nouns can have one of three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine or neuter. Nouns, adjectives and pronouns are declined in four cas ...

***

Icelandic Literary Society The Icelandic Literary Society (Hið Íslenzka Bókmenntafélag), founded in 1816, is a society dedicated to promoting and strengthening Icelandic language, literature and learning. The society was founded in 1816, when the Icelandic independence m ...

***

Icelandic name Icelandic names are names used by people from Iceland. Icelandic surnames are different from most other naming systems in the modern Western world by being patronymic or occasionally matronymic: they indicate the father (or mother) of the child ...

**** Icelandic Naming Committee ***

Icelandic orthography Icelandic orthography is the way in which Icelandic words are spelled and how their spelling corresponds with their pronunciation. Alphabet The Icelandic alphabet is a Latin-script alphabet including some letters duplicated with acute accen ...

***

Icelandic phonology Unlike many languages, Icelandic has only very minor dialectal differences in sounds. The language has both monophthong A monophthong ( ; , ) is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and whic ...

***

Linguistic purism in Icelandic Linguistic purism in Icelandic is the policy of discouraging new loanwords from entering the language, by creating new words from Old Icelandic and Old Norse roots. In Iceland, linguistic purism is archaising, trying to resuscitate the language ...

****

High Icelandic Linguistic purism in Icelandic is the policy of linguistic purism, discouraging new loanwords from entering the language, by creating neologism, new words from Icelandic language, Old Icelandic and Old Norse roots. In Iceland, linguistic purism is ...

***

Icelandic vocabulary The vocabulary of the Icelandic language is heavily derived from and built upon Old Norse and contains relatively few loanwords; where these do exist their spelling is often heavily adapted to that of other Icelandic words. History Iceland was firs ...

** Icelandic Sign Language

Religion in Iceland

Religion in Iceland Religion in Iceland has been predominantly Christian since the adoption of Christianity as the state religion by the Althing under the influence of Olaf Tryggvason, the king of Norway, in 999/1000 CE. Before that, between the 9th and 10th centu ...

* Icelandic funeral * Religions in Iceland ** Christianity in Iceland *** Church of Iceland ***

Roman Catholicism in Iceland The Catholic Church in Iceland is part of the Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope. The island comprises a single diocese, the Diocese of Reykjavík. , the ordinary is Bishop Dávid Bartimej Tencer. The diocese is not part ...

** Neopaganism in Iceland ** Bahá'í Faith in Iceland **

Buddhism in Iceland Buddhism in Iceland is followed by 0.43% of the population of Iceland, according to the 2021 Census. Buddhism has existed since the 1990s after immigration from countries with Buddhist populations, mainly Thailand. As of 2008, there are three Bud ...

Islam in Iceland Islam in Iceland is a minority religion. The Pew Research Center estimated that the number of Muslims in Iceland was below its 10,000 minimum threshold, and official statistics put the figure at under 1,300, or 0.33% out of the total populati ...

Judaism in Iceland The history of the Jews in Iceland starts in 1625. In 2018, around 250 Jews were living in Iceland. They often gather to celebrate the Jewish holidays. The first rabbi to be permanently located in Iceland since 1918 moved to the country in 2 ...

***

Sport in Iceland

Sport in Iceland *

Icelandic Chess Championship The Icelandic Chess Championship is usually held in Reykjavík. It is organised by the Icelandic Chess Federation (ICF), the body responsible for holding national chess events and for representing Icelandic chess at the World Chess Federation ( FIDE ...

Cricket in Iceland Cricket is a growing sport in Iceland, involving four club teams (Reykjavík Vikings, Kópavogur Puffins, Vesturbær Volcano and Hafnarfjörður Hammers) and the national side. Iceland is not a member of the International Cricket Council (ICC), bu ...

Iceland at the Paralympics Iceland made its Paralympic Games début at the 1980 Summer Paralympics in Arnhem, where it fielded thirteen athletes, who won two medals (a gold and a silver). Since then, the country has competed in every edition of the Summer Paralympics. Des ...

Icelandic records in athletics The following are the national records in athletics in Iceland maintained by its national athletics federation: Frjálsíþróttasamband Íslands (FRI). Outdoor Key to tables: + = en route to a longer distance h = hand timing Mx = mixed ra ...

* Strength athletics in Iceland * Íþróttafélag Reykjavíkur

Olympics

* Iceland at the Olympics

Baseball

* Iceland national baseball team

Basketball

Iceland men's national basketball team The Iceland men's national basketball team ( is, Íslenska karlalandsliðið í körfubolta) represents Iceland in international basketball tournaments. The team is controlled by the Icelandic Basketball Association. Iceland has qualified for t ...

* Iceland women's national basketball team

Football

* Australian rules football in Iceland * Football Association of Iceland *

Icelandic football league system The Icelandic football league system is a series of interconnected leagues for club football in Iceland. a fifth level was added to the previous men's format of four levels. there are 79 participating men's teams and 27 women's teams in the footb ...

List of football clubs in Iceland The following list contains the 77 football clubs playing in the Icelandic football league system. League clubs 2018 Úrvalsdeild 1. deild karla 2. deild karla 3. deild karla 4. deild karla Group A Group B Group C Group ...

* List of football stadiums in Iceland * National football teams **

Iceland national football team The Iceland national football team (in ) represents Iceland in men's international football. The team is controlled by the Football Association of Iceland, and have been a FIFA member since 1947 and an UEFA member since 1957. The team's nickn ...

Iceland national under-17 football team The Iceland national under-17 football team represents Iceland in international football at this age level and is controlled by Knattspyrnusamband Íslands (KSÍ), the governing body for football in Iceland. History in the UEFA European Under-17 ...

Iceland women's national football team The Iceland women's national football team represents Iceland in international women's football. They are currently ranked as the 17th best women's national team in the world by FIFA as of December 2019. On 30 October 2008, the national team ...

Handball

Icelandic Handball Association '' , abbrev= HSÍ , logo= Iceland national handball team.png , logosize= 210px , countryflag= Iceland , iocnation= Iceland (ISL) , url= https://www.hsi.is/ , sport= Handball , othersport1= Beach Handball , othersport2= Wheelchair Handball , history ...

Iceland men's national handball team ) , Association = Icelandic Handball Association(''Handknattleikssamband Íslands'') , Coach = Guðmundur Guðmundsson , Assistant coach = Ágúst Þór JóhannssonGunnar Magnússon , Captain = Aron ...

Ice hockey

* Ice Hockey Iceland *

Icelandic Hockey League The Icelandic Men's Hockey League, also known as Hertz deild karla for sponsorship reasons, is an ice hockey league in Iceland. As of the 2017–2018 season, it has four active teams. It is run by Ice Hockey Iceland. History Hockey was first pla ...

Icelandic national ice hockey team The Icelandic men's national ice hockey team ( is, Íslenska karlalandsliðið í íshokkí) is a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation, representing Iceland in ice hockey competitions. Iceland is ranked 34th in the world by the IIHF W ...

Iceland women's national ice hockey team The Icelandic women's national ice hockey team represents Iceland at the International Ice Hockey Federation's World Women's Ice Hockey Championship Division IIB. The women's national team is controlled by Ice Hockey Iceland. As of 2011, Iceland ...

Rowing

Fiann Paul Fiann Paul (born 15 August 1980) is an Icelandic explorer, athlete, artist, speaker and Analytical psychology, Jungian psychoanalyst. He is the world's most record-breaking Exploration, explorer, and holds the world's highest number of performanc ...

Tennis

* Iceland Davis Cup team * Iceland Fed Cup team

Sports personalities

Eiður Smári Guðjohnsen *

Heiðar Helguson Heiðar Helguson (; born 22 August 1977) is an Icelandic former professional footballer who played as a striker. Heiðar started his career in the Icelandic league system, with UMFS Dalvík and Þróttur. Following a one-season spell in Norwa ...

, professional footballer, currently at

Fulham Fulham () is an area of the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham in West London, England, southwest of Charing Cross. It lies on the north bank of the River Thames, bordering Hammersmith, Kensington and Chelsea. The area faces Wandsworth ...

Hermann Hreiðarsson Hermann Hreiðarsson (born 11 July 1974) is an Icelandic former professional football player and coach. He played as a defender and spent 15 seasons in England, gaining a total of 315 appearances in the Premier League. Hermann was relegated fr ...

* Jón Páll Sigmarsson *

Magnús Ver Magnússon Magnús Ver Magnússon (born 23 April 1963) is an Icelandic former powerlifter and strongman competitor. He is a four-time World's Strongest Man, having won in 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996 and is widely regarded as one of the greatest strongmen of ...

Ólafur Stefánsson Ólafur Indriði Stefánsson (born 3 July 1973 in Reykjavík, Iceland) is a former Icelandic handball player who, for many years was the captain of the Iceland men's national handball team but announced his international retirement after the 20 ...

Anníe Mist Þórisdóttir Anníe Mist Þórisdóttir (often featured as Annie Thorisdottir in international media) is a professional CrossFit athlete from Reykjavík, Iceland. She is the co-owner of Crossfit Reykjavik, where she also coaches and trains. Anníe is the fir ...

Economy and infrastructure of Iceland

07 Suzuki Grand Vitara 4x4 in Iceland interior - Suzuki Grand Vitara

12 Active tourism - Iceland active tourism, Icelandic horse tour

Economy of Iceland The economy of Iceland is small and subject to high volatility. In 2011, gross domestic product was US$12 billion, but by 2018 it had increased to a nominal GDP of US$27 billion. With a population o350,000 this is $55,000 per capita, based on purc ...

* Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 92nd (ninety-second) * 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis * Agriculture in Iceland **

Whaling in Iceland Whaling in Iceland began with spear-drift hunting as early as the 12th century, and continued in a vestigial form until the late 19th century, when other countries introduced modern commercial practices. Today, Iceland is one of a handful of coun ...

Banking in Iceland Banking in Iceland faced a crisis in 2008, which resulted in the government taking over three of its largest commercial banks. The short-term liabilities of Icelandic banks in proportion to Iceland's GDP are 211%, as of 11 October 2008, or 480% o ...

Banks of Iceland The following is a list of banks in Iceland. Contemporary banks Central * Central Bank of Iceland Commercial * Arion Bank (formerly known as ''New Kaupthing'') * Íslandsbanki (formerly known as ''New Glitnir'') * Landsbankinn (formerl ...

*** Central Bank of Iceland ***

National Bank of Iceland Landsbanki (literally "national bank"), also commonly known as Landsbankinn (literally "the national bank") which is now the name of the current rebuilt bank (here called "New Landsbanki"), was one of the largest Icelandic commercial banks that f ...

Communications in Iceland Telecommunications in Iceland is a diversified market. Submarine connectivity Current internet and telephone services rely on submarine communications cables for external traffic, with a total capacity of 60.2Tbit/s Current * FARICE-1, 2 fibe ...

List of newspapers in Iceland The number of national daily newspapers in Iceland was just five in 1950 and in 1965. This is a list of both current and defunct newspapers in Iceland: Current daily newspapers * ''Fréttablaðið'' – founded in 2001 * '' Morgunblaðið'' – f ...

** List of postal codes in Iceland ** Telecommunications in Iceland ***

Internet in Iceland The use of the Internet in Iceland places Iceland among the top countries in the world in terms of Internet deployment and use. The use of internet in Iceland is widespread. Iceland has been at the forefront of adopting new internet access techno ...

Telephone numbers in Iceland Telephone numbers in Iceland are seven digits long and generally written in the form xxx xxxx or xxx-xxxx and the E.123 format specifies +354 xxx xxxx from abroad since the country code is +354. There are no area codes in this closed numberi ...

* Companies of Iceland **

List of companies of Iceland Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of and an area of , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavík. Reykjavík and the surrounding areas in ...

** Companies listed on the Iceland Stock Exchange *Currency of Iceland: Króna **

ISO 4217 ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that defines alpha codes and numeric codes for the representation of currencies and provides information about the relationships between individual cu ...

: ISK *

* Energy in Iceland **

Iceland Deep Drilling Project The Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) is a geothermal project established in 2000 by a consortium of the National Energy Authority of Iceland (Orkustofnun/OS) and four of Iceland's leading energy companies: Hitaveita Sudurnesja (HS), Landsvir ...

Power stations in Iceland Power most often refers to: * Power (physics), meaning "rate of doing work" ** Engine power, the power put out by an engine ** Electric power * Power (social and political), the ability to influence people or events ** Abusive power Power may ...

***

Icelandic hydroelectric power stations Iceland is a world leader in renewable energy. 100% of Iceland's electricity grid is produced from renewable resources. In terms of total energy supply, 85% of the total primary energy supply in Iceland is derived from domestically produced renew ...

** Renewable energy in Iceland *** Geothermal power in Iceland *

Healthcare in Iceland Iceland has a state-centred, publicly funded universal healthcare system and health insurance that covers the whole population. The number of private providers in Iceland has increased. The healthcare system is largely paid for by taxes (84%) and to ...

Emergency medical services in Iceland Emergency medical services in Iceland include the provision of ambulance service. They provide all emergency ambulance service for a population of in excess of 320,000 people in one of the most sparsely settled countries in Europe. The system is gov ...

List of hospitals in Iceland Iceland has a state-centred, publicly funded universal healthcare system and health insurance that covers the whole population. The number of private providers in Iceland has increased. The healthcare system is largely paid for by taxes (84%) and to ...

Iceland Stock Exchange The Nasdaq Iceland, formerly known as the Iceland Stock Exchange (XICE) ( is, Kauphöll Íslands), is a stock exchange located in Iceland. It was established in 1985 as a joint venture of several banks and brokerage firms on the initiative of the ...

Tourism in Iceland Tourism in Iceland has grown considerably in economic significance in the past 15 years. As of 2016, the tourism industry is estimated to contribute about 10 percent to the Icelandic GDP; the number of foreign visitors exceeded 2,000,000 for the f ...

* Trade unions ** Confederation of State and Municipal Employees of Iceland **

Icelandic Federation of Labour The Icelandic Confederation of Labour (ASÍ) (Icelandic: Alþýðusamband Íslands) is a trade union centre in Iceland. It was formed in 1916 and has a membership of 104,500, approximately half of the Icelandic workforce. The ASÍ is affiliated ...

* Transport in Iceland ** Airports in Iceland **

Rail transport in Iceland As of January 2023, Iceland does not have a public railway system. However there have been three small railways in the past. The main reasons for the lack of railways are the small population, competition with automobile traffic, and the harsh envir ...

- Iceland has no public rail system. ** Roads in Iceland *** Highway system of Iceland ***

Road signs in Iceland Iceland never ratified the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, but road signs in Iceland conform to the general pattern of those used in most other European countries, with certain design elements borrowed from Danish and Swedish practic ...

*** Speed limits in Iceland ***

Street names in Iceland Street names in Iceland typically consist of two elements. The first element is chosen in alphabetical order and conforming to the neighbourhood's theme (usually nature-related), and the second element is shared by all the streets in a neighbourho ...

***

Tunnels in Iceland There are 14 open road tunnels in Iceland in the Icelandic road system. Additionally, there is one road tunnel only for use by a silicon plant in Húsavík. Tunnels in Iceland are usually built under mountains to prevent winter isolation of rem ...

** Vehicle registration plates of Iceland

Education in Iceland

Education in Iceland The system of education in Iceland is divided in four levels: playschool, compulsory, upper secondary and higher, and is similar to that of other Nordic countries. Education is mandatory for children aged 6–16. Most institutions are funded by th ...

* Academic grading in Iceland *

Icelandic Student Loan Fund The Icelandic Student Loan Fund (Icelandic: ''Lánasjóður íslenskra námsmanna'' or ''LÍN'') is a government-funded and government-run student loan fund for Icelandic citizens. It provides loans for living expenses of up to seven years of univer ...

* List of schools in Iceland *

Universities in Iceland This is a list of universities in Iceland. Universities and colleges There are seven universities in Iceland as defined by law. No distinction is made between research universities and other tertiary colleges. Both types are referred to as "hásk ...

University of Iceland The University of Iceland ( is, Háskóli Íslands ) is a public research university in Reykjavík, Iceland and the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. Founded in 1911, it has grown steadily from a small civil servants' s ...

*** National and University Library of Iceland

References

External links

Gateway to Iceland

Government Offices of Iceland

Icelandic Government Information Center
* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Iceland