Demogorgon is a

deity A deity or god is a supernatural being who is considered divine or sacred. The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines deity as a god or goddess, or anything revered as divine. C. Scott Littleton defines a deity as "a being with powers greate ...

demon A demon is a malevolent supernatural entity. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs in religion, occultism, literature, fiction, mythology, and folklore; as well as in media such as comics, video games, movies, ani ...

associated with the

underworld The underworld, also known as the netherworld or hell, is the supernatural world of the dead in various religious traditions and myths, located below the world of the living. Chthonic is the technical adjective for things of the underworld. ...

. Although often ascribed to

Greek mythology A major branch of classical mythology, Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the Ancient Greece, ancient Greeks, and a genre of Ancient Greek folklore. These stories concern the Cosmogony, origin and Cosmology#Metaphysical co ...

, the name probably arises from an unknown copyist's misreading of a commentary by a fourth-century scholar,

Lactantius Placidus Lactantius Placidus (c. 350 – c. 400 AD) was the presumed author of a commentary on Statius's poem ''Thebaid''. Wilhelm Siegmund Teuffel considered him to be the same person as Luctatius Placidus, the ostensible author of a medieval Latin glo ...

. The concept itself can be traced back to the original misread term

demiurge In the Platonic, Neopythagorean, Middle Platonic, and Neoplatonic schools of philosophy, the demiurge () is an artisan-like figure responsible for fashioning and maintaining the physical universe. The Gnostics adopted the term ''demiurge''. Al ...

Etymology

The origins of the name ''Demogorgon'' are not entirely clear, though the most prevalent scholarly view now considers it to be a misreading of the Greek δημιουργόν (''dēmiourgón'',

accusative case The accusative case (abbreviated ) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. In the English language, the only words that occur in the accusative case are pronouns: 'me,' 'him,' 'her,' 'us,' and ‘the ...

form of δημιουργός, '

') based on the manuscript variations in the earliest known explicit reference in Lactantius Placidus (Jahnke 1898, Sweeney 1997, Solomon 2012).

Boccaccio Giovanni Boccaccio (, , ; 16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian people, Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanism, Renaissance humanist. Born in the town of Certaldo, he became so we ...

, in his influential ''

Genealogia Deorum Gentilium ''Genealogia deorum gentilium'', known in English as ''On the Genealogy of the Gods of the Gentiles'', is a mythography or encyclopedic compilation of the tangled family relationships of the classical pantheons of Ancient Greece and Rome, writt ...

'', cites a now-lost work by

Theodontius Theodontius was the author of a now lost Latin work on mythology. He was extensively quoted in Giovanni Boccaccio's ''Genealogia Deorum Gentilium'', but is otherwise almost unknown. Boccaccio says that he knew Theodontius's work through the ''Colle ...

and that master's acknowledged Byzantine source " Pronapides the Athenian" as authority for the idea that Demogorgon is the antecedent of all the gods. Art historian

Jean Seznec Jean Seznec (19 March 1905, in Morlaix – 22 November 1983, in Oxford) was a historian and mythographer whose most influential book, for English-speaking readers, is ''La Survivance des dieux antiques'' (1940), translated as '' The Survival of t ...

concludes that "Demogorgon is a grammatical error, become god." The name variants cited by Ricardus Jahnke include the Latin "demoirgon", "emoirgon", "demogorgona", "demogorgon", with the first critical editor Friedrich Lindenbrog (Fridericus Tiliobroga) having conjectured "δημιουργόν" as the prototype in 1600. Various other theories suggest that the name is derived from a combination of the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

words δαίμων ''

daimon Daimon or Daemon ( Ancient Greek: , "god", "godlike", "power", "fate") originally referred to a lesser deity or guiding spirit such as the daimons of ancient Greek religion and mythology and of later Hellenistic religion and philosophy. The wor ...

'' ('

spirit Spirit or spirits may refer to: Liquor and other volatile liquids * Spirits, a.k.a. liquor, distilled alcoholic drinks * Spirit or tincture, an extract of plant or animal material dissolved in ethanol * Volatile (especially flammable) liquids, ...

' given the Christian connotations of 'demon' in the early Middle Ages)—or, less likely δῆμος '' dêmos'' ("people")—and γοργός ''gorgós'' ("quick") or Γοργών '' Gorgṓn'', the monsters of Ancient Greek mythology first attested in

Hesiod Hesiod (; grc-gre, Ἡσίοδος ''Hēsíodos'') was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded by western authors as 'the first written poet i ...

's ''

Theogony The ''Theogony'' (, , , i.e. "the genealogy or birth of the gods") is a poem by Hesiod (8th–7th century BC) describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed . It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek and contains 10 ...

''.

Derivation and history

Demogorgon is first mentioned in the commentary on

Statius Publius Papinius Statius (Greek: Πόπλιος Παπίνιος Στάτιος; ; ) was a Greco-Roman poet of the 1st century CE. His surviving Latin poetry includes an epic in twelve books, the ''Thebaid''; a collection of occasional poetry, ...

's ''

Thebaid The Thebaid or Thebais ( grc-gre, Θηβαΐς, ''Thēbaïs'') was a region in ancient Egypt, comprising the 13 southernmost nomes of Upper Egypt, from Abydos to Aswan. Pharaonic history The Thebaid acquired its name from its proximity to ...

'' often attributed in manuscripts to a

, (c. 350–400 AD). The Lactantius Placidus commentary became the most common medieval commentary on the poem by Statius and is transmitted in most early editions up to 1600. The commentary has been attributed incorrectly to a different Lactantius, the Christian author Lucius Caelius Firmianus Lactantius, even though the commentator appears to have been

Mithraic Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras, was a Roman mystery religion centered on the god Mithras. Although inspired by Iranian worship of the Zoroastrian divinity (''yazata'') Mithra, the Roman Mithras is linke ...

. The name ''Demogorgon'' is introduced in a discussion of ''Thebaid'' 4.516, which mentions "the supreme being of the threefold world" (''triplicis mundi summum''). In one manuscript, the author says of Statius, ''Dicit deum Demogorgona summum, cuius scire nomen non licet'' ("He is speaking of the Demogorgon, the supreme god, whose name it is not permitted to know", or perhaps "He is speaking of a god, the supreme Demogorgon"). Prior to Lactantius, there is no mention of the supposed "Demogorgon" anywhere by any writer, pagan or Christian. However, as noted above, there are several different manuscript traditions, including one that gives "demoirgon", which has been taken by most critical editors to indicate some form of misconstruction of the Greek ''dēmiourgon''. Jahnke thus restores the text to read "He is speaking of the Demiurge, whose name it is not permitted to know". However, this phantom word in one of the manuscript traditions took on a life of its own among later scholars. In the Early Middle Ages, Demogorgon is mentioned in the tenth-century ''Adnotationes super Lucanum'', a series of short notes to

Lucan Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November 39 AD – 30 April 65 AD), better known in English as Lucan (), was a Roman poet, born in Corduba (modern-day Córdoba), in Hispania Baetica. He is regarded as one of the outstanding figures of the Imperial ...

's ''

Pharsalia ''De Bello Civili'' (; ''On the Civil War''), more commonly referred to as the ''Pharsalia'', is a Roman epic poem written by the poet Lucan, detailing the civil war between Julius Caesar and the forces of the Roman Senate led by Pompey the Gre ...

'' that are included in the ''

Commenta Bernensia {{Short description, 10th-century manuscript The ''Commenta Bernensia'', also known as the Bern scholia, are commentaries or marginal notes in a 10th-century manuscript, Cod. 370, preserved in the Burgerbibliothek of Berne, Switzerland. The comment ...

'', the "Berne Scholia on Lucan". By the late Middle Ages, the reality of a primordial "Demogorgon" was so well fixed in the European imagination that "Demogorgon's son Pan" became a bizarre variant reading for "Hermes' son Pan" in one manuscript tradition of

's ''

Genealogia Deorum gentilium ''Genealogia deorum gentilium'', known in English as ''On the Genealogy of the Gods of the Gentiles'', is a mythography or encyclopedic compilation of the tangled family relationships of the classical pantheons of Ancient Greece and Rome, writt ...

'' ("Genealogies of the Gods":1.3–4 and 2.1), misreading a line in

Ovid Pūblius Ovidius Nāsō (; 20 March 43 BC – 17/18 AD), known in English as Ovid ( ), was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus. He was a contemporary of the older Virgil and Horace, with whom he is often ranked as one of the th ...

's ''

Metamorphoses The ''Metamorphoses'' ( la, Metamorphōsēs, from grc, μεταμορφώσεις: "Transformations") is a Latin narrative poem from 8 CE by the Roman poet Ovid. It is considered his ''magnum opus''. The poem chronicles the history of the wo ...

''. Boccaccio's ''Demogorgon'' is mentioned as a "primal" god in quite a few

Renaissance The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass ideas ...

texts, and impressively glossed "Demon-Gorgon," i.e., "Terror-Demon" or "God of the Earth". The French historian and mythographer

, for instance, now determines in ''Demogorgon'' an allusion to the

Demiurge In the Platonic, Neopythagorean, Middle Platonic, and Neoplatonic schools of philosophy, the demiurge () is an artisan-like figure responsible for fashioning and maintaining the physical universe. The Gnostics adopted the term ''demiurge''. Al ...

("Craftsman" or "Maker") of

Plato Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...

's ''Timaeus.'' For a remarkable early text identifying Ovid's Demiurge (1/1, here) as "sovereign Demogorgon", see the paraphrase of ''Metamorphoses'' I in Abraham France, ''The third part of the Countesse of Pembrokes Yuychurch'' (London, 1592), sig. A2v."

In literature

Demogorgon was taken up by Christian writers as a demon of Hell: Note, however, Milton does not refer to the inhabitants of Hell, but of an unformed region where

Chaos Chaos or CHAOS may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Fictional elements * Chaos (''Kinnikuman'') * Chaos (''Sailor Moon'') * Chaos (''Sesame Park'') * Chaos (''Warhammer'') * Chaos, in ''Fabula Nova Crystallis Final Fantasy'' * Cha ...

rules with Night. In Milton's epic poem Satan passes through this region while traveling from Hell to

Earth Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. While large volumes of water can be found throughout the Solar System, only Earth sustains liquid surface water. About 71% of Earth's surfa ...

. Demogorgon's name was earlier invoked by

Faust Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend based on the historical Johann Georg Faust ( 1480–1540). The erudite Faust is highly successful yet dissatisfied with his life, which leads him to make a pact with the Devil at a crossroads ...

us in Scene III of

Christopher Marlowe Christopher Marlowe, also known as Kit Marlowe (; baptised 26 February 156430 May 1593), was an English playwright, poet and translator of the Elizabethan era. Marlowe is among the most famous of the Elizabethan playwrights. Based upon the ...

's '' Doctor Faustus'' (1590) when the eponymous Doctor summons

Mephistopheles Mephistopheles (, ), also known as Mephisto, is a demon featured in German folklore. He originally appeared in literature as the demon in the Faust legend, and he has since appeared in other works as a stock character (see: Mephistopheles in t ...

with a Latin incantation. The sixteenth-century Dutch demonologist Johann Weyer described Demogorgon as the master of fate in hell's hierarchy. According to

Ariosto Ludovico Ariosto (; 8 September 1474 – 6 July 1533) was an Italian poet. He is best known as the author of the romance epic ''Orlando Furioso'' (1516). The poem, a continuation of Matteo Maria Boiardo's ''Orlando Innamorato'', describes the ...

's lesser work ''I Cinque Canti'', Demogorgon has a splendid temple palace in the Imavo mountains (today's Himalaya) where every five years

the Fates The Fates are a common motif in European polytheism, most frequently represented as a trio of goddesses. The Fates shape the destiny of each human, often expressed in textile metaphors such as spinning fibers into yarn, or weaving threads on ...

and genii are all summoned to appear before him and give an account of their actions. They travel through the air in various strange conveyances, and it is no easy matter to distinguish between their convention and a

Witches' Sabbath A Witches' Sabbath is a purported gathering of those believed to practice witchcraft and other rituals. The phrase became popular in the 20th century. Origins In 1668, Johannes Praetorius published his literary work "Blockes-Berges Verrichtu ...

. When elements of Ariosto's poem supplied

Philippe Quinault Philippe Quinault (; 3 June 1635 – 26 November 1688), French dramatist and librettist, was born in Paris. Biography Quinault was educated by the liberality of François Tristan l'Hermite, the author of ''Marianne''. Quinault's first play w ...

's libretto for

Jean-Baptiste Lully Jean-Baptiste Lully ( , , ; born Giovanni Battista Lulli, ; – 22 March 1687) was an Italian-born French composer, guitarist, violinist, and dancer who is considered a master of the French Baroque music style. Best known for his operas, he ...

's opera ''Roland'', performed at

Versailles The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, u ...

, 8 January 1685, Demogorgon was king of the fairies and master of ceremonies. Demogorgon also is mentioned in the Book II of the epic poem '' El Bernardo'' written in Mexico by

Bernardo de Balbuena Bernardo de Balbuena (c. 1561 in Valdepeñas, Spain – October 1627, in San Juan, Puerto Rico) was a Spanish poet. He was the first of a long series of Latin American poets who extolled the special beauties of the New World. Life Born in Val ...

and published in Spain in 1624. The passage tells how the fairy, "Alcina", visits Demogorgon in his infernal palace:

Aquí Demogorgon está sentado
en su banco fatal, cuyo decreto
de las supremas causas es guardado
por inviolable y celestial preceto.
Las parcas y su estambre delicado
a cuyo huso el mundo está sujeto,
la fea muerte y el vivir lucido
y el negro lago del oscuro olvido
— (Libro II, estrofa 19)

Demogorgon is mentioned in

Edmund Spenser Edmund Spenser (; 1552/1553 – 13 January 1599) was an English poet best known for ''The Faerie Queene'', an epic poem and fantastical allegory celebrating the Tudor dynasty and Elizabeth I. He is recognized as one of the premier craftsmen of ...

's ''

The Faerie Queene ''The Faerie Queene'' is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser. Books IIII were first published in 1590, then republished in 1596 together with books IVVI. ''The Faerie Queene'' is notable for its form: at over 36,000 lines and over 4,000 sta ...

'':

A bold bad man, that dar'd to call by name
Great Gorgon, Prince of darknesse and dead night,
At which
Cocytus Cocytus or Kokytos ( grc, Κωκυτός, literally "lamentation") is the river of wailing in the underworld in Greek mythology. Cocytus flows into the river Acheron, on the other side of which lies Hades, the underworld, the mythological abo ...
quakes, and Styx is put to flight.
— (Canto I, stanza 37)

and:

Downe in the bottome of the deepe ''Abysse''
Where ''Demogorgon'' in dull darknesse pent,
Farre from the view of Gods and heauens blis,
The hideous ''Chaos'' keepes, their dreadfull dwelling is.
— (Book IV, Canto ii, stanza 47)

Demogorgon is the central character in

Voltaire François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778) was a French Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher. Known by his ''Pen name, nom de plume'' M. de Voltaire (; also ; ), he was famous for his wit, and his ...

's 1756 short story "

Plato's Dream "Plato's Dream" (original French title "Songe de Platon") is a 1756 short story written in the 18th century by the French philosopher and satirist Voltaire. Along with his 1752 novella '' Micromégas'', "Plato's Dream" is among the first modern wor ...

" - a "lesser superbeing" who was responsible for creating the planet Earth. He is also the protagonist of an opera ''Il Demogorgone, ovvero il filosofo confuso'' ("Demogorgon, or the Confused Philosopher" by

Vincenzo Righini Vincenzo Maria Righini (22 January 1756 – 19 August 1812) was an Italian composer, singer and kapellmeister. Life and career Righini was born in Bologna and studied singing and composition with Padre Martini in his home town. Initially ...

(1786) with a libretto by

Lorenzo da Ponte Lorenzo Da Ponte (; 10 March 174917 August 1838) was an Italian, later American, opera librettist, poet and Roman Catholic priest. He wrote the libretti for 28 operas by 11 composers, including three of Mozart's most celebrated operas: ''The Marr ...

, which originally was written for

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his ra ...

. One of the lead characters pretends to be Demogorgon in

Johann Karl August Musäus Johann Karl August Musäus (29 March 1735 – 28 October 1787) was a popular German author and one of the first collectors of German folk stories, most celebrated for his ''Volksmärchen der Deutschen'' (1782–1787), a collection of German fairy ...

' literary fairy tale "" ('Roland's Squires') from (volume 1, 1782). In

Herman Melville Herman Melville (Name change, born Melvill; August 1, 1819 – September 28, 1891) was an American people, American novelist, short story writer, and poet of the American Renaissance (literature), American Renaissance period. Among his bes ...

's 1851 novel ''

Moby-Dick ''Moby-Dick; or, The Whale'' is an 1851 novel by American writer Herman Melville. The book is the sailor Ishmael (Moby-Dick), Ishmael's narrative of the obsessive quest of Captain Ahab, Ahab, captain of the whaler, whaling ship ''Pequod (Moby- ...

'', the first mate of the ship, ''Pequod'', Starbuck, describes the white whale as the "demigorgon " of the ship's "heathen crew" (see ch. XXXVIII, paragraph 2). Demogorgon also appears as a character in

Percy Bysshe Shelley Percy Bysshe Shelley ( ; 4 August 17928 July 1822) was one of the major English Romantic poets. A radical in his poetry as well as in his political and social views, Shelley did not achieve fame during his lifetime, but recognition of his achie ...

's '' Prometheus Unbound''. In this lyrical drama, Demogorgon is the offspring of

Jupiter Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the List of Solar System objects by size, largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, but ...

and

Thetis Thetis (; grc-gre, Θέτις ), is a figure from Greek mythology with varying mythological roles. She mainly appears as a sea nymph, a goddess of water, or one of the 50 Nereids, daughters of the ancient sea god Nereus. When described as ...

who eventually dethrones Jupiter. It is never mentioned whether Demogorgon, portrayed as a dark, shapeless spirit, is female or male. The theory of Demogorgon's name originating from Greek ''demos'' and ''gorgos'' may be the foundation for its use in this text as an allusion to a politically active and revolutionary populace. Shelley's allusions to the

French Revolution The French Revolution ( ) was a period of radical political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789 and ended with the formation of the French Consulate in November 1799. Many of its ideas are considere ...

further support this. In the poem "Demogorgon" by

Álvaro de Campos Álvaro de Campos (; October 15, 1890 – November 30, 1935) was one of the poet Fernando Pessoa's various heteronyms, widely known by his powerful and wrathful writing style. According to his author, this ''alter ego'' was born in Tavira, Portu ...

, the writer is afraid of becoming mad by learning the true nature and unveiling the mystery of life.

In popular culture

''Dungeons & Dragons''

In the ''

Dungeons & Dragons ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (commonly abbreviated as ''D&D'' or ''DnD'') is a fantasy tabletop role-playing game (RPG) originally designed by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson. The game was first published in 1974 by TSR (company)#Tactical Studies Rules ...

fantasy Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving Magic (supernatural), magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore. Its roots are in oral traditions, which then became fantasy ...

role-playing game A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game, RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of player character, characters in a fictional Setting (narrative), setting. Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within ...

, Demogorgon is a powerful demon prince. He is known as the Prince of Demons, a self-proclaimed title, but one that is acknowledged by mortals and even his fellow demons because of his power and influence. Demogorgon was also named as one of the greatest villains in ''D&D'' history by the final print issue of ''

Dragon A dragon is a reptilian legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures worldwide. Beliefs about dragons vary considerably through regions, but dragons in western cultures since the High Middle Ages have often been depicted as ...

''. He is depicted as a 7 foot tall, reptilian (or amphibious) hermaphroditic tanar'ri (a type of demon) with a somewhat humanoid form. Two

mandrill The mandrill (''Mandrillus sphinx'') is a large Old World monkey native to west central Africa. It is one of the most colorful mammals in the world, with red and blue skin on its face and posterior. The species is sexually dimorphic, as males ...

or hyena heads sprout from his twin snake-like necks, and his arms end in long tentacles. His two heads have individual minds. Demogorgon first appeared in the original edition of ''Dungeons and Dragons'', in ''

Eldritch Wizardry ''Eldritch Wizardry'' is a supplementary rulebook by Gary Gygax and Brian Blume, written for the original edition of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' (''D&D'') fantasy role-playing game, which included a number of significant additions to the core game ...

'' (1976), and has appeared in every subsequent edition of the game. He has also appeared in other ''Dungeons & Dragons'' products, such as in the novel ''Archmage'' by R.A. Salvatore and in the video game '' Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal''.

In television

Demogorgon is the name given to the otherworldly antagonist of the

Netflix Netflix, Inc. is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service and production company based in Los Gatos, California. Founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley, California, it offers a fil ...

original show ''

Stranger Things ''Stranger Things'' is an American science fiction horror drama television series created by the Duffer Brothers, who also serve as showrunners and are executive producers along with Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen. Produced by Monkey Massacre Prod ...

'', which began airing in 2016.''

People Magazine ''People'' is an American weekly magazine that specializes in celebrity news and human-interest stories. It is published by Dotdash Meredith, a subsidiary of IAC (company), IAC. With a readership of 46.6 million adults in 2009, ''People ...

'' article:
The Stranger Things Cast Reveals What It's Really Like Working with a Demogorgon
. This name is inspired by the ''

'' creature.

Video games

* Demogorgon is the final enemy in the game '' Forbidden Forest''. * In the game ''

NetHack ''NetHack'' is an open source single-player roguelike video game, first released in 1987 and maintained by the NetHack DevTeam. The game is a fork of the 1982 game ''Hack'', itself inspired by the 1980 game '' Rogue''. The player takes the role a ...

'', Demogorgon is infamous for being the most powerful monster in the game, though he rarely appears. * '' Fortnite: Battle Royale'' contains an outfit based on ''Stranger Things Demogorgon. It was added in 2019 along with other ''Stranger Things'' content. * ''

Dead by Daylight ''Dead by Daylight'' is an asymmetric multiplayer survival horror online game developed by Canadian studio Behaviour Interactive. It is a one-versus-four game in which one player takes on the role of a savage Killer and the other four play as Su ...

'' contains a playable killer based on ''Stranger Things Demogorgon. It was added in 2019 as part of a limited-time ''Stranger Things'' bundle. * The platform game ''

Roblox ''Roblox'' () is an online game platform and game creation system developed by Roblox Corporation that allows users to program games and play games created by other users. Created by David Baszucki and Erik Cassel in 2004 and released i ...

'' contains a costume based on Stranger Things' Demogorgon. It was added in 2021 as part of a limited-time ''Stranger Things'' collaboration.

Notes

References

Lactantius Placidus, ''ad Theb.'' 4.516, ed. Jahnke (1898) (Google books)Lactantius Placidus, ''ad Theb.'' 4.516, ed. Sweeney (1997) (Google books)
*P.van de Woestijne, "Les scholies à la Thébaïde de Stace: remarques et suggestions," ''L'Antiquité Classique'' n.s. 19 (1950), pp 149–63], dates the scholiast of Statius to ''ca'' 350 - 400 CE.
Dr Daniel Kinney, "Ovid Illustrated: The Renaissance Reception of Ovid in Image and Text"
*Solomon, Jon
"Boccaccio and the Ineffable, Aniconic God Demogorgon"
''International Journal of the Classical Tradition'', Vol. 19, No. 1 (MARCH 2012), pp. 31–62 *Sylvain Matton, "La figure de Démogorgon dans la littérature alchimique", in Didier Kahn and Sylvain Matton (ed.), ''Alchimie, art, histoire et mythes. Actes du 1er colloque international de la Société d'Étude de l'Histoire de l'Alchimie (Paris, Collège de France, 14-15-16 mars 1991)'', Textes et Travaux de Chrysopœia, 1, Paris: S.É.H.A.-Milan: Archè, 1995, p. 265-346. *Ogden, Daniel (2002). ''Magic, witchcraft, and ghosts in the Greek and Roman World,'' New York: Oxford University Press. ;Dungeons & Dragons * Bennie, Scott. "Setting Saintly Standards". ''

'' #79 (TSR, Nov 1983). * Carroll, Bart
''D&D'' Alumni: Demogorgon
* Gary Gygax, Gygax, Gary. ''Come Endless Darkness'' ( New Infinities, 1988). * Gygax, Gary. ''Dance of Demons'' (New Infinities, 1988). ** Gygax, Gary. ''

Dungeon Master's Guide The ''Dungeon Master's Guide'' (''DMG'' or ''DM's Guide''; in some printings, the ''Dungeon Masters Guide'' or ''Dungeon Master Guide'') is a book of rules for the fantasy role-playing game ''Dungeons & Dragons''. The ''Dungeon Master's Guide'' c ...

'' (TSR, 1979). * Gygax, Gary, and

Brian Blume Brian John Blume (January 12, 1950 – March 27, 2020) was an American game designer and writer, principally known as a former business partner of Gary Gygax at TSR, Inc., original publishers of the fantasy role-playing game ''Dungeons & Dragon ...

. ''

'' (TSR, 1976). * Holian, Gary. "The Death Knights of Oerth". ''

'' #290 (

Paizo Publishing Paizo Inc. (originally Paizo Publishing.) is an American role-playing game publishing company based in Redmond, Washington, best known for the tabletop role-playing game ''Pathfinder Roleplaying Game, Pathfinder''. The company's name is derived ...

, Dec 2001). * Holian, Gary. "Demogorgon's Champions: The Death Knights of Oerth, part 2". ''Dragon'' #291 (Paizo Publishing, Jan 2002). * Jacobs, James. "The Demonomicon of Iggwilv: Demogorgon". ''Dragon #357 (Paizo Publishing, 2007). * Moore, Roger E. "A Stone's Throw Away". ''Dragon'' #85 (TSR, 1984). * Reynolds, Sean K. "The Lost Temple of Demogorgon". ''

Dungeon A dungeon is a room or cell in which prisoners are held, especially underground. Dungeons are generally associated with medieval castles, though their association with torture probably belongs more to the Renaissance period. An oubliette (from ...

'' #120 (Paizo Publishing, 2005). * Spitler, Jeff, and

Roger E Moore Roger E. Moore (born July 11, 1955, in Winchester, Kentucky) is a designer of role-playing games. He is best known for his long-running tenure as editor of '' Dragon'' magazine and was the founding editor of ''Dungeon'' magazine. Early life Mo ...

. "Meeting Demogorgon". ''Dragon'' #36 (TSR, 1980). * ''

Miniatures Handbook The ''Miniatures Handbook'' is an official supplement for the Editions of Dungeons & Dragons#Dungeons & Dragons v3.5, 3.5 edition of the ''Dungeons & Dragons'' roleplaying game. Contents The ''Miniatures Handbook'' is a ''Dungeons & Dragons'' s ...

'' (2003) (aspect) * ''D&D'' Miniatures: Archfiends set #45 (2004) (aspect) * ''Dungeon'' #150 (2007)

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The History of the Word 'Demogorgon'

Demogorgon in History and Pop Culture
{{Authority control Demons in Christianity European legendary creatures Greek mythology studies Christianity and Hellenistic religion Evil deities

Etymology

Derivation and history

In literature

In popular culture

''Dungeons & Dragons''

In television

Video games

See also

Notes

References

External links