''Jeon'' ( ko, 전, 煎) is a

fritter A fritter is a portion of meat, seafood, fruit, vegetables or other ingredients which have been Batter (cooking), battered or breading, breaded, or just a portion of dough without further ingredients, that is deep-frying, deep-fried. Fritters ar ...

Korean cuisine Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in Korea and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine reflects a complex interaction of the natural envi ...

made by seasoning whole, sliced, or minced fish, meat, vegetables, etc., and coating them with

wheat flour Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. Wheat varieties are called "soft" or "weak" if gluten content is low, and are called "hard" or "strong" if they have high gluten content. Hard flour, or ''bread ...

and

egg wash An egg wash is beaten eggs, sometimes mixed with another liquid such as water or milk, which is sometimes brushed onto the surface of a pastry before baking. Egg washes are also used as a step in the process of breading foods, providing a substra ...

before frying them in oil. ''Jeon'' can be made with ingredients such as

fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...

meat Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food. Humans have hunted, farmed, and scavenged animals for meat since prehistoric times. The establishment of settlements in the Neolithic Revolution allowed the domestication of animals such as chic ...

poultry Poultry () are domesticated birds kept by humans for their eggs, their meat or their feathers. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails, a ...

seafood Seafood is any form of sea life regarded as food by humans, prominently including fish and shellfish. Shellfish include various species of molluscs (e.g. bivalve molluscs such as clams, oysters and mussels, and cephalopods such as octopus an ...

, and

vegetable Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans or other animals as food. The original meaning is still commonly used and is applied to plants collectively to refer to all edible plant matter, including the flowers, fruits, stems, ...

, and be served as an appetizer, a '' banchan'' (side dish), or an '' anju'' (food served and eaten with drinks). Some jeons are sweet desserts; one such variety is called '' hwajeon'' (literally "flower ''jeon''").

Names

Although ''jeon'' can be considered a type of '' buchimgae'' in a wider sense, ''buchimgae'' and ''jeons'' are different dishes. ''Jeons'' are smaller and made with fewer ingredients than ''buchimgae''. ''Jeon'' can also be called ''jeonya'' (), especially in

Korean royal court cuisine Korean royal court cuisine (''Joseon Wangjo Gungjung yori'') was the style of cookery within Korean cuisine traditionally consumed at the court of the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1910. There has been a revival of this cookery s ...

context. ''Jeonya'' is sometimes called ''jeonyueo'' () or ''jeonyuhwa'' (). The variety of jeon made for

jesa Jesa (, ) is a ceremony commonly practiced in the East Asian cultural sphere. Jesa functions as a memorial to the ancestors of the participants. Jesa are usually held on the anniversary of the ancestor's death. The majority of Catholics, Budd ...

(ancestral rite) are called ''gannap'' (). ''Gannap'' are usually made of

beef liver The liver of mammals, fowl, and fish is commonly eaten as food by humans (see offal). Pork, lamb, veal, beef, chicken, goose, and cod livers are widely available from butchers and supermarkets while stingray and burbot livers are common in som ...

, omasum, or

Types

Almost all ''jeons'' are seasoned, coated with wheat flour and egg wash, and then pan-fried.

Meat

Jeon made of

red meat In gastronomy, red meat is commonly red when raw and a dark color after it is cooked, in contrast to white meat, which is pale in color before and after cooking. In culinary terms, only flesh from mammals or fowl (not fish) is classified as ...

and

were used extensively in

, while the food for ordinary folks tends to have some vegetable added to them. ''Yukjeon'' (, "meat ''jeon''") is a generic term for a variety of ''jeon'' made of meat. * ''Deunggol-jeon'' () – made of beef

spinal cord The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column (backbone). The backbone encloses the central canal of the spi ...

. * ''Donggeurang-ttaeng'' () – little patties made of beef, pork, or fish with crumbled tofu, chopped scallions and namuls. Called ''don-jeonya'' (, "

coin A coin is a small, flat (usually depending on the country or value), round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order t ...

jeonya") in

. * Meat jun – a popular Korean dish in

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; haw, Hawaii or ) is a state in the Western United States, located in the Pacific Ocean about from the U.S. mainland. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only stat ...

Korean royal court cuisine

* ''Chamsae-jeonya'' () – made of

sparrow Sparrow may refer to: Birds * Old World sparrows, family Passeridae * New World sparrows, family Passerellidae * two species in the Passerine family Estrildidae: ** Java sparrow ** Timor sparrow * Hedge sparrow, also known as the dunnock or hedg ...

meat. * ''Cheonyeop-jeonya'' () – made of beef omasum. * ''Daechang-jeonya'' () – made of boiled beef

intestine The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The GI tract contains all the major organs of the digestive system, in humans ...

. * ''Dak-jeonya'' () – made of

chicken The chicken (''Gallus gallus domesticus'') is a domesticated junglefowl species, with attributes of wild species such as the grey and the Ceylon junglefowl that are originally from Southeastern Asia. Rooster or cock is a term for an adult m ...

. * ''Gan-jeonya'' () – made of beef or pork

liver The liver is a major Organ (anatomy), organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for ...

. * ''Gogi-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced or finely minced beef. * ''Gol-jeonya'' () – made of boiled and sliced beef

brain A brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals. It is located in the head, usually close to the sensory organs for senses such as vision. It is the most complex organ in a v ...

or beef

. * ''Jeyuk-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced lean

pork Pork is the culinary name for the meat of the domestic pig (''Sus domesticus''). It is the most commonly consumed meat worldwide, with evidence of pig husbandry dating back to 5000 BCE. Pork is eaten both freshly cooked and preserved; ...

. * ''Mechuri-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced quail meat. * ''Nogyuk-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced

venison Venison originally meant the meat of a game animal but now refers primarily to the meat of antlered ungulates such as elk or deer (or antelope in South Africa). Venison can be used to refer to any part of the animal, so long as it is edible, in ...

. * ''Saengchi-jeonya'' () – made of pheasant meat. * ''Satae-jeonya'' () – made of boiled and thinly sliced beef shank. * ''Seonji-jeonya'' () – made of blanched and seasoned ''

seonji Many cultures consume blood, often in combination with meat. The blood may be in the form of blood sausage, as a thickener for sauces, a cured salted form for times of food scarcity, or in a blood soup. This is a product from domesticated a ...

'' (

blood Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood in the c ...

). * ''Soeseo-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced beef tongue. * ''Yang-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced beef

tripe Tripe is a type of edible lining from the stomachs of various farm animals. Most tripe is from cattle, pigs and sheep. Types of tripe Beef tripe Beef tripe is made from the muscle wall (the interior mucosal lining is removed) of a cow's st ...

. * ''Yangyuk-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced lamb.

Seafood

''Saengseon-jeon'' (, "fish ''jeon''") is a generic term for any ''jeon'' made of fish. White fish are usually preferred. ''Haemul-jeon'' (, "seafood ''jeon''") includes the ''jeon'' made of fish as well as

shellfish Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater envir ...

shrimp Shrimp are crustaceans (a form of shellfish) with elongated bodies and a primarily swimming mode of locomotion – most commonly Caridea and Dendrobranchiata of the decapod order, although some crustaceans outside of this order are refer ...

s, and

octopus An octopus ( : octopuses or octopodes, see below for variants) is a soft-bodied, eight- limbed mollusc of the order Octopoda (, ). The order consists of some 300 species and is grouped within the class Cephalopoda with squids, cuttle ...

es. * ''Daeha-jeon'' () – made of fleshy prawn. * ''Guljeon'' () – made of oysters. Called ''gul-jeonya'' () in

. * ''Haesam-jeon'' () – made of dried and soaked

sea cucumber Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea (). They are marine animals with a leathery skin and an elongated body containing a single, branched gonad. Sea cucumbers are found on the sea floor worldwide. The number of holothuria ...

s, usually with ground beef and crumbled tofu attached on them. Also called ''mwissam'' (). * ''Saeu-jeon'' () – made of peeled

. Called ''saeu-jeonya'' () in

. *''Daegu-jeon'' (대구전) - made of

codfish Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus ''Gadus'', belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus ''Gadus'' is commonly not calle ...

Korean royal court cuisine

* ''Baendaengi-jeonya'' () – made of a whole sardinella. * ''Baengeo-jeonya'' () – made of multiple halved

whitebait Whitebait is a collective term for the immature fry of fish, typically between long. Such young fish often travel together in schools along coasts, and move into estuaries and sometimes up rivers where they can be easily caught using fine-m ...

s * ''Bajirak-jeonya'' () – made of Manila clam. * ''Bangeo-jeonya'' () – made of salted and thinly sliced * ''Biut-jeonya'' () – made of

herring Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae. Herring often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast, found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, i ...

. * ''Bok-jeonya'' () – made of

pufferfish Tetraodontidae is a family of primarily marine and estuarine fish of the order Tetraodontiformes. The family includes many familiar species variously called pufferfish, puffers, balloonfish, blowfish, blowies, bubblefish, globefish, swellfis ...

. * ''Bugeo-jeonya'' () – made of dried pollock. * ''Bungeo-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced

carp Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. While carp is consumed in many parts of the world, they are generally considered an invasive species in parts of ...

. * ''Bure-jeonya'' () – made by stuffing the

swim bladder The swim bladder, gas bladder, fish maw, or air bladder is an internal gas-filled Organ (anatomy), organ that contributes to the ability of many bony fish (but not cartilaginous fish) to control their buoyancy, and thus to stay at their curren ...

of a croaker with croaker flesh and ground beef, then sealining and boiling it, and slicing it before coating it with wheat flour and egg wash and pan-frying it. * ''Daegu-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced

cod Cod is the common name for the demersal fish genus '' Gadus'', belonging to the family Gadidae. Cod is also used as part of the common name for a number of other fish species, and one species that belongs to genus ''Gadus'' is commonly not call ...

. * ''Domi-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced

sea bream The Sparidae are a family of fish in the order Perciformes, commonly called sea breams and porgies. The sheepshead, scup, and red seabream are species in this family. Most sparids are deep-bodied compressed fish with a small mouth separated by a ...

. * ''Gajami-jeonya'' () – made of

flatfish A flatfish is a member of the Ray-finned fish, ray-finned demersal fish order (biology), order Pleuronectiformes, also called the Heterosomata, sometimes classified as a suborder of Perciformes. In many species, both eyes lie on one side of the ...

flesh crushed with

and chopped scallions. * ''Garimat-jeonya'' () – made of razor clam. * ''Ge-jeonya'' () – made of a whole

crab Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" (abdomen) ( el, βραχύς , translit=brachys = short, / = tail), usually hidden entirely under the thorax. They live in all the ...

. * ''Godeungeo-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced chub mackerel. * ''Iri-jeonya'' () – made of salted

milt Milt is the seminal fluid of fish, mollusks, and certain other water-dwelling animals which reproduce by spraying this fluid, which contains the sperm, onto roe (fish eggs). It can also refer to the sperm sacs or testes that contain the semen. ...

. * ''Jogae-jeonya'' () – made of

. * ''Junchi-jeonya'' () – made of elongate ilisha. * ''Mikkuri-jeonya'' () – made of salted

pond loach The pond loach (''Misgurnus anguillicaudatus''), also known as the Dojo loach or oriental weatherfish, is a freshwater fish in the loach family Cobitidae. They are native to East Asia but are also popular as an aquarium fish and introduced else ...

. * ''Mineo-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced croaker. * ''Myeolchi-jeonya'' () – made of salted anchovy. * ''Nakji-jeonya'' () – made of skinned and thinly sliced long arm octopus. * ''Neopchi-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced olive flounder. * ''Samchi-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced and salted seerfish. * ''Ssogari-jeonya'' () – made of

golden mandarin fish The golden mandarin fish (''Siniperca scherzeri''), also known as the leopard mandarin fish, is a species of freshwater ray-finned fish, an Asian perch from the family Sinipercidae, which is native to eastern Asia (Korea, China, and Vietnam). Thi ...

. * ''Sungeo-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced mullet. * ''Yeoneo-jeonya'' () – made of thinly sliced

salmon Salmon () is the common name for several list of commercially important fish species, commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the family (biology), family Salmonidae, which are native to tributary, tributaries of the ...

Vegetables and mushrooms

''Chaeso-jeon'' (, "vegetable ''jeon''") is a generic term for any ''jeon'' made of vegetables. * ''

Gamja-jeon ''Gamja-jeon'' * () or potato pancakes is a variety of '' jeon'', or Korean style pancake, made by pan-frying finely grated potato on a frying pan with any type of vegetable oil until golden brown. History Potatoes may have been introduced ...

'' () – made of shredded

potato The potato is a starchy food, a tuber of the plant ''Solanum tuberosum'' and is a root vegetable native to the Americas. The plant is a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern Unit ...

. Also can be made of grated, squeezed potato with

potato starch Potato starch is starch extracted from potatoes. The cells of the root tubers of the potato plant contain leucoplasts (starch grains). To extract the starch, the potatoes are crushed, and the starch grains are released from the destroyed cells. Th ...

and vegetables added to it. * '' Pajeon'' () – made of scallions. ''

Dongnae-pajeon ''Pajeon'' (, ) is a variety of ''jeon (food), jeon'' with Allium × proliferum, scallion as its prominent ingredient, as ''pa'' () means scallion. It is a Korean dish made from a batter of Egg (food), eggs, wheat flour, rice flour, Allium × pr ...

'' is usually made of whole scallions. Seafood is added in '' haemul-pajeon'' (literally "seafood pajeon"). * ''Deodeok-jeon'' (), made of lance asiabell. * ''Dubu-jeon'' () – made of sliced tofu. Called ''dubu-jeonya'' () in

. * ''Gaji-jeon'' () – made of thinly sliced

eggplant Eggplant ( US, Canada), aubergine ( UK, Ireland) or brinjal (Indian subcontinent, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae. ''Solanum melongena'' is grown worldwide for its edible fruit. Mos ...

. * ''Gamnip-jeon'' () – * ''Gochu-jeon'' () – made of deseeded green

chili pepper Chili peppers (also chile, chile pepper, chilli pepper, or chilli), from Nahuatl '' chīlli'' (), are varieties of the berry-fruit of plants from the genus ''Capsicum'', which are members of the nightshade family Solanaceae, cultivated for ...

, filled with ground meat and crumbled tofu. * ''Gosari-jeon'' (), made with

bracken Bracken (''Pteridium'') is a genus of large, coarse ferns in the family Dennstaedtiaceae. Ferns (Pteridophyta) are vascular plants that have alternating generations, large plants that produce spores and small plants that produce sex cells (eggs ...

. * ''Gugyeop-jeon'' () – made of leaves of chrysanths. * ''Hobak-jeon'' (), made of thinly sliced

Korean zucchini Aehobak ( ko, 애호박), also called Korean zucchini or Korean courgette, is an edible, green to yellow-green summer squash. Although nearly all summer squashes are varieties of ''Cucurbita pepo'', aehobak belongs to the species ''Cucurbita mos ...

* ''Mukjeon'' () – made of thinly sliced and dried muk of three different colours. Called ''muk-jeonya'' () in

. * ''Pyogo-jeon'' (), made of shiitake mushrooms and ground beef. * ''Samsaekjeon'' () – literally "three colour ''jeon''". Made of mushrooms, green

s, and

onion An onion (''Allium cepa'' L., from Latin ''cepa'' meaning "onion"), also known as the bulb onion or common onion, is a vegetable that is the most widely cultivated species of the genus ''Allium''. The shallot is a botanical variety of the onion ...

s. * ''Ssukjeon'' () – made of

mugwort Mugwort is a common name for several species of aromatic flowering plants in the genus ''Artemisia.'' In Europe, mugwort most often refers to the species '' Artemisia vulgaris'', or common mugwort. In East Asia the species '' Artemisia argyi'' i ...

. * ''Buchu-jeon'' () – made of garlic chives.

Korean royal court cuisine

* ''Baechu-jeonya'' () – made of the white part of

napa cabbage Napa cabbage (''Brassica rapa'' subsp. ''pekinensis'' or ''Brassica rapa'' Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China that is widely used in Asian cuisine#East Asia, East Asian cuisine. Since the ...

or washed kimchi, with ground beef. * ''Baekhap-jeonya'' () – made of sliced scaly bulbs of

lily ''Lilium'' () is a genus of Herbaceous plant, herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in mu ...

. * ''Beoseot-jeonya'' () – made of sliced mushrooms. * ''Bibimbap-jeonya'' () – made of a spoonful or two of bibimbap. * ''Doraji-jeonya'' () – made of soaked and shredded

balloon flower ''Platycodon grandiflorus'' (from Ancient Greek "wide" and "bell") is a species of herbaceous flowering perennial plant of the family Campanulaceae, and the only member of the genus ''Platycodon''. It is native to East Asia (China, Korea, Japa ...

roots. * ''Gangnangkong-jeonya'' () – made of unripe beans. * ''Seogi-jeonya'' () – made of wide stone ear mushrooms. * ''Songi-jeonya'' () – made of matsutake mushrooms. * ''Yangpa-jeonya'' () – made of sliced

s. * ''Yeongeun-jeonya'' () – made of grated and strained lotus root.

Flower

'' Hwajeon'' (, "flower ''jeon''") is a generic term for any ''jeon'' made of edible flowers. '' Hwajeons'' are usually sweet, with

honey Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several bees, the best-known of which are honey bees. Honey is made and stored to nourish bee colonies. Bees produce honey by gathering and then refining the sugary secretions of plants (primar ...

as an ingredient. ''Jeon'' made of jujube is sometimes called ''hwajeon''. * ''Chijahwa-jeon'' () – made of

gardenia ''Gardenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the coffee family, Rubiaceae, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, Madagascar and Pacific Islands, and Australia. The genus was named by Carl Linnaeus and John Ellis aft ...

flowers. * ''Gukhwa-jeon'' () – made of chrysanths flowers. * ''Jangmi-hwajeon'' () – made of

rose A rose is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ''Rosa'' (), in the family Rosaceae (), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be ...

s. * ''Jindallae-hwajeon'' () – made of

rhododendron ''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nati ...

flowers. ''Jindallae-hwajeon'' is a special food item associated with Samjinnal. * ''Okjamhwa-jeon'' () – made of plantain lily buds.

Gallery

File:Baechu-jeon 2.jpg, ''Baechu-jeon'' (pan-fried napa cabbage) File:Donggeurang-ttaeng.jpg, ''Donggeurang-ttaeng'' (pan-fried meatballs) File:Korean pan cake-Dongnae pajeon-01.jpg, ''

'' ( scallion pancakes, of

Dongnae District Dongnae District is a '' gu'' in central Busan, South Korea. Administrative divisions It has a population of about 300,000, and an area of 16.7 square kilometers. It was once a separate city, the principal port of southeastern Korea. Numerous ...

Busan Busan (), officially known as is South Korea's most populous city after Seoul, with a population of over 3.4 million inhabitants. Formerly romanized as Pusan, it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, w ...

) File:Dureup-gaji-jeon 2.jpg, ''

Dureup ''Aralia elata'', the Japanese angelica tree, Chinese angelica-tree, or Korean angelica-tree, is a woody plant belonging to the family Araliaceae. It is known as ''tara-no-ki'' (; ) in Japanese, and ''dureup-namu'' () in Korean. Description It i ...

gaji Gaji (Gaji cloth) is a coarse cloth made primarily of cotton or silk that is used for native Indian dresses. Structure Gaji was similar to khaddar, a rough, coarse material made on handloom by local Julahas (weavers) with cotton or silk. A compa ...

-jeon'' (pan-fried angelica-tree shoot) File:Korean pancake-Gochujeon-01.jpg, ''Gochu-jeon'' (pan-fried

s) File:Guljeon.jpg, ''Guljeon'' (pan-fried oysters) File:Hobakjeon (aehobak jeon).jpg, ''Hobak-jeon'' (pan-fried

) File:Korean pancake-Jindallae hwajeon-03.jpg, '' Hwajeon'' (flower pancakes) File:Jeonbok-jeon.jpg, '' Jeonbok-jeon'' (pan-fried abalones) File:Kkaennipjeon (perilla).jpg, ''Kkaennip-jeon'' (pan-fried perilla leaves) File:Korean.pancake-Saengseon jeon-01.jpg, ''Saengseon-jeon'' (pan-fried

) File:Yukjeon 2.jpg, ''Yukjeon'' (literally ‘meat jeon’, although specifically referring to pan-fried beef slices)

Notes

References

* * {{Portal bar, Food Korean pancakes Korean cuisine Pancakes Rain

Names

Types

Meat

Korean royal court cuisine

Seafood

Korean royal court cuisine

Vegetables and mushrooms

Korean royal court cuisine

Flower

Gallery

See also

Notes

References