Dutch jazz refers to the

jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...

music of the

Netherlands ) , anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau") , image_map = , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands , established_title = Before independence , established_date = Spanish Netherl ...

. The Dutch traditionally have a vibrant jazz scene as shown by the North Sea Jazz Festival as well as other venues.

History

Early period

In the Netherlands jazz began around 1919 to 1921. In the early thirties

Paul Whiteman Paul Samuel Whiteman (March 28, 1890 – December 29, 1967) was an American bandleader, composer, orchestral director, and violinist. As the leader of one of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s and early 1930s, W ...

and Duke Ellington would perform in the nation sparking further interest. By the late 1930s the Dutch jazz group

The Ramblers The Ramblers is the trading name of the Ramblers Association, Great Britain's leading walking charity. The Ramblers is also a membership organisation with around 100,000 members and a network of volunteers who maintain and protect the path ...

performed with

Coleman Hawkins Coleman Randolph Hawkins (November 21, 1904 – May 19, 1969), nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.Yanow, Scot"Coleman Hawkins: Artist Biography" AllMusic. Retrieved December 27, 2013. One of the first p ...

among others. The AVRO employed the Dutch Dick Willebrandts between 1937 and 1940 as a pianist with the AVRO Dance Orchestra the bandleader of which was the clarinetist Hans Mossel. Willebrandts also wrote arrangements for the AVRO Dance Orchestra. Still there was some discomfort with the jazz clubs and fear the musicians would be corrupting on Dutch women. In addition to that the staffs were often Surinamese and racial aspects came into play at times. The clubs also had Surinamese musicians like Teddy Cotton.

The occupation and WWII

At first jazz in the Netherlands was not curtailed by

Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

's occupation. In 1940 the US was not yet at war with Germany so the music was given a degree of freedom. Still restrictions on Jewish musicians had some effect and caused the Ramblers to fire several musicians. In some cases, however, Dutch jazz musicians aided Nazi propaganda at this point. In March 1941 the Nazis took over the control of the Dutch radio and the AVRO Dance Orchestra was forced to disband. However, Willebrandts was able to continue to perform for the Dutch radio. In 1942 he was able to form a

big band A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Big bands originated during the early 1910s ...

, Dick Willebrandts and His Dance Orchestra, which became one of the most popular jazz big bands in the Netherlands. Recordings were made by Decca Records, the label who also sponsored his concert tours in the Netherlands. The situation began to deteriorate in 1941 as the war with the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

and then the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territori ...

led to restrictions. At first this limited them to performing in theatres and prohibited English-language names for bands. In time groups were forbidden to use the word "jazz" and restrictions grew severe. In some cases musicians adjusted by switching to Polynesian music, but in the case of Jewish musicians life became perilous. Later there would also be repressions of the Surinamese jazz musicians for being "Non-Aryan".

Post-war

Dutch jazz musicians had reflected Americans before the war and this continued to varying degrees until the late 1950s. In the 1970s jazz gained acceptance in

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"Ne ...

Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Amstel'') is the capital and most populous city of the Netherlands, with The Hague being the seat of government. It has a population of 907,976 within the city proper, 1,558,755 in the urban ar ...

, and government funding. Since then many jazz musicians choose the

as a place to study or settle. Examples of this include Sean Bergin,

Cab Kaye Nii-lante Augustus Kwamlah Quaye (3 September 1921 – 13 March 2000), known professionally as Cab Kaye, was an English jazz singer and pianist of Ghanaian descent. He combined blues, stride piano, and scat with his Ghanaian heritage. Youth ...

, Wilbur Little, and Michael Moore.

Styles

Dutch jazz includes various styles although avant garde and

European free jazz European free jazz is a part of the global free jazz scene with its own development and characteristics. It is hard to establish who are the founders of European free jazz because of the different developments in different European countries. One c ...

has been significant in the last few decades. In addition to that

trad jazz Trad jazz, short for "traditional jazz", is a form of jazz in the United States and Britain in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, played by musicians such as Chris Barber, Acker Bilk, Kenny Ball, Ken Colyer and Monty Sunshine, based on a re ...

and

smooth jazz Smooth jazz is a genre of commercially-oriented crossover jazz and easy listening music that became dominant in the mid 1970s to the early 1990s. History Smooth jazz is a commercially oriented, crossover jazz which came to prominence in the 19 ...

, the latter perhaps exemplified by Candy Dulfer, also has many adherents. The Netherlands is also home to Stochelo Rosenberg, one of the leading living figures in

Gypsy jazz Gypsy jazz (also known as gypsy swing, jazz manouche or hot club-style jazz) is a style of small-group jazz originating from the Romani guitarist Jean "Django" Reinhardt (1910–53), in conjunction with the French swing violinist Stéphane G ...

. The

VPRO/Boy Edgar Award The VPRO/Boy Edgar Award, is an annual award given to a Dutch jazz musician, composer, or bandleader. The individual must have made significant contributions to the Dutch jazz scene over a significant period of time. The award is a sculpture by Dutc ...

is a jazz award from the Netherlands. This prize is given to an individual that must have made significant contributions to the Dutch jazz scene over a significant period of time. In 2008 the prize was given to Pierre Courbois.

Musicians

* Rob Agerbeek - pianist * Peter Beets - pianist *

Han Bennink Han Bennink (born 17 April 1942) is a Dutch drummer and percussionist. On occasion his recordings have featured him playing soprano saxophone, bass clarinet, trombone, violin, banjo and piano. Though perhaps best known as one of the pivotal fig ...

- Percussionist * Bert Boeren - Trombonist * Michiel Borstlap - Pianist and composer * Michiel Braam - Pianist and bandleader *

Willem Breuker Willem Breuker (4 November 1944 – 23 July 2010) was a Dutch bandleader, composer, arranger, saxophonist, and clarinetist. Career During the mid 1960s, he played with percussionist Han Bennink and pianist Misha Mengelberg, co-founding the I ...

- Bandleader and saxophonist * Bert van den Brink (nl) - Pianist and composer/arranger * Glenn Corneille - Pianist * Pierre Courbois - Drummer * Hans Dulfer - Saxophonist * Candy Dulfer - Saxophonist (Hans Dulfer's daughter) *

Max Geldray Max van Gelder (12 February 1916 – 2 October 2004), professionally known as Max Geldray, was a Dutch jazz harmonica player. Best known for providing musical interludes for the BBC radio comedy programme ''The Goon Show'', he was also cr ...

- Harmonica, comedy *

Hein van de Geyn Hein van de Geyn (born 18 July 1956) is a jazz double bassist, composer and band leader from the Netherlands. Van de Geyn also teaches double bass and music. Early life Hein van de Geyn was born in Schijndel, Netherlands on 18 July 1956. He st ...

- Double Bassist * Maarten van der Grinten (de) - Guitarist * Richard Hallebeek - Jazz-fusion * Benjamin Herman (Saxophonist) (de) *

Jasper van 't Hof Jasper van 't Hof (born 30 June 1947) is a Dutch jazz pianist and keyboard player. Van 't Hof was born in Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands, and began studying piano at the age of five. He played in jazz bands at school, and by the age of 19 wa ...

- Pianist and bandleader * John Hondorp - Organist * Yuri Honing - Saxophonist * Ilse Huizinga - Singer * Wessel Ilcken (de) (nl) - Drummer *

Eric Ineke Eric Ineke (born Haarlem, April 1, 1947) is a Dutch jazz drummer who started his career in the 1960s. After a few years of lessons of John Engels, he gained his first experience as jazzdrummer with singer Henny Vonk and tenorsaxophonist Ferdina ...

- Drummer *

Greetje Kauffeld Greetje Kauffeld (born 26 November 1939) is a Dutch jazz singer and Schlager musician. Biography Greetje Kauffeld was born in Rotterdam. As a child she sang hits by popular American singers and participated in school choir. When she was thirt ...

- Singer * Tim Kliphuis - Violinist * Frits Landesbergen - Drummer * Erik van der Luijt - Pianist * Rob Madna (nl) - Pianist and composer/arranger * Willem van Manen (de) (nl)- Trombonist, composer, Big Band leader * Johnny Meijer - Accordionist (folk and jazz) *

Misha Mengelberg Misha Mengelberg (5 June 1935 – 3 March 2017) was a Dutch jazz pianist and composer.Feather, Leonard & Gitler, Ira (2007) ''The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz'', p. 459. Oxford University Press. A prominent figure in post-WWII European Jazz ...

- Pianist and composer * Hans Mossel - Clarinetist, saxophonist and band leader *

Piet Noordijk Piet Noordijk (May 25, 1932 – October 8, 2011) was a Dutch saxophonist. Noordijk played with orchestras and big bands, including The Skymasters, The Ramblers and Malando. He was awarded the Wessel Ilcken Prize in 1965. Between 1978 and 1992, N ...

(de) (nl) - Saxophonist * Wim Overgaauw (nl) (de) - Guitarist * Tony Overwater (de) (nl) - Bassist *

Lodewijk Parisius Lodewijk Rudolf Arthur Parisius (July 23, 1911 in Hannover, Para District, Suriname – December 14, 1963) was a Surinamese/Dutch tenor saxophonist commonly known as "Kid Dynamite." He was noted for mixing jazz with Surinamese kaseko.

- Dutch/Surinamese tenor saxophonist *

Rita Reys Rita Reys (born Maria Everdina Reijs; 21 December 1924 – 28 July 2013) was a jazz singer from the Netherlands. She was promoted as "Europe's First Lady of Jazz". In the 1980s, Rita returned to the American Songbook, recording albums such as ...

- Singer *

Ernst Reijseger Ernst Reijseger (born 13 November 1954) is a Dutch cellist and composer. He specializes in avant-garde jazz, free jazz, improvised music, and contemporary classical music and often gives solo concerts. He has worked with Louis Sclavis, Dere ...

- Cellist * Han Reiziger (nl) - Pianist * Marc van Roon (nl) - Pianist * Toon Roos (de) - Saxophonist * Stochelo Rosenberg - Guitarist *

Jesse van Ruller Jesse van Ruller (born 21 January 1972) is a Dutch jazz guitarist and composer. He won the Thelonious Monk International Jazz Guitar Competition in 1995 and has recorded several albums as a leader and more as a sideman. Early life Van Ruller wa ...

(de) (nl) - Guitarist * Paulus Schäfer (nl)- Guitarist * Marzio Scholten - Guitarist * Cees Slinger (de) - Pianist * Jelle van Tongeren - Violinist * Joe Vanenkhuizen - Accordionist saxophonist and composer * Nelly Verschuur (nl) - Singer * Eric Vloeimans - Trumpeter * Wolter Wierbos - Trombonist * Dick Willebrandts - Piano and big band leader * Diederik Wissels - Piano

Bands

* Amsterdam Jazz Quintet - Modern Jazz. * Bik Bent Braam - Experimental big band *

Clusone Trio Clusone Trio, also known as Trio Clusone or Clusone 3, was a Dutch musical group active from the late 1980s to the late '90s, composed of saxophonist/clarinetist Michael Moore, cellist Ernst Reijseger and drummer Han Bennink. Initially planned to ...

- Modern jazz, free improvisation * Dick Willebrandts and His Dance Orchestra * Dutch Swing College Band -

Dixieland Dixieland jazz, also referred to as traditional jazz, hot jazz, or simply Dixieland, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century. The 1917 recordings by the Original Dixieland Jass Band ...

revival * New Cool Collective (nl) -

Edison Award The Edison Award is an annual Dutch music prize awarded for outstanding achievements in the music industry. It is comparable to the American Grammy Award. The Edison award itself is a bronze replica of a statuette of Thomas Edison, designed b ...

winners * Johnny & Jones (nl) * The Ploctones (nl) *

(nl) - Early Dutch jazz band and the longest surviving big band according to the Guinness World Records * Rosenberg Trio * The Skymasters (nl) - 1940s

Big band A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. Big bands originated during the early 1910s ...

* Tzigane Swing - Student Jazz Orchestra * Nillihc - acid jazz * MARUTYRI - jazz fusion

External links

Dutch jazz history site

Dutch Jazz Agency

References

{{World jazz