Doi Suthep–Pui National Park () is a

national park A national park is a nature park designated for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance. It is an area of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that is protecte ...

Chiang Mai Province Chiang Mai is the largest Provinces of Thailand, province (''changwat'') of Thailand by area. It lies in Northern Thailand#Regional classification of northern Thailand, upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It ...

Thailand Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula. With a population of almost 66 million, it spa ...

. It includes

Wat Phra That Doi Suthep Wat Phra That Doi Suthep (, , ) is a Theravada Buddhist temple (wat) in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The temple is often referred to as "Doi Suthep" although this is actually the name of the mountain where it is located. It is a sacred site to ...

, a

Buddhist Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

temple A temple (from the Latin ) is a place of worship, a building used for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. By convention, the specially built places of worship of some religions are commonly called "temples" in Engli ...

, and Bhubing Palace, the winter residence of the

Thai royal family The Chakri dynasty is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand. The head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin era and the city of Bangkok in 1782; f ...

. The park is a protected area for flora, fauna, and habitat.

History

The former name of the area is Doi Aoi Chang. The name Doi Suthep was inspired by a

hermit A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions. Description In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Chr ...

named Prarusiwa Suthep who once lived in the local forest. In 1973, the

Royal Forest Department The Royal Forest Department (Abbreviation, Abrv: RFD; , ) is a department in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (Thailand), Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), part of the Government of Thailand. History On 18 Se ...

proposed that this and 13 other forests be designated national parks. It became the 24th national park of Thailand when it was official established on 14 April 1981. Today it includes 160,812 rai ~ of territory. no 24

Geography and climate

The mountainous landscape is part of the

Thanon Thong Chai Range The Thanon Thong Chai Range (, , formerly Thanon Range; Burmese ''Tanen Taunggyi'') is a mountain range in northern Thailand. Its tallest peak is Doi Inthanon, the highest point in Thailand. Most of the range is in Chiang Mai Province, with ...

. The three main peaks are

Doi Suthep Doi Suthep (ดอยสุเทพ), is a mountain ("doi") west of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is in elevation and is one of the twin peaks of a granite mountain. The other peak is known as Doi Pui and is slightly higher (). Doi Suthep is from ...

, Doi Buak Ha, and

Doi Pui Doi Pui (), is a mountain ("doi") west of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is in elevation and is one of the twin peaks of a granite mountain. The other peak is known as Doi Suthep Doi Suthep (ดอยสุเทพ), is a mountain ("doi") west of ...

, the latter of which is tallest at . The climate is cool, with an average temperature around . Low winter temperatures can reach . Late summer is the rainy season, with daily precipitation.

Flora

More than 2,000 species of

vascular plant Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes (, ) or collectively tracheophyta (; ), are plants that have lignin, lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They also have a specialized non-lignified Ti ...

s have been documented in the national park. The park is forested, with

evergreen forest An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as conifers and holly in cold climates, eucalyptus, live oak, acacias, magnolia, and banksia in more temperate zo ...

above and

deciduous forest In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flo ...

below. Mixed deciduous-evergreen forest occurs in gullies and along streams. Common trees include oaks, dipterocarps, and trees of the magnolia family. There are many

waterfall A waterfall is any point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf. Waterfalls can be formed in seve ...

s. The forests in the park are divided into two main types of forests. Deciduous forests are found up to about 900-1,000 meters above sea level, while lower montane evergreen forests are found starting from about 900-1,000 meters above sea level. The dipterocarp deciduous forest is primarily composed of ''

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ''Dipterocarpus tuberculatus'' ( Khmer ''khlông'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used in Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh Indian English ''gurjuntree''Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, 1952 ...

'', ''

Dipterocarpus obtusifolius ''Dipterocarpus obtusifolius'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found throughout Southeast Asia, including Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.DY PHON Pauline, 2000, ''Plants Used In Cambodia'', sel ...

'', ''

Shorea siamensis ''Shorea siamensis'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to most of mainland Southeast Asia. Uses In Cambodia, ''Shorea siamensis'' (known in Khmer as រាំងភ្នំ – Raing Phnom) is rare and most oft ...

'', and ''

Shorea obtusa ''Shorea obtusa'', the Siamese sal, is a species of hardwood tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Southeast Asia. Distribution and habitat ''Shorea obtusa'' is native to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It grows in relat ...

''. The oak species '' Quercus kerrii'' is also found in the deciduous forest. Other major non-dipterocarp tree species in the deciduous forest are ''

Pterocarpus macrocarpus ''Pterocarpus macrocarpus'', or Burma padauk, is a species of tree in the family ''Fabaceae''. It is native to the seasonal tropical forests of southeastern Asia: in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. It has been naturalized in India ...

'', ''

Xylia xylocarpa ''Xylia xylocarpa'' is a species of tree In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, e.g., including only ...

'', '' Terminalia mucronata'', '' Terminalia alata'', and '' Vitex peduncularis''.Khamyong, Nuttaluck, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Sutthathorn Chairuangsri, Angkhana Inta, and Pimonrat Tiansawat (2018)
Tree Species Composition and Height-diameter Allometry of Three Forest Types in Northern Thailand
''CMU J. Nat. Sci.'' (2018) Vol. 17(4).Yarnvudhi, Arerut, Sarawood Sungkaew, Sutheera Hermhuk, Pasuta Sunthornhao, Surin Onprom (2016). Plant Diversity and Utilization on Ethnobotany of Local People at Hmong Doi Pui Village in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. ''Thai J. For.'' 35(3): 136-146 (2016). The pine tree ''

Pinus kesiya ''Pinus kesiya'' (Khasi pine, Benguet pine or three-needled pine) is one of the most widely distributed pines in Asia. Its range extends south and east from the Khasi Hills in the northeast Indian state of Meghalaya, to northern Thailand, Philipp ...

'' is found at higher elevations. The montane evergreen forest primarily consists of ''

Schima wallichii ''Schima wallichii'', commonly known as the needlewood or Chinese guger tree, is a species of evergreen tree in the tea family, Theaceae. ''Schima wallichii'' is native to a wide area of China and tropical Asia. It grows tall. File:Chilaune.j ...

'', '' Castanopsis acuminatissima'', ''

Castanopsis tribuloides ''Castanopsis tribuloides'' is a species of flowering plant in the beech family Fagaceae The Fagaceae (; ) are a family of flowering plants that includes beeches, chestnuts and oaks, and comprises eight genera with around 1,000 or more specie ...

'', '' Magnolia baillonii'', '' Magnolia garrettii'', among other tree species. ''

Tectona grandis Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panic ...

'' and ''

Cassia fistula ''Cassia fistula'', also known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, kani konna, or pudding-pipe tree,U. S. Department of Agriculture, William Saunders; Catalogue of Economic Plants in the Collection of the U. S. Department of Agric ...

'' used to be common, but are no longer widely found due to centuries of logging.Putiyanan, Somporn and J.F. Maxwell (2006)
Survey and Herbarium Specimens of Medicinal Vascular Flora of Doi Suthep-Pui
''CMU Journal'' (2006) Vol. 5(2).Marod, Dokrak, Sarawood Sangkaew, Aumporn Panmongkol, Atchara Jingjai (2014)
Influences of Environmental Factors on Tree Distribution of Lower Montane Evergreen Forest at Doi Sutep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province
''Thai J. For.'' 33 (3) : 23-33 (2014).

Fungi

The park is home to diverse fungi species, many of which may be undescribed or have only been recently described. Fungi in the park primarily belong to the families

Boletaceae The Boletaceae are a Family (biology), family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenium, hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of Lamella (mycology), gills as are found ...

Agaricaceae The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus ''Agaricus'', as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae. Taxonomy The family Agaricaceae was publishe ...

and

Russulaceae The Russulaceae are a diverse family (biology), family of fungi in the order Russulales, with roughly 1,900 known species and a worldwide distribution. They comprise the Russula, brittlegills and the milk-caps, well-known mushroom-forming fungi ...

. A 2007 survey found 30 species of

ascomycete Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The def ...

s and 228 species of

basidiomycete Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basid ...

s in the forests surrounding Chiang Mai city.Sirisak BUTKRACHANG, Ekkarat BOONCHIENG, Uraporn SARDSUD, Morakot SUKCHOTIRATANA, Abhinya PLIKOMOL, Griangsak CHAIROTE and Pitoon NARONGCHAI
Wild Mushroom Database of Chiang Mai Community Forest
''Asian Journal of Biology Education'' Vol. 3 (2007). Different species and genera tend to occupy different ecological niches: *dry dipterocarp forests: ''

Russula ''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of fungi. The genus was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1796. The mushrooms are fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable ...

'', ''

Boletus ''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gills. ...

'', and ''

Amanita The genus ''Amanita'' contains about 600 species of agarics, including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded Edible mushroom, edible species (and many species of unknown edibility). The genus is re ...

'' *wet dipterocarp forests: ''

'', ''

Lactarius ''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several Edible mushroom, edible species. The species of the genus, common name, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they ex ...

'', and ''

'' *pine forests: ''

'' and ''

'' *oak forests: ''

'', ''

'', and ''

'' Mushrooms belonging to the genera ''

Astraeus In Greek mythology, Astraeus () or Astraios () is the son of Crius and Eurybia, and the consort of Eos. He is said to be the father of the winds. Etymology His name "Astraeus" (Ancient Greek , translit. ''Astraîos'') is derived from the G ...

'', '' Heimiella'', ''

Pterygellus ''Pterygellus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cantharellaceae. It was circumscribed by the British mycologist E.J.H. Corner in 1966. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains five species found in ...

'', and '' Mycoamaranthus'' are also found in the park. Dozens of wild fungi species are locally harvested for human consumption. Mushrooms are often collected from dipterocarp forest floors during the rainy season from June to October. They include:Dell B, Sanmee R, Lumyong P and Lumyong S
Ectomycorrhizal fungi in dry and wet dipterocarp forests in northern Thailand - diversity and use as food
However, care must be taken to distinguish edible species from local poisonous species such as '' Amanita exitialis'', '' Amanita fuliginea'', '' Amanita fuligineoides'', '' Amanita cf. virgineoides'', '' Cantharocybe cf. gruberi'', '' Chlorophyllum globosum'', '' Chlorophyllum molybdites'', ''

Clitocybe ''Clitocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest grou ...

'' sp., '' Coprinopsis lagopus'', '' Entoloma cf. caespitosum'', '' Entoloma cf. subclitocyboides'', ''

Inocybe ''Inocybe'' is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi, with over 1,000 species. Its members are mycorrhizal, and some evidence shows that the high degree of speciation is due to adaptation to different trees and possibly also local habitats. Taxonomy ...

'' sp., '' Megacollybia cf. fallax'', ''

Panaeolus cyanescens ''Panaeolus cyanescens'', commonly known as the blue-staining panaeolus, is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. It is a common psychoactive mushroom. Description The cap is across, dry, at first hemispheric, expanding to campanulate or c ...

'', ''

Russula emetica ''Russula emetica'', commonly known as the sickener, emetic russula, or vomiting russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, and the type species of the genus ''Russula''. It was first described in 1774. It has a red, convex to flat pileus (mycology) ...

'', '' Amanita gleocystidiosa'', '' Cantharocybe virosa'', and other poisonous species belonging to the genera ''

Entoloma ''Entoloma'' is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps (fruit bodies) are typically agaricoid (gilled mushrooms), though a minority are gasteroid. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the ...

'', ''

'', and ''

Tricholoma ''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus A fungus (: fungi , , , or ; or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and mold (fungus), molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms ...

''.

Fauna

Animals in the park include the crocodile salamander ('' Tylototriton verrucosus''). Mammals include the

common muntjac The southern red muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak'') is a deer species native to Southeast Asia. It was formerly known as the Indian muntjac or the common muntjac before the species was taxonomically revised to represent only populations of Thailan ...

(''

Muntiacus muntjak The southern red muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak'') is a deer species native to Southeast Asia. It was formerly known as the Indian muntjac or the common muntjac before the species was taxonomically revised to represent only populations of Thailan ...

'') and

wild boar The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a Suidae, suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The speci ...

(''

Sus scrofa The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is n ...

''). More than 300 species of birds have been recorded in the area, including

pheasant Pheasants ( ) are birds of several genera within the family Phasianidae in the order Galliformes. Although they can be found all over the world in introduced (and captive) populations, the pheasant genera's native range is restricted to Eura ...

eagle Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family of the Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of Genus, genera, some of which are closely related. True eagles comprise the genus ''Aquila ( ...

parrot Parrots (Psittaciformes), also known as psittacines (), are birds with a strong curved beak, upright stance, and clawed feet. They are classified in four families that contain roughly 410 species in 101 genus (biology), genera, found mostly in ...

bulbul The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropic ...

s and minivets.

Mammals

Small mammals found in the lower montane evergreen forest include the

ferret-badger Ferret-badgers are the six species of the genus ''Melogale'', which is the only genus of the monotypic mustelid subfamily Helictidinae. * Bornean ferret-badger The Bornean ferret badger (''Melogale everetti''), also known as Everett's ferret ...

(''

Melogale personata The Burmese ferret-badger (''Melogale personata''), also known as the large-toothed ferret-badger, is a mustelid native to Southeast Asia. Description The Burmese ferret-badger has a head and body length of , a tail length of and a body weight ...

''),

ground squirrel Ground squirrels are rodents of the squirrel family (Sciuridae) that generally live on the ground or in burrows, rather than in trees like the tree squirrels. The term is most often used for the medium-sized ground squirrels, as the larger ones ar ...

('' Menetes berdmorei''), noisy rat ('' Leopoldamys sabanus''), lesser short-nosed fruit bat ('' Cynopterus brachyotis''), while small mammals found in the deciduous forest include the common tree shrew ('' Tupaia glis''), Burmese striped squirrel ('' Tamiops mcclellandii''), belly-banded squirrel ('' Callosciurus flavimanus''), white-bellied flying squirrel ('' Petinomys setosus''),

chestnut white-bellied rat The chestnut white-bellied rat (''Niviventer fulvescens'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is a small rodent with a distinct bright chestnut upper-coat and a white under-coat. The colour of the upper-coat is variable from very br ...

('' Niviventer fulvescens''), yellow rajah rat (''

Maxomys surifer The red spiny rat (''Maxomys surifer''), also known as the Indomalayan maxomys, is a rodent species in the family Muridae that inhabits forests in Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and on the islands of Java, Borneo and Sumatra ...

''), root rat (''

Rattus rattus The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is ...

''), and dark-tailed subspecies of Bower's white-toothed rat ('' Berylmys bowersi bowersi''). Frugivorous mammals in the park include

Pallas's squirrel Pallas's squirrel (''Callosciurus erythraeus''), also known as the red-bellied tree squirrel, is a species of squirrel native to China, Taiwan, India, and Southeast Asia. Description Pallas's squirrel is a medium-sized tree squirrel, with a ...

('' Callosciurus erythraeus''), red-cheeked squirrel ('' Dremomys rufigenis''), Phayre's flying squirrel ('' Hylopetes phayrei''), Burmese striped squirrel ('' Tamiops mcclellandii''), northern treeshrew ('' Tupaia belangeri''), common palm civet (''

Paradoxurus hermaphroditus The Asian palm civet (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus''), also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad range o ...

''),

masked palm civet The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 ...

(''

Paguma larvata The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet or Himalayan palm civet, is a Viverridae, viverrid species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List ...

''), and

northern pig-tailed macaque The northern pig-tailed macaque (''Macaca leonina'') is a vulnerable species of macaque in the subfamily Cercopithecidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Traditionally, ''M. leonina'' was c ...

('' Macaca leonina'').Rueangket, Apisada, Prateep Duengkaea, Sathid Thinkhampang, Dokrak Marod (2019)
Utilization of fruit by frugivores in lower montane forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai province
. ''Agr. Nat. Resour.'' 53 (2019) 457–464. Other small mammals found in the park are ''

Rattus tanezumi The tanezumi rat (''Rattus tanezumi''), also known as the Asian rat or Asian house rat, yellow-breasted or buff-breasted rat (''Rattus flavipectus''), is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is closely related to the black rat (''Rattus ...

'', ''

Rattus exulans The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (''Rattus exulans''), or , is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. Contrary to its vernacular name, the Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia ...

'', '' Rhizomys pruinosus'', '' Hylomys suillus'', and '' Crocidura vorax''.Saosoong, Sutasinee, Prateep Duengkae1, and Dokrak Marod (2014)
Species diversity and abundance of small mammals in hill evergreen forest at Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province
''Journal of Wildlife in Thailand'' Vol.21 No.1 2014.

Birds

Frugivorous birds include the black-crested bulbul ('' Pycnonotus flaviventris''), mountain bulbul ('' Ixos mcclellandii''),

puff-throated bulbul The puff-throated bulbul (''Alophoixus pallidus'') is a songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1870. It is found in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist ...

(''

Alophoixus pallidus The puff-throated bulbul (''Alophoixus pallidus'') is a songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. The species was Species description, first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1870. It is found in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical ...

''), and

ashy bulbul The ashy bulbul (''Hemixos flavala'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical ...

(''

Hemixos flavala The ashy bulbul (''Hemixos flavala'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical ...

''). In the Monthathan Waterfall area, bird species include: *Top canopy: red-billed blue magpie ('' Urocissa erythroryncha''),

Eurasian jay The Eurasian jay (''Garrulus glandarius'') is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The ...

(''

Garrulus glandarius The Eurasian jay (''Garrulus glandarius'') is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The ...

''),

coppersmith barbet The coppersmith barbet (''Psilopogon haemacephalus''), also called crimson-breasted barbet and coppersmith, is an Asian barbet with crimson forehead and throat, known for its metronomic call that sounds similar to a coppersmith striking metal w ...

(''

Psilopogon haemacephalus The coppersmith barbet (''Psilopogon haemacephalus''), also called crimson-breasted barbet and coppersmith, is an Megalaimidae, Asian barbet with crimson forehead and throat, known for its metronome, metronomic call that sounds similar to a coppe ...

''),

great barbet The great barbet (''Psilopogon virens'') is an Asian barbet native to the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia, where it inhabits forests up to altitude. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004 because of its wide ...

(''

Psilopogon virens The great barbet (''Psilopogon virens'') is an Megalaimidae, Asian barbet native to the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia, where it inhabits forests up to altitude. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004 becaus ...

''), rosy minivet ('' Pericrocotus roseus''),

Asian paradise flycatcher In 2015, the Asian paradise flycatcher was split into the following three species: * Indian paradise flycatcher The Indian paradise flycatcher (''Terpsiphone paradisi'') is a medium-sized passerine bird native to Asia, where it is widely distrib ...

(''

Terpsiphone paradisi The Indian paradise flycatcher (''Terpsiphone paradisi'') is a medium-sized passerine bird native to Asia, where it is widely distributed. As the global population is considered stable, it has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List sin ...

'') *Middle canopy: bronzed drongo ('' Dicrurus aeneus''),

golden-fronted leafbird The golden-fronted leafbird (''Chloropsis aurifrons'') is a species of leafbird. It is found from the Indian subcontinent and south-western China, to south-east Asia and Sumatra. It builds its bird nest, nest in a tree, laying 2-3 bird egg, eggs. ...

('' Chloropsis aurifrons''), red-whiskered bulbul ('' Pycnonotus jocosus''),

sooty-headed bulbul The sooty-headed bulbul (''Pycnonotus aurigaster'') is a species of songbird in the Bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Description A medium-sized ...

(''

Pycnonotus aurigaster The sooty-headed bulbul (''Pycnonotus aurigaster'') is a species of songbird in the Bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found in south-eastern Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. Description A medium-sized ...

''), black-crested bulbul ('' Rubigula flaviventris''),

ashy woodswallow The ashy woodswallow (''Artamus fuscus''), sometimes also called the ashy swallow-shrike, is a woodswallow which is found in south Asia. Like other woodswallows, it has a short curved bill, a short square tail and long wings. It is usually seen p ...

('' Artamus fuscus''), little green bee-eater (''

Merops orientalis The Asian green bee-eater (''Merops orientalis''), also known as little green bee-eater, and green bee-eater in Sri Lanka, is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family (biology), family. It is resident but prone to seasonal movements and is f ...

'') *Lower canopy:

white-crested laughingthrush The white-crested laughingthrush (''Garrulax leucolophus'') is a member of the family Leiothrichidae.Garrulax leucolophus The white-crested laughingthrush (''Garrulax leucolophus'') is a member of the family Leiothrichidae.lesser necklaced laughingthrush The lesser necklaced laughingthrush (''Garrulax monileger'') is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae. Distribution It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habi ...

('' Garrulax monileger''),

emerald dove The emerald dove or common emerald dove (''Chalcophaps indica''), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding Columbidae, pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcon ...

('' Chalcophaps indica''),

blue whistling thrush The blue whistling thrush (''Myophonus caeruleus'') is a bird in the Old World flycatchers family Muscicapidae that is found in the mountains of Central Asia, South Asia, China and Southeast Asia. It is known for its loud human-like whistling son ...

('' Myophonus caeruleus''), scaly-breasted partridge ('' Tropicoperdix chloropus''),

grey wagtail The grey wagtail (''Motacilla cinerea'') is a member of the wagtail family, Motacillidae, measuring around 18–19 cm overall length. The species looks somewhat similar to the yellow wagtail (disambiguation), yellow wagtail but has the yello ...

('' Motacilla cinerea''),

white wagtail The white wagtail (''Motacilla alba'') is a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae, which also includes pipits and longclaws. The species breeds in the Palearctic zone in most of Europe and Asia and parts of North Africa; it also has ...

('' Motacilla alba'')

Reptiles and amphibians

Reptiles in the park include '' Platysternon megacephalum'', '' Calotes emma alticristata'', '' Pseudocalotes kakhienensis'', '' Pseudocalotes microlepis'', ''

Gekko gecko The tokay gecko (''Gekko gecko'') is a nocturnal arboreal gecko in the genus ''Gekko'', the true geckos. It is native to Asia and some Pacific Islands. Etymology The word "tokay" is an onomatopoeia of the sound made by males of this species. T ...

'', '' Ptychozoon kaengkrachanense'', '' Tropidophorus thai'', and the recently described gecko species '' Cyrtodactylus doisuthep''. Other reptiles reported from the park include the Rough-bellied Mountain Dragon ('' Acanthosaura lepidogaster''), Green Keelback ('' Rhabdophis nigrocinctus''), Reeve's Smooth Skink ('' Scincella reevesii''), Assam Mountain Snake ('' Plagiopholis nuchalis''), Berdmore's Water Skink ('' Tropidophorus berdmorei''), Speckled Forest Skink (''

Eutropis macularia The bronze grass skink, bronze mabuya or speckled forest skink (''Eutropis macularia''), is a species of skink found in South and Southeast Asia. It is a common, but shy, ground-dwelling species that is active both day and night. Description T ...

''), Khasi Hills Keelback ('' Hebius khasiense''), Burmese False Bloodsucker ('' Pseudocalotes microlepis''), ''

Sphenomorphus The genus ''Sphenomorphus'' – vernacularly also known as the common skinks – currently serves as a "wastebin taxon" for numerous skinks. While most or all species presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus ...

'' spp., and ''

Scincella ''Scincella'' is a genus of lizards in the skink family, Scincidae, commonly referred to as ground skinks. The exact number of species in the genus is unclear, as taxonomic reclassification is ongoing, and sources vary widely. ''Scincella'' sp ...

'' spp.Hakim, Jonathan (2014).
Doi Suthep
'. Reptiles and Amphibians of Thailand. Reptile and amphibian species vary according to

elevation The elevation of a geographic location (geography), ''location'' is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational equipotenti ...

. Frog species inhabiting mountainous streams include ''

Amolops marmoratus ''Amolops marmoratus'' is a species of ranid frog found in Asia. Its common names include marbled sucker frog, marbled cascade frog, Pegu torrent frog, and many others. The taxonomic status of many populations formerly assigned to this species is ...

'', '' Limnonectes taylori'', '' Sylvirana nigrovittata'', and '' Odorrana chloronota''. The Doi Suthep caecilian (''

Ichthyophis youngorum ''Ichthyophis youngorum'', the Doi Suthep caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae. It is known only from 10 adult and 13 larval specimens collected in 1957 by Edward Harrison Taylor. They were collected in the rainforest ...

'') is named after Doi Suthep. The Dwarf Bush Frog ('' Philautus parvulus'') and Limborg's Frog (''

Limnonectes limborgi ''Limnonectes limborgi'' is a species of frog in the Dicroglossidae. It is found in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam; it might well occur in Northeast India and Yunnan, China. It is a small frog, males being and females snout-vent l ...

'') have also been reported from the park.

Invertebrates

Thousands of insect species are found in the park, including 561 species of butterflies.Inayoshi, Y. & A. Giudici
Basic list of Butterflies in Chiang Mai province, Thailand

Recreation

Activities in the park include walking and

hiking A hike is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century. Long hikes as part of a religious pilgrimage have existed for a much longer time. "Hi ...

cycling Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the activity of riding a bicycle or other types of pedal-driven human-powered vehicles such as balance bikes, unicycles, tricycles, and quadricycles. Cycling is practised around the world fo ...

camping Camping is a form of outdoor recreation or outdoor education involving overnight stays with a basic temporary shelter such as a tent. Camping can also include a recreational vehicle, sheltered cabins, a permanent tent, a shelter such as a Bivy bag ...

, tours of

cave Caves or caverns are natural voids under the Earth's Planetary surface, surface. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. Exogene caves are smaller openings that extend a relatively short distance undergrou ...

s, waterfalls, and other features, observation of plants, birds, and

butterflies Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

, cultural and historical sightseeing, and

stargazing Amateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers ...

Location

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Doi Suthep-Pui National Park National parks of Thailand Protected areas established in 1981 IUCN Category II Geography of Chiang Mai province Tourist attractions in Chiang Mai province 1981 establishments in Thailand Thanon Thong Chai Range

History

Geography and climate

Flora

Fungi

Fauna

Mammals

Birds

Reptiles and amphibians

Invertebrates

Recreation

Location

See also

References