Doi Suthep–Pui National Park ( th, อุทยานแห่งชาติดอยสุเทพ-ปุย) is a
national park
A national park is a nature park, natural park in use for conservation (ethic), conservation purposes, created and protected by national governments. Often it is a reserve of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that a sovereign state dec ...
in
Chiang Mai Province
Chiang Mai ( th, เชียงใหม่, ; nod, , ) is the largest Province (''changwat'') of Thailand. It lies in upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lam ...
in
Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
. It includes
Wat Phra That Doi Suthep
Wat Phra That Doi Suthep ( th, วัดพระธาตุดอยสุเทพ, , ) is a Theravada Buddhist temple ( wat) in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The temple is often referred to as " Doi Suthep" although this is actually the nam ...
, a
Buddhist
Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...
temple
A temple (from the Latin ) is a building reserved for spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice. Religions which erect temples include Christianity (whose temples are typically called churches), Hinduism (whose temples ...
, and
Bhubing Palace
Bhubing Rajanives Palace ( th, พระตำหนักภูพิงคราชนิเวศน์, ; also spelled ''Phuping'' or ''Phuphing'') is a royal residence in Doi Buak Ha, Muang District, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
History
It ...
, the winter residence of the
Thai royal family
The Chakri dynasty ( th, ราชวงศ์ จักรี, , , ) is the current reigning dynasty of the Kingdom of Thailand, the head of the house is the king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the ...
. The park is a protected area for flora, fauna, and habitat.
History
The former name of the area is Doi Aoi Chang. The name Doi Suthep was inspired by a
hermit
A hermit, also known as an eremite (adjectival form: hermitic or eremitic) or solitary, is a person who lives in seclusion. Eremitism plays a role in a variety of religions.
Description
In Christianity, the term was originally applied to a Ch ...
named Prarusiwa Suthep who once lived in the local forest. In 1973, the
Royal Forest Department
The Royal Forest Department ( Abrv: RFD; th, กรมป่าไม้, ) is a department in the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE), part of the Government of Thailand.
History
On 18 September 1896 King Chulalongkorn establ ...
proposed that this and 13 other forests be designated national parks. It became the 24th national park of Thailand when it was official established on 14 April 1981. Today it includes 160,812 rai ~ of territory.
Geography and climate
The mountainous landscape is part of the
Thanon Thong Chai Range
The Thanon Thong Chai Range ( th, ทิวเขาถนนธงชัย, , formerly Thanon Range; Burmese ''Tanen Taunggyi'') is a mountain range in northern Thailand. Its tallest peak is Doi Inthanon, the highest point in Thailand. Most ...
. The three main peaks are
Doi Suthep
Doi Suthep (ดอยสุเทพ), is a mountain ("doi") west of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is in elevation and is one of the twin peaks of a granite mountain. The other peak is known as Doi Pui and is slightly higher ().
Doi Suthep is from ...
Doi Pui
Doi Pui ( th, ดอยปุย), is a mountain ("doi") west of Chiang Mai, Thailand. It is in elevation and is one of the twin peaks of a granite mountain. The other peak is known as Doi Suthep and is slightly lower at , where the archaeologi ...
, the latter of which is tallest at . The climate is cool, with an average temperature around . Low winter temperatures can reach . Late summer is the rainy season, with daily precipitation.
Flora
More than 2,000 species of
vascular plant
Vascular plants (), also called tracheophytes () or collectively Tracheophyta (), form a large group of land plants ( accepted known species) that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant. They al ...
s have been documented in the national park.
The park is forested, with
evergreen forest
An evergreen forest is a forest made up of evergreen trees. They occur across a wide range of climatic zones, and include trees such as conifers and holly in cold climates, eucalyptus, Live oak, acacias, magnolia, and banksia in more temperate zone ...
above and
deciduous forest
In the fields of horticulture and Botany, the term ''deciduous'' () means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, aft ...
below. Mixed deciduous-evergreen forest occurs in gullies and along streams. Common trees include oaks, dipterocarps, and trees of the magnolia family. There are many
waterfall
A waterfall is a point in a river or stream where water flows over a vertical drop or a series of steep drops. Waterfalls also occur where meltwater drops over the edge of a tabular iceberg or ice shelf.
Waterfalls can be formed in several wa ...
s.
The forests in the park are divided into two main types of forests. Deciduous forests are found up to about 900-1,000 meters above sea level, while lower montane evergreen forests are found starting from about 900-1,000 meters above sea level.
The dipterocarp deciduous forest is primarily composed of ''
Dipterocarpus tuberculatus
''Dipterocarpus tuberculatus'' ( Khmer ''khlông'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used in Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh Indian English ''gurjuntree''Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, 1952 ...
'', ''
Dipterocarpus obtusifolius
''Dipterocarpus obtusifolius'' is a common species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found throughout Southeast Asia, including Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.DY PHON Pauline, 2000, ''Plants Used In Cambodia'' ...
'', ''
Shorea siamensis
''Shorea siamensis'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to most of mainland Southeast Asia.
Uses
In Cambodia, ''Shorea siamensis'' (known in Khmer as រាំងភ្នំ – Raing Phnom) is rare and most oft ...
'', and ''
Shorea obtusa
''Shorea obtusa'', the Siamese sal, is a species of hardwood tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to Southeast Asia.
Distribution and habitat
''Shorea obtusa'' is native to Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. It grows in relat ...
''. The oak species '' Quercus kerrii'' is also found in the deciduous forest. Other major non-dipterocarp tree species in the deciduous forest are ''
Pterocarpus macrocarpus
''Pterocarpus macrocarpus'', or Burma padauk, is a tree native to the seasonal tropical forests of southeastern Asia: in Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and Vietnam. It has been naturalized in India and the Caribbean.
Description
''Pterocarp ...
'', ''
Xylia xylocarpa
''Xylia xylocarpa'' is a species of tree in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the family Fabaceae.
Description and properties
This perennial tree is very conspicuous in the flowering season owing to its bright yellow flow ...
'', '' Terminalia mucronata'', '' Terminalia alata'', and '' Vitex peduncularis''.Khamyong, Nuttaluck, Prasit Wangpakapattanawong, Sutthathorn Chairuangsri, Angkhana Inta, and Pimonrat Tiansawat (2018) Tree Species Composition and Height-diameter Allometry of Three Forest Types in Northern Thailand ''CMU J. Nat. Sci.'' (2018) Vol. 17(4).Yarnvudhi, Arerut, Sarawood Sungkaew, Sutheera Hermhuk, Pasuta Sunthornhao, Surin Onprom (2016). Plant Diversity and Utilization on Ethnobotany of Local People at Hmong Doi Pui Village in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Chiang Mai Province. ''Thai J. For.'' 35(3): 136-146 (2016).
The pine tree ''
Pinus kesiya
''Pinus kesiya'' (Khasi pine, Benguet pine or three-needled pine) is one of the most widely distributed pines in Asia. Its range extends south and east from the Khasi Hills in the northeast Indian state of Meghalaya, to northern Thailand, Philipp ...
'' is found at higher elevations.
The montane evergreen forest primarily consists of ''
Schima wallichii
''Schima wallichii'' is an evergreen tree belonging to the tea family Theaceae
Theaceae (), the tea family, is a family of flowering plants comprising shrubs and trees, including the economically important tea plant, and the ornamental camel ...
'', ''
Castanopsis acuminatissima
''Castanopsis acuminatissima'' is an evergreen tree native to Southeast Asia and New Guinea. It is known by a variety of common names over its range, including white oak, New Guinea oak, Papua New Guinea oak, ''ki riung, ko-duai, ko-soi, ko-mat, ...
'', ''
Castanopsis tribuloides
''Castanopsis tribuloides'' is a species of flowering plant in the beech family Fagaceae, native to the Himayalas and higher areas of mainland Southeast Asia. In Vietnam it is cultivated for its edible nuts, and in India it is coppiced for firew ...
'', ''
Magnolia baillonii
''Magnolia'' is a large genus of about 210 to 340The number of species in the genus ''Magnolia'' depends on the taxonomic view that one takes up. Recent molecular and morphological research shows that former genera ''Talauma'', ''Dugandiodendro ...
Tectona grandis
Teak (''Tectona grandis'') is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae. It is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. ''Tectona grandis'' has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters (panicl ...
'' and ''
Cassia fistula
''Cassia fistula'', commonly known as golden shower, purging cassia, Indian laburnum, or pudding-pipe tree,U. S. Department of Agriculture, William Saunders; Catalogue of Economic Plants in the Collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture; ...
The park is home to diverse fungi species, many of which may be undescribed or have only been recently described.
Fungi in the park primarily belong to the families
Boletaceae
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed ...
,
Agaricaceae
The Agaricaceae are a family of basidiomycete fungi and include the genus ''Agaricus'', as well as basidiomycetes previously classified in the families Tulostomataceae, Lepiotaceae, and Lycoperdaceae.
Taxonomy
The family Agaricaceae was publishe ...
and
Russulaceae
The Russulaceae are a diverse family of fungi in the order Russulales, with roughly 1,900 known species and a worldwide distribution. They comprise the brittlegills and the milk-caps, well-known mushroom-forming fungi that include some edible ...
. A 2007 survey found 30 species of
ascomycete
Ascomycota is a phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, forms the subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. It is the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species. The defi ...
s and 228 species of
basidiomycete
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basi ...
s in the forests surrounding Chiang Mai city.Sirisak BUTKRACHANG, Ekkarat BOONCHIENG, Uraporn SARDSUD, Morakot SUKCHOTIRATANA, Abhinya PLIKOMOL, Griangsak CHAIROTE and Pitoon NARONGCHAI Wild Mushroom Database of Chiang Mai Community Forest ''Asian Journal of Biology Education'' Vol. 3 (2007).
Different species and genera tend to occupy different ecological niches:
*dry dipterocarp forests: ''
Russula
''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushr ...
'', ''
Boletus
''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gil ...
'', and ''
Amanita
The genus ''Amanita'' contains about 600 species of agarics, including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities result ...
''
*wet dipterocarp forests: ''
Amanita
The genus ''Amanita'' contains about 600 species of agarics, including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities result ...
'', ''
Lactarius
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like ...
'', and ''
Russula
''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushr ...
''
*pine forests: ''
Lactarius
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like ...
'' and ''
Amanita
The genus ''Amanita'' contains about 600 species of agarics, including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities result ...
''
*oak forests: ''
Russula
''Russula'' is a very large genus composed of around 750 worldwide species of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. They are typically common, fairly large, and brightly colored – making them one of the most recognizable genera among mycologists and mushr ...
'', ''
Lactarius
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like ...
'', ''
Amanita
The genus ''Amanita'' contains about 600 species of agarics, including some of the most toxic known mushrooms found worldwide, as well as some well-regarded edible species. This genus is responsible for approximately 95% of the fatalities result ...
'', and ''
Boletus
''Boletus'' is a genus of mushroom-producing fungi, comprising over 100 species. The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753, essentially containing all fungi with hymenial pores instead of gil ...
''
Mushrooms belonging to the genera ''
Astraeus
In Greek mythology, Astraeus () or Astraios (Ancient Greek: Ἀστραῖος means "starry"') was an astrological deity. Some also associate him with the winds, as he is the father of the four Anemoi (wind deities), by his wife, Eos.
Etymolog ...
Pterygellus
''Pterygellus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Cantharellaceae. It was circumscribed by the British mycologist E.J.H. Corner in 1966. According to the ''Dictionary of the Fungi'' (10th edition, 2008), the genus contains five species found in ...
Chlorophyllum molybdites
''Chlorophyllum molybdites,'' which has the common names of false parasol, green-spored Lepiota and vomiter, is a widespread mushroom. Poisonous and producing severe gastrointestinal symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea, it is commonly conflated wi ...
'', ''
Clitocybe
''Clitocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest grou ...
Inocybe
''Inocybe'' is a large genus of mushroom-forming fungi with over 1400 species, including all forms and variations. Members of ''Inocybe'' are mycorrhizal, and some evidence shows that the high degree of speciation in the genus is due to adaptatio ...
Panaeolus cyanescens
''Panaeolus cyanescens'' is a mushroom in the Bolbitiaceae family. ''Panaeolus cyanescens'' is a common psychoactive mushroom and is similar to '' Panaeolus tropicalis''.
Description
*Cap: 1.5 – 4 cm across, dry, at first hemispheric, ...
'', ''
Russula emetica
''Russula emetica'', commonly known as the sickener, emetic russula, or vomiting russula, is a basidiomycete mushroom, and the type species of the genus ''Russula''. It has a red, convex to flat cap up to in diameter, with a cuticle that can b ...
Entoloma
''Entoloma'' is a large genus of terrestrial pink-gilled mushrooms, with about 1,000 species. Most have a drab appearance, pink gills which are attached to the stem, a smooth thick cap, and angular spores. Many entolomas are saprobic but some ...
'', ''
Lactarius
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like ...
'', and ''
Tricholoma
''Tricholoma'' is a genus of fungus that contains many fairly fleshy white-spored gilled mushrooms which are found worldwide generally growing in woodlands. These are ectomycorrhizal fungi, existing in a symbiotic relationship with various spec ...
Tylototriton verrucosus
''Tylototriton verrucosus'' is a species of newt found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Common names include: Himalayan newt, crocodile newt, crocodile salamander, Himalayan salamander, red knobby newt.
Description
This newt can ...
''). Mammals include the
common muntjac
The Indian muntjac or the common muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak''), also called the southern red muntjac and barking deer, is a deer species native to South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In popular local l ...
(''
Muntiacus muntjak
The Indian muntjac or the common muntjac (''Muntiacus muntjak''), also called the southern red muntjac and barking deer, is a deer species native to South and Southeast Asia. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In popular local ...
'') and
wild boar
The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is ...
(''
Sus scrofa
The wild boar (''Sus scrofa''), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania. The species is no ...
''). More than 300 species of birds have been recorded in the area, including
pheasant
Pheasants ( ) are birds of several genera within the family (biology), family Phasianidae in the order (biology), order Galliformes. Although they can be found all over the world in introduced (and captive) populations, the pheasant genera na ...
s,
eagle
Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, just ...
s,
parrot
Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittacoid ...
s,
bulbul
The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical As ...
s and
minivet
The minivets are passerine birds belonging to the genus ''Pericrocotus'' in the cuckooshrike family Campephagidae. There are about 15 species, occurring mainly in forests in southern and eastern Asia. They are fairly small, slender birds with lon ...
s.
Mammals
Small mammals found in the lower montane evergreen forest include the
ferret-badger
Ferret-badgers are the six species of the genus ''Melogale'', which is the only genus of the monotypic mustelid subfamily Helictidinae.
* Bornean ferret-badger (''Melogale everetti'')
* Chinese ferret-badger (''Melogale moschata'')
*Formosan fer ...
ground squirrel
Ground squirrels are members of the squirrel family of rodents (Sciuridae), which generally live on or in the ground, rather than trees. The term is most often used for the medium-sized ground squirrels, as the larger ones are more commonly known ...
Leopoldamys sabanus
The long-tailed giant rat (''Leopoldamys sabanus'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae
The Muridae, or murids, are the largest family of rodents and of mammals, containing approximately 1,383 species, including many species of mice, ...
''),
lesser short-nosed fruit bat
The lesser short-nosed fruit bat (''Cynopterus brachyotis'') is a species of megabat within the family Pteropodidae. It is a small bat that lives in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It weighs between , and measures . It occurs in many types of habit ...
(''
Cynopterus brachyotis
The lesser short-nosed fruit bat (''Cynopterus brachyotis'') is a species of megabat within the family Pteropodidae. It is a small bat that lives in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It weighs between , and measures . It occurs in many types of habi ...
''), while small mammals found in the deciduous forest include the common tree shrew (''
Tupaia glis
The common treeshrew (''Tupaia glis'') is a small mammal in the treeshrew family Tupaiidae, and is native to Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia. It has been listed as Least Concern by IUCN as it remains common and displays some adaptability to on ...
Petinomys setosus
Temminck's flying squirrel (''Petinomys setosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thai ...
''),
chestnut white-bellied rat
The chestnut white-bellied rat (''Niviventer fulvescens'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
It is a small rodent with a distinct bright chestnut upper-coat and a white under-coat. The colour of the upper-coat is variable from very b ...
Maxomys surifer
The red spiny rat (''Maxomys surifer'') is a rodent species in the family Muridae that inhabits forests in Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and on Java, Borneo and Sumatra islands. In China, it has been recorded only in Yunnan ...
Rattus rattus
The black rat (''Rattus rattus''), also known as the roof rat, ship rat, or house rat, is a common long-tailed rodent of the stereotypical rat genus ''Rattus'', in the subfamily Murinae. It likely originated in the Indian subcontinent, but is n ...
Callosciurus erythraeus
Pallas's squirrel (''Callosciurus erythraeus''), also known as the red-bellied tree squirrel, is a species of squirrel native to Greater China, India, and Southeast Asia.
Description
Pallas's squirrel is a medium-sized tree squirrel, with a ...
northern treeshrew
The northern treeshrew (''Tupaia belangeri'') is a treeshrew species native to Southeast Asia.
In 1841, the German zoologist Johann Andreas Wagner first used the specific name ''Cladobates belangeri'' for treeshrews that had been collected in Pe ...
(''
Tupaia belangeri
The northern treeshrew (''Tupaia belangeri'') is a treeshrew species native to Southeast Asia.
In 1841, the German zoologist Johann Andreas Wagner first used the specific name ''Cladobates belangeri'' for treeshrews that had been collected in Pe ...
''),
common palm civet
The Asian palm civet (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus''), also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad range ...
(''
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus
The Asian palm civet (''Paradoxurus hermaphroditus''), also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad range ...
''),
masked palm civet
The masked palm civet (''Paguma larvata''), also called the gem-faced civet, is a palm civet species native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List since 2008 as it occurs in many p ...
northern pig-tailed macaque
The northern pig-tailed macaque (''Macaca leonina'') is a vulnerable species of macaque in the subfamily Cercopithecidae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. Traditionally, ''M. leonina'' w ...
Rattus exulans
The Polynesian rat, Pacific rat or little rat (''Rattus exulans''), known to the Māori as ''kiore'', is the third most widespread species of rat in the world behind the brown rat and black rat. The Polynesian rat originated in Southeast Asia, a ...
'', ''
Rhizomys pruinosus
The hoary bamboo rat (''Rhizomys pruinosus'') is a species of rodent in the family Spalacidae found in Southeast Asia (Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam), East Asia ( China) and South Asia (India).
Description
The hoary ...
'', ''
Hylomys suillus
The short-tailed gymnure (''Hylomys suillus'') is a small mammal from the family of the Erinaceidae. The scientific name of the species is first published by Salomon Müller in 1840.
Description
The upperparts of the short-tailed gymnure are ...
black-crested bulbul
The black-crested bulbul (''Rubigula flaviventris'') is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found from the Indian subcontinent to southeast Asia.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-crested bulbul was originally described in ...
puff-throated bulbul
The puff-throated bulbul (''Alophoixus pallidus'') is a songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. The species was first described by Robert Swinhoe in 1870. It is found in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist l ...
ashy bulbul
The ashy bulbul (''Hemixos flavala'') is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropic ...
('' Hemixos flavala'').
In the Monthathan Waterfall area, bird species include:
*Top canopy:
red-billed blue magpie
The red-billed blue magpie (''Urocissa erythroryncha'') is a species of bird in the crow family, Corvidae. It is about the same size as the Eurasian magpie, but has a much longer tail, one of the longest of any corvid. It is long and weighs .
T ...
Eurasian jay
The Eurasian jay (''Garrulus glandarius'') is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The ...
(''
Garrulus glandarius
The Eurasian jay (''Garrulus glandarius'') is a species of passerine bird in the crow family Corvidae. It has pinkish brown plumage with a black stripe on each side of a whitish throat, a bright blue panel on the upper wing and a black tail. The ...
''),
coppersmith barbet
The coppersmith barbet (''Psilopogon haemacephalus''), also called crimson-breasted barbet and coppersmith, is an Asian barbet with crimson forehead and throat, known for its metronomic call that sounds similar to a coppersmith striking metal wi ...
great barbet
The great barbet (''Psilopogon virens'') is an Asian barbet native to the Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia, where it inhabits foremost forests up to altitude. It has been listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List since 2004 because o ...
rosy minivet
The rosy minivet (''Pericrocotus roseus'') is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. The male is distinguished from other minivets by having a deep pink/light red shade in wings and tail and the female having an olive/olive yellow rump a ...
Asian paradise flycatcher In 2015, the Asian paradise flycatcher was split into the following three species:
* Indian paradise flycatcher (''Terpsiphone paradisi'')
* Blyth's paradise flycatcher (''Terpsiphone affinis'')
* Amur paradise flycatcher
The Amur paradise flyc ...
bronzed drongo
The bronzed drongo (''Dicrurus aeneus'') is a small Indomalayan bird belonging to the drongo group. They are resident in the forests of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. They capture insects flying in the shade of the forest canopy by m ...
golden-fronted leafbird
The golden-fronted leafbird (''Chloropsis aurifrons'') is a species of leafbird. It is found from the Indian subcontinent and south-western China, to south-east Asia and Sumatra.
It builds its nest in a tree, laying 2-3 eggs. This species eats i ...
red-whiskered bulbul
The red-whiskered bulbul (''Pycnonotus jocosus''), or crested bulbul, is a passerine bird native to Asia. It is a member of the bulbul family. It is a resident frugivore found mainly in tropical Asia. It has been introduced in many tropical are ...
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Pycnonotus jocosus
The red-whiskered bulbul (''Pycnonotus jocosus''), or crested bulbul, is a passerine bird native to Asia. It is a member of the bulbul family. It is a resident frugivore found mainly in tropical Asia. It has been introduced in many tropical a ...
Pycnonotus aurigaster
The sooty-headed bulbul (''Pycnonotus aurigaster'') is a species of songbird in the Bulbul family, Pycnonotidae.
It is found in south-eastern Asia.
Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Description
A medium-sized ...
''),
black-crested bulbul
The black-crested bulbul (''Rubigula flaviventris'') is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds. It is found from the Indian subcontinent to southeast Asia.
Taxonomy and systematics
The black-crested bulbul was originally described in ...
ashy woodswallow
The ashy woodswallow (''Artamus fuscus''), sometimes also called the ashy swallow-shrike, is a woodswallow which is found in south Asia. Like other woodswallows, it has a short curved bill, a short square tail and long wings. It is usually seen p ...
little green bee-eater
The Asian green bee-eater (''Merops orientalis''), also known as little green bee-eater, and green bee-eater in Sri Lanka, is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family. It is resident but prone to seasonal movements and is found widely distri ...
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Merops orientalis
The Asian green bee-eater (''Merops orientalis''), also known as little green bee-eater, and green bee-eater in Sri Lanka, is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family. It is resident but prone to seasonal movements and is found widely distri ...
'')
*Lower canopy:
white-crested laughingthrush
The white-crested laughingthrush (''Garrulax leucolophus'') is a member of the family Leiothrichidae.Garrulax leucolophus''),
lesser necklaced laughingthrush
The lesser necklaced laughingthrush (''Garrulax monileger'') is a species of bird in the family Leiothrichidae.
Distribution
It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. Its natural habi ...
emerald dove
The common emerald dove (''Chalcophaps indica''), also called Asian emerald dove and grey-capped emerald dove, is a widespread resident breeding pigeon native to the tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. ...
blue whistling thrush
The blue whistling thrush (''Myophonus caeruleus'') is a whistling thrush that is found in the mountains of Central Asia, South Asia, China and Southeast Asia. It is known for its loud human-like whistling song at dawn and dusk. The widely distri ...
Tropicoperdix chloropus
The green-legged partridge (''Tropicoperdix chloropus''), also known as the scaly-breasted partridge or green-legged hill-partridge, is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. It is found in forest in Indochina, ranging slightly into southernm ...
''),
grey wagtail
The grey wagtail (''Motacilla cinerea'') is a member of the wagtail family, Motacillidae, measuring around 18–19 cm overall length. The species looks somewhat similar to the yellow wagtail but has the yellow on its underside restricted t ...
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Motacilla cinerea
The grey wagtail (''Motacilla cinerea'') is a member of the wagtail family, Motacillidae, measuring around 18–19 cm overall length. The species looks somewhat similar to the yellow wagtail but has the yellow on its underside restricted to ...
''),
white wagtail
The white wagtail (''Motacilla alba'') is a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae, which also includes pipits and longclaws. The species breeds in much of Europe and the Asian Palearctic and parts of North Africa. It has a toehold in ...
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Motacilla alba
The white wagtail (''Motacilla alba'') is a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae, which also includes pipits and longclaws. The species breeds in much of Europe and the Asian Palearctic and parts of North Africa. It has a toehold in ...
'')
Reptiles and amphibians
Reptiles in the park include ''
Platysternon megacephalum
The big-headed turtle (''Platysternon megacephalum'') is a species of turtle in the family Platysternidae from Southeast Asia and southern China.
Background
Previously considered a distinct family placed on occasion in " Kinosternoidea", it w ...
Pseudocalotes microlepis
''Pseudocalotes microlepis'', also known as Burmese false bloodsucker or small-scaled forest agamid, is a species of agamid lizard in the genus ''Pseudocalotes'' found in southern China (Hainan, Guizhou), Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam
...
'', ''
Gekko gecko
The tokay gecko (''Gekko gecko'') is a nocturnal arboreal gecko in the genus ''Gekko'', the true geckos. It is native to Asia and some Pacific Islands.
Subspecies
Two subspecies are currently recognized.
*''G. g. gecko'' (Linnaeus, 1758): tro ...
'', ''
Ptychozoon kaengkrachanense
''Gekko kaengkrachanense'', the Kaeng Krachan parachute gecko or Kaeng Krachan flying gecko, is a species of geckos endemic to Thailand. The ''kaengkrachanense'' epithet is a reference to Kaeng Krachan National Park and Kaeng Krachan District in ...
Plagiopholis nuchalis
''Plagiopholis nuchalis'', commonly known as the Assam mountain snake, is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to Asia.
Geographic range
''P. nuchalis'' is found in China (Yunnan), Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand. ...
''), Berdmore's Water Skink (''
Tropidophorus berdmorei
''Tropidophorus berdmorei'', commonly known as Berdmore's water skink, is a species of lizard in the Family (biology), family Scincidae. The species is Endemism, endemic to Asia.
Geographic range
''T. berdmorei'' is found in China, Myanmar, Thai ...
''), Speckled Forest Skink (''
Eutropis macularia
The bronze grass skink, bronze mabuya or speckled forest skink (''Eutropis macularia''), is a species of skink found in South and Southeast Asia. It is a common, but shy, ground-dwelling species that is active both day and night.
Description
...
Pseudocalotes microlepis
''Pseudocalotes microlepis'', also known as Burmese false bloodsucker or small-scaled forest agamid, is a species of agamid lizard in the genus ''Pseudocalotes'' found in southern China (Hainan, Guizhou), Thailand, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam
...
''), ''
Sphenomorphus
The genus ''Sphenomorphus'' – vernacularly known as the common skinks – currently serves as a "wastebin taxon" for numerous skinks. While most or all species presently placed here are probably rather close relatives, the genus as pr ...
'' spp., and ''
Scincella
''Scincella'' is a genus of lizards in the skink family, Scincidae, commonly referred to as ground skinks. The exact number of species in the genus is unclear, as taxonomic reclassification is ongoing, and sources vary widely. ''Scincella'' ...
'' spp.Hakim, Jonathan (2014). Doi Suthep '. Reptiles and Amphibians of Thailand.
Reptile and amphibian species vary according to
elevation
The elevation of a geographic location is its height above or below a fixed reference point, most commonly a reference geoid, a mathematical model of the Earth's sea level as an equipotential gravitational surface (see Geodetic datum § Vert ...
. Frog species inhabiting mountainous streams include '' Amolops marmoratus'', ''
Limnonectes taylori
''Limnonectes taylori'' is a species of frogs in the family Dicroglossidae, first described from Doi Inthanon
Doi Inthanon ( th, ดอยอินทนนท์, ) is the highest mountain in Thailand. It is in Chom Thong District, Chiang ...
Ichthyophis youngorum
''Ichthyophis youngorum'', the Doi Suthep caecilian, is a species of amphibian in the family Ichthyophiidae. It is known only from 10 adult and 13 larval specimens collected in 1957 by Edward Harrison Taylor. They were collected in the rainfores ...
'') is named after Doi Suthep. The Dwarf Bush Frog ('' Philautus parvulus'') and Limborg's Frog (''
Limnonectes limborgi
''Limnonectes limborgi'' is a species of frog in the Dicroglossidae. It is found in Burma, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam; it might well occur in Northeast India and Yunnan, China. It is a small frog, males being and females snout-vent l ...
hiking
Hiking is a long, vigorous walk, usually on trails or footpaths in the countryside. Walking for pleasure developed in Europe during the eighteenth century.AMATO, JOSEPH A. "Mind over Foot: Romantic Walking and Rambling." In ''On Foot: A Histor ...
,
cycling
Cycling, also, when on a two-wheeled bicycle, called bicycling or biking, is the use of cycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. People engaged in cycling are referred to as "cyclists", "bicyclists", or "bikers". Apart from two ...
,
camping
Camping is an outdoor activity involving overnight stays away from home, either without shelter or using basic shelter such as a tent, or a recreational vehicle. Typically, participants leave developed areas to spend time outdoors in more nat ...
, tours of
cave
A cave or cavern is a natural void in the ground, specifically a space large enough for a human to enter. Caves often form by the weathering of rock and often extend deep underground. The word ''cave'' can refer to smaller openings such as sea ...
s, waterfalls, and other features, observation of plants, birds, and
butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...
, cultural and historical sightseeing, and
stargazing
Amateur astronomy is a hobby where participants enjoy observing or imaging celestial objects in the sky using the unaided eye, binoculars, or telescopes. Even though scientific research may not be their primary goal, some amateur astronomers m ...
.
See also
*
List of national parks of Thailand
National parks in Thailand ( th, อุทยานแห่งชาติ) are defined as ''an area that contains natural resources of ecological importance or unique beauty, or flora and fauna of special importance''. Thailand's protected ar ...
*
List of Protected Areas Regional Offices of Thailand Since the beginning one hundred years ago, forest management in Thailand has undergone many changes, in form of reclassifications, name changes and management changes. All this has resulted in a division of 16 regions with 5 branches in 2002. Five r ...