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Clitocybe
''Clitocybe'' is a genus of mushrooms characterized by white, off-white, buff, cream, pink, or light-yellow spores, gills running down the stem, and pale white to brown or lilac coloration. They are primarily saprotrophic, decomposing forest ground litter. There are estimated to be around 300 species in the widespread genus. ''Clitocybe'' means ''sloping head''. A few members of the genus are considered edible; many others are poisonous, containing the toxin muscarine among others. Distinguishing individual species of ''Clitocybe'' is generally prohibitively difficult to non-experts, requiring the analysis of microscopic characters. Therefore, with the exception of a few charismatic and readily identified members, ''Clitocybe'' mushrooms are rarely collected for consumption. Taxonomy ''Clitocybe'' was originally proposed by Elias Fries in 1821 as a tribe in the genus ''Agaricus''. Friedrich Staude elevated it to generic status in 1857. Recent molecular work has shown the genus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wood Blewit
''Clitocybe nuda'', commonly known as the wood blewit and alternately described as ''Lepista nuda'', is an edible mushroom native to Europe and North America. Described by Pierre Bulliard in 1790, it was also known as ''Tricholoma nudum'' for many years. It is found in both coniferous and deciduous woodlands. It is a fairly distinctive mushroom that is widely eaten, though there is some caution about edibility. Nevertheless, it has been cultivated in Britain, the Netherlands and France. Taxonomy and naming The French mycologist Pierre Bulliard described the wood blewit in his work ''Herbier de la France'' in 1790 as ''Agaricus nudus'', reporting that it was common in the woods all year. He wrote of two varieties: one whose gills and cap are initially light violet and mature to burgundy, while the other has vine-coloured gills that intensify in colour with age. He added that the first variety was often confused with ''Cortinarius violaceus'', though it has a "nude" cap and no spi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Nebularis
''Clitocybe nebularis'' or ''Lepista nebularis'', commonly known as the clouded agaric or cloud funnel, is an abundant gilled fungus which appears both in conifer-dominated forests and broad-leaved woodland in Europe and North America. Appearing in Britain from late summer to late autumn, it is edible, but may cause gastrointestinal issues. Taxonomy The species was first described and named as ''Agaricus nebularis'' in 1789 by August Johann Georg Karl Batsch. It was later placed in the genus ''Clitocybe'' in 1871 by Paul Kummer as ''Clitocybe nebularis''. After much consideration by many mycologists, over some years, when it was placed for periods in both ''Lepista'', and ''Gymnopus'', it was placed back in ''Clitocybe'' with the specific epithet, and 1871 creditation it retains today.''Clitocybe nebularis'' var. ''alba'' Bataille (1911), differs only in having a milk white cap, and is very rare. Description The cap of the mushroom is 5–25 cm (2–8 in) in diameter, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ampulloclitocybe Clavipes
''Ampulloclitocybe clavipes'', commonly known as the club-foot or club-footed clitocybe, is a species of gilled mushroom from Europe and North America. The grey brown mushrooms have yellowish decurrent gills and a bulbous stalk, and are found in deciduous and conifer woodlands. Although considered edible, disulfiram-like reactions have been reported after consumption of alcohol after eating this mushroom. Taxonomy The species was initially described as ''Agaricus clavipes'' by South African mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801, its specific epithet derived from the Latin terms ''clava'' "club", and ''pes'' "foot". It was transferred to ''Clitocybe'' by German naturalist Paul Kummer in 1871 and was even designated, improperly, the type species by Howard E. Bigelow in 1965. French mycologist Lucien Quélet chose to place it in ''Omphalia'' (now ''Omphalina'') in 1886. Scott Redhead and colleagues proposed the genus '' Ampulloclitocybe'' for it, as the species was only ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poisonous Mushroom
Mushroom poisoning is poisoning resulting from the ingestion of mushrooms that contain toxic substances. Its symptoms can vary from slight gastrointestinal discomfort to death in about 10 days. Mushroom toxins are secondary metabolites produced by the fungus. Mushroom poisoning is usually the result of ingestion of wild mushrooms after misidentification of a toxic mushroom as an edible species. The most common reason for this misidentification is a close resemblance in terms of color and general morphology of the toxic mushrooms species with edible species. To prevent mushroom poisoning, mushroom gatherers familiarize themselves with the mushrooms they intend to collect, as well as with any similar-looking toxic species. The safety of eating wild mushrooms may depend on methods of preparation for cooking. Signs and symptoms Poisonous mushrooms contain a variety of different toxins that can differ markedly in toxicity. Symptoms of mushroom poisoning may vary from gastric upset ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Geotropa
''Infundibulicybe geotropa'', also known as the trooping funnel or monk's head, is a funnel-shaped toadstool widely found in Europe and (less commonly) in North America. A large sturdy cream- or buff-coloured funnel-shaped mushroom, it grows in mixed woodlands, often in troops or fairy rings, one of which is over half a mile wide. Although edible, it could be confused with some poisonous species of similar colouration and size. Taxonomy and naming French mycologist Pierre Bulliard initially described the trooping funnel as ''Agaricus geotropus'' in 1792, before Lucien Quélet renamed it ''Clitocybe geotropa'' (a name by which it was long known) in 1872. Its specific epithet derived from the Ancient Greek words /''gē'' "earth", and τρόπος/''tropos'' "turn". Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja proposed ''I. geotropa'' and twelve other ''Clitocybe'' species be split off into a new genus ''Infundibulicybe'', thus the new binomial name is ''Infundibulicybe geotropa''. Descript ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Acromelalga
''Paralepistopsis acromelalga'' is a basidiomycete fungus in the Tricholomataceae family. It was formerly classified as ''Clitocybe'' ''acromelalga''. Taxonomy It was first described in 1918 by the mycologist T. Ichimura and classified as ''Clitocybe'' ''acromelalga''. The '' Paralepistopsis'' genus was created in 2012 by the Italian mycologist Alfredo Vizzini to better classify two rare toxic species formerly located in the ''Clitocybe'' genus and this species was subsequently reclassified. Habitat and distribution It has been found in Japan and South Korea. Toxicity It was discovered to be poisonous in 1918, when symptoms of mushroom poisoning occurred within three days of consumption. It had been mistaken for the edible tawny funnel cap (''Paralepista flaccida ''Paralepista flaccida'' (also called ''Clitocybe flaccida'', ''Clitocybe inversa'', ''Lepista flaccida'' and ''Lepista inversa'', or in English tawny funnel cap) is a species of mushroom found across the Nort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Amoenolens
''Paralepistopsis amoenolens'' is an agaric fungus in the Tricholomataceae family. It is commonly known as the paralysis funnel. Taxonomy It was first described in 1975 by the French mycologist Georges Jean Louis Malençon from a specimen found in Morocco and classified as ''Clitocybe amoenolens.'' In 2012, following DNA analysis, Vizzini and Ercole assigned this species to the new genus ''Paralepistopsis'', which forms a separate clade from other ''Clitocybe''s.See . The authors provide a phylogram which indicates the evidence that ''Paralepistopsis'' forms a separate clade. This change has been accepted by Index Fungorum and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and so the correct name is currently ''Paralepistopsis amoenolens''. Toxicity It was discovered to be poisonous after several people had consumed specimens all found in the alpine Maurienne valley in the Savoie department over three years. They had mistaken it for the edible common funnel cap (''Infundib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Blewit
''Lepista personata'' (also recognised as ''Lepista saeva'', ''Clitocybe saeva'' and ''Tricholoma personatum'', and commonly known as the field blewit and blue-leg) is a species of edible fungus commonly found growing in grassy areas across Europe and is morphologically related to the wood blewit ('' Lepista nuda''). Taxonomy This species was originally proclaimed by Elias Fries in 1818, as ''Agaricus personatus''. Cooke proposed in 1871 another name still in use today — ''Lepista personata''. Other names were to follow, namely ''Lepista saeva'' by P.D. Orton in 1960 and ''Clitocybe saeva'' by H.E. Bigelow & A.H. Smith in 1969, the latter placing the fungus in the larger genus ''Clitocybe''. In Latin, the specific epithet ''sævus'' is an adjective meaning either fierce, outrageous, angry or strong. Likewise, ''personatus'' is a participle meaning disguised, pretended or false. Description The fruiting body of the mushroom resembles an agaric. The cap is at first hemispher ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucocybe
''Leucocybe'' is a recently defined mushroom genus in the family Tricholomataceae (in the broad sense). The species resemble ''Clitocybe'' and grow in forests or disturbed areas. Etymology The name ''Leucocybe'' is derived from ancient Greek ''leuco-'' referring to the color white, and ''-cybe'', a reference to head or cap. Species The only two species in the genus are the following. *'' L. candicans'' (Pers.) Vizzini, P. Alvarado, G. Moreno & Consiglio (2015) - formerly ''Clitocybe candicans''. *'' L. connata'' (Schumach.) Vizzini, P. Alvarado, G. Moreno & Consiglio (2015) - formerly ''Lyophyllum connatum'' or ''Clitocybe connata''. ''Leucocybe candicans'' is the type species. See also *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also *List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur F ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infundibulicybe
''Infundibulicybe'' is a genus of fungi that is robustly placed incertae sedis as sister group to the Tricholomatoid clade. It has previously been part of the family of Tricholomataceae, but recent molecular phylogeny has shown it to take an isolated position within the Agaricales. Description The fruitingbody of ''Infundibulicybe'' is clitocyboid and not hygrophanous. The cap diameter can vary from 1,5 to 25 cm, with some growing as large as 40 cm. Its shape can be depressed to funnel-like with a velvety to finely scaly surface. The colouration of the basidiocarp is white to pale buff to buff, pinkish buff, yellowish, yellowish brown, orange brown, reddish brown or greyish brown. The gills are decurrent to deeply decurrent. This basidiomycete smells faint, from cyanic to sweet aromatic and faintly camphor-like when fresh. The spore deposit is whitish and spores are dikaryoid, smooth, hyaline and without iodine reactions. The basidia are 4-spored, cheilocystidia are a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muscarine
Muscarine, L-(+)-muscarine, or muscarin is a natural product found in certain mushrooms, particularly in ''Inocybe'' and ''Clitocybe'' species, such as the deadly '' C. dealbata''. Mushrooms in the genera ''Entoloma'' and ''Mycena'' have also been found to contain levels of muscarine which can be dangerous if ingested. Muscarine has been found in harmless trace amounts in ''Boletus'', ''Hygrocybe'', ''Lactarius'' and ''Russula''. Trace concentrations of muscarine are also found in ''Amanita muscaria'', though the pharmacologically more relevant compound from this mushroom is the Z-drug-like alkaloid muscimol. ''A. muscaria'' fruitbodies contain a variable dose of muscarine, usually around 0.0003% fresh weight. This is very low and toxicity symptoms occur very rarely. ''Inocybe'' and ''Clitocybe'' contain muscarine concentrations up to 1.6%. Muscarine is a nonselective agonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. History The name ''muscarine'' derives from that o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atractosporocybe
''Atractosporocybe'' is a mushroom genus in the family Tricholomataceae in the broad sense. The type species resembles ''Clitocybe'' and grows in forests. Etymology The name ''Atractosporocybe'' is derived from ancient Greek 'atractos' referring to the fusiform shape of the spores ('-sporo') and '-cybe', a reference to head or cap. See also *List of Agaricales genera This is a list of mushroom-forming fungi genera in the order Agaricales. Genera * See also *List of Agaricales families References Notes References {{reflist, 2, refs= {{cite journal , last=Agerer , first=R. , year=1983 , title=Beitrag zur F ... References Agaricales genera Tricholomataceae Taxa described in 2015 {{Tricholomataceae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
