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Clitocybe Nebularis
''Clitocybe nebularis'' or ''Lepista nebularis'', commonly known as the clouded agaric or cloud funnel, is an abundant gilled fungus which appears both in conifer-dominated forests and broad-leaved woodland in Europe and North America. Appearing in Britain from late summer to late autumn, it is edible, but may cause gastrointestinal issues. Taxonomy The species was first described and named as ''Agaricus nebularis'' in 1789 by August Johann Georg Karl Batsch. It was later placed in the genus ''Clitocybe'' in 1871 by Paul Kummer as ''Clitocybe nebularis''. After much consideration by many mycologists, over some years, when it was placed for periods in both ''Lepista'', and ''Gymnopus'', it was placed back in ''Clitocybe'' with the specific epithet, and 1871 creditation it retains today.''Clitocybe nebularis'' var. ''alba'' Bataille (1911), differs only in having a milk white cap, and is very rare. Description The cap of the mushroom is 5–25 cm (2–8 in) in diameter, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August Batsch
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (28 October 1761 – 29 September 1802) was a German naturalist. He was a recognised authority on mushrooms, and also described new species of ferns, bryophytes, and seed plants. Life and career Batsch was born in Jena, Saxe-Weimar to George Lorenz Bratsch and Ernestine (''nee'' Franke) Bratsch. He studied at the Jena City School, and then had private tuition. He showed an aptitude for natural sciences and drawing, and so subsequently studied medicine and philosophy at the University of Jena (now known as the Friedrich Schiller University of Jena), entering in 1772 and obtaining his doctorate in philosophy in 1781 and in medicine in 1786, his supervisor being Justus Christian Loder. Batsch was married in 1787 to Amalie Pfaundel. They had three children, Friedrich (born 1789), George Friedrich Karl (1792), and Karoline (1795). He died in 1802 after a short illness. In 1786 Batsch began to teach natural history at the University of Jena and in 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convex
Convex or convexity may refer to: Science and technology * Convex lens, in optics Mathematics * Convex set, containing the whole line segment that joins points ** Convex polygon, a polygon which encloses a convex set of points ** Convex polytope, a polytope with a convex set of points ** Convex metric space, a generalization of the convexity notion in abstract metric spaces * Convex function, when the line segment between any two points on the graph of the function lies above or on the graph * Convex conjugate, of a function * Convexity (algebraic geometry), a restrictive technical condition for algebraic varieties originally introduced to analyze Kontsevich moduli spaces Economics and finance * Convexity (finance), second derivatives in financial modeling generally * Convexity in economics * Bond convexity, a measure of the sensitivity of the duration of a bond to changes in interest rates * Convex preferences, an individual's ordering of various outcomes Other uses * Convex Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edible Fungi
Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground (epigeous) where they may be picked by hand. Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. Edible mushrooms are consumed for their nutritional and culinary value. Mushrooms, especially dried shiitake, are sources of umami flavor. Edible mushrooms include many fungal species that are either harvested wild or cultivated. Easily cultivated and common wild mushrooms are often available in markets, and those that are more difficult to obtain (such as the prized truffle, matsutake, and morel) may be collected on a smaller scale by private gatherers. Some preparations may render certain poisonous mushrooms fit for consumption. Before assuming that any wild mushroom is e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MycoBank
MycoBank is an online database, documenting new mycological names and combinations, eventually combined with descriptions and illustrations. It is run by the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute in Utrecht. Each novelty, after being screened by nomenclatural experts and found in accordance with the ICN ( International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants), is allocated a unique MycoBank number before the new name has been validly published. This number then can be cited by the naming author in the publication where the new name is being introduced. Only then, this unique number becomes public in the database. By doing so, this system can help solve the problem of knowing which names have been validly published and in which year. MycoBank is linked to other important mycological databases such as ''Index Fungorum'', Life Science Identifiers, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and other databases. MycoBank is one of three nomenclatural repositories r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Infundibulicybe Geotropa
''Infundibulicybe geotropa'', also known as the trooping funnel or monk's head, is a funnel-shaped toadstool widely found in Europe and (less commonly) in North America. A large sturdy cream- or buff-coloured funnel-shaped mushroom, it grows in mixed woodlands, often in troops or fairy rings, one of which is over half a mile wide. Although edible, it could be confused with some poisonous species of similar colouration and size. Taxonomy and naming French mycologist Pierre Bulliard initially described the trooping funnel as ''Agaricus geotropus'' in 1792, before Lucien Quélet renamed it ''Clitocybe geotropa'' (a name by which it was long known) in 1872. Its specific epithet derived from the Ancient Greek words /''gē'' "earth", and τρόπος/''tropos'' "turn". Finnish mycologist Harri Harmaja proposed ''I. geotropa'' and twelve other ''Clitocybe'' species be split off into a new genus ''Infundibulicybe'', thus the new binomial name is ''Infundibulicybe geotropa''. Descript ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucopaxillus Giganteus
''Leucopaxillus giganteus'', commonly known as the giant leucopax (formerly as the giant clitocybe) or the giant funnel, is a saprobic species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae. As its common names imply, the fruit body, or mushroom, can become quite large—the cap reaches diameters of up to . It has a white or pale cream cap, and is funnel-shaped when mature, with the gills running down the length of the stem. Considered by some to be a choice edible when young, this species has a cosmopolitan distribution, and is typically found growing in groups or rings in grassy pastures, roadside hedges, or woodland clearings. It has been shown to contain a bioactive compound with antibiotic properties. Taxonomy The species was first described as ''Agaricus giganteus'' by English naturalist James Sowerby in 1809, who illustrated it in his book ''Coloured Figures of English Fungi''. Other historical synonyms include ''Clitocybe gigantea'' ( Quélet, 1872), ''Paxillus giganteus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tricholoma Saponaceum
''Tricholoma saponaceum'', also known as the soap-scented toadstool, soapy knight or soap tricholoma is an inedible mushroom found in woodlands in Europe and North America. Taxonomy ''Tricholoma saponaceum'' was first described in 1818 by the father of mycology Elias Magnus Fries and given the name ''Agaricus saponaceus'', before being placed in the genus ''Tricholoma'' by German mycologist Paul Kummer in 1871. The specific epithet ''saponaceum'' is derived from the Latin 'of or pertaining to soap'. Its names in other European languages, such as French ''Tricolome à odeur de savon'', and German ''Seifenritterling'' have a similar derivation to its English names-soap-scented toadstool, soapy knight or soap tricholoma—all relating to its soapy scent. ''Tricholoma saponaceum'' is yet another fungus which may represent a species complex of two or more species. The variety ''ardosiacum'', described by Italian mycologist Giacomo Bresadola, has a dark blue-grey cap. Description ''T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leucopaxillus Albissimus
''Leucopaxillus albissimus'' is a species of mushroom that lives as a saprobe, decaying the litter under coniferous trees. It produces a large white fruiting body that is unusually resistant to decay. It is considered to be inedible. Description The species is generally white, with ''albissimus'' meaning 'whitest' in Latin. The cap of ''Leucopaxillus albissimus'' is 4–20 cm wide, and slowly changes from convex to plane; occasionally the disc is depressed. When young, the margin is incurved and faintly striate. The cap's surface is dry, unpolished, and smooth; in moderate weather, it becomes scaled and a shade of cream to cream-buff. As it ages, the cap's surface turns buff-tan. Overall, the flesh is white, moderately thick, and has a mild odor. Gills are crowded, broad, and decurrent. Although they are originally cream-colored, the gills turn buff-tan with age. Varying from 3–7 cm in length, the stipe of ''Leucopaxillus albissimus'' is 2.5–4 cm thick, stout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entoloma Sinuatum
''Entoloma sinuatum'' ( commonly known as the livid entoloma, livid agaric, livid pinkgill, leaden entoloma, and lead poisoner) is a poisonous mushroom found across Europe and North America. Some guidebooks refer to it by its older scientific names of ''Entoloma lividum'' or ''Rhodophyllus sinuatus''. The largest mushroom of the genus of pink- spored fungi known as ''Entoloma'', it is also the type species. Appearing in late summer and autumn, fruit bodies are found in deciduous woodlands on clay or chalky soils, or nearby parklands, sometimes in the form of fairy rings. Solid in shape, they resemble members of the genus ''Tricholoma''. The ivory to light grey-brown cap is up to across with a margin that is rolled inward. The sinuate gills are pale and often yellowish, becoming pink as the spores develop. The thick whitish stem has no ring. When young, it may be mistaken for the edible St George's mushroom ('' Calocybe gambosa'') or the miller (''Clitopilus prunulus''). It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairy Ring
A fairy ring, also known as fairy circle, elf circle, elf ring or pixie ring, is a naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms. They are found mainly in forested areas, but also appear in grasslands or rangelands. Fairy rings are detectable by sporocarps (fungal spore pods) in rings or arcs, as well as by a necrotic zone (dead grass), or a ring of dark green grass. Fungus mycelium is present in the ring or arc underneath. The rings may grow to over in diameter, and they become stable over time as the fungus grows and seeks food underground. Fairy rings are the subject of much folklore and myth worldwide—particularly in Western Europe. They are often seen as hazardous or dangerous places, and linked with witches or the Devil in folklore. Conversely, they can sometimes be linked with good fortune. Genesis The mycelium of a fungus growing in the ground absorbs nutrients by secretion of enzymes from the tips of the hyphae (threads making up the mycelium). This breaks down larg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FalconGuide
Globe Pequot is a book publisher and distributor of outdoor recreation and leisure titles that publishes 500 new titles. Globe Pequot was acquired by Morris Communications in 1997. Lyons Press was acquired in 2001. It was sold to Rowman & Littlefield Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an independent publishing house founded in 1949. Under several imprints, the company offers scholarly books for the academic market, as well as trade books. The company also owns the book distributing compa ... in 2014. Imprints Globe Pequot publishes several imprints, including '' Prometheus Books'' ''Lyons Press'', ''FalconGuides'', ''Knack'', and ''Insiders' Guide''. References External links *{{Official website, http://globepequot.com Companies based in New Haven County, Connecticut Morris Communications Publishing companies of the United States ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Volvariella Surrecta
''Volvariella surrecta'', commonly known as the piggyback rosegill, is an agaric fungus in the family Pluteaceae. Although rare, the species is widely distributed, having been reported from Asia, North America, Northern Africa, Europe, and New Zealand. The fungus grows as a parasite on the fruit bodies of other gilled mushrooms, usually ''Clitocybe nebularis''. ''V. surrecta'' mushrooms have white or greyish silky-hairy caps up to in diameter, and white gills that turns pink in maturity. The stipe, also white, is up to long, and has a sack-like volva at its base. Taxonomy The species was first mentioned in scientific literature as ''Agaricus surrectus'' by English botanist John Leonard Knapp in his 1829 ''Journal of a Naturalist''. Knapp described the species and illustrated it in a woodcut. He wrote: We have even an agaric, with a bulbous root and downy pileus, that will spring from the smooth summit of another (agaricus caseus), which has a uniform footstalk, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
