RhoGEF domain describes two distinct

structural domain In molecular biology, a protein domain is a region of a protein's polypeptide chain that is self-stabilizing and that folds independently from the rest. Each domain forms a compact folded three-dimensional structure. Many proteins consist of s ...

s with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate

small GTPase Small GTPases (), also known as small G-proteins, are a family of hydrolase enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP). They are a type of G-protein found in the cytosol that are homologous to the alpha subunit of heterotri ...

s in the

Rho family The Rho family of GTPases is a family of small (~21 kDa) signaling G proteins, and is a subfamily of the Ras superfamily. The members of the Rho GTPase family have been shown to regulate many aspects of intracellular actin dynamics, and are found ...

. Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is often ...

but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including

RhoA Transforming protein RhoA, also known as Ras homolog family member A (RhoA), is a small GTPase protein in the Rho family of GTPases that in humans is encoded by the ''RHOA'' gene. While the effects of RhoA activity are not all well known, it is ...

, Rac1 and Cdc42. The largest class of RhoGEFs is composed of proteins containing the " Dbl-homology" (DH) domain, which almost always is found together with a pleckstrin-homology (PH) domain to form a combined DH/PH domain structure. A distinct class of RhoGEFs is those proteins containing the DOCK/CZH/DHR-2 domain. This structure has no sequence similarity with DBL-homology domains.

Human proteins containing DH/PH RhoGEF domain

ABR; AKAP13/ARHGEF13/Lbc;

ALS2 Alsin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ALS2'' gene. ''ALS2'' orthologs have been identified in all mammals for which complete genome data are available. See also * Juvenile primary lateral sclerosis * Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ...

; ALS2CL; ARHGEF1/p115-RhoGEF; ARHGEF10; ARHGEF10L; ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF.; ARHGEF12/LARG; ARHGEF15; ARHGEF16; ARHGEF17; ARHGEF18; ARHGEF19;

ARHGEF2 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF2'' gene. Function Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through ...

; ARHGEF25; ARHGEF26; ARHGEF28;

ARHGEF3 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 3, also known as ARHGEF3, is a human gene. Function Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through G protein-coupled ...

; ARHGEF33;

ARHGEF35 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 35 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the ARHGEF35 gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." mea ...

; ARHGEF37; ARHGEF38; ARHGEF39;

ARHGEF4 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF4'' gene. Function Rho GTPases play a fundamental role in numerous cellular processes that are initiated by extracellular stimuli that work through ...

; ARHGEF40; ARHGEF5; ARHGEF6/alpha-PIX; ARHGEF7/beta-PIX;

ARHGEF9 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGEF9'' gene. Function ARHGEF9 belongs to a family of Rho-like GTPases that act as molecular switches by cycling from the active GTP-bound state to the ...

; BCR; DNMBP;

ECT2 Protein ECT2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ECT2'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of t ...

; ECT2L; FARP1;

FARP2 FERM, RhoGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FARP2'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of FARP2 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called ''Fa ...

;

FGD1 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 1 (FGD1) also known as faciogenital dysplasia 1 protein (FGDY), zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (ZFYVE3), or Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor FGD1 (Rho/Rac GEF) is a protein tha ...

;

FGD2 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 2 (FGD2), also known as zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 4 (ZFYVE4), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FGD2'' gene. It is a member of the FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain containing F ...

;

FGD3 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FGD3'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." mean ...

;

FGD4 FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''FGD4'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meani ...

; FGD5; FGD6; ITSN1/Intersectin 1; ITSN2/Intersectin 2; KALRN/Kalirin;

MCF2 The DBL proto-oncogene is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCF2'' gene. The commonly-used name DBL is derived from “diffuse B-cell lymphoma”, the cancer type where this gene was first identified as an oncogene, while the name MCF2 ...

;

MCF2L Guanine nucleotide exchange factor DBS is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCF2L'' gene. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of MCF2L function. A conditional knockout mouse line called ''Mcf2ltm1a(EUCOMM)Hm ...

; MCF2L2; NET1;

NGEF NGEF (New Government Electrical Factory) of Karnataka in India was an ISO 9001 certified company with German collaborators and known for technology. It is taken as an example of an Indian company that declined. The Company NGEF was incorporate ...

;

OBSCN Obscurin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''OBSCN'' gene. Obscurin belongs to the family of giant sarcomeric signaling proteins that includes titin and nebulin. Obscurin is expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and plays a role in ...

; PLEKHG1;

PLEKHG2 Pleckstrin homology domain containing, family G member 2 (PLEKHG2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PLEKHG2'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian unit ...

; PLEKHG3; PLEKHG4; PLEKHG4B; PLEKHG5; PLEKHG6; PREX1; PREX2; RASGRF1; RASGRF2; SPATA13; TIAM1; TIAM2; TRIO;

VAV1 Proto-oncogene vav is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this proto-oncogene is a member of the Dbl family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for the Rho family of GTP binding pr ...

;

VAV2 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV2'' gene. VAV2 is the second member of the VAV oncogene family. Unlike VAV1, which is expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, VAV2 transcripts were f ...

;

VAV3 Guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''VAV3'' gene. This gene is a member of the VAV gene family. The Vav (protein), VAV proteins are guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for Rho family GTPas ...

Human proteins containing DOCK/CZH RhoGEF domain

DOCK1/DOCK180;

DOCK2 Dock2 (Dedicator of cytokinesis 2), also known as DOCK2, is a large (~180 kDa) protein involved in intracellular Cell signalling, signalling networks. It is a member of the DOCK-A subfamily of the DOCK (protein), DOCK family of guanine nucleotide ...

; DOCK3/MOCA; DOCK4; DOCK5; DOCK6/ZIR1; DOCK7/ZIR2; DOCK8/ZIR3; DOCK9/Zizimin1; DOCK10/Zizimin2; DOCK11/Zizimin3

Human proteins containing DH/PH RhoGEF domain

Human proteins containing DOCK/CZH RhoGEF domain

See also

References

Further reading