Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; hu, Újvidék, ; german: Neusatz;
see below for other names) is the
second largest city in
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
and the capital of the autonomous province of
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
. It is located in the southern portion of the
Pannonian Plain
The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large basin situated in south-east Central Europe. The geomorphological term Pannonian Plain is more widely used for roughly the same region though with a somewhat different sense, with only the ...
on the border of the
Bačka
Bačka ( sr-cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska () is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary ...
and
Syrmia
Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the exce ...
geographical regions. Lying on the banks of the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
river, the city faces the northern slopes of
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
.
, Novi Sad proper has a population of 231,798 while its urban area (including the adjacent settlements of
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
and
Sremska Kamenica
Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: ''Сремска Каменица'', ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian ...
) comprises 277,522 inhabitants. The population of the administrative area of the city totals 341,625 people.
Novi Sad was founded in 1694 when
Serb
The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language.
The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the
Petrovaradin Fortress
Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; hu, Péterváradi vár), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of Novi Sad ...
, a strategic
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (), alternatively spelled Hapsburg in Englishgerman: Haus Habsburg, ; es, Casa de Habsburgo; hu, Habsburg család, it, Casa di Asburgo, nl, Huis van Habsburg, pl, dom Habsburgów, pt, Casa de Habsburgo, la, Domus Hab ...
military post. In subsequent centuries, it became an important trading, manufacturing and cultural centre, and has historically been dubbed ''the Serbian Athens''. The city was heavily devastated in the
1848 Revolution
The Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Springtime of the Peoples or the Springtime of Nations, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe starting in 1848. It remains the most widespread revolutionary wave in Europea ...
, but was subsequently rebuilt and restored. Today, along with the Serbian capital city of Belgrade, Novi Sad is an industrial and financial center important to the
Serbian economy.
Novi Sad is the
European Capital of Culture for the year 2022 and was the
European Youth Capital
Turin (2010)
Antwerp (2011)
Braga (2012)
Maribor (2013)
Thessaloniki (2014)
Ganja (2016)
The 'European Youth Capital'' (abbreviated EYC) is the title awarded by the European Youth Forum to a European city, designed to empower ...
in 2019.
Name
The name ''Novi Sad'' means "new plantation" in
Serbian
Serbian may refer to:
* someone or something related to Serbia, a country in Southeastern Europe
* someone or something related to the Serbs, a South Slavic people
* Serbian language
* Serbian names
See also
*
*
* Old Serbian (disambiguat ...
. Its Latin name, stemming from the establishment of Habsburg city rights, is ''Neoplanta''. The official names of Novi Sad in local administration are:
} /
* hu, Újvidék
* sk, Nový Sad
* rue, Нови Сад (transliterated: ''Novi Sad'')
In both
Croatian and
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
**Romanian cuisine, traditional ...
, which are official in provincial administration, the city is called ''Novi Sad''. Historically, it was also called ''Neusatz'' and ''Neusatz an der Donau'' in German.
In its
wider meaning, the name ''Grad Novi Sad'' refers to the "City of Novi Sad", one of the city-level
administrative units
Administrative division, administrative unit,Article 3(1). country subdivision, administrative region, subnational entity, constituent state, as well as many similar terms, are generic names for geographical areas into which a particular, ind ...
of
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
, which includes Novi Sad proper on the left bank of the Danube, the towns of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin on the right bank and the extensive suburbs of the left bank. ''Novi Sad'' can also refer
strictly
In mathematical writing, the term strict refers to the property of excluding equality and equivalence and often occurs in the context of inequality and monotonic functions. It is often attached to a technical term to indicate that the exclusive ...
to only the urban areas of the city (Novi Sad proper and the towns of Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin), or only to the historical core on the left bank, i.e. Novi Sad proper excluding Sremska Kamenica and Petrovaradin.
History
Older settlements
Human habitation in the territory of present-day Novi Sad has been traced as far back as the
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 4,000 BC and 2,000 BC, with t ...
. Several settlements and
necropolis
A necropolis (plural necropolises, necropoles, necropoleis, necropoli) is a large, designed cemetery with elaborate tomb monuments. The name stems from the Ancient Greek ''nekropolis'', literally meaning "city of the dead".
The term usually im ...
es dating to 5000 BC were unearthed during the construction of a new boulevard in
Avijatičarsko Naselje
Avijatičarsko Naselje ( sr, Авијатичарско Насеље), also known as Avijacija ( sr, Авијација), is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Borders
The south-eastern border of Avijatičarsko Naselje is Ulic ...
. A settlement was also identified on the right bank of the river
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
in present-day
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
.
In antiquity, the region was inhabited by
Celtic tribes
This is a list of Celtic tribes, organized in order of the likely ethnolinguistic kinship of the peoples and tribes.
In Classical antiquity, Celts were a large number and a significant part of the population in many regions of Western Europe, ...
, most notably the
Scordisci
The Scordisci ( el, Σκορδίσκοι) were a Celtic Iron Age cultural group centered in the territory of present-day Serbia, at the confluence of the Savus (Sava), Dravus (Drava), Margus (Morava) and Danube rivers. They were historically no ...
. Celts were present in the area since the 4th century BC and founded the first fortress on the right bank of the Danube. Later, in the 1st century BC, the region was conquered by the
Romans
Roman or Romans most often refers to:
*Rome, the capital city of Italy
*Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD
*Roman people, the people of ancient Rome
*''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...
. During Roman rule, a larger fortress was built in the 1st century, with the name ''Cusum'', and was included in the
Roman province
The Roman provinces (Latin: ''provincia'', pl. ''provinciae'') were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. Each province was rule ...
of
Pannonia
Pannonia (, ) was a province of the Roman Empire bounded on the north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. Pannonia was located in the territory that is now wes ...
.
In the 5th century, Cusum was devastated by
Hunnic invasions. By the end of the same century, the
Byzantines had reconstructed the town and called it by the names ''Petrikon'' or ''Petrikov'' ( gr, Πέτρικον) after
Saint Peter
Saint Peter; he, שמעון בר יונה, Šimʿōn bar Yōnāh; ar, سِمعَان بُطرُس, translit=Simʿa̅n Buṭrus; grc-gre, Πέτρος, Petros; cop, Ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ, Petros; lat, Petrus; ar, شمعون الصفـا, Sham'un ...
.
Slavic tribes such as the
Severians
The Severians or Severyans or Siverians ( be, Севяране; bg, Севери; russian: Северяне; uk, Сiверяни, translit=Siveriany) were a tribe or tribal confederation of early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the mi ...
, the
Obotrites
The Obotrites ( la, Obotriti, Abodritorum, Abodritos…) or Obodrites, also spelled Abodrites (german: Abodriten), were a confederation of medieval West Slavs, West Slavic tribes within the territory of modern Mecklenburg and Holstein in norther ...
and the
Serbs
The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian ancestry, culture, history and language.
The majority of Serbs live in their na ...
(including the subtribes of the
Braničevci
The Braničevci (also Branichevci or Branichevtsi; sr-cyr, Браничевци) were a List of medieval Slavic peoples and tribes, South Slavic tribe that inhabited the region of Braničevo (region), Braničevo, in what is today Serbia, during t ...
and the
Timočani
The Timočani (also Timochani, or Timochans; Serbian and Bulgarian: Тимочани) were a medieval South Slavic tribe that lived in the territory of present-day eastern Serbia, west of the Timok River, as well as in the regions of Banat, Syrm ...
) settled today's region around Novi Sad mainly in the 6th and 7th centuries.
[Sava S. Vujić – Bogdan M. Basarić, ''Severni Srbi (ne)zaboravljeni narod,'' Beograd, 1998, pg. 36] The Serbs absorbed the aforementioned Slavic groups as well as the
Paleo-Balkanic peoples of the region.
In the Middle Ages, the area was subsequently controlled by the
Ostrogoths
The Ostrogoths ( la, Ostrogothi, Austrogothi) were a Roman-era Germanic peoples, Germanic people. In the 5th century, they followed the Visigoths in creating one of the two great Goths, Gothic kingdoms within the Roman Empire, based upon the larg ...
,
Gepids
The Gepids, ( la, Gepidae, Gipedae, grc, Γήπαιδες) were an East Germanic tribe who lived in the area of modern Romania, Hungary and Serbia, roughly between the Tisza, Sava and Carpathian Mountains. They were said to share the religion a ...
,
Avars,
Franks
The Franks ( la, Franci or ) were a group of Germanic peoples whose name was first mentioned in 3rd-century Roman sources, and associated with tribes between the Lower Rhine and the Ems River, on the edge of the Roman Empire.H. Schutz: Tools, ...
,
West Slavic groups, again by the Byzantines, and finally by the
Hungarians
Hungarians, also known as Magyars ( ; hu, magyarok ), are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary () and historical Hungarian lands who share a common culture, history, ancestry, and language. The Hungarian language belongs to the Urali ...
. It became a part of the medieval
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
between the 11th and 12th centuries. Hungarians began to settle in the area, which before that time was mostly populated by Slavs, and the place was first mentioned under the Hungarian variant ''Peturwarad'' or ''Pétervárad'' (Serbian: ''Petrovaradin''/Петроварадин), which derived from the Byzantine variant, found in documents from 1237. That same year, several other settlements were mentioned as existing in the territory of modern-day urban Novi Sad.
From the 13th century to the 16th century, the following settlements existed within the territory of the urban areas of modern-day Novi Sad:
[Branko Ćurčin, ]Slana Bara Slana may refer to:
* Slana, Alaska, a populated place in the Copper River Census Area
* Slana River, in Alaska, a tributary of Copper River
* Slana, Croatia, a village near Petrinja
* Slana concentration camp
Slana concentration camp was a co ...
nekad i sad, Novi Sad, 2002.[Borovszky Samu: Magyarország vármegyéi és városai, Bács-Bodrog vármegye I.-II. kötet, Apolló Irodalmi és Nyomdai Részvénytársaság, 1909.]
*on the right bank of the Danube: ''Pétervárad'' (Serbian: ''Petrovaradin'') and ''Kamanc'' (Serbian: ''Kamenica'').
*on the left bank of the Danube: ''Baksa'' or ''Baksafalva'' ( sr, Bakša, Bakšić), ''Kűszentmárton'' ( sr, Sent Marton), ''Bivalyos'' or ''Bivalo'' ( sr, Bivaljoš, Bivalo), ''Vásárosvárad'' or ''Várad'' ( sr, Vašaroš Varad, Varadinci), ''Zajol I'' (Serbian: ''
Sajlovo I'', ''Gornje Sajlovo'', ''Gornje Isailovo''), ''Zajol II'' (Serbian: ''
Sajlovo
Sajlovo ( sr-cyrl, Сајлово; hu, Zajol) or Donje Sajlovo ( sr-cyrl, Доње Сајлово) is a neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
History
In 1237, two villages with name Sajlovo (Hungarian: Zajol), Donje Sajlovo and Gornje Saj ...
II'', ''Donje Sajlovo'', ''Donje Isailovo''), ''Bistritz'' (Serbian: ''
Bistrica''). Some other settlements existed in the suburbs of Novi Sad: ''Mortályos'' (Serbian: ''Mrtvaljoš''), ''Csenei'' ( sr,
Čenej
Čenej () is a suburban settlement of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and a population numbering 2,115 people (2002 census).
Name
In Serbian, the village is known as Ченеј or ''Čenej'', in Croatian a ...
), ''Keménd'' (Serbian: ''
Kamendin
Kamendin ( sr-cyr, Камендин) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of Zemun, in the northwest section of Zemun. It adjoins the neighborhood of Zemun Polje on the west, it ...
''), ''Rév'' ( sr, Rivica).
An etymology of settlement names reveals that some designations are of
Slavic origin, which indicates that the areas were initially inhabited by Slavs, particularly the
West Slavs
The West Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak the West Slavic languages. They separated from the common Slavic group around the 7th century, and established independent polities in Central Europe by the 8th to 9th centuries. The West Slavic langu ...
. For example, Bivalo (Bivaljoš) was a large Slavic settlement dating from the 5th–6th centuries.
Other names are of
Hungarian origin (for example Bélakút, Kűszentmárton, Vásárosvárad, Rév), indicating that the settlements were inhabited by Hungarians before the
Ottoman invasion in the 16th century.
Some settlement names are of uncertain origin.
Tax records from 1522 show a mix of Hungarian and Slavic names among the inhabitants of these villages, including Slavic names like Bozso (Božo), Radovan, Radonya (Radonja), Ivo, etc. Following the Ottoman invasion in the 16th–17th centuries, some of these settlements were destroyed. Most of the surviving Hungarian inhabitants retreated from the area. Some of the settlements persisted during the Ottoman rule and were populated by ethnic Serbs.
Between 1526 and 1687, the region was under
Ottoman rule. In the year 1590, the population of all villages that existed in the territory of present-day Novi Sad numbered at 105 houses, inhabited exclusively by Serbs. Ottoman records mention only those inhabitants who paid taxes, so the number of Serbs who lived in the area (for example, those that served in the
Ottoman army
The military of the Ottoman Empire ( tr, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun silahlı kuvvetleri) was the armed forces of the Ottoman Empire.
Army
The military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods. The foundation era covers the ...
) was likely larger than was recorded.
Founding of Novi Sad
Habsburg rule was aligned with the Roman Catholic doctrine and, as it took over this area near the end of the 17th century, the government prohibited people of
Orthodox faith from residing in
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
. Unable to build homes there, the Serbs of the area founded a new settlement in 1694 on the left bank of the Danube. They initially called it the 'Serb city' (german:
Ratzen
Rascians ( sr, Раши, Рашани / ''Raši, Rašani''; la, Rasciani, Natio Rasciana) was a historical term for Serbs. The term was derived from the Latinized name for the central Serbian region of Raška ( la, Rascia; sr-Cyrl, Рашка). ...
Stadt). Another name used for the settlement was Petrovaradinski Šanac. In 1718, the inhabitants of the village of
Almaš Almaš was an ethnic Serbs, Serb village in Bačka. It existed until the first half of the 18th century. The village was located on Almaška bara (Almaška bog), between Temerin, Nadalj, and Gospođinci.
Name
In Serbian language, Serbian the villag ...
were resettled to Petrovaradinski Šanac, where they founded
Almaški Kraj
Almaški Kraj ( sr, Алмашки Крај) is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. It is situated between the Almaška church and the Saborna church and includes parts of the Podbara, Salajka and Stari Grad, Novi Sad, Stari Grad ...
('the Almaš quarter').
According to 1720 data, the population of Ratzen Stadt was composed of 112 Serbian, 14 German, and 5 Hungarian houses. The settlement officially gained the present names ''Novi Sad'' and ''Újvidék'' (''Neoplanta'' in Latin) in 1748 when it became a 'free royal city', in German language it was called Neusatz.
The edict that made Novi Sad a 'free royal city' was proclaimed on 1 February 1748. The edict reads:
In the 18th century, the Habsburg monarchy recruited Germans from the southern principalities of the Holy Roman Empire to relocate to the Danube valley. They wanted both to increase the population and to redevelop the river valley for agriculture, which had declined markedly under the Ottomans. To encourage such settlement, the government ensured that the German communities could practice their religion (mostly Catholicism) and use their original German dialect.
Habsburg monarchy
For much of the 18th and 19th centuries, Novi Sad remained the largest city inhabited by Serbs. The reformer of the Serbian language,
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, wrote in 1817 that Novi Sad was the 'largest Serb municipality in the world'. It was a cultural and political centre for Serbs (see also
Serbian Revival The Serbian Revival ( sr, Српски препород / Srpski preporod) or Serbian national awakening refers to a period in the history of the Serbs between the 18th century and the ''de jure'' establishment of the Principality of Serbia (1878). ...
), who did not have their own
national state
A nation state is a political unit where the state and nation are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant ethnic group.
A nation, in the sense of a common ethnicity, may inc ...
at the time. Due to its cultural and political influence, the city became known as the 'Serbian
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
' (''Srpska Atina'' in Serbian). According to 1843 data, Novi Sad had 17,332 inhabitants, of whom 9,675 were
Orthodox Christians
Orthodoxy (from Greek: ) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churc ...
, 5,724
Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, 1,032
Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
, 727 Jews, and 30 adherents of the
Armenian church
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
. The largest
ethnic group
An ethnic group or an ethnicity is a grouping of people who identify with each other on the basis of shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups. Those attributes can include common sets of traditions, ancestry, language, history, ...
in the city were Serbs, and the second largest were
Germans
, native_name_lang = de
, region1 =
, pop1 = 72,650,269
, region2 =
, pop2 = 534,000
, region3 =
, pop3 = 157,000
3,322,405
, region4 =
, pop4 = ...
.
During the
Revolution of 1848–49, Novi Sad was part of
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina ( sr, Српска Војводина / ) was a short-lived self-proclaimed Serbs, Serb autonomous province within the Austrian Empire during the Revolutions of 1848, which existed until 1849 when it was transformed into the ...
, a Serbian
autonomous region
An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subnational administrative division or internal territory of a sovereign state that has a degree of autonomy ...
within the Austrian Empire. In 1849, the Hungarian garrison, located at the Petrovaradin Fortress, bombarded and devastated the city, which lost much of its population. According to the 1850 census, there were only 7,182 citizens left in the city, compared to 17,332 in 1843.
Marija Trandafil
Marija Trandafil or Marija Popović (25 December 1816 – 14 October 1883) was a Serbian philanthropist in the city of Novi Sad. She and her husband helped the city of Novi Sad to rebuild after it was bombarded in the 1848 Hungarian Revolution. ...
and her husband paid for some of the rebuilding including two churches.
Between 1849 and 1860, Novi Sad was part of a separate Austrian crownland known as the
Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar
, conventional_long_name = Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banate
, common_name = Serbia and Banat
, subdivision = Crownland
, nation = the Austrian Empire
, year_start = 1849
, date_start = 18 November
, year_end = 1860
, date_end = ...
. After the abolishment of this province, the city was included into the
Batsch-Bodrog County. The post office was opened in 1853.
Following the
compromise of 1867
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (german: Ausgleich, hu, Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise only partially re-established the former pre-1848 sovereignty and status of the Kingdom of Hungary ...
, Novi Sad was located within the
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...
, the ''
Transleithania
The Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen ( hu, a Szent Korona Országai), informally Transleithania (meaning the lands or region "beyond" the Leitha River) were the Hungarian territories of Austria-Hungary, throughout the latter's entire exi ...
'', which comprised half of the new
Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
. During this time, the
Magyarization
Magyarization ( , also ''Hungarization'', ''Hungarianization''; hu, magyarosítás), after "Magyar"—the Hungarian autonym—was an assimilation or acculturation process by which non-Hungarian nationals living in Austro-Hungarian Transleithan ...
policy of the Hungarian government drastically altered the demographic structure of the city as the formerly predominantly Serbian population became one with a more mixed character. In 1880, 41.2% of the city's inhabitants used the
Serbian language
Serbian (, ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kos ...
most frequently and 25.9% employed Hungarian. In the following decades, the percentage of Serbian-speakers decreased, while the number of Hungarian-speakers increased. According to the 1910 census, the city had 33,590 residents, of whom 13,343 (39.72%) spoke Hungarian, 11,594 (34.52%) Serbian, 5,918 (17.62%) German and 1,453 (4.33%) Slovak. It is not certain whether Hungarians or Serbs were the larger ethnic group in the city in 1910, since the various ethnic groups (
Bunjevci
Bunjevci ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Bunjevci, Буњевци, ; sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Bunjevac, Буњевац, sh-Latn-Cyrl, label=, separator=" / ", Bunjevka, Буњевка) are a South Slavic sub-ethnic group living ...
,
Romani
Romani may refer to:
Ethnicities
* Romani people, an ethnic group of Northern Indian origin, living dispersed in Europe, the Americas and Asia
** Romani genocide, under Nazi rule
* Romani language, any of several Indo-Aryan languages of the Roma ...
, Jews, other
South Slavic people, etc.) were classified in census results only according to the language they spoke.
Similar demographic changes can be seen in the religious structure: in 1870, the population of Novi Sad included 8,134 Orthodox Christians, 6,684 Catholics, 1,725 Calvinists, 1,343 Lutherans, and others. In 1910, the population included 13,383
Roman Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
and 11,553 Orthodox Christians, while 3,089 declared themselves as
Lutheran
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...
, 2,751 as
Calvinist
Calvinism (also called the Reformed Tradition, Reformed Protestantism, Reformed Christianity, or simply Reformed) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice set down by John Ca ...
, and 2,326 as Jewish.
Serbia and Yugoslavia
On 25 November 1918, the Assembly of Serbs, Bunjevci and other Slavs of Vojvodina in Novi Sad proclaimed the union of the region of Vojvodina with the
Kingdom of Serbia
The Kingdom of Serbia ( sr-cyr, Краљевина Србија, Kraljevina Srbija) was a country located in the Balkans which was created when the ruler of the Principality of Serbia, Milan I, was proclaimed king in 1882. Since 1817, the Princi ...
. From 1 December 1918, Novi Sad was part of the
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Краљевина Југославија; sl, Kraljevina Jugoslavija) was a state in Southeast and Central Europe that existed from 1918 until 1941. From 1918 ...
; and in 1929, it became the capital of the
Danube Banovina
Danube Banovina or Danube Banate ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Dunavska banovina, Дунавска бановина), was a banovina (or province) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of the geographical ...
, a province of the newly named Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In 1921, the population of Novi Sad numbered 39,122 inhabitants, 16,293 of whom spoke the Serbian language, 12,991 Hungarian, 6,373 German, 1,117 Slovak, etc.
In 1941, Yugoslavia was invaded and partitioned by the
Axis powers
The Axis powers, ; it, Potenze dell'Asse ; ja, 枢軸国 ''Sūjikukoku'', group=nb originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were ...
, and its northern parts, including Novi Sad, were annexed by
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
. During
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
, about 5,000 citizens were murdered and many others were resettled. During the three days of the
Novi Sad raid
The Novi Sad raid, also known as the Raid in southern Bačka, the Novi Sad massacre, the Újvidék massacre, or simply The Raid ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, Рација, Racija), was a military operation carried out by the Királyi Honvédség, the armed for ...
(21–23 January 1942) alone, Hungarian police killed 1,246 citizens, among them more than 800 Jews, and threw their corpses into the icy waters of the Danube.
The total death toll of the raid was around 2,500.
Citizens of all nationalities—Serbs, Hungarians, Slovaks, and others—fought together against the Axis authorities.
In 1975 the whole city was awarded the title
People's Hero of Yugoslavia
The Order of the People's Hero or the Order of the National Hero ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Orden narodnog heroja, Oрден народног хероја; sl, Red narodnega heroja, mk, Oрден на народен херој, Orden na ...
.
The
Yugoslav Partisans
The Yugoslav Partisans,Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian, Slovene: , or the National Liberation Army, sh-Latn-Cyrl, Narodnooslobodilačka vojska (NOV), Народноослободилачка војска (НОВ); mk, Народноослобод ...
of
Syrmia
Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the exce ...
and
Bačka
Bačka ( sr-cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska () is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary ...
entered the city on 23 October 1944. During the military administration of
Banat, Bačka and Baranja
Banat, Bačka and Baranya ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Banat, Bačka i Baranja, Банат, Бачка и Барања) was a province of the Kingdom of Serbia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes between November 1918 and 1922. It ...
(17 October 1944 – 27 January 1945), the Partisans
killed tens of thousands, mostly Serbs, Germans, and Hungarians, who were perceived as opponents to the new regime.
Novi Sad became part of the new
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, commonly referred to as SFR Yugoslavia or simply as Yugoslavia, was a country in Central and Southeast Europe. It emerged in 1945, following World War II, and lasted until 1992, with the breakup of Yug ...
. Since 1945, Novi Sad has been the capital of
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
, a province of the
Republic of Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hung ...
. The city went through rapid industrialization and its population more than doubled in the period between World War II and the breakup of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s.
After 1992, Novi Sad became a part of the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
. Devastated by
NATO bombardment during the
Kosovo War
The Kosovo War was an armed conflict in Kosovo that started 28 February 1998 and lasted until 11 June 1999. It was fought by the forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (i.e. Serbia and Montenegro), which controlled Kosovo before the war ...
of 1999,
Novi Sad was left without any of its three Danube bridges (
Žeželj Bridge
Žeželj Bridge ( sr, Жежељев мост, Žeželjev most) is a tied-arch bridge on Danube river in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. The bridge was originally built in 1961, only to be destroyed during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. The newl ...
,
Varadin Bridge
Varadin Bridge () is a bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Serbia. The bridge was built in 2000, after the previous bridge (Marshal Tito Bridge, renamed Varadin Bridge in 1991) at this location was destroyed during NATO bombardment on 1 April ...
and
Liberty Bridge), communications, water, and electricity. Residential areas were cluster-bombed several times while the
oil refinery
An oil refinery or petroleum refinery is an industrial process plant where petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into useful products such as gasoline (petrol), diesel fuel, asphalt base, fuel oils, heating oil, kerosene, lique ...
was bombarded daily, causing severe pollution and widespread ecological damage. In 2003, FR Yugoslavia was transformed into the
state union
A political union is a type of political entity which is composed of, or created from, smaller polities, or the process which achieves this. These smaller polities are usually called federated states and federal territories in a federal governmen ...
of
Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro ( sr, Cрбија и Црна Гора, translit=Srbija i Crna Gora) was a country in Southeast Europe located in the Balkans that existed from 1992 to 2006, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yu ...
. These two states separated in June 2006 (following the May 2006
Montenegrin independence referendum), leaving Novi Sad part of the
Republic of Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Basin and the Balkans. It shares land borders with Hung ...
.
Geography
The city lies on the
meander
A meander is one of a series of regular sinuous curves in the channel of a river or other watercourse. It is produced as a watercourse erodes the sediments of an outer, concave bank ( cut bank) and deposits sediments on an inner, convex bank ...
of the river Danube, which is only 350 meters wide beneath the marking stones of Petrovaradin.
A section of the
Danube-Tisza-Danube Canal marks the northern edge of the wider city centre. The main part of the city lies on the left bank of the Danube in the region of
Bačka
Bačka ( sr-cyrl, Бачка, ) or Bácska () is a geographical and historical area within the Pannonian Plain bordered by the river Danube to the west and south, and by the river Tisza to the east. It is divided between Serbia and Hungary ...
, while the smaller settlements of
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
and
Sremska Kamenica
Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: ''Сремска Каменица'', ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian ...
lie on the right bank, in the region of
Srem
Syrmia ( sh, Srem/Срем or sh, Srijem/Сријем, label=none) is a region of the southern Pannonian Plain, which lies between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia and Croatia. Most of the region is flat, with the exce ...
(Syrmia). The section situated on the left bank of the river lies on one of the southernmost and lowest parts of the
Pannonian Plain
The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is a large basin situated in south-east Central Europe. The geomorphological term Pannonian Plain is more widely used for roughly the same region though with a somewhat different sense, with only the ...
, while
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
on the right bank is a
horst mountain.
Alluvial plain
An alluvial plain is a largely flat landform created by the deposition of sediment over a long period of time by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms. A floodplain is part of the process, being the sma ...
s along the Danube are well-formed, especially on the left bank, and in some parts from the river. A large part of Novi Sad lies on a
fluvial terrace
Fluvial terraces are elongated terraces that flank the sides of floodplains and fluvial valleys all over the world. They consist of a relatively level strip of land, called a "tread", separated from either an adjacent floodplain, other fluvial te ...
with an elevation between . The northern part of Fruška Gora is composed of massive
landslide
Landslides, also known as landslips, are several forms of mass wasting that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated grade (slope), slope failures, mudflows, and debris flows. Landslides occur in a variety of ...
zones, although they are largely inactive with the exception of the
Ribnjak neighbourhood between
Sremska Kamenica
Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: ''Сремска Каменица'', ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian ...
and
Petrovaradin Fortress
Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; hu, Péterváradi vár), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of Novi Sad ...
.
[Завод за урбанизам: "Еколошки Атлас Новог Сада" ("Ecological Atlas of Novi Sad"), page 14-15, 1994.]
The total land area of the city is , while its urban area spans .
Climate
Novi Sad has a
humid subtropical climate
A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between latitudes 25° and 40° ...
(
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, notabl ...
: ''Cfa'')
closely bordering on
humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freezing ...
(''Dfa'') with a January mean of . The city experiences four distinct seasons. Autumn is drier than spring, with long sunny and warm periods. Winter is not so severe, with an average of 22 days of complete sub-zero temperature, and averages 22 days of snowfall. January is the coldest month, with an average low of . Spring is usually short and rainy, while summer arrives abruptly. The coldest temperature ever recorded in Novi Sad was on 24 January 1963, and the hottest temperature ever recorded was on 24 July 2007.
The east-southeasterly wind, known as
Košava, blows from the
Carpathians
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Ural Mountains, Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The ...
and brings clear and dry weather. It mostly blows in autumn and winter, in 2 to 3-day intervals. The
average speed
In everyday use and in kinematics, the speed (commonly referred to as ''v'') of an object is the magnitude of the change of its position over time or the magnitude of the change of its position per unit of time; it is thus a scalar quanti ...
of Košava is , but certain strokes can reach up to . In wintertime, accompanied by
snow storms, the winds can cause large snow-drifts.
Settlements
Novi Sad is a typical Central European town in terms of its architecture. The Town Hall and the Court House were built by Emmerich Kitzweger (1868–1917). The city was almost completely destroyed during the
1848/1849 revolution, so architecture from the 19th century dominates the
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
. Small, older houses used to surround the centre of town, but they are now being replaced by modern, multi-story buildings.
During the socialist period, new city blocks with wide streets and multi-story buildings were constructed around the city core. However, not many
communist-style high-rise buildings were erected. The total number of
apartment building
An apartment (American English), or flat (British English, Indian English, South African English), is a self-contained housing unit (a type of residential real estate) that occupies part of a building, generally on a single story. There are ...
s, with ten or more floors, remained at about 50, the rest having mostly three to six floors. From 1962 to 1964, a new
boulevard
A boulevard is a type of broad avenue planted with rows of trees, or in parts of North America, any urban highway.
Boulevards were originally circumferential roads following the line of former city walls.
In American usage, boulevards may ...
, today called ''Bulevar oslobođenja'', was cut through the older neighbourhoods, establishing major communication lines. Several more boulevards were subsequently built in a similar manner, creating an
orthogonal
In mathematics, orthogonality is the generalization of the geometric notion of ''perpendicularity''.
By extension, orthogonality is also used to refer to the separation of specific features of a system. The term also has specialized meanings in ...
network which replaced the primarily radial structure of the old town. These interventions paved the way for a relatively unhampered growth of the city, which has almost tripled in population since the 1950s. Despite a huge increase in car ownership,
traffic congestion
Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing. Traffic congestion on urban road networks has increased substantially since the 1950s. When traffic de ...
is still relatively mild, apart from a few major arteries.
Neighbourhoods
Some of the oldest neighbourhoods in the city are
Stari Grad (Old Town),
Rotkvarija,
Podbara
Podbara ( sr, Подбара) is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Borders
The southern borders of Podbara are Ulica Miloša Bajića (Miloš Bajić Street), Trg Republike (Square of the Republic), Daničićeva ulica (Daniči ...
, and
Salajka
Salajka ( sr, Салајка), also known as Slavija ( sr, Славија), is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Borders
The western and southern border of Salajka is Kisačka ulica (Kisač Street), the eastern border is Teme ...
. The areas of
Sremska Kamenica
Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: ''Сремска Каменица'', ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian ...
and
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
, located on the right bank of the Danube, were separate towns in the past, but today belong to the urban area of Novi Sad.
Liman, as well as
Novo Naselje, are neighbourhoods built during the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s, with contemporary style buildings and wide boulevards (
Liman was divided into four sections, numbered I–IV).
New neighbourhoods, like
Liman,
Detelinara
Detelinara ( sr, Детелинара, from Serbian ''detelina'' - ''clover'', hence Detelinara = ''Field of Clovers'') is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Borders
The south-eastern borders of Detelinara are Ulica Branka ...
and
Novo Naselje, emerged from the fields and forests surrounding the city. Following World War II, tall residential buildings were constructed to house the huge influx of people leaving the country side. Many old houses in the city centre, from the
Rotkvarija and
Bulevar
Bulevar ( sr-cyr, Булевар; English language, English: Boulevard) is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Its name simply means "boulevard" in Serbian language, Serbian. Bulevar is not a traditional city neighborhood; it is ...
neighbourhoods, were torn down in the 1950s and 1960s, to be replaced by multi-story buildings. Since the city has experienced a major construction boom in the last 10 years, some neighbourhoods like
Grbavica have completely been transformed.
Neighbourhoods with single family homes are mostly located away from the city centre.
Telep
Telep ( sr-cyr, Телеп) is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Name
The word "telep" ( hu, Telep) means "settlement" in Hungarian. The first name of this neighborhood was ''Darányi-telep'' (Serbian: ''Daranjijevo Naselj ...
, situated in the southwest, and
Klisa, in the north, are the oldest such districts.
Adice
Adice ( sr, Адице) is an urban neighborhood belonging to the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.
Borders
The southern border of Adice is Podunavska ulica (Podunavska Street), the eastern border is Šumska ulica (Šumska Street), the northern border ...
and
Veternik
Veternik ( sr-cyr, Ветерник) is a suburban settlement of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Its population numbers 17,454 (2011 census) and most of its inhabitants are ethnic Serbs. Over the years, especially in the 1990s, it grew with size and ...
, both located west of the downtown area, have significantly expanded during the last 15 years, partly due to an influx of Serb refugees fleeing the
Yugoslav wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of separate but related#Naimark, Naimark (2003), p. xvii. ethnic conflicts, wars of independence, and Insurgency, insurgencies that took place in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFR Yugoslavia from ...
.
Suburbs
While Novi Sad's urban municipalities, which include
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
,
Sremska Kamenica
Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: ''Сремска Каменица'', ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian ...
and Novi Sad proper, have a combined population of about 277,000, its suburban areas have approximately 65,000 inhabitants. Some 23.7% of the administrative city's total population resides in the suburbs, which consist of 12 settlements and 1 town.
The largest numbers live in
Futog
Futog (, German and hu, Futak) is a suburban settlement of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia, with a population of 18,642 according to the 2011 census in Serbia. It is situated in southern Bačka, 7 km away from Novi Sad.
Name
''Terra que Futog et ...
(pop. 20,000) and in
Veternik
Veternik ( sr-cyr, Ветерник) is a suburban settlement of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Its population numbers 17,454 (2011 census) and most of its inhabitants are ethnic Serbs. Over the years, especially in the 1990s, it grew with size and ...
(pop. 17,000) to the west. Both places have grown bigger over the years, especially during the 1990s, and have physically merged with the city.
Suburbs like Futog are officially classified as an '
''urban settlement'
'' (town), while other suburbs are mostly considered to be '
''rural (village).
Ledinci
Ledinci ( sr-cyr, Лединци) also known as Novi Ledinci ( sr-cyr, Нови Лединци) is a suburban settlement located in the Petrovaradin municipality, one of two municipalities of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. It is situated in the Aut ...
,
Stari Ledinci
Stari Ledinci ( sr-cyrl, Стари Лединци) also known simply as Ledinci ( sr-cyr, Лединци) is a suburban settlement of Petrovaradin, Novi Sad, Serbia. The population of Stari Ledinci numbered 823 people in the 2002 census. Most o ...
and
Bukovac are all villages located on
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
’s slopes, with the last two having only one paved road.
Stari Ledinci
Stari Ledinci ( sr-cyrl, Стари Лединци) also known simply as Ledinci ( sr-cyr, Лединци) is a suburban settlement of Petrovaradin, Novi Sad, Serbia. The population of Stari Ledinci numbered 823 people in the 2002 census. Most o ...
is the most isolated and least populated village belonging to Novi Sad's suburban areas.
Towns and villages in the adjacent municipalities of
Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci ( sr-cyrl, Сремски Карловци, ; hu, Karlóca; tr, Karlofça) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated on the banks of the Danub ...
,
Temerin
Temerin ( sr-Cyrl, Темерин; hu, Temerin, ) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina in Serbia. The town has a population of 19,613, while the municipality has a population of ...
and
Beočin
Beočin ( sr-cyr, Беочин, ; hu, Belcsény) is a town and municipality located in the South Bačka District of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The population of the town is 7,839, whilst Beočin's municipality population is 15, ...
share the same public transportation system and are economically tied to Novi Sad.
Demographics
Novi Sad is the second largest city in Serbia (after
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
), and the largest city in
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
. Since its founding, the population of the city has been constantly increasing. According to the 1991 census, 56.2% of the people who came to Novi Sad from 1961 to 1991 were from Vojvodina, while 15.3% came from
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...
and 11.7% from rest of Serbia.
In the 1990s and 2000s, the city experienced significant population growth. According to the 2011 census,
the city's population is 231,798, while in its urban area (including adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica) there are 277,522 inhabitants. Novi Sad's administrative city limits hold 341,625 inhabitants.
Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition in the city administrative area (last three censuses):
All of the inhabited places in the municipalities have an ethnic Serb majority, while the village of
Kisač
Kisač ( sr-cyr, Кисач; Slovak: Kysáč) is a suburban settlement of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. The settlement has a Slovak ethnic majority.
Name
In Serbian and Croatian the village is known as ''Kisač'' (Кисач); in Slovak as ...
has an ethnic Slovak majority.
Religion
According to the 2011 census, the population of the administrative area of Novi Sad (comprising both municipalities) included 270,831
Orthodox Christians
Orthodoxy (from Greek: ) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
Orthodoxy within Christianity refers to acceptance of the doctrines defined by various creeds and ecumenical councils in Antiquity, but different Churc ...
, 21,530
Catholics
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...
, 8,499
Protestants
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that follows the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began seeking to reform the Catholic Church from within in the 16th century against what its followers perceived to b ...
, 4,760
Muslims
Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abraha ...
, 84 Jews, and others. The city is the seat of the
Serbian Orthodox
The Serbian Orthodox Church ( sr-Cyrl, Српска православна црква, Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous (ecclesiastically independent) Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.
The majority of the population in ...
Eparchy of Bačka
The Eparchy of Bačka ( sr, Бачка епархија, Bačka eparhija) is an ecclesiastical territory or eparchy of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the Bačka region, Serbia. It is situated in the autonomous province of Vojvodina and the seat of ...
, the seat of the Bishop of the
Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia
The Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia (Slovak: Slovenská evanjelická augsburského vyznania cirkev v Srbsku, abbreviated SEAVC) is a Lutheranism, Lutheran church in Serbia.
This, the largest Protestant church in form ...
and of the
Muftiship of Novi Sad of the Islamic Community in Serbia.
Culture
In the 19th and early 20th century, Novi Sad was the capital of
Serbian culture
Serbian culture is a term that encompasses the artistic, culinary, literary, musical, political and social elements that are representative of Serbs and Serbia.
History
The Byzantine Empire had a great influence on Serbian culture as it i ...
, earning it the nickname ''Serbian Athens''. During that time, almost every Serbian novelist, poet, jurist, and publisher had lived or worked in Novi Sad at some point in their career. Some of these cultural workers included
Vuk Stefanović Karadžić,
Mika Antić,
Đura Jakšić
Georgije "Đura" Jakšić ( sr-Cyrl, Георгије Ђура Јакшић; 27 July 1832 – 16 November 1878) was a Serbian poet, painter, writer, dramatist and bohemian.
Biography
Đura Jakšić was born as Georgije Jakšić in Srpska Crnja, ...
and
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj
Jovan Jovanović Zmaj ( sr-cyr, Јован Јовановић Змаj, pronounced ; 24 November 1833 – 1 June 1904) was a Serbian poet.
Jovanović worked as a physician; he wrote in many poetry genres, including love, lyric, patriotic, poli ...
, among others.
Matica srpska
The Matica srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Матица српска, Matica srpska, la, Matrix Serbica, grc, Μάτιτσα Σρπσκα) is the oldest Serbian language independent, non-profit, non-governmental and cultural-scientific Serbian national inst ...
, the oldest cultural-scientific institution in Serbia, was moved from
Budapest
Budapest (, ; ) is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the ninth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the Danube river; the city has an estimated population ...
to Novi Sad in 1864, and now contains the second-largest library in the country, the Library of Matica srpska, with over 3.5 million volumes. The
Serbian National Theatre
The Serbian National Theatre ( sr, Српско народно позориште, Srpsko narodno pozorište), located in Novi Sad, is one of the major theatres of Serbia.
History
The current building of the theatre was opened in March 1981. The ...
, the oldest professional theatre among the
South Slavs
South Slavs are Slavic peoples who speak South Slavic languages and inhabit a contiguous region of Southeast Europe comprising the eastern Alps and the Balkan Peninsula. Geographically separated from the West Slavs and East Slavs by Austria, Hu ...
, was founded in Novi Sad in 1861.
Today, Novi Sad is the second largest cultural centre in
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
, after
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
. Municipal officials have made the city more attractive with numerous cultural events and music concerts. Since 2000, Novi Sad is home to the
EXIT festival, one of the biggest music summer festivals in Europe. Other important cultural events include the
Sterijino pozorje
Sterijino pozorje ( sr-cyr, Стеријино позорје) is an annual theater festival held since 1956 in the Serbian National Theater in Novi Sad, featuring the national theaters of Serbia and previously Yugoslavia. It is the most prestigiou ...
theatre festival,
Zmaj Children Games
Zmaj Children Games ( sr, Змајеве дечије игре / ''Zmajeve dečije igre'') is one of the biggest festivals for children in Serbia and the Novi Sad region. Named after Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, one of the most famous Serbian poets and w ...
,
International Novi Sad Literature Festival
The International Novi Sad Literature Festival (Serbian: Međunarodni književni festival) is a literary festival held annually in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. It was founded by the Association of Writers of Vojvodina ( Serbian: Društvo književ ...
,
Novi Sad Jazz Festival
Novi Sad Jazz Festival (Serbian Cyrillic: Новосадски Џез фестивал or ''Novosadski jazz festival'') is an annual jazz festival in Novi Sad, Serbia. It is organized by the Novi Sad Cultural Centre. The festival was first held in ...
, and many others. Novi Sad also hosts a fashion show twice a year, attracting local and international designers. Called
Serbia Fashion Week
Serbia Fashion Week is a fashion show held twice a year in Novi Sad, Serbia. Occurring in April and November, the event attracts local and international fashion designers, such as Thierry Mugler and Anna Fendi. In addition to runway shows, semina ...
, the event also features the works of applied artists, musicians, interior decorators, multimedia experts and architects.
In addition to the
Serbian National Theatre
The Serbian National Theatre ( sr, Српско народно позориште, Srpsko narodno pozorište), located in Novi Sad, is one of the major theatres of Serbia.
History
The current building of the theatre was opened in March 1981. The ...
, other prominent playhouses consist of the
Novi Sad Theatre
The Novi Sad Theatre ( sr-Cyrl-Latn, Новосадско позориште, Novosadsko pozorište; hu, Újvidéki Színház) is a small Hungarian language theatre in Serbia. It is located in the Rotkvarija neighborhood, near city centre on Jo ...
,
Youth Theatre Youth Theatre or Youth Theater may refer to:
Generic
*Theatre for Early Years
*Theatre for Young Audiences
*Young Spectator's Theatre
Australia
*Perth Youth Theatre
* Platform Youth Theatre
* Track Youth Theatre
* Victorian Youth Theatre
Unit ...
, and the Cultural Centre of Novi Sad. The
Novi Sad Synagogue
Novi Sad Synagogue ( sr, Новосадска синагога or ) is one of many cultural institutions in Novi Sad, Serbia, in the capital of Serbian the province of Vojvodina. Located on Jevrejska (Jewish) Street, in the city center, the synag ...
also houses many cultural events. Other
cultural institutions
A cultural institution or cultural organization is an organization within a culture/subculture that works for the preservation or promotion of culture. The term is especially used of public and charitable organizations, but its range of meaning can ...
include the Detachment of the Serbian Academy of Science and Art, Library of Matica Srpska, Novi Sad City Library and
Azbukum Azbukum is a centre for Serbian language and culture founded in 1995. It offers various courses and programs aimed at promoting the language and culture of the Serbs, such as courses in Serbian, Ethno Camps, and Caravans through Serbia. It operates ...
. The city is also home to the Archive of Vojvodina, which has collected numerous documents from the
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
region dating back to 1565.
Novi Sad has several folk song societies, which are known as ''kulturno-umetničko društvo'' or KUD. The best known societies in the city are: KUD Svetozar Marković, AKUD Sonja Marinković, SKUD Željezničar, FA Vila and the oldest SZPD
Neven, established in 1892.
National minorities express their own traditions, folklore and songs through various societies such as the Hungarian MKUD Petőfi Sándor, Slovak SKUD Pavel Jozef Šafárik, and Ruthenian RKC Novi Sad.
Novi Sad was chosen to be the
European Capital of Culture for 2021, however its mandate was moved to 2022 due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
.
Cuisine
Typical
Serbian food
Serbian cuisine ( sr, српска кухиња / srpska kuhinja) is a Balkan cuisine that consists of the culinary methods and traditions of Serbia. Its roots lie in Serbian history, including centuries of cultural contact and influence with t ...
can be found in Novi Sad, including traditional dishes like
ćevapi
Ćevapi (, ), ćevapčići (formal: diminutive; , ) is a grilled dish of minced meat found traditionally in the countries of southeast Europe (the Balkans). It is considered a national dish of Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is also common ...
,
burek,
kajmak
Kaymak, sarshir, or qashta/ashta ( fa, سَرشیر ) ( ar, قشطة or ar, قيمر ) is a creamy dairy food similar to clotted cream, made from the milk of water buffalo, cows, sheep, or goats in Central Asia, some Balkan countries, some ...
,
kiseli kupus,
kifli
Kifli, kiflice, kifle or kipferl is a traditional yeast bread roll that is rolled and formed into a crescent before baking.
It is a common type of bread roll throughout much of central Europe and nearby countries, where it is called by different ...
ce and
pasulj
Pasulj (from ''phaseolus''; ), grah () or grav () is a bean stew made of usually white, cranberry or pinto beans, and more rarely kidney beans that is a popular dish in Balkan cuisine. It is normally prepared with meat, particularly smoked meat su ...
, as well as fish dishes, local cheeses and charcuterie.
Restaurants and farmsteads offer fresh produce from local farmers and also
regional vintages from
Fruska Gora's wineries.
Modern alternatives are available at some of the city's top restaurants, which prepare traditional fare with an updated twist. Pastry shops serve local specialties such as layered cakes made from ground nuts and cream, referred to as 'torta' in Serbian. Desserts also often include raspberries, one of the region's largest exports, and historic Dunavska Street is home to many ice cream parlors.
Museums
The city has several museums and galleries, both public and privately owned. The best known institution in the city is the
Museum of Vojvodina
The Museum of Vojvodina ( sr-cyr, Музеј Војводине) is an art and natural history museum in Novi Sad, Serbia. The museum houses a collection of over 400,000 specimens and a library of over 50,000 volumes.
Notable paintings
Among other ...
, founded in 1847, which houses a permanent collection of
Serbian culture
Serbian culture is a term that encompasses the artistic, culinary, literary, musical, political and social elements that are representative of Serbs and Serbia.
History
The Byzantine Empire had a great influence on Serbian culture as it i ...
and life in
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
since ancient times. The Museum of Novi Sad, located in the
Petrovaradin Fortress
Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; hu, Péterváradi vár), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of Novi Sad ...
, has a permanent collection featuring the history of the old fortress.
The
Gallery of Matica Srpska
The Gallery of Matica Srpska ( sr, Galerija Matice Srpske, italics=yes, sr-Cyrl, Галерија Матице Српске) is one of the largest and oldest galleries in Serbia. It is located in the central zone of Novi Sad, next to Pavle Beljans ...
is the largest and most respected exhibition space in the city, with two galleries in the city centre. Other museums include
The Gallery of Fine Arts – Gift Collection of Rajko Mamuzić
The Gallery of Fine Arts – Gift Collection of Rajko Mamuzić, which represents a modern museum-gallery type of institution, was founded in 1972 and opened to the public in 1974. It is located in Novi Sad, Serbia, in a building built according to ...
and
The Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection
The Pavle Beljanski Memorial Collection ( sr, Спомен-збирка Павла Бељанског, ''Spomen-zbirka Pavla Beljanskog'') is a public art museum in Novi Sad, Serbia. It displays paintings and sculptures by 20th century Serbian an ...
, featuring one of the most extensive collections of
Serbian art
Serbian art refers to the visual arts of the Serbs and their nation-state Serbia. The medieval heritage includes Byzantine art, preserved in architecture, frescos and icons of the many Serbian Orthodox monasteries. In the Early modern period, Se ...
from the 1900s until the 1970s.
Tourism
Since 2000, the number of tourists visiting Novi Sad each year has steadily risen. During the annual
EXIT music festival in July, the city is full of young people from all over Europe. In 2017, over 200,000 visitors from 60 countries came to the festival, attending about 35 concerts. Other events include shows and congresses organized by
Novi Sad Fair
Novi Sad Fair ( sr, Новосадски сајам, Novosadski sajam) is an event management company located in Novi Sad, Serbia, which organizes one of the largest agricultural fairs in Southeast Europe. Taking place every May in Novi Sad, it ...
, a local management company, bringing in many businesspersons and entrepreneurs to the city. Every May, Novi Sad is home to the largest
agricultural show
An agricultural show is a public event exhibiting the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with agriculture and animal husbandry. The largest comprise a livestock show (a judged event or display in which selective breeding, breed ...
in the region, having attracted 600,000 attendees in 2005. The tourist port, near
Varadin Bridge
Varadin Bridge () is a bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Serbia. The bridge was built in 2000, after the previous bridge (Marshal Tito Bridge, renamed Varadin Bridge in 1991) at this location was destroyed during NATO bombardment on 1 April ...
in the city centre, welcomes cruise boats from across Europe that travel the Danube river.
The most recognized structure in Novi Sad is the
Petrovaradin Fortress
Petrovaradin Fortress ( sr, Петроварадинска тврђава, Petrovaradinska tvrđava, ; hu, Péterváradi vár), nicknamed "Gibraltar on/of the Danube", is a fortress in the town of Petrovaradin, itself part of the City of Novi Sad ...
, which dominates the skyline and also offers scenic views of the city. The nearby historic neighbourhood of
Stari Grad has many monuments, museums, cafes, restaurants and shops. Also in the vicinity, is the
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
National Park, approximately from the city centre.
Economy
Novi Sad is the economic centre of
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
, the most fertile agricultural region in
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
. The city also represents one of the largest economic and cultural hubs in Serbia.
Novi Sad had always been a developed city within the former
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
. In 1981, its GDP per capita was 172% of the Yugoslav average. During the 1990s, the city, like the rest of Serbia, was severely affected by an internationally imposed
trade embargo
Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted self-governing state, group, or individual. Economic sanctions are not necessarily imposed because of economic circumstances—they may ...
and hyperinflation of the
Yugoslav dinar
The dinar (Cyrillic script: динар) was the currency of the three Yugoslav states: the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (formerly the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, and the Federal Republic of Yu ...
. The embargo, along with economic mismanagement, led to a decay or demise of once important industrial combines, such as ''Novkabel'' (electric cable industry), ''Pobeda'' (metal industry), ''Jugoalat'' (tools), ''Albus'' and ''HINS'' (chemical industry). Practically the only viable large facilities remaining today are the oil refinery, located northeast of the town, and the
thermal power plant
A thermal power station is a type of power station in which heat energy is converted to electrical energy. In a steam-generating cycle heat is used to boil water in a large pressure vessel to produce high-pressure steam, which drives a stea ...
.
The economy of Novi Sad has mostly recovered from that period and grown strongly since 2001, shifting from an industry-driven economy to the
tertiary sector
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...
. The processes involved in
privatizing
Privatization (also privatisation in British English) can mean several different things, most commonly referring to moving something from the public sector into the private sector. It is also sometimes used as a synonym for deregulation when ...
state and society-owned enterprises, as well as strong private incentives, have increased the share of privately owned companies to over 95% in the district, with small and medium-size enterprises dominating the city's
economic development
In the economics study of the public sector, economic and social development is the process by which the economic well-being and quality of life of a nation, region, local community, or an individual are improved according to targeted goals and o ...
.
The significance of Novi Sad as a financial centre is already proven, by being home to the national headquarters of numerous banks, such as
Erste Bank
Erste Group Bank AG (Erste Group) is an Austrian financial service provider in Central and Eastern Europe serving 15.7 million clients in over 2,700 branches in seven countries.
History
Erste Group was founded in October 1819 as ''Erste öster ...
,
Vojvođanska banka
Vojvođanska banka a.d. Novi Sad, commonly just Vojvođanska banka was a bank based in Novi Sad, Serbia. It was a universal bank, with functions of commercial and investment banking. In December 2017, it became a member of OTP Bank Group and mer ...
, and
Crédit Agricole
Crédit Agricole Group (), sometimes called La banque verte ( en, The green bank) due to its historical ties to farming, is a French international banking group and the world's largest cooperative financial institution. It is France's second lar ...
; as well as the third largest insurance company in Serbia,
DDOR Novi Sad
DDOR Novi Sad ( sr-cyr, ДДОР Нови Сад) is a Serbian insurance company based in Novi Sad, Serbia. It is the third largest insurance company in Serbia, offering auto, home, commercial and life insurance.
History
In 1945, the government ...
. Furthermore, the city is home to major energy companies like
Naftna Industrija Srbije
Naftna Industrija Srbije ( sr, Нафтна Индустрија Србије, lit=Petroleum Industry of Serbia; abbr. NIS / НИС) is a Serbian multinational oil and gas company with headquarters in NIS building, Novi Sad, Serbia. NIS is one of ...
oil company and
Srbijagas
Srbijagas (full legal name: '' J.P. Srbijagas'') is the state-owned natural gas provider in Serbia with headquarters in Novi Sad.
History
Srbijagas was established on 1 October 2005 as a result of restructuring the integrated petroleum company NI ...
gas company. It is also the seat of the wheat
market
Market is a term used to describe concepts such as:
*Market (economics), system in which parties engage in transactions according to supply and demand
*Market economy
*Marketplace, a physical marketplace or public market
Geography
*Märket, an ...
.
Novi Sad is also a growing information technology centre within Serbia, second only to
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
. As of September 2017, Novi Sad has one of 14
free economic zone
Free economic zones (FEZ), free economic territories (FETs) or free zones (FZ) are a class of special economic zone (SEZ) designated by the trade and commerce administrations of various countries. The term is used to designate areas in which co ...
s established in Serbia.
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):
Politics
Novi Sad is the administrative centre of the
of
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
, and as such, home to Vojvodina's
Government
A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state.
In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...
and
Provincial Assembly
Provincial may refer to:
Government & Administration
* Provincial capitals, an administrative sub-national capital of a country
* Provincial city (disambiguation)
* Provincial minister (disambiguation)
* Provincial Secretary, a position in Can ...
.
The city's administrative bodies include the city
assembly
Assembly may refer to:
Organisations and meetings
* Deliberative assembly, a gathering of members who use parliamentary procedure for making decisions
* General assembly, an official meeting of the members of an organization or of their representa ...
as the representative body, as well as the mayor and
city government
Local government is a generic term for the lowest tiers of public administration within a particular sovereign state. This particular usage of the word government refers specifically to a level of administration that is both geographically-loca ...
defining the executive bodies. The mayor and city assembly members are chosen through direct elections. The city assembly has 78 seats, while the city government consists of 11 members. The mayor and members of the city's assembly are elected to four-year terms. The city government is elected by the city assembly at the proposal of the mayor.
As of 2022, the mayor of Novi Sad is
Milan Đurić
Milan Đurić (; born 22 May 1990) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Serie A club Hellas Verona.
Đurić started his professional career at Cesena, before joining Parma in 2010. Later that year, he was loaned to A ...
of the
Serbian Progressive Party
The Serbian Progressive Party ( sr-cyrl, Српска напредна странка, Srpska napredna stranka, SNS) has been the ruling political party of Serbia since 2012.
Founded by Tomislav Nikolić and Aleksandar Vučić in 2008 as a s ...
. While his party holds the majority of seats in the city assembly, the
Socialist Party of Serbia
The Socialist Party of Serbia ( sr, Социјалистичка партија Србије, Socijalistička partija Srbije, SPS) is a political party in Serbia. It is led by Ivica Dačić.
It was founded in 1990 as the direct successor to t ...
, the
Democratic Party of Serbia
The New Democratic Party of Serbia ( sr, Нова демократска странка Србије, Nova demokratska stranka Srbije, , NDSS or New DSS) is a national-conservative political party in Serbia.
Initially known and formed as Democ ...
, as well as other parties and groups, are also represented.
The city of Novi Sad is divided into 47
local communities
A local community has been defined as a group of interacting people living in a common location. The word is often used to refer to a group that is organized around common values and is attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical l ...
within two city municipalities, Novi Sad and
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin ( sr-cyr, Петроварадин, ) is a historic town in the Serbian province of Vojvodina, now a part of the city of Novi Sad. As of 2011, the urban area has 14,810 inhabitants. Lying on the right bank of the Danube, across from t ...
, which are separated by the Danube river.
;City holidays
The city commemorates the year 1694, when it was established.
;Coat of arms
The design consists of three white towers placed in the centre, set against a blue sky. A white dove holding an olive branch flies above the larger middle tower. All three structures have rooftops with crenallations, as well as opened windows and closed gates. Below the towers lies a green background, with a wavy white line depicting the
Danube River
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
.
Society
Education
Novi Sad is one of the most important centres of higher education and research in Serbia, with four universities overall and numerous professional, technical, and private colleges and
research institute
A research institute, research centre, research center or research organization, is an establishment founded for doing research. Research institutes may specialize in basic research or may be oriented to applied research. Although the term often i ...
s, including a law school with its own publication. The largest educational institution in the city is the
University of Novi Sad
The University of Novi Sad ( sr, Универзитет у Новом Саду, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu; hu, Újvidéki Egyetem) is a List of universities in Serbia, public university in Novi Sad, Serbia. Alongside nationally prestigious Unive ...
, a public school established in 1960. , it has 14 faculties, 9 of which are located on the main
university campus
A campus is traditionally the land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. Usually a college campus includes libraries, lecture halls, residence halls, student centers or dining halls, and park-like se ...
.
It is attended by more than 50,000 students and has total staff of nearly 5,000.
Business Academy University and Educons University are private schools also located in the city. Other educational institutions include
Novi Sad Open University
Novi Sad Open University, also known as NOU, was a center offering many courses. It was located in Novi Sad, Serbia. Currently, NOU is an children's cultural center.
History
Novi Sad Open University (originally the "Radivoj Cirpanov" Labor Univ ...
, offering professional courses in
adult education
Adult education, distinct from child education, is a practice in which adults engage in systematic and sustained self-educating activities in order to gain new forms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values. Merriam, Sharan B. & Brockett, Ralp ...
, and the
Protestant Theological Seminary.
Regarding primary and secondary education, there are 36 elementary schools (33 regular and 3 special) with about 26,000 students.
The
secondary school
A secondary school describes an institution that provides secondary education and also usually includes the building where this takes place. Some secondary schools provide both '' secondary education, lower secondary education'' (ages 11 to 14) ...
system consists of 11 vocational schools and 4
gymnasiums
A gymnasium, also known as a gym, is an indoor location for athletics. The word is derived from the ancient Greek term " gymnasium". They are commonly found in athletic and fitness centres, and as activity and learning spaces in educational ins ...
with almost 18,000 students.
Media
Novi Sad has one major daily newspaper, ''
Dnevnik Dnevnik means "The Daily" or "Daily News" in South Slavic languages. It can also be translated as "Diary".
Closely related Slavic variants of the word are Deník (Czech) Dziennik (Polish) and Дневник (Russian).
It may refer to:
;In broadc ...
'', and among the periodicals, the monthly magazine ''
Vojvodjanski magazin'' stands out. The city also houses the headquarters of regional public broadcaster, ''
Radio Television of Vojvodina
Radio is the technology of signaling and telecommunication, communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device ...
(RTV)'', and municipal public broadcaster, ''Novosadska televizija'', as well as a few commercial TV stations such as ''Kanal 9'', ''Panonija'' and ''RTV Most''. Major local commercial radio stations include ''
Radio AS
Radio is the technology of signaling and telecommunication, communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device ...
FM'' and ''
Radio 021
Radio is the technology of signaling and communicating using radio waves. Radio waves are electromagnetic waves of frequency between 30 hertz (Hz) and 300 gigahertz (GHz). They are generated by an electronic device called a transmitt ...
''.
Novi Sad is also known for being a publishing centre. The most important publishing houses are ''Matica srpska'', ''Stilos'' and ''Prometej''. Well-known journals, in literature and art, include ''
Letopis Matice srpske
The Matica srpska ( sr-Cyrl, Матица српска, Matica srpska, la, Matrix Serbica, grc, Μάτιτσα Σρπσκα) is the oldest Serbian language independent, non-profit, non-governmental and cultural-scientific Serbian national inst ...
'', the oldest Serbian Journal, ''Polja'', which is issued by the
Cultural centre of Novi Sad
The Cultural Center of Novi Sad (, ') is a cultural institution of Novi Sad, which organizes exhibitions, literary programs, workshops, art cinema programs, etc.; the biggest events are Novi Sad Jazz Festival , International Festival of Alternativ ...
, and ''Zlatna greda'', published by the Association of Writers of Vojvodina.
The city hosts an annual literature conference,
Book Talk A book talk (or booktalk) is what is spoken with the intent to convince someone to read a book. Booktalks are traditionally conducted in a classroom setting for students; however, booktalks can be performed outside a school setting and with a varie ...
.
Sports
Founded in 1790, the ''
'City Marksmen Association became the first sporting organization in Novi Sad. A more widespread interest in competitive sports developed after the ''Municipal Association of Physical Culture'' was created in 1959 and when the
Spens Sports centre was built in 1981. Today, about 220 sports organizations are active in Novi Sad.
Professional sports in Novi Sad mostly revolve around the
Vojvodina
Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Војводина}), officially the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, is an autonomous province that occupies the northernmost part of Serbia. It lies within the Pannonian Basin, bordered to the south by the national capital ...
multi-sport association. Having won two championships in 1966 and 1989, the
FK Vojvodina
Fudbalski klub Vojvodina ( sr-Cyrl, Фудбалски клуб Војводина), commonly known as Vojvodina and colloquially as Voša ( sr-Cyrl, Воша), is a Serbian professional football club based in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, the second la ...
football club represents the 3rd all-time best team in Serbia, right behind its two Belgrade rivals,
Red Star
A red star, five-pointed and filled, is a symbol that has often historically been associated with communist ideology, particularly in combination with the hammer and sickle, but is also used as a purely socialist symbol in the 21st century. I ...
and
Partizan Partizan may refer to:
Sport
* JSD Partizan, a sports society from Belgrade, Serbia, which includes the following clubs:
**AK Partizan, athletics
** Biciklistički Klub Partizan, cycling
** Džudo Klub Partizan, judo
**FK Partizan, association fo ...
. With 13 championship titles,
OK Vojvodina
Odbojkaški klub Vojvodina ( en, Volleyball Club Vojvodina) is a professional volleyball team based in Novi Sad, Serbia. It plays in the Wiener Städtische League.
Honours and achievements
National Championships – 19
* Champion of Yugoslavia ...
is the top volleyball team in the country. As for handball,
RK Vojvodina
RK Vojvodina () is a Serbian handball club based in Novi Sad. They compete in the Serbian Handball Super League.
History
Founded in 1948, the club won the Serbia and Montenegro Handball Super League and Serbia and Montenegro Handball Cup in ...
has won the national championship on multiple occasions.
Athletes from Novi Sad had the honour of participating in the first
Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (french: link=no, Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a var ...
in Athens. The largest number of Novi Sad competitors, to participate in the Olympics, was at the
Atlanta Games
The 1996 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXVI Olympiad, also known as Atlanta 1996 and commonly referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games) were an international multi-sport event held from July 19 to August 4, 1996, in Atlanta, ...
. Eleven athletes won 6 medals there. Three also competed at the 1980
Moscow Games, while two participated in the 1976
Montreal Games and the 1956
Melbourne Games.
Many national and international competitions are held in the city. Novi Sad played host to the European and World Championships in
table tennis
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong and whiff-whaff, is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball, also known as the ping-pong ball, back and forth across a table using small solid rackets. It takes place on a hard table div ...
in 1981
and the
29th Chess Olympiad
The 29th Chess Olympiad ( sr, 29. Шаховска олимпијада, ''29. Šahovska olimpijada''), organized by Fédération Internationale des Échecs, FIDE and comprising an openAlthough commonly referred to as the ''men's division'', this ...
in 1990. It also welcomed the European and World Championships in
sambo
, aka = Sombo (in English-speaking countries)
, focus = Hybrid
, country = Soviet Union
, pioneers = Viktor Spiridonov, Vasili Oshchepkov, Anatoly Kharlampiev
, famous_pract = List of Practitioners
, oly ...
, the Balkan and European Championships in
judo
is an unarmed gendai budō, modern Japanese martial art, Olympic sport (since 1964), and the most prominent form of jacket wrestling competed internationally.『日本大百科全書』電子版【柔道】(CD-ROM version of Encyclopedia Nipponi ...
, the 1987 final match of the
Saporta Cup
The FIBA Saporta Cup was the name of the second-tier level European-wide professional club basketball competition, where the domestic National Cup winners, from all over Europe, played against each other. The competition was organized by FIBA E ...
in European basketball,
and the final tournament of the European volleyball cup.
Furthermore, Novi Sad co-hosted the
2005 European Basketball Championship, as well as hosting the 2017
Volleyball World League
The FIVB Volleyball World League was an annual international men's volleyball competition. Created in 1990, it was the longest and richest of all the international events organized by the Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB). The wom ...
matches.
[https://wkf.net/imagenes/campeonatos/ekf-senior-boletin-53rd-ekf-senior-championships-novi-sad-serbia-may-10-13-001.pdf ] The year 2018 saw the city welcome the Senior European Fencing Championships and the European Senior Karate Championships.
The city also holds traditional sporting events such as the Novi Sad marathon, international swimming competitions and many other events. The very first 'MTB Petrovaradin Fortress Cup' took place in 2018, allowing national and regional cyclists to compete. It is also the first mountain bike competition to be held in Serbia.
Recreation
Novi Sad's inhabitants engage in a wide range of recreational and leisure activities. With regards to
team sport
A team sport includes any sport where individuals are organized into opposing sports team, teams which compete to win or cooperate to entertain their audience. Team members act together towards a shared objective. This can be done in a numb ...
s,
football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
and
basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appr ...
have the highest numbers of participants. Cycling is also popular due to the city's flat terrain and the extensive off-road network, found in nearby mountainous
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
. Hundreds of commuters cycle the roads,
bike lanes and bike paths daily.
Proximity to the
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
National Park attracts many city dwellers on the weekends. They enjoy the numerous hiking trails, restaurants and monasteries located in and around the mountain area. Occurring on the first weekend of every May, the ''
Fruška Gora Marathon'' lets hikers, runners and cyclists take advantage of the many hiking trails. During the summer months, citizens from Novi Sad visit
Lake Ledinci
Lake Ledinci ( sr, Лединачко језеро, Ledinačko jezero) is a small artificial lake on the mountain of Fruška Gora in Serbia, near the city of Novi Sad.
The lake was created during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999, when pumps ...
in Fruška Gora, as well as the numerous beaches situated along the
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
, the largest being
Štrand
Štrand ( sr-cyr, Штранд) is a popular beach on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is located near the Liberty Bridge, in the city quarter known as Liman.
History
Štrand was built back in 1911, as a beach for local peop ...
in the
Liman neighbourhood. There are also several recreational marinas bordering the river.
Transportation
;Air transport
Novi Sad currently does not have its own civil airport. The city is about a one-hour drive from
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport ( sr, / ) or Belgrade Airport ( sr, / ) is an international airport serving Belgrade, Serbia. It is the largest and the busiest airport in Serbia, situated west of downtown Belgrade near the suburb of Surč ...
, which connects it with capitals across Europe. Small
Čenej Airport
Novi Sad Airfield ( sr, Аеродром Нови Сад / ''Aerodrom Novi Sad'') , also known as Čenej Airfield ( sr, Аеродром Ченеј / ''Aerodrom Čenej''), is located near the village of Čenej in Vojvodina, Serbia.
The site is m ...
north of the city is used for sport and agricultural purposes. There are plans to upgrade it to serve for cargo and small-scale public transport, but the future of this initiative is uncertain.
;City transport
The main public transportation system in Novi Sad consists of bus lines, operated by public company
JGSP Novi Sad
JGSP Novi Sad (full legal name: ''Javno Gradsko Saobraćajno Preduzeće Novi Sad'') is a public transit company for the city of Novi Sad.
History
The company was founded on 3 August 1946 by order of the city, although the first modern tram line i ...
. There are twenty-one urban lines and twenty-nine suburban lines, with main bus station at the northern end of the
Liberation Boulevard, next to the
Novi Sad railway station
Novi may refer to the following :
Places and jurisdictions
Balkans
* Novi Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Novi Sad, a city in Serbia
* the former Catholic Diocese of Novi, with see at Herceg-Novi (Castelnuovo), in Montenegro; now a Latin titu ...
. In addition, there are numerous taxi companies serving the city.
The city used to have
a tram system, but it was disassembled in 1957.
Rail and road transport
Novi Sad lies on the branch B of the
Pan-European Corridor X. The
A1 motorway
A1, A-1, A01 or A.1. may refer to:
Education
* A1, the Basic Language Certificate of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
* Language A1, the former name for "Language A: literature", one of the IB Group 1 subjects
* A1, a ...
connects the city with
Subotica
Subotica ( sr-cyrl, Суботица, ; hu, Szabadka) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region, ...
to the north and the capital city of
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
to the south. It is concurrent with
Budapest–Belgrade railroad, which connects it to major European cities. Starting from 18.3.2022. year there is a high-speed line between Novi Sad and Belgrade with 18 departures every day. The maximum speed is 200 km/h (train called "SOKO") and the distance from Belgrade to Novi Sad is covered in 36 minutes (75 kilometers). Novi Sad is connected with
Zrenjanin
Zrenjanin ( sr-Cyrl, Зрењанин, ; hu, Nagybecskerek; ro, Becicherecu Mare; sk, Zreňanin; german: Großbetschkerek) is a List of cities in Serbia, city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous pro ...
and
Timișoara
), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor)
, image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg
, map_caption = Location in Timiș County
, pushpin_map = Romania#Europe
, pushpin_ ...
on the northeast and
Ruma
Ruma (; hu, Árpatarló) is a town and municipality in the Srem District of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011, the town has a population of 30,076, while the municipality has a population of 54,339.
History
Traces of orga ...
on south with a regional highway; there are long-term plans to upgrade it to a motorway or an expressway, with a tunnel under the
Fruška Gora
Fruška gora ( sr-Cyrl, Фрушка гора; hu, Tarcal-hegység) is a mountain in Syrmia, administratively part of Serbia with a part of its western side extending into eastern Croatia. The area under Serbian administration forms the countr ...
shortcutting the ''Iriški Venac'' mountain pass.
Three bridges cross the Danube in Novi Sad (as of 2020): Liberty Bridge (Most Slobode) connects
Sremska Kamenica
Sremska Kamenica (Serbian Cyrillic: ''Сремска Каменица'', ) is a town and urban neighborhood of Novi Sad, in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the town is known as ''Sremska Kamenica'' (Сремска Каменица), in Croatian ...
with the city proper.
Varadin Bridge
Varadin Bridge () is a bridge on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Serbia. The bridge was built in 2000, after the previous bridge (Marshal Tito Bridge, renamed Varadin Bridge in 1991) at this location was destroyed during NATO bombardment on 1 April ...
(Varadinski most) and
Žeželj Bridge
Žeželj Bridge ( sr, Жежељев мост, Žeželjev most) is a tied-arch bridge on Danube river in Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia. The bridge was originally built in 1961, only to be destroyed during the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia. The newl ...
(Žeželjev most), connects Petrovaradin with city centre, and used for railway and heavy truck traffic. The bridges span the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal, running north of the city centre.
;Water transport
The
Port of Novi Sad
The Port of Novi Sad (), officially named DP World Novi Sad, is a cargo and passenger port on the Danube river in Novi Sad, Serbia.
Location
DP World Novi Sad is located in the central part of Vojvodina, the northern province of the Republic of Se ...
is located on the outskirts of the city, on
Danube
The Danube ( ; ) is a river that was once a long-standing frontier of the Roman Empire and today connects 10 European countries, running through their territories or being a border. Originating in Germany, the Danube flows southeast for , pa ...
river. Since may 2019. year it is owned by DP WORLD from UAE. With over million tonnes of load turnover, it is the largest cargo port in Serbia.
International relations
Novi Sad has relationships with several
twin
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.MedicineNet > Definition of TwinLast Editorial Review: 19 June 2000 Twins can be either ''monozygotic'' ('identical'), meaning that they develop from one zygote, which splits and forms two em ...
towns. One of the main streets in its
city centre
A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political, and geographic heart of a city. The term "city centre" is primarily used in British English, and closely equivalent terms exist in other languages, such as "" in Fren ...
is named after
Modena
Modena (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern I ...
in Italy; and likewise Modena has named a park in its town centre Parco di Piazza d'Armi Novi Sad. The
Novi Sad Friendship Bridge
Novi may refer to the following :
Places and jurisdictions
Balkans
* Novi Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Novi Sad, a city in Serbia
* the former Catholic Diocese of Novi, with see at Herceg-Novi (Castelnuovo), in Montenegro; now a Latin titu ...
in
Norwich
Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. Norwich is by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. As the seat of the See of Norwich, with ...
, United Kingdom, by
Buro Happold
Buro Happold (previously ''BuroHappold Engineering'') is a British professional services firm that provides engineering consultancy, design, planning, project management, and consulting services for buildings, infrastructure, and the environment ...
, was also named in honour of Novi Sad. Besides twin cities, Novi Sad has many signed agreements on joint cooperation with other European cities (''see also:
Politics of Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and second largest city in Serbia.
Political history
The city was founded in 1694 and its first names were Ratzen Stadt ( sr-Latn, Racka Varoš) and Peterwardein Schantz ( sr-Latn, Pet ...
'').
Novi Sad is
twinned with:
*
Budva
Budva ( cnr, Будва, or ) is a Montenegrin town on the Adriatic Sea. It has 19,218 inhabitants, and it is the centre of Budva Municipality. The coastal area around Budva, called the Budva riviera, is the center of Montenegrin tourism, kno ...
, Montenegro
*
Changchun
Changchun (, ; ), also romanized as Ch'angch'un, is the capital and largest city of Jilin Province, People's Republic of China. Lying in the center of the Songliao Plain, Changchun is administered as a , comprising 7 districts, 1 county and 3 c ...
, China
*
Dortmund
Dortmund (; Westphalian nds, Düörpm ; la, Tremonia) is the third-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia after Cologne and Düsseldorf, and the eighth-largest city of Germany, with a population of 588,250 inhabitants as of 2021. It is the la ...
, Germany
*
Gomel
Gomel (russian: Гомель, ) or Homiel ( be, Гомель, ) is the administrative centre of Gomel Region and the second-largest city in Belarus with 526,872 inhabitants (2015 census).
Etymology
There are at least six narratives of the ori ...
, Belarus
*
Ilioupoli
Ilioupoli ( el, Ηλιούπολη, "Sun City") is a suburban municipality belongs to Central Athens regional unit and located in the central-southern part of the Athens. Its name is the modern form of the ancient name of Heliopolis in Eg ...
, Greece
*
Kumanovo
Kumanovo ( mk, Куманово ; also known by other #Etymology, alternative names) is a city in North Macedonia and the seat of Kumanovo Municipality, the List of municipalities in the Republic of Macedonia by population, largest municipali ...
, North Macedonia
*
Modena
Modena (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language#Dialects, Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern I ...
, Italy
*
Nizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod ( ; rus, links=no, Нижний Новгород, a=Ru-Nizhny Novgorod.ogg, p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət ), colloquially shortened to Nizhny, from the 13th to the 17th century Novgorod of the Lower Land, formerly known as Gork ...
, Russia
*
Norwich
Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. Norwich is by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. As the seat of the See of Norwich, with ...
, England, United Kingdom
*
Pécs
Pécs ( , ; hr, Pečuh; german: Fünfkirchen, ; also known by other #Name, alternative names) is List of cities and towns of Hungary#Largest cities in Hungary, the fifth largest city in Hungary, on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the countr ...
, Hungary
*
Timișoara
), City of Roses ( ro, Orașul florilor), City of Parks ( ro, Orașul parcurilor)
, image_map = Timisoara jud Timis.svg
, map_caption = Location in Timiș County
, pushpin_map = Romania#Europe
, pushpin_ ...
, Romania
*
Toluca
Toluca , officially Toluca de Lerdo , is the States of Mexico, state capital of the State of Mexico as well as the seat of the Municipality of Toluca. With a population of 910,608 as of the 2020 census, Toluca is the fifth most populous city in M ...
, Mexico
Novi Sad is an associate member of
Eurocities
Eurocities is a network of large cities in Europe, established in 1986 by the mayors of six large cities: Barcelona, Birmingham, Frankfurt, Lyon, Milan and Rotterdam. Today, Eurocities members includes over 200 of Europe's major cities from 38 c ...
.
See also
*
NATO bombing of Novi Sad in 1999
During the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, aerial bombing was carried out against the second largest Yugoslav city of Novi Sad. According to NATO press releases, the bombing targeted oil refineries, roads, bridges, and telecommunications relay ...
*
Clinical centre of Vojvodina
*
Festival of Street Musicians
The Festival of Street Musicians (Serbian: Фестивал уличних свирача / ''Festival uličnih svirača'') is a non-competitive festival, which gathers the street art performers and musicians. It is held annually in early Septembe ...
*
List of places in Serbia
This is the list of populated places in Serbia (excluding Kosovo), as recorded by the 2002 census, sorted alphabetically by municipalities. Settlements denoted as "urban" (towns and cities) are marked bold. Population for every settlement is giv ...
*
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
This is a list of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina, a province of Serbia.
List of largest cities and towns in Vojvodina
List of urban settlements in Vojvodina
List of all urban settlements (cities and towns) in Vojvodina with populati ...
*
List of people from Novi Sad {{Short description, none
This is a list of famous or notable citizens of Novi Sad (included in the list are natives as well as permanent and/or temporary residents).
Arts Architecture
* Greta Ferušić (1924–2022), Bosnian Jewish architect; bo ...
*
Novi Sad Fair
Novi Sad Fair ( sr, Новосадски сајам, Novosadski sajam) is an event management company located in Novi Sad, Serbia, which organizes one of the largest agricultural fairs in Southeast Europe. Taking place every May in Novi Sad, it ...
*
South Bačka District
The South Bačka District ( sr, Јужнобачки округ, Južnobački okrug, ; hu, Dél-bácskai körzet; ) is one of seven administrative districts of the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia. Geographically it lies in the southern ...
References
Bibliography
*Boško Petrović – Živan Milisavac, ''Novi Sad – monografija'', Novi Sad, 1987
*Milorad Grujić, ''Vodič kroz Novi Sad i okolinu'', Novi Sad, 2004
*Jovan Mirosavljević, ''Brevijar ulica Novog Sada 1745–2001'', Novi Sad, 2002
*Jovan Mirosavljević, ''Novi Sad – atlas ulica'', Novi Sad, 1998
*Mirjana Džepina, ''Društveni i zabavni život starih Novosađana'', Novi Sad, 1982
*Zoran Rapajić, ''Novi Sad bez tajni'', Beograd, 2002
*Đorđe Randelj, ''Novi Sad – slobodan grad'', Novi Sad, 1997
*''Enciklopedija Novog Sada'', sveske 1–26, Novi Sad, 1993–2005
*Radenko Gajić, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – Gibraltar na Dunavu'', Novi Sad, 1994
*Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradin kroz legendu i stvarnost'', Novi Sad, 2001
*Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradin i Srem – misterija prošlosti'', Novi Sad, 2003
*Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – podzemlje i nadzemlje'', Novi Sad, 2005
*Veljko Milković, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – kosmički lavirint otkrića'', Novi Sad, 2007
*Agneš Ozer, ''Petrovaradinska tvrđava – vodič kroz vreme i prostor'', Novi Sad, 2002
*Agneš Ozer, ''Petrovaradin fortress – a guide through time and space'', Novi Sad, 2002
*''30 godina mesne zajednice "7. Juli" u Novom Sadu 1974–2004 – monografija'', Novi Sad, 2004
*Branko Ćurčin, ''Slana Bara – nekad i sad'', Novi Sad, 2002
*Branko Ćurčin, ''Novosadsko naselje Šangaj – nekad i sad'', Novi Sad, 2004
*Zvonimir Golubović, ''Racija u Južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine'', Novi Sad, 1991
*Petar Jonović, ''Knjižare Novog Sada 1790–1990'', Novi Sad, 1990
*Petar Jonović – Dr Milan Vranić – Dr Dušan Popov, ''Znameniti knjižari i izdavači Novog Sada'', Novi Sad, 1993
*''Ustav za čitaonicu srpsku u Novom Sadu'', Novi Sad, 1993
*''Sveske za istoriju Novog Sada'', sveske 4–5, Novi Sad, 1993–1994
External links
*
Novi Sad– Official website
City assembly – Official website
{{Authority control
Populated places established in 1694
Populated places in Vojvodina
Places in Bačka
Municipalities and cities of Vojvodina
Populated places on the Danube
Port cities in Serbia
South Bačka District
1694 establishments in Europe