The cinema of
Croatia
, image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg
, image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg
, anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, capit ...
has a somewhat shorter tradition than what is common for other
Central Europe
Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the a ...
an countries: the serious beginning of Croatian cinema starts with the rise of the
Yugoslavian film industry in the 1940s. Three Croatian feature films were nominated for the
Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, several of them gained awards at major festivals, and the Croatian contribution in the field of
animation is particularly important.
History
Early 20th century
Although motion pictures appeared in Croatia relatively early, for most of the early 20th Century film was almost exclusively the domain of a few dedicated amateur enthusiasts, most notably
Josip Karaman in
Split
Split(s) or The Split may refer to:
Places
* Split, Croatia, the largest coastal city in Croatia
* Split Island, Canada, an island in the Hudson Bay
* Split Island, Falkland Islands
* Split Island, Fiji, better known as Hạfliua
Arts, entertai ...
and, later,
Oktavijan Miletić in
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
. In 1906, the first permanent
movie theater was established in Zagreb.
Josip Halla Josip () is a male given name found among Croats and Slovenes, a cognate of Joseph.
In Croatia, the name Josip was the second most common masculine given name in the decades up to 1959, and has stayed among the top ten most common ones throughout 2 ...
produced and directed early documentaries during 1911. and 1912. (Plitvice, Sinjska alka). The first full-length movie was
Brcko u Zagrebu released in 1917, and directed by ''Arsen Maas''. It was followed by ''Matija Gubec'', released in the same year and directed by Aca Binički. Neither of these movies survive to this day.
[ In 1918, ''Croatia film'' produced additional 5 movies all directed by Josip Halla before the proprietor dissolved the company.][
Croatia lacked the political and economic infrastructure to support its own cinema industry. The most serious effort in that direction before ]World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...
was the series of educational films produced by Škola narodnog zdravlja.
World War II
The cinema of Croatia became an institution after the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia ( sh, Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; german: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; it, Stato indipendente di Croazia) was a World War II-era puppet state of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It was established in p ...
(NDH) in 1941. The new Ustaše
The Ustaše (), also known by anglicised versions Ustasha or Ustashe, was a Croatian fascist and ultranationalist organization active, as one organization, between 1929 and 1945, formally known as the Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Move ...
regime quickly realised the need for modern propaganda tools modeled on those of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
and Fascist Italy. After serious lobbying of these two governments for technical advice and resources, the first propaganda films were made in late 1941. Croatian filmmakers like Branko Marjanović produced in 1943 the documentary '' Straža na Drini'' which later won the Golden Lion award at the Venice Film Festival
The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival ( it, Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia, "International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale") is an annual film festival h ...
, attended by Axis power
The Axis powers, ; it, Potenze dell'Asse ; ja, 枢軸国 ''Sūjikukoku'', group=nb originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies. Its principal members were Na ...
countries. After the collapse of NDH in 1945, Tito
Tito may refer to:
People Mononyms
* Josip Broz Tito (1892–1980), commonly known mononymously as Tito, Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman
* Roberto Arias (1918–1989), aka Tito, Panamanian international lawyer, diplomat, and journ ...
's victorious Communists
Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...
also recognised the importance of the film industry and decided to build their own. Many technicians and co-workers of the Ustaše propaganda cinema industry during the war were in fact double agents working for the partisan side, with one main task: to keep the technical facilities untouched upon the collapse of NDH. Therefore, the new regime inherited the technical equipment, and more importantly trained personnel, including directors and top officials. The result of such a policy was the rapid development of the Croatian film industry, although initially under jurisdiction of the federal
Federal or foederal (archaic) may refer to:
Politics
General
*Federal monarchy, a federation of monarchies
*Federation, or ''Federal state'' (federal system), a type of government characterized by both a central (federal) government and states or ...
government in Belgrade.
Early communist period
In 1947 Jadran Film
Jadran Film is a film production studio and distribution company founded in 1946 in Zagreb, Croatia. In the period between the early 1960s and late 1980s Jadran Film was one of the biggest and most notable film studios in Central Europe, with some ...
studios were founded in Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slov ...
.
First Golden Era: Late 1950s
Croatian feature films from the 1950s were not easily distinguishable from those made in the rest of Yugoslavia; this was mainly owing to the free flow of resources, information and talent among the various parts of the country. It had its first serious peak in the late 1950s, when Croatian film were possibly the most mature in then-young Yugoslav film industry. The most important author of that era was Branko Bauer
Branko Bauer (18 February 1921 – 11 April 2002) was a Croatian film director. He is considered to be the leading figure of classical narrative cinema in Croatian and Yugoslav cinema of the 1950s.
Early life
Bauer became interested in cine ...
, a Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterran ...
-born director whose most famous film is the urban war thriller Don't Turn Around Son (Ne okreći se, sine, 1956). Loosely based on Carol Reed
Sir Carol Reed (30 December 1906 – 25 April 1976) was an English film director and producer, best known for '' Odd Man Out'' (1947), '' The Fallen Idol'' (1948), ''The Third Man'' (1949), and ''Oliver!'' (1968), for which he was awarded the ...
's film ''Odd Man Out'', it describes a destiny of a fugitive from an Ustasha camp who comes to Zagreb to find his son, then realizing that the kid is at the Ustaše boarding school, and completely brainwashed. The hero struggles to leave Zagreb with his son, while deluding the son all the way about the goal of their trip. Among other important Bauer films is ''Tri Ane'' (''Three Annas'', 1959), produced in Macedonia, about a father who finds out that his daughter, whom he presumed to have been killed in the war, could be alive and adult person. Bauer's film ''Licem u lice'' (''Face To Face'', 1962) tells the story about a corrupt director of a construction company who confronts a rebel worker during a communist party cell meeting. It is considered the first overtly political film in Yugoslavia. Another notable 1950s' figure is Nikola Tanhofer, former cinematographer and specialist for various action genres. His most famous film is ''H8'' (1958), a reconstruction of a real traffic accident in which several passengers on an intercity bus between Zagreb and Belgrade were killed, and in which the driver of the car who caused the accident escaped. Following in parallel three vehicles and dozens of picturesque scenes, H8 offers a mosaic-like picture of late 1950s society, and its dramaturgy resembles a - then nonexistent - disaster movie genre. In that period, two Croatian films were Academy Award nominees for foreign language film. Both of them were directed by guests from abroad: an Italian Giuseppe De Santis
Giuseppe De Santis (11 February 1917 – 16 May 1997) was an Italian film director. One of the most idealistic Neorealism (art), neorealist filmmakers of the 1940s and 1950s, he wrote and directed films punctuated by ardent cries for social ...
(''Cesta duga godina dana'' - ''A Road One Year Long'', 1958), and a Slovenian France Štiglic
France Štiglic (12 November 1919 – 4 May 1993) was a Slovenian film director and screenwriter. His 1948 film ''On Our Own Land'' was entered into the 1949 Cannes Film Festival. His film '' The Ninth Circle'' (1960) was Yugoslavia's submi ...
(''Deveti krug'' - ''Ninth Circle'', 1960).
Modernism
In the 1960s, Croatian cinema saw changes of style, in part owing to directors embracing modernism. The first modernist film was ''Prometej s otoka Viševice'' (''Prometheus from Island Viševica'', 1965) by former cartoonist Vatroslav Mimica. Using techniques derived from the stream-of consciousness novel, Mimica tells a story about a partisan veteran and communist executive who travels to his native island and faces ghosts of the post-war past. Among other famous modernist classics, the most significant are ''Rondo'' (1965) by Zvonimir Berković, and ''Breza'' (Birch, 1967) by Ante Babaja. The most popular author of that era was Krešo Golik, a director of comedies. Most popular of his films was ''Tko pjeva zlo ne misli
''One Song a Day Takes Mischief Away'' is a 1970 Croatian comedy-drama film. Its original title is ''Tko pjeva zlo ne misli'', which means "He Who Sings Means No Harm". Directed by Krešo Golik and based on a novella by Vjekoslav Majer, the film a ...
'' (''Who Sings Doesn't Mean Wrong'', 1970), a romantic comedy set in 1930s Zagreb. Croatia also participated in the pan-Yugoslav "black wave", although the best authors and films of the black wave were Serbian. Most famous black wave classic from Croatia is ''Lisice'' (''Handcuffs'', 1969, by Krsto Papić
Krsto Papić (7 December 1933 – 7 February 2013) was a Croatian screenwriter and film director whose career spanned over five decades. He is generally considered among the best directors of former Yugoslavia and the only director from Croatia th ...
), a film which is politically relevant because it is Croatia's first cultural product that dealt with the hushed secret of Yugoslav communism: repression against communists who stood by Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretar ...
in famous breakup between Tito and Stalin in 1948.
In 1969, the film ''Battle of Neretva
Case White (german: Fall Weiss), also known as the Fourth Enemy Offensive ( sh, Četvrta neprijateljska ofenziva/ofanziva), was a combined Axis strategic offensive launched against the Yugoslav Partisans throughout occupied Yugoslavia during W ...
'' directed by Veljko Bulajić
Veljko Bulajić (born 22 March 1928) is a Montenegrin film director and UNESCO Kalinga Prize recipient. He has spent the majority of his life working in Croatia and is primarily known for directing World War II-themed movies from the Partisan f ...
was the one of the most expensive foreign language films made in Yugoslavia.
In the early 1970s, following Yugoslav constitutional changes, Croatia gained more autonomy in shaping its cultural affairs. This, ironically, didn't improve the Croatian film industry. Following the collapse of the Croatian Spring, Croatian Communist authorities in the 1970s pushed for tighter control over films. As a result, the general quality of Croatian films declined.
Prague School and Genre Cinema
Fresh air came to Yugoslav cinema in the late 1970s and early 1980s with the so-called Prague School, a group of authors educated at the famous Prague Academy FAMU. Amongst five directors usually presumed to be Prague School, two came from Croatia: Lordan Zafranović
Lordan Zafranović (born 11 February 1944) is a Czech-Croatian film director. He was a major figure of the Yugoslav Black Wave.
Early life
Lordan Zafranović was born in 1944 in Maslinica, island of Šolta, Dalmatia, during the fascist occupati ...
, and Rajko Grlić. Grlić's most famous film is You Only Love Once (Samo jednom se ljubi, 1981), a political melodrama that discusses the moral decay of the early communist establishment in the late 1940s. That film was in Cannes competitions. Lordan Zafranović's most famous films were ''Okupacija u 26 slika
''Occupation in 26 Pictures'' ( sh, Okupacija u 26 slika; also distributed internationally as ''Occupation in 26 Tableaux'') is a 1978 Yugoslavian war film directed by Lordan Zafranović. It was entered into the 1979 Cannes Film Festival. The f ...
'' (''Occupation in 26 Pictures'') and ''Pad Italije'' (''The Fall of Italy
''The Fall of Italy'' ( hr, Pad Italije), is a 1981 Yugoslav war film directed by Lordan Zafranović.
It won the Big Golden Arena for Best Film at the 1981 Pula Film Festival
Pula Film Festival ( hr, Pulski filmski festival) is an annual Croa ...
''), both of them war films set in coastal Dalmatia, and both screened at the Cannes festival.
An interesting phenomenon of the 1980s Croatian cinema is the so-called "neo-genre" works from directors who used Western commercial genres such as horror, thriller, or detective movie and implemented it in late-communist societal settings. The most famous author of that trend is Zoran Tadić, especially with his metaphysical, black-and-white thriller '' Ritam zločina'' (''Rhythm of the Crime'', 1981), and horror movie ''Treći kljuć'' ('' The Third Key'', 1983), which discusses the problem of corruption through kafkaesque
Franz Kafka (3 July 1883 – 3 June 1924) was a German-speaking Bohemian novelist and short-story writer, widely regarded as one of the major figures of 20th-century literature. His work fuses elements of realism and the fantastic. It typi ...
metaphor.
1990s: period of crisis
When Croatia became independent in the 1990s, Croatian film suffered a difficult crisis. Due to the wars, the market for Croatian films shrank, most of the theatres disappeared for good and no Croatian films could expect to be financially viable without even greater support from the state. In the period of the rule of Franjo Tuđman, the government avoided direct censorship, but demanded more nationalist content, making it less accessible not only to audiences in other countries, but also in Croatia itself.
Croatian Film Today: Third Golden Era
After the political changes in 2000, Croatian cinema proved it could work in a completely free environment for the first time. As a result, at the beginning of this decade Croatian cinema flourishes again, and many critics write about "third golden era" (after the 1950s and 1960s). One of the most popular authors in the contemporary Croatian cinema is Vinko Brešan
Vinko Brešan (; born 3 February 1964) is a Croatian film director who emerged into international renown with three critically acclaimed and award-winning films that, each in its own way, broke some of the perceived taboos of Croatian cinema in t ...
whose comedies ''Kako je počeo rat na mom otoku'' (''How the War Started on My Island
''How the War Started on My Island'' ( hr, Kako je počeo rat na mom otoku) is a 1996 Croatian black comedy film directed by Vinko Brešan and starring Vlatko Dulić, Ljubomir Kerekeš, Ivan Brkić, Predrag Vušović, Ivica Vidović, Božid ...
'', 1997), and ''Maršal'' (''Marshal Tito's Spirit'', 1999) mix grotesque humor and political provocation. Brešan's war drama ''Svjedoci'' (''Witnesses'', based on a novel by Jurica Pavičić Jurica Pavičić (born 2 November 1965 in Split) is a Croatian writer, columnist and film critic.
Pavičić's screenplay for ''Witnesses'' (''Svjedoci''), Vinko Brešan's 2003 film, won the Golden Arena for Best Screenplay in the 2003 Pula Film Fes ...
) was the first feature film from countries of former Yugoslavia which discussed the war crimes committed by "our guys", not the enemy. Film was screened in competition at the Berlin Film Festival in 2003. '' A Wonderful Night in Split'' (''Ta divna splitska noć'', 2004) by Arsen A. Ostojić received a nomination for the European Discovery EFA award, and ''Tu'' (''Here'', 2003) by Zrinko Ogresta
Zrinko Ogresta (born 5 October 1958) is a Croatian screenwriter and film director, professor of film directing at the Academy of Dramatic Arts in Zagreb and a member of the European Film Academy in Berlin. Praised for their strong visual styl ...
was awarded at the Karlovy Vary Film Festival
The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival ( cs, Mezinárodní filmový festival Karlovy Vary) is a film festival held annually in July in Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic. The Karlovy Vary Festival is one of the oldest in the world and has become ...
. Among other distinguished contemporary directors, internationally most recognized is Ognjen Sviličić
Ognjen Sviličić (born 1971 in Split) is a screenwriter and film director, based in Berlin noted for his critically acclaimed 2007 films Sorry For Kung Fu, '' Armin and These Are the Rules''
Career
Sviličić was born 1971 in Split, in a fami ...
, whose two films premiered at the Berlin Film Festival - ''Oprosti za kung fu'' (''Sorry about Kung Fu'', 2004) and '' Armin'' (2006). ''Armin'' was also Croatia's submission for the 2008 Academy Award, and although it didn't earn a nomination in the Best Foreign Language Film category, it did nevertheless receive the prestigious Best Foreign Film of 2007 Award given by the International Federation of Film Critics.
Croatian cinema produces between five and ten feature films per year. Ministry of culture also cofinances approximately 60 minutes of animation per year, plus documentaries and experimental films which have a bigger cultural prestige in Croatia then in other countries of former Yugoslavia. National cinema attendances average at 2.7 million tickets bought by a population of around 4.5 million.
Animation
The history of animation in Croatia begins with two short animated commercials by ''Sergej Tagatz'' in 1922 as a part of "Jadran Film". This was followed by animations produced by Dom narodnog zdravlja such as ''Ivin zub'' (Ivo's tooth), ''Macin nos'' (Kitty's nose), all of which were directed by Milan Marijanović and drawn by Petar Papp Petar ( sr, Петар, bg, Петър) is a South Slavic masculine given name, their variant of the Biblical name Petros cognate to Peter.
Derivative forms include Pero, Pejo, Pera, Perica, Petrica, Periša. Feminine equivalent is Petra.
...
in 1928. In 1929, the first completely animated short was "Martin u nebo, martin iz neba".[http://www.zdravi-gradovi.com.hr/media/7457/epoha_8_07.pdf ]
Zagreb School
Zagreb also stood out with its own animation film school, Zagrebačka škola crtanog filma (Zagreb Cartoon School). It was given that name at the Cannes Film Festival
The Cannes Festival (; french: link=no, Festival de Cannes), until 2003 called the International Film Festival (') and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films o ...
in 1959, when eight Zagreb cartoons were screened, and the French film historian Georges Sadoul
Georges Sadoul (4 February 1904 – 13 October 1967) was a French film critic, journalist and cinema writer. He is known for writing encyclopedias of film and filmmakers, many of which have been translated into English.
Biography
Sadoul was ...
first time named ''l'école de Zagreb'' (Zagreb School). The school was based on the production company Zagreb Film
Zagreb Film is a Croatian film company principally known for its animation studio. From Zagreb, it was founded in 1953. They have produced hundreds of animated films, as well as documentaries, television commercials, educational films and several ...
, famous for its symbol - a little horse. The most notable member of school (which was never a school in a proper, educational sense) was Montenegro
)
, image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg
, map_caption =
, image_map2 =
, capital = Podgorica
, coordinates =
, largest_city = capital
, official_languages = M ...
-born author Dušan Vukotić
Dušan Vukotić (7 February 1927 – 8 July 1998) was a Yugoslav and Croatian cartoonist, author and director of animated films of Montenegrin descent. He is the best known member of the Zagreb school of animated films.
Biography
Vukotić ...
, winner of the 1963 Oscar for his animated short Surogat. He was the first non-American to win the Oscar for animated film. Other important members were Vatroslav Mimica
Vatroslav Mimica (25 June 1923 – 15 February 2020) was a Croatian film director and screenwriter.
Early life
Born in Omiš, Mimica had enrolled at the University of Zagreb School of Medicine before the outbreak of World War II. In 1942 he ...
(later a feature filmmaker), and Vlado Kristl
Vladislav "Vlado" Kristl (24 January 1923, Zagreb, Croatia – 7 July 2004, Munich, Germany) was a filmmaker and artist, best known for his animations and short films.
Biography
Vladislav "Vlado" Kristl was born 24 January 1923 in Zagreb, Croati ...
, who left Croatia in the early 1960s after the banning of his avant-garde, experimental cartoon ''Don Kihot'' (Don Quixote). The Zagreb school was revolutionary for the animations of the 1950s, because it abandoned the Disney-like cartoon style, and introduced visual elements of avant-garde abstract painting, constructivism and cubism. A failure of the school was that it never experimented with other animation techniques than cartoons. Also, it never reached level of proper industry, remaining more like an artistic workshop. The Zagreb school was lively and successful during the 1960s and early 1970s, but after that Croatian animation faded and today it does not have the global role it used to have.
Croats in World Cinema
Many Croats participated in world cinema. Famous actor Rade Šerbedžija
Rade Šerbedžija ( sr-Cyrl, Раде Шербеџија, ; born 27 July 1946) is a Croatian actor, director and musician. He is known for his portrayals of imposing figures on both sides of the law. He was one of the best known Yugoslav actors i ...
(Sherbedgia) was born in Croatia. Actor starring in the '' ER'' TV series, Goran Višnjić
Goran Višnjić (; born 9 September 1972) is a Croatian actor who has appeared in American and British films and television productions. He is best known in the United States for his roles as Dr. Luka Kovač in '' ER'' and Garcia Flynn in ''Time ...
, is Croatian, as well as the two time Academy Award
The Academy Awards, better known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the American and international film industry. The awards are regarded by many as the most prestigious, significant awards in the entertainment ind ...
winner producer Branko Lustig
Branko Lustig (10 June 1932 – 14 November 2019) was a Croatian film producer best known for winning Academy Awards for Best Picture for ''Schindler's List'' and '' Gladiator''. He is the only person born in the territory of present-day Croatia ...
, and actress Mira Furlan
Mira Furlan (7 September 1955 – 20 January 2021) was a Croatian actress and singer. Internationally, she was best known for her roles as the Minbari Ambassador Delenn in the science fiction television series ''Babylon 5'' (1993–1998), and as ...
, known for her roles in ''Babylon 5
''Babylon 5'' is an American space opera television series created by writer and producer J. Michael Straczynski, under the Babylonian Productions label, in association with Straczynski's Synthetic Worlds Ltd. and Warner Bros. Domestic Tele ...
'' and ''Lost
Lost may refer to getting lost, or to:
Geography
*Lost, Aberdeenshire, a hamlet in Scotland
* Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail, or LOST, a hiking and cycling trail in Florida, US
History
*Abbreviation of lost work, any work which is known to have bee ...
'' TV series. Furthermore, John Malkovich
John Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an American actor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including a Primetime Emmy Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards, a British Academy Film Award, two Screen Actors Guild Aw ...
and Australian-born Eric Bana
Eric Banadinović, (born 9 August 1968), known professionally as Eric Bana (), is an Australian actor and comedian. He began his career in the sketch comedy series '' Full Frontal'' before gaining notice in the comedy drama '' The Castle'' (19 ...
are of Croatian ancestry.
Croatian film festivals
* Pula Film Festival
Pula Film Festival ( hr, Pulski filmski festival) is an annual Croatian film festival, established in 1954. It is held in a Roman amphitheater known as the Pula Arena. Pula Film Festival is the oldest Croatian film festival and is usually held ...
* Motovun Film Festival
The Motovun Film Festival is an annual film festival established in 1999 and held in the small town of Motovun, Croatia. It usually takes place over five or six days in late July or early August.
Overview
Motovun Film Festival is entirely dedic ...
* Zagreb Film Festival
Zagreb Film Festival (ZFF) is an annual film festival held since 2003 in Zagreb, Croatia. Focusing on promoting young and upcoming filmmaker, the festival is widely considered to be one of the most important and influential cultural events in Croa ...
* ZagrebDox
ZagrebDox is an international documentary film festival taking place in Zagreb every year, in late February / early March. Launched in 2005, the festival is intended to provide audiences and experts insight into recent documentary films, stimulate ...
* Split Film Festival
See also
* List of Croatian films
A list of films produced in Croatia. For an A-Z list of Croatian films see :Croatian films.
1910s
1920s
1930s
1940s
1950s
* List of Croatian films of the 1950s
1960s
*List of Croatian films of the 1960s
1970s
* List of Croatian films ...
* Croatian Film Archive The Croatian Film Archive ( hr, Hrvatska kinoteka) is the national film archive of Croatia. It is a member of the International Federation of Film Archives and of ACE, the Association of European Film Archives and Cinematheques. The archive was fou ...
* Cinema of the world
This is a list of cinema of the world by continent and country.
By continent
* Cinema of Africa
*Cinema of Asia
**South Asian cinema
**Southeast Asian cinema
* Cinema of North America
* Cinema of Latin America
*Cinema of Europe
* Cinema of Oceani ...
* World cinema
World cinema is a term in film theory that refers to films made outside of the American motion picture industry, particularly those in opposition to the aesthetics and values of commercial American cinema.Nagib, Lúcia. "Towards a positive de ...
References
Further reading
;In Croatian
"Povijest hrvatskog filma - kronološki pregled"
article by film critic Ivo Škrabalo
Ivo Škrabalo (; 19 February 1934 – 18 September 2011) was a Croatian film critic, screenwriter, and member of parliament.
Škrabalo was born in Sombor, where he finished elementary and high school before moving to Zagreb in 1952. He enrolled at ...
"Hrvatski film"
article by film critic Damir Radić at CultureNet.hr
"Kratki pregled povijesti hrvatskog filma 1896–1990"
article by film critic Ivo Kukuljica
‘Kako je počeo rat na mom otoku’ najvažniji je hrvatski film
article by film critic Nenad Polimac
Filmografija hrvatskih cjelovečernjih filmova (po redateljima)
;In English
, article by Ivo Škrabalo
Ivo Škrabalo (; 19 February 1934 – 18 September 2011) was a Croatian film critic, screenwriter, and member of parliament.
Škrabalo was born in Sombor, where he finished elementary and high school before moving to Zagreb in 1952. He enrolled at ...
"Moving into the Frame - Croatian Film in the 1990s"
, article by Jurica Pavičić Jurica Pavičić (born 2 November 1965 in Split) is a Croatian writer, columnist and film critic.
Pavičić's screenplay for ''Witnesses'' (''Svjedoci''), Vinko Brešan's 2003 film, won the Golden Arena for Best Screenplay in the 2003 Pula Film Fes ...
"Croatian Film in the Yugoslav Context in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century"
article by Ivo Škrabalo
Ivo Škrabalo (; 19 February 1934 – 18 September 2011) was a Croatian film critic, screenwriter, and member of parliament.
Škrabalo was born in Sombor, where he finished elementary and high school before moving to Zagreb in 1952. He enrolled at ...
"History of Cinema in Croatia"
at FilmBirth.com
External links
Croatian feature films 1944–2006
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cinema of Croatia