The cubic honeycomb or cubic cellulation is the only proper regular space-filling
tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or
honeycomb) in
Euclidean 3-space made up of
cubic
Cubic may refer to:
Science and mathematics
* Cube (algebra), "cubic" measurement
* Cube, a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex
** Cubic crystal system, a crystal system w ...
cells. It has 4 cubes around every edge, and 8 cubes around each vertex. Its
vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
is a regular
octahedron. It is a
self-dual
In mathematics, a duality translates concepts, theorems or mathematical structures into other concepts, theorems or structures, in a Injective function, one-to-one fashion, often (but not always) by means of an Involution (mathematics), involutio ...
tessellation with
Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form \ that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.
The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more ...
.
John Horton Conway called this honeycomb a cubille.
Related honeycombs
It is part of a multidimensional family of
hypercube honeycomb
In geometry, a hypercubic honeycomb is a family of regular honeycombs (tessellations) in -dimensional spaces with the Schläfli symbols and containing the symmetry of Coxeter group (or ) for .
The tessellation is constructed from 4 -hypercube ...
s, with
Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form \ that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.
The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more ...
s of the form , starting with the
square tiling, in the plane.
It is one of 28
uniform honeycombs using
convex uniform polyhedral cells.
Isometries of simple cubic lattices
Simple cubic lattices can be distorted into lower symmetries, represented by lower crystal systems:
Uniform colorings
There is a large number of
uniform colorings, derived from different symmetries. These include:
Projections
The ''cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements. The highest (hexagonal) symmetry form projects into a
triangular tiling
In geometry, the triangular tiling or triangular tessellation is one of the three regular tilings of the Euclidean plane, and is the only such tiling where the constituent shapes are not parallelogons. Because the internal angle of the equilater ...
. A square symmetry projection forms a
square tiling.
Related polytopes and honeycombs
It is related to the regular
4-polytope
In geometry, a 4-polytope (sometimes also called a polychoron, polycell, or polyhedroid) is a four-dimensional polytope. It is a connected and closed figure, composed of lower-dimensional polytopal elements: vertices, edges, faces (polygons), an ...
tesseract,
Schläfli symbol
In geometry, the Schläfli symbol is a notation of the form \ that defines regular polytopes and tessellations.
The Schläfli symbol is named after the 19th-century Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli, who generalized Euclidean geometry to more ...
, which exists in 4-space, and only has ''3'' cubes around each edge. It's also related to the
order-5 cubic honeycomb
In hyperbolic geometry, the order-5 cubic honeycomb is one of four compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs) in hyperbolic 3-space. With Schläfli symbol it has five cubes around each edge, and 20 cubes around each vertex. It ...
, Schläfli symbol , of
hyperbolic space with 5 cubes around each edge.
It is in a sequence of polychora and honeycombs with
octahedral vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
s.
It in a sequence of
regular polytopes and honeycombs with
cubic
Cubic may refer to:
Science and mathematics
* Cube (algebra), "cubic" measurement
* Cube, a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex
** Cubic crystal system, a crystal system w ...
cells
Cell most often refers to:
* Cell (biology), the functional basic unit of life
Cell may also refer to:
Locations
* Monastic cell, a small room, hut, or cave in which a religious recluse lives, alternatively the small precursor of a monastery w ...
.
Related polytopes
The cubic honeycomb has a lower symmetry as a runcinated cubic honeycomb, with two sizes of
cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s. A double symmetry construction can be constructed by placing a small cube into each large cube, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with
cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s, square prisms, and rectangular trapezoprisms (a cube with ''D
2d'' symmetry). Its vertex figure is a triangular pyramid with its lateral faces augmented by tetrahedra.
Dual cell
The resulting honeycomb can be alternated to produce another nonuniform honeycomb with regular
tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
, two kinds of tetragonal disphenoids, triangular pyramids, and sphenoids. Its vertex figure has ''C
3v'' symmetry and has 26 triangular faces, 39 edges, and 15 vertices.
Related Euclidean tessellations
The
,3,4 ,
Coxeter group generates 15 permutations of uniform tessellations, 9 with distinct geometry including the alternated cubic honeycomb. The
expanded cubic honeycomb (also known as the runcinated cubic honeycomb) is geometrically identical to the cubic honeycomb.
The
1,1">,31,1 ,
Coxeter group generates 9 permutations of uniform tessellations, 4 with distinct geometry including the alternated cubic honeycomb.
This honeycomb is one of
five distinct uniform honeycombs constructed by the
Coxeter group. The symmetry can be multiplied by the symmetry of rings in the
Coxeter–Dynkin diagram
In geometry, a Coxeter–Dynkin diagram (or Coxeter diagram, Coxeter graph) is a graph with numerically labeled edges (called branches) representing the spatial relations between a collection of mirrors (or reflecting hyperplanes). It describe ...
s:
----
Rectified cubic honeycomb
The rectified cubic honeycomb or rectified cubic cellulation is a uniform space-filling
tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or
honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of
octahedra and
cuboctahedra
A cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertex (geometry), vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edge (geometry), edges, each separating a t ...
in a ratio of 1:1, with a
square prism vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a cuboctahedrille, and its dual an
oblate octahedrille.
Projections
The ''rectified cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements.
Symmetry
There are four
uniform colorings for the cells of this honeycomb with reflective symmetry, listed by their
Coxeter group, and
Wythoff construction name, and the
Coxeter diagram below.
This honeycomb can be divided on
trihexagonal tiling
In geometry, the trihexagonal tiling is one of 11 uniform tilings of the Euclidean plane by regular polygons. See in particular Theorem 2.1.3, p. 59 (classification of uniform tilings); Figure 2.1.5, p.63 (illustration of this tiling), Theorem 2. ...
planes, using the
hexagon
In geometry, a hexagon (from Ancient Greek, Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple polygon, simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.
Regular hexa ...
centers of the cuboctahedra, creating two
triangular cupola
In geometry, the triangular cupola is one of the Johnson solids (). It can be seen as half a cuboctahedron.
Formulae
The following formulae for the volume (V), the surface area (A) and the height (H) can be used if all faces are regular, ...
e. This
scaliform honeycomb
In geometry, a uniform 4-polytope (or uniform polychoron) is a 4-dimensional polytope which is vertex-transitive and whose cells are uniform polyhedra, and faces are regular polygons.
There are 47 non-prismatic convex uniform 4-polytopes. There ...
is represented by Coxeter diagram , and symbol s
3, with
coxeter notation
In geometry, Coxeter notation (also Coxeter symbol) is a system of classifying symmetry groups, describing the angles between fundamental reflections of a Coxeter group in a bracketed notation expressing the structure of a Coxeter-Dynkin diagram ...
symmetry
+,6,3">+,6,3
:
.
Related polytopes
A double symmetry construction can be made by placing octahedra on the cuboctahedra, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with two kinds of
octahedra (regular octahedra and triangular antiprisms). The vertex figure is a
square bifrustum
The square bifrustum or ''square truncated bipyramid'' is the second in an infinite series of bifrustum polyhedra. It has 4 trapezoidal and 2 square faces.
This polyhedron can be constructed by taking a square bipyramid (octahedron) and truncati ...
. The dual is composed of
elongated square bipyramid
In geometry, the elongated square bipyramid (or elongated octahedron) is one of the Johnson solids (). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by elongating an octahedron by inserting a cube between its congruent halves.
It has been named ...
s.
Dual cell
----
Truncated cubic honeycomb
The truncated cubic honeycomb or truncated cubic cellulation is a uniform space-filling
tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or
honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of
truncated cubes and
octahedra in a ratio of 1:1, with an isosceles
square pyramid
In geometry, a square pyramid is a pyramid having a square base. If the apex is perpendicularly above the center of the square, it is a right square pyramid, and has symmetry. If all edge lengths are equal, it is an equilateral square pyramid, ...
vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a truncated cubille, and its dual
pyramidille.
Projections
The ''truncated cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements.
Symmetry
There is a second
uniform coloring by reflectional symmetry of the
Coxeter groups, the second seen with alternately colored truncated cubic cells.
Related polytopes
A double symmetry construction can be made by placing octahedra on the truncated cubes, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with two kinds of
octahedra (regular octahedra and triangular antiprisms) and two kinds of
tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(tetragonal disphenoids and digonal disphenoids). The vertex figure is an octakis square cupola.
Vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
Dual cell
----
Bitruncated cubic honeycomb
The bitruncated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling
tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or
honeycomb) in
Euclidean 3-space made up of
truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
(or, equivalently,
bitruncated cubes). It has four
truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
around each vertex, in a
tetragonal disphenoid vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
. Being composed entirely of
truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
, it is
cell-transitive. It is also
edge-transitive, with 2 hexagons and one square on each edge, and
vertex-transitive
In geometry, a polytope (e.g. a polygon or polyhedron) or a tiling is isogonal or vertex-transitive if all its vertices are equivalent under the symmetries of the figure. This implies that each vertex is surrounded by the same kinds of face in ...
. It is one of 28
uniform honeycombs.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a truncated octahedrille in his
Architectonic and catoptric tessellation
In geometry, John Horton Conway defines architectonic and catoptric tessellations as the uniform tessellations (or honeycombs) of Euclidean 3-space with prime space groups and their duals, as three-dimensional analogue of the Platonic, Archime ...
list, with its dual called an ''oblate tetrahedrille'', also called a
disphenoid tetrahedral honeycomb
The tetragonal disphenoid tetrahedral honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space made up of identical tetragonal disphenoidal cells. Cells are face-transitive with 4 identical isosceles triangle faces. John Horton ...
. Although a regular
tetrahedron
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
can not tessellate space alone, this dual has identical
disphenoid tetrahedron
In geometry, a disphenoid () is a tetrahedron whose four faces are congruent acute-angled triangles. It can also be described as a tetrahedron in which every two edges that are opposite each other have equal lengths. Other names for the same sh ...
cells with
isosceles triangle
In geometry, an isosceles triangle () is a triangle that has two sides of equal length. Sometimes it is specified as having ''exactly'' two sides of equal length, and sometimes as having ''at least'' two sides of equal length, the latter versio ...
faces.
Projections
The ''bitruncated cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements. The highest (hexagonal) symmetry form projects into a nonuniform
rhombitrihexagonal tiling
In geometry, the rhombitrihexagonal tiling is a semiregular tiling of the Euclidean plane. There are one triangle, two squares, and one hexagon on each vertex. It has Schläfli symbol of rr.
John Conway calls it a rhombihexadeltille.Conway, 2 ...
. A square symmetry projection forms two overlapping
truncated square tiling, which combine together as a
chamfered square tiling
In geometry, the chamfered square tiling or semitruncated square tiling is a tiling of the Euclidean plane. It is a square tiling with each edge Chamfer (geometry), chamfered into new hexagonal faces.
It can also be seen as the intersection of tw ...
.
Symmetry
The vertex figure for this honeycomb is a
disphenoid tetrahedron
In geometry, a disphenoid () is a tetrahedron whose four faces are congruent acute-angled triangles. It can also be described as a tetrahedron in which every two edges that are opposite each other have equal lengths. Other names for the same sh ...
, and it is also the
Goursat tetrahedron (
fundamental domain
Given a topological space and a group acting on it, the images of a single point under the group action form an orbit of the action. A fundamental domain or fundamental region is a subset of the space which contains exactly one point from each o ...
) for the
Coxeter group. This honeycomb has four uniform constructions, with the truncated octahedral cells having different
Coxeter groups and
Wythoff constructions. These uniform symmetries can be represented by coloring differently the cells in each construction.
Related polytopes
Nonuniform variants with
,3,4symmetry and two types of truncated octahedra can be doubled by placing the two types of truncated octahedra to produce a nonuniform honeycomb with
truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
and
hexagonal prisms (as ditrigonal trapezoprisms). Its vertex figure is a ''C
2v''-symmetric
triangular bipyramid
In geometry, the triangular bipyramid (or dipyramid) is a type of hexahedron, being the first in the infinite set of face-transitive bipyramids. It is the dual of the triangular prism with 6 isosceles triangle faces.
As the name suggests, i ...
.
This honeycomb can then be alternated to produce another nonuniform honeycomb with
pyritohedral icosahedra,
octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), and
tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as sphenoids). Its vertex figure has ''C
2v'' symmetry and consists of 2
pentagon
In geometry, a pentagon (from the Greek πέντε ''pente'' meaning ''five'' and γωνία ''gonia'' meaning ''angle'') is any five-sided polygon or 5-gon. The sum of the internal angles in a simple pentagon is 540°.
A pentagon may be simpl ...
s, 4
rectangle
In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles. It can also be defined as: an equiangular quadrilateral, since equiangular means that all of its angles are equal (360°/4 = 90°); or a parallelogram containi ...
s, 4
isosceles triangle
In geometry, an isosceles triangle () is a triangle that has two sides of equal length. Sometimes it is specified as having ''exactly'' two sides of equal length, and sometimes as having ''at least'' two sides of equal length, the latter versio ...
s (divided into two sets of 2), and 4
scalene triangle
A triangle is a polygon with three edges and three vertices. It is one of the basic shapes in geometry. A triangle with vertices ''A'', ''B'', and ''C'' is denoted \triangle ABC.
In Euclidean geometry, any three points, when non-collinear ...
s.
----
Alternated bitruncated cubic honeycomb
The alternated bitruncated cubic honeycomb or bisnub cubic honeycomb is non-uniform, with the highest symmetry construction reflecting an alternation of the uniform bitruncated cubic honeycomb. A lower-symmetry construction involves regular icosahedra paired with golden icosahedra (with 8 equilateral triangles paired with 12 golden triangles). There are three constructions from three related
Coxeter diagrams: , , and . These have symmetry
+,4">,3+,4 1,1)+">,(31,1)+and
[4">[4/sup>">.html" ;"title="
[4">[4/sup>sup>+ respectively. The first and last symmetry can be doubled as 4,3+,4 and [ [4">[4/sup>+.
This honeycomb is represented in the boron atoms of the Allotropes of boron#.CE.B1-rhombohedral boron, α-rhombihedral crystal. The centers of the icosahedra are located at the fcc positions of the lattice.
----
Cantellated cubic honeycomb
The cantellated cubic honeycomb or cantellated cubic cellulation is a uniform space-filling tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of rhombicuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedra, cuboctahedra
A cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertex (geometry), vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edge (geometry), edges, each separating a t ...
, and cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s in a ratio of 1:1:3, with a wedge vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a 2-RCO-trille, and its dual quarter oblate octahedrille.
:
Images
Projections
The ''cantellated cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements.
Symmetry
There is a second uniform colorings by reflectional symmetry of the Coxeter groups, the second seen with alternately colored rhombicuboctahedral cells.
Related polytopes
A double symmetry construction can be made by placing cuboctahedra on the rhombicuboctahedra, which results in the rectified cubic honeycomb, by taking the triangular antiprism gaps as regular octahedra, square antiprism pairs and zero-height tetragonal disphenoids as components of the cuboctahedron. Other variants result in cuboctahedra
A cuboctahedron is a polyhedron with 8 triangular faces and 6 square faces. A cuboctahedron has 12 identical vertex (geometry), vertices, with 2 triangles and 2 squares meeting at each, and 24 identical edge (geometry), edges, each separating a t ...
, square antiprisms, octahedra (as triangular antipodiums), and tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as tetragonal disphenoids), with a vertex figure topologically equivalent to a cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
with a triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
attached to one of its square faces.
----
Quarter oblate octahedrille
The dual of the ''cantellated cubic honeycomb'' is called a quarter oblate octahedrille, a catoptric tessellation with Coxeter diagram , containing faces from two of four hyperplanes of the cubic ,3,4fundamental domain.
It has irregular triangle bipyramid cells which can be seen as 1/12 of a cube, made from the cube center, 2 face centers, and 2 vertices.
:
Cantitruncated cubic honeycomb
The cantitruncated cubic honeycomb or cantitruncated cubic cellulation is a uniform space-filling tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space, made up of truncated cuboctahedra, truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
, and cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s in a ratio of 1:1:3, with a mirrored sphenoid
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a n-tCO-trille, and its dual triangular pyramidille
The cubic honeycomb or cubic cellulation is the only proper regular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space made up of cubic cells. It has 4 cubes around every edge, and 8 cubes around each vertex. Its vertex figure is a re ...
.
:
Images
Four cells exist around each vertex:
:
Projections
The ''cantitruncated cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements.
Symmetry
Cells can be shown in two different symmetries. The linear Coxeter diagram form can be drawn with one color for each cell type. The bifurcating diagram form can be drawn with two types (colors) of truncated cuboctahedron
In geometry, the truncated cuboctahedron is an Archimedean solid, named by Kepler as a truncation of a cuboctahedron. It has 12 square faces, 8 regular hexagonal faces, 6 regular octagonal faces, 48 vertices, and 72 edges. Since each of its fac ...
cells alternating.
Triangular pyramidille
The dual of the ''cantitruncated cubic honeycomb'' is called a triangular pyramidille, with Coxeter diagram, . This honeycomb cells represents the fundamental domains of symmetry.
A cell can be as 1/24 of a translational cube with vertices positioned: taking two corner, ne face center, and the cube center. The edge colors and labels specify how many cells exist around the edge.
:
Related polyhedra and honeycombs
It is related to a skew apeirohedron
In geometry, a skew apeirohedron is an infinite skew polyhedron consisting of nonplanar faces or nonplanar vertex figures, allowing the figure to extend indefinitely without folding round to form a closed surface.
Skew apeirohedra have also been ...
with vertex configuration 4.4.6.6, with the octagons and some of the squares removed. It can be seen as constructed by augmenting truncated cuboctahedral cells, or by augmenting alternated truncated octahedra and cubes.
Related polytopes
A double symmetry construction can be made by placing truncated octahedra on the truncated cuboctahedra, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
, hexagonal prisms (as ditrigonal trapezoprisms), cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s (as square prisms), triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
s (as ''C2v''-symmetric wedges), and tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as tetragonal disphenoids). Its vertex figure is topologically equivalent to the octahedron.
Vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
Dual cell
----
Alternated cantitruncated cubic honeycomb
The alternated cantitruncated cubic honeycomb or snub rectified cubic honeycomb contains three types of cells: snub cubes, icosahedra
In geometry, an icosahedron ( or ) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes and . The plural can be either "icosahedra" () or "icosahedrons".
There are infinitely many non- similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrica ...
(with ''Th'' symmetry), tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as tetragonal disphenoids), and new tetrahedral cells created at the gaps.
Although it is not uniform, constructionally it can be given as Coxeter diagrams or .
Despite being non-uniform, there is a near-miss version with two edge lengths shown below, one of which is around 4.3% greater than the other. The snub cubes in this case are uniform, but the rest of the cells are not.
----
Cantic snub cubic honeycomb
The cantic snub cubic honeycomb is constructed by snubbing the truncated octahedra
In geometry, the truncated octahedron is the Archimedean solid that arises from a regular octahedron by removing six pyramids, one at each of the octahedron's vertices. The truncated octahedron has 14 faces (8 regular hexagon, hexagons and 6 Squa ...
in a way that leaves only rectangle
In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles. It can also be defined as: an equiangular quadrilateral, since equiangular means that all of its angles are equal (360°/4 = 90°); or a parallelogram containi ...
s from the cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s (square prisms). It is not uniform but it can be represented as Coxeter diagram . It has rhombicuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedra (with ''Th'' symmetry), icosahedra
In geometry, an icosahedron ( or ) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes and . The plural can be either "icosahedra" () or "icosahedrons".
There are infinitely many non- similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrica ...
(with ''Th'' symmetry), and triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
s (as ''C2v''-symmetry wedges) filling the gaps.cantic snub cubic honeycomb
/ref>
Related polytopes
A double symmetry construction can be made by placing icosahedra on the rhombicuboctahedra, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with icosahedra
In geometry, an icosahedron ( or ) is a polyhedron with 20 faces. The name comes and . The plural can be either "icosahedra" () or "icosahedrons".
There are infinitely many non- similar shapes of icosahedra, some of them being more symmetrica ...
, octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
s (as ''C2v''-symmetric wedges), and square pyramid
In geometry, a square pyramid is a pyramid having a square base. If the apex is perpendicularly above the center of the square, it is a right square pyramid, and has symmetry. If all edge lengths are equal, it is an equilateral square pyramid, ...
s.
Vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
Dual cell
----
Runcitruncated cubic honeycomb
The runcitruncated cubic honeycomb or runcitruncated cubic cellulation is a uniform space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of rhombicuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedra, truncated cubes, octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s, and cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s in a ratio of 1:1:3:3, with an isosceles-trapezoidal pyramid
A pyramid (from el, πυραμίς ') is a structure whose outer surfaces are triangular and converge to a single step at the top, making the shape roughly a pyramid in the geometric sense. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilat ...
vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
.
Its name is derived from its Coxeter diagram, with three ringed nodes representing 3 active mirrors in the Wythoff construction from its relation to the regular cubic honeycomb.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a 1-RCO-trille, and its dual square quarter pyramidille.
Projections
The ''runcitruncated cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements.
Related skew apeirohedron
Two related uniform skew apeirohedron
In geometry, a skew apeirohedron is an infinite skew polyhedron consisting of nonplanar faces or nonplanar vertex figures, allowing the figure to extend indefinitely without folding round to form a closed surface.
Skew apeirohedra have also been ...
s exists with the same vertex arrangement, seen as boundary cells from a subset of cells. One has triangles and squares, and the other triangles, squares, and octagons.
:
Square quarter pyramidille
The dual to the ''runcitruncated cubic honeycomb'' is called a square quarter pyramidille, with Coxeter diagram . Faces exist in 3 of 4 hyperplanes of the ,3,4 Coxeter group.
Cells are irregular pyramids and can be seen as 1/24 of a cube, using one corner, one mid-edge point, two face centers, and the cube center.
:
Related polytopes
A double symmetry construction can be made by placing rhombicuboctahedra on the truncated cubes, resulting in a nonuniform honeycomb with rhombicuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedra, octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s (as square prisms), two kinds of triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
s (both ''C2v''-symmetric wedges), and tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as digonal disphenoids). Its vertex figure is topologically equivalent to the augmented triangular prism
In geometry, the augmented triangular prism is one of the Johnson solids (). As the name suggests, it can be constructed by augmenting a triangular prism by attaching a square pyramid () to one of its equatorial faces. The resulting solid bears ...
.
Vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
Dual cell
----
Omnitruncated cubic honeycomb
The omnitruncated cubic honeycomb or omnitruncated cubic cellulation is a uniform space-filling tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of truncated cuboctahedra and octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s in a ratio of 1:3, with a phyllic disphenoid
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
.
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a b-tCO-trille, and its dual eighth pyramidille
The tetragonal disphenoid tetrahedral honeycomb is a space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb (geometry), honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space made up of identical tetragonal disphenoidal cells. Cells are face-transitive with 4 identical isosceles trian ...
.
:
Projections
The ''omnitruncated cubic honeycomb'' can be orthogonally projected into the euclidean plane with various symmetry arrangements.
Symmetry
Cells can be shown in two different symmetries. The Coxeter diagram form has two colors of truncated cuboctahedra and octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s. The symmetry can be doubled by relating the first and last branches of the Coxeter diagram, which can be shown with one color for all the truncated cuboctahedral and octagonal prism cells.
Related polyhedra
Two related uniform skew apeirohedron
In geometry, a skew apeirohedron is an infinite skew polyhedron consisting of nonplanar faces or nonplanar vertex figures, allowing the figure to extend indefinitely without folding round to form a closed surface.
Skew apeirohedra have also been ...
exist with the same vertex arrangement. The first has octagons removed, and vertex configuration 4.4.4.6. It can be seen as truncated cuboctahedra and octagonal prisms augmented together. The second can be seen as augmented octagonal prisms, vertex configuration 4.8.4.8.
Related polytopes
Nonuniform variants with ,3,4symmetry and two types of truncated cuboctahedra can be doubled by placing the two types of truncated cuboctahedra on each other to produce a nonuniform honeycomb with truncated cuboctahedra, octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s, hexagonal prisms (as ditrigonal trapezoprisms), and two kinds of cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s (as rectangular trapezoprisms and their ''C2v''-symmetric variants). Its vertex figure is an irregular triangular bipyramid
In geometry, the triangular bipyramid (or dipyramid) is a type of hexahedron, being the first in the infinite set of face-transitive bipyramids. It is the dual of the triangular prism with 6 isosceles triangle faces.
As the name suggests, i ...
.
Vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
Dual cell
This honeycomb can then be alternated to produce another nonuniform honeycomb with snub cubes, square antiprisms, octahedra (as triangular antiprisms), and three kinds of tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as tetragonal disphenoids, phyllic disphenoids, and irregular tetrahedra).
Vertex figure
In geometry, a vertex figure, broadly speaking, is the figure exposed when a corner of a polyhedron or polytope is sliced off.
Definitions
Take some corner or Vertex (geometry), vertex of a polyhedron. Mark a point somewhere along each connect ...
----
Alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb
An alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb or omnisnub cubic honeycomb can be constructed by alternation of the omnitruncated cubic honeycomb, although it can not be made uniform, but it can be given Coxeter diagram: and has symmetry [4,3,4">nowiki/>[4,3,4+. It makes snub cubes from the truncated cuboctahedra, square antiprisms from the octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s, and creates new tetrahedral cells from the gaps.
Dual alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb
A dual alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb is a space-filling honeycomb constructed as the dual of the alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb.
24 cells fit around a vertex, making a chiral octahedral symmetry">#alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb">alternated omnitruncated cubic honeycomb.
24 cells fit around a vertex, making a chiral octahedral symmetry that can be stacked in all 3-dimensions:
:
Individual cells have 2-fold rotational symmetry. In 2D orthogonal projection, this looks like a mirror symmetry.
----
Runcic cantitruncated cubic honeycomb
The runcic cantitruncated cubic honeycomb or runcic cantitruncated cubic cellulation is constructed by removing alternating long rectangles from the octagons and is not uniform, but it can be represented as Coxeter diagram . It has rhombicuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedra (with ''Th'' symmetry), snub cubes, two kinds of cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s: square prisms and rectangular trapezoprisms (topologically equivalent to a cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
but with ''D2d'' symmetry), and triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
s (as ''C2v''-symmetry wedges) filling the gaps.
----
Biorthosnub cubic honeycomb
The biorthosnub cubic honeycomb is constructed by removing alternating long rectangles from the octagons orthogonally and is not uniform, but it can be represented as Coxeter diagram . It has rhombicuboctahedron, rhombicuboctahedra (with ''Th'' symmetry) and two kinds of cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s: square prisms and rectangular trapezoprisms (topologically equivalent to a cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
but with ''D2d'' symmetry).
----
Truncated square prismatic honeycomb
The truncated square prismatic honeycomb or tomo-square prismatic cellulation is a space-filling tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s and cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s in a ratio of 1:1.
It is constructed from a truncated square tiling extruded into prisms.
It is one of 28 convex uniform honeycomb
In geometry, a convex uniform honeycomb is a uniform polytope, uniform tessellation which fills three-dimensional Euclidean space with non-overlapping convex polyhedron, convex uniform polyhedron, uniform polyhedral cells.
Twenty-eight such honey ...
s.
----
Snub square prismatic honeycomb
The snub square prismatic honeycomb or simo-square prismatic cellulation is a space-filling tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane (mathematics), plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called ''tiles'', with no overlaps and no gaps. In mathematics, tessellation can be generalized to high-dimensional ...
(or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s and triangular prism
In geometry, a triangular prism is a three-sided prism; it is a polyhedron made of a triangular base, a translated copy, and 3 faces joining corresponding sides. A right triangular prism has rectangular sides, otherwise it is ''oblique''. A unif ...
s in a ratio of 1:2.
It is constructed from a snub square tiling extruded into prisms.
It is one of 28 convex uniform honeycomb
In geometry, a convex uniform honeycomb is a uniform polytope, uniform tessellation which fills three-dimensional Euclidean space with non-overlapping convex polyhedron, convex uniform polyhedron, uniform polyhedral cells.
Twenty-eight such honey ...
s.
----
Snub square antiprismatic honeycomb
A snub square antiprismatic honeycomb can be constructed by alternation of the truncated square prismatic honeycomb, although it can not be made uniform, but it can be given Coxeter diagram: and has symmetry ,4,2,∞sup>+. It makes
square antiprisms from the
octagonal prism
In geometry, the octagonal prism is the sixth in an infinite set of prisms, formed by rectangular sides and two regular octagon caps.
If faces are all regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron.
Symmetry
Images
The octagonal prism can also b ...
s,
tetrahedra
In geometry, a tetrahedron (plural: tetrahedra or tetrahedrons), also known as a triangular pyramid, is a polyhedron composed of four triangular faces, six straight edges, and four vertex corners. The tetrahedron is the simplest of all the o ...
(as tetragonal disphenoids) from the
cube
In geometry, a cube is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square faces, facets or sides, with three meeting at each vertex. Viewed from a corner it is a hexagon and its net is usually depicted as a cross.
The cube is the only r ...
s, and two tetrahedra from the
triangular bipyramid
In geometry, the triangular bipyramid (or dipyramid) is a type of hexahedron, being the first in the infinite set of face-transitive bipyramids. It is the dual of the triangular prism with 6 isosceles triangle faces.
As the name suggests, i ...
s.
See also
*
Architectonic and catoptric tessellation
In geometry, John Horton Conway defines architectonic and catoptric tessellations as the uniform tessellations (or honeycombs) of Euclidean 3-space with prime space groups and their duals, as three-dimensional analogue of the Platonic, Archime ...
*
Alternated cubic honeycomb
The tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb, alternated cubic honeycomb is a quasiregular space-filling tessellation (or honeycomb) in Euclidean 3-space. It is composed of alternating regular octahedra and tetrahedra in a ratio of 1:2.
Other names incl ...
*
List of regular polytopes
This article lists the regular polytopes and regular polytope compounds in Euclidean geometry, Euclidean, spherical geometry, spherical and hyperbolic geometry, hyperbolic spaces.
The Schläfli symbol describes every regular tessellation of an ' ...
*
Order-5 cubic honeycomb
In hyperbolic geometry, the order-5 cubic honeycomb is one of four compact regular space-filling tessellations (or honeycombs) in hyperbolic 3-space. With Schläfli symbol it has five cubes around each edge, and 20 cubes around each vertex. It ...
A hyperbolic cubic honeycomb with 5 cubes per edge
*
voxel
References
*
John H. Conway
John Horton Conway (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English people, English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to ...
, Heidi Burgiel,
Chaim Goodman-Strauss, (2008) ''The Symmetries of Things'', (Chapter 21, Naming the Archimedean and Catalan polyhedra and tilings, Architectonic and Catoptric tessellations, p 292-298, includes all the nonprismatic forms)
*
Coxeter, H.S.M. ''
Regular Polytopes'', (3rd edition, 1973), Dover edition, p. 296, Table II: Regular honeycombs
* George Olshevsky, ''Uniform Panoploid Tetracombs'', Manuscript (2006) ''(Complete list of 11 convex uniform tilings, 28 convex uniform honeycombs, and 143 convex uniform tetracombs)''
*
Branko Grünbaum, Uniform tilings of 3-space.
Geombinatorics 4(1994), 49 - 56.
* ''Kaleidoscopes: Selected Writings of H.S.M. Coxeter'', edited by F. Arthur Sherk, Peter McMullen, Anthony C. Thompson, Asia Ivic Weiss, Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1995,
** (Paper 22) H.S.M. Coxeter, ''Regular and Semi Regular Polytopes I'',
ath. Zeit. 46 (1940) 380-407, MR 2,10(1.9 Uniform space-fillings)
*
A. Andreini, ''Sulle reti di poliedri regolari e semiregolari e sulle corrispondenti reti correlative'' (On the regular and semiregular nets of polyhedra and on the corresponding correlative nets), Mem. Società Italiana della Scienze, Ser.3, 14 (1905) 75–129.
*
Uniform Honeycombs in 3-Space: 01-Chon{{Honeycombs
Honeycombs (geometry)
4-polytopes
Self-dual tilings
Regular tessellations