Caliciales is an order of mostly

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Lecanoromycetes Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized fungi. It belongs to the subphylum Pezizomycotina in the phylum Ascomycota. The asci (spore-bearing cells) of the Lecanoromycetes most often release spores by rostrate dehiscence. Genera of unc ...

. It consists of two families:

Caliciaceae The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification changed several times throughout its taxonomic history, the use of mo ...

and

Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family. Genera This is a list of the genera contained wi ...

, which together contain 54

genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclat ...

and more than 1200 species. The order was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

by American botanist

Charles Edwin Bessey Charles Edwin Bessey (21 May 1845 – 25 February 1915) was an American botanist. Biography He was born at Milton, Wayne County, Ohio. He graduated in 1869 at the Michigan Agricultural College. Bessey also studied at Harvard University under ...

in 1907.

Families and genera

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of Mi ...

(in the

Catalogue of Life The Catalogue of Life is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxonomic Info ...

) accepts 2 families, 56 genera, and 910 species in the Caliciales. *

::''

Acolium ''Acolium'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classificati ...

'' – 5 spp. ::'' Acroscyphus'' – 1 sp. ::''

Allocalicium ''Allocalicium'' is a lichen genus in the family Caliciaceae. It is monotypic, containing the single pin lichen species ''Allocalicium adaequatum''. Taxonomy ''Allocalicium'' was circumscribed in 2016 by lichenologists Maria Prieto and Mats We ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Amandinea ''Amandinea'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Genetic studies indicates that the genus ''Amandinea'' and '' Buellia'' are the same,Scheidegger, C. 2009. Amandinea Choisy ex Scheid. & H. Mayrhofer (1993). In: C. W. Smith ...

'' – 83 spp. ::''

Australiaena ''Australiaena'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. This is a monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that d ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Baculifera ''Baculifera'' is a genus of lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It was circumscribed in 2000 by Bernhard Marbach and Klaus Kalb. Species in this genus are characterized by having bacilliform conidia typically measuring 8–11 μm long, and ...

'' – 18 spp. ::''

Buellia ''Buellia'' is a genus of mostly lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The fungi are usually part of a crustose lichen. In this case, the lichen species is given the same name as the fungus. But members may also grow as parasites on li ...

'' – 201 spp. ::'' Caliciella'' – 1 sp. ::''

Calicium ''Calicium'' is a genus of leprose lichens. It is in the family Caliciaceae. The sexual reproduction structures are a mass of loose ascospores that are enclosed by a cup shaped exciple sitting on top of a tiny stalk, having the appearance of ...

'' – 36 spp. ::''

Chrismofulvea ''Chrismofulvea'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Bernhard Marbach in 2000, with '' Chrismofulvea dialyta'' assigned as the type species. It was one of several s ...

'' – 3 spp. ::''

Ciposia ''Ciposia'' is a single-species fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. Circumscribed by Bernhard Marbach in 2000, it contains the species ''Ciposia wheeleri'', a corticolous (bark-dwelling) and crustose lichen. This species was originally cla ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Cratiria ''Cratiria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 20 species. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Bernhard Marbac ...

'' – 23 spp. ::''

Dermatiscum ''Dermatiscum'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classifi ...

'' – 2 sp. ::''

Dermiscellum ''Dermiscellum'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classi ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Dimelaena ''Dimelaena'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Members of the genus are commonly called mountain lichens, or moonglow lichens. They are p ...

'' – 10 spp. ::''

Diploicia ''Diploicia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains 6 species. Species list The following species are accepted in the genus ''Diploicia' ...

'' – 6 spp. ::''

Diplotomma ''Diplotomma'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 29 species. The genus was circumscribed by Julius von Flotow in 1849. It was later wrapped into ''Buellia'' befo ...

'' – 12 spp. ::''

Dirinaria ''Dirinaria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropi ...

'' – 18 spp. ::''

Endohyalina ''Endohyalina'' is a genus of 10 species of corticolous lichens in the family Caliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Bernhard Marbach in 2000, with '' Endohyalina rappii'' designated as the type species In zoological nomenclature, a type ...

'' – 10 sp. ::'' Fluctua'' – 1 sp. ::''

Gassicurtia ''Gassicurtia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscribed by French botanist Antoine Laurent Apollinaire Fée in Essai Crypt. Exot. (Paris) 1: XLVI, 100 in 1825. The genus name of ''Gassic ...

'' – 30 spp. ::'' Hafellia'' – 13 spp. ::''

Hypoflavia ''Hypoflavia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus in found in South America, especially in tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic o ...

'' – 3 spp. ::'' Monerolechia'' – 5 spp. ::'' Orcularia'' – 3 spp. ::'' Pseudothelomma'' – 2 spp. ::''

Pyxine ''Pyxine'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution in tropical regions. The presence or absence of the compound lichexanthone is a character Character or Characters may refer to: Arts ...

'' – 44 spp. ::'' Redonia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Santessonia'' – 3 sp. ::'' Sculptolumina'' – 5 spp. ::'' Sphinctrinopsis'' – 1 sp. ::'' Stigmatochroma'' – 8 spp. ::'' Tetramelas'' – 31 spp. ::'' Texosporium'' – 1 sp. ::''

Thelomma ''Thelomma'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is widely distributed and contains seven species. ''Thelomma'' was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo Abramo Bartolommeo Massalo ...

'' – 2 spp. ::''

Tholurna ''Tholurna'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species ''Tholurna dissimilis''. This species was first described by Johannes Musaeus Norman as ''Podocratera dissimilis'' in 1 ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Tylophoropsis – 1 sp. *

::''

Anaptychia ''Anaptychia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. Species , Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at ...

'' – 5 spp. ::'' Awasthia'' – 1 sp. ::'' Coscinocladium'' – 2 spp. ::''

Culbersonia ''Culbersonia'' is a fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single foliose lichen ''Culbersonia nubila'' (formerly called ''Culbersonia americana''). This species, which grows on trees and rocks, is foun ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Heterodermia ''Heterodermia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 80 species. Description ''Heterodermia'' are subterranean or almost upright l ...

'' – 49 spp. ::''

Hyperphyscia ''Hyperphyscia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera a ...

'' – 7 spp. ::'' Kashiwadia'' – 1 sp. ::''

Leucodermia ''Leucodermia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Taxonomy The genus was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by German lichenologist Klaus Kalb in 2015, with ''Leucodermia leucomelos'' assigned as the type speci ...

'' – 11 spp. ::'' Mischoblastia'' – 3 spp. ::'' Mobergia'' – 1 sp. ::''

Oxnerella ''Oxnerella'' is a genus of centrohelid The centrohelids or centroheliozoa are a large group of heliozoan protists. They include both mobile and sessile forms, found in freshwater and marine environments, especially at some depth. Characteris ...

'' – 1 sp. ::'' Phaeophyscia'' – 22 spp. ::''

Phaeorrhiza ''Phaeorrhiza'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera ...

'' – 1 sp. ::''

Physcia ''Physcia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus name means "inflated" or "sausage-like", referring to the form of the type species. According to a 2008 estimate, the widespread genus contains 73 species. Species ...

'' – 43 spp. ::'' Physciella'' – 4 spp. ::''

Physconia ''Physconia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It has about 25 species. The genus was circumscribed by Czech lichenologist Josef Poelt in 1965, with '' Physconia pulverulenta'' assigned as the type species In zool ...

'' – 15 spp. ::'' Polyblastidium'' – 18 spp. ::''

Rinodina ''Rinodina'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 265 species. It is hypothesized that a few saxicolous lichen, saxicolous species common to dry regions of wester ...

'' – 132 spp. ::'' Rinodinella'' – 3 spp. ::'' Tornabea'' – 1 sp.

References

Caliciales Lecanoromycetes orders Lichen orders Taxa described in 1907 {{Caliciales-stub