The Burkholderiales are an order of

Pseudomonadota Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The ...

.George M. Garrity: '' Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology''. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York, 2005, Vol. 2: ''The Proteobacteria Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteabacteria'' Like all Pseudomonadota, they are

Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall ...

. They include several pathogenic bacteria, including species of ''

Burkholderia ''Burkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota whose pathogenic members include the ''Burkholderia cepacia'' complex, which attacks humans and ''Burkholderia mallei'', responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related ...

'', ''

Bordetella ''Bordetella'' () is a genus of small (0.2 – 0.7 µm), gram-negative coccobacilli of the phylum Pseudomonadota. ''Bordetella'' species, with the exception of '' B. petrii'', are obligate aerobes, as well as highly fastidious, or difficult ...

'', and ''

Ralstonia ''Ralstonia'' is a genus of bacteria, previously included in the genus ''Pseudomonas''. It is named after the American bacteriologist Ericka Ralston. Ericka Ralston was born Ericka Barrett in 1944 in Saratoga, California, and died in 2015 in Seb ...

''. They also include '' Oxalobacter'' and related genera, which are unusual in using

oxalic acid Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and formula . It is the simplest dicarboxylic acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name comes from the fact that early inve ...

as their source of carbon. Other well-studied genera include ''

Alcaligenes ''Alcaligenes'' is a genus of Gram-negative, Aerobic organism, aerobic, Bacillus (shape), rod-shaped bacteria. The species are motile with amphitrichous flagella and rarely nonmotile. It is a genus of Non-fermenter, non-fermenting bacteria (in t ...

'', '' Cupriavidus'', ''

Achromobacter ''Achromobacter'' is a genus of bacteria, included in the family Alcaligenaceae in the order Burkholderiales. The cells are Gram-negative straight rods and are motile by using one to 20 peritrichous flagella. They are strictly aerobic and are fo ...

'', ''

Comamonas ''Comamonas'' is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, ...

'', '' Delftia'', ''

Massilia Massalia (Greek: Μασσαλία; Latin: Massilia; modern Marseille) was an ancient Greek colony founded ca. 600 BC on the Mediterranean coast of present-day France, east of the river Rhône, by Ionian Greek settlers from Phocaea, in Western An ...

'', '' Duganella'', '' Janthinobacterium'', ''

Polynucleobacter ''Polynucleobacter'' is a genus of bacteria, originally established by Heckmann and Schmidt (1987) to exclusively harbor obligate endosymbionts of ciliates belonging to the genus '' Euplotes''. Recently, several new ''Polynucleobacter'' species ...

'' (important freshwater bacterioplankton), non-pathogenic ''

Paraburkholderia ''Paraburkholderia'' is a genus of Pseudomonadota that are gram negative, slightly curved rods that are motile by means of flagella. They have been reported to colonize endophytic tissues of hybrid spruce (Picea glauca x engelmannii) and lodge ...

'', '' Caballeronia'', '' Polaromonas'', ''

Thiomonas ''Thiomonas'' is a genus of Gram-negative, non- spore-forming bacteria Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain ...

'', ''

Collimonas ''Collimonas'' is a genus of bacteria in the family Oxalobacteraceae. Culturable representatives of this genus have the ability to lyse chitin, to use fungal hyphae as a source of food, to produce antifungal molecules and to be effective at weath ...

'', '' Hydrogenophaga'', ''

Sphaerotilus ''Sphaerotilus natans'' is an aquatic periphyton organism associated with polluted water. It forms colonies commonly known as "sewage fungus", but later identified as tightly sheathed filamentous bacteria. Morphology Straight or smoothly curve ...

'', '' Variovorax'', '' Acidovorax'', '' Rubrivivax'' and ''

Rhodoferax ''Rhodoferax'' is a genus of Betaproteobacteria belonging to the Purple bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria. Originally, ''Rhodoferax'' species were included in the genus ''Rhodocyclus'' as the ''Rhodocyclus gelatinous''-like group. The genus '' ...

'' (both members of the

photosynthetic Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities. Some of this chemical energy is stored in c ...

purple nonsulfur bacteria), and '' Herbaspirillum'' (capable of

nitrogen-fixation Nitrogen fixation is a chemical process by which molecular nitrogen (), with a strong triple covalent bond, in the Atmosphere of Earth, air is converted into ammonia () or related nitrogenous compounds, typically in soil or aquatic systems but al ...

References

External links

Burkholderiales
J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature Betaproteobacteria {{Betaproteobacteria-stub