This is a list of the bird species recorded in Singapore. The avifauna of

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bor ...

include a total of 459 species, 30 of which have been introduced by humans. This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of ''

The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World'' is a book by Jim Clements which presents a list of the bird species of the world. The most recent printed version is the sixth edition (2007), but has been updated yearly, the last version in 202 ...

'', 2022 edition. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account.
The following tags have been used to highlight several categories, but not all species fall into one of these categories. Those that do not are commonly occurring native species.

Abundance

*Very common (VC) - found almost all the time in suitable locations *Common (C) - found most of the time in suitable locations *Uncommon (U) - found some of the time *Rare (R) - found several times a year *Very rare (VR) - not found every year *Accidental (A) - a species that rarely or accidentally has occurred in Singapore *Extirpated (Ex) - used to be found in Singapore, but not any more

Status

*Resident (R) - stays throughout the year without known breeding record *Resident breeder (RB) - stays throughout the year with known breeding record *Winter visitor (WV) - spends months at wintering site *Passage migrant (PM) - spends days to weeks at wintering site *Migrant breeder (MB) - breeds locally, but winters elsewhere *Non-breeding visitor (NBV) - can be found throughout the year for days to months, but does not breed locally *Vagrant (V) - not usually found locally *Introduced (I) - either released or escaped birds *Reintroduced (rI) - previously extirpated, but has been re-introduced into the wild

Locations

There are many locations for bird watching in Singapore. The habitats include forests, mangroves, rivers, coasts, grasslands, woodlands, marshes, and offshore islands.

Nature reserves

Bukit Timah Nature Reserve The Bukit Timah Nature Reserve (abbreviation: BTNR) is a nature reserve near the geographic centre of Singapore, located on the slopes of Bukit Timah Hill, the country's highest natural peak standing at a height of approximately , and parts ...

(BTNR) - the forest surrounding the highest peak in Singapore *

Central Catchment Nature Reserve The Central Catchment Nature Reserve (; ms, Hutan Simpanan Kawasan Tadahan Air Tengah; ta, மத்திய நீர்ப்பிடிப்பு இயற்கை ரிசர்வ்) is the largest nature reserve in Singapore, occ ...

(CCNR) - the four reservoirs in central Singapore ( MacRitchie, Lower Peirce (LPR), Upper Peirce (UPR) and Upper Seletar (USR)) and surrounding forests *

Labrador Nature Reserve Labrador Nature Reserve ( Chinese: 拉柏多自然保护区, Malay: Kawasan Simpanan Alam Semulajadi Labrador), also known locally as Labrador Park (拉柏多公园, Taman Labrador), is located in the southern part of mainland Singapore. It is ho ...

(LNR) - the forest and surrounding coast at the southern tip of Singapore * Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve (SBWR) - the wetland at the north-western tip of Singapore

Offshore islands

There are many islands surrounding mainland Singapore. They often have names carrying the word "pulau" (P.), meaning "island" (Is.) in the Malay language. * Islands in Johor Strait - including Pulau Punggol, Coney Island,

Pulau Tekong Pulau may refer to: *Pulau virus (PuV), a novel strain of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus species *Pulau River, a river of West Papua and Papua New Guinea See also *List of islands of Malaysia – "Pulau" means "island" in the Malay language *Pulao (di ...

Pulau Ubin Pulau Ubin, also simply known as Ubin, is an island situated in the north east of Singapore, to the west of Pulau Tekong. The granite quarry used to be supported by a few thousand settlers on Pulau Ubin in the 1960s, but only about 38 villagers ...

* Islands in

Singapore Strait The Singapore Strait is a , strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel, and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime ...

- including

Sentosa Sentosa Island, known mononymously as Sentosa, and formerly ''Pulau Belakang Mati'', is an island located off the southern coast of Singapore's main island. The island is separated from the main island of Singapore by a channel of water, the K ...

Sisters' Islands Sisters' Islands are two of the Southern Islands in Singapore and are located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. It can be reached via a boat ride from Marina South Pier or West Coast Pier. Big Sister's ...

, St. John Island,

Kusu Island Kusu Island is one of the Southern Islands in Singapore, located about to the south of the main island of Singapore and below the Singapore Straits. "Kusu" means "Tortoise Island" or "Turtle Island" in Hokkien; the island is also known as ' ...

, Jurong Island,

Pulau Hantu Pulau Hantu is located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. Pulau Hantu is actually made up of two islets: ''Pulau Hantu Besar'' (Big Ghost Island) and ''Pulau Hantu Kechil'' (Little Ghost Island), with a to ...

, Pulau Salu,

Pulau Semakau Pulau Semakau (or Semakau Island) is located to the south of the main island of Singapore, off the Straits of Singapore. The Semakau Landfill is located on the eastern side of the island, and was created by the amalgamation of Pulau Sakeng (also ...

* Pedra Branca - the easternmost end of Singapore Strait

Rivers

There are many rivers in Singapore. They often have names carrying the word "sungei" (S.), meaning "river" in the Malay language. * Sungei Punggol - a river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It has been converted into a reservoir in 2011 and is now known as Punggol Reservoir. It contains Sengkang Floating Wetland (SFW) and is beside

Sengkang Riverside Park Sengkang Riverside Park is a riverine park located at Anchorvale Street and Fernvale Street abutting Sungei Punggol, Singapore. The park consist of three open-space land parcels and is also home to a constructed wetland. The Sengkang Sports Ce ...

(SRP). * Sungei Serangoon - a river in the north-eastern part of Singapore. It has been converted into a reservoir in 2011 and is now known as Serangoon Reservoir. It is beside Lorong Halus Wetland and Punggol grassland.

Coasts

There are many coastal habitats around mainland Singapore. * Lower Seletar Dam (LSD) - a mudflat and sandy beach at north-eastern Singapore. It is the northern border of Lower Seletar Reservoir (LSR). * Kranji Dam - a dam at north-western Singapore. It is the northern border of the Kranji Reservoir. * Mandai Mudflat -a mudflat at north-western Singapore. It is a feeding ground for migratory waders.

Parks and gardens

There are many parks and gardens in Singapore. Some of them contain lakes, mangroves, forests, quarries, or rivers. Some are parks in a town, like Ang Mo Kio Town Garden West (AMK TGW) and

Choa Chu Kang Park Choa Chu Kang Park is a community park in Singapore located beside Kranji Expressway and along Choa Chu Kang Drive. See also *List of parks in Singapore There are numerous parks throughout the sovereign island country of Singapore. This is a ...

(CCKP). Others are parks in business or industrial areas, like

Changi Business Park The Changi Business Park (Abbreviation: CBP; ms, Taman Perniagaan Changi; Chinese: 樟宜商业园; ta, சாங்கி பிஸினஸ் பார்க்) is a business park located in Changi South, in the eastern part of Singapore. ...

(CBP) and Jurong Eco-Garden (JEG). *

Admiralty Park Admiralty Park is a national park in Singapore that is 27 hectares in size It is made unique by its river valley shaped hilly terrain. Background This feature reflects the history of the site, as it used to have Sungei Cina running through it. V ...

- a park in northern Singapore with a mangrove and a river, Sungei Cina. *

Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park or Bishan-AMK Park, (formerly known as Bishan Park) is a major park in Singapore, located in the popular heartland of Bishan. Serving the residents of Bishan, Yishun and Ang Mo Kio, the park sits entirely within Bishan, r ...

(BAMKP) - urban park along the banks of a former canal located in central Singapore * Bukit Batok Nature Park (BBNP) - a forest near the western part of Singapore with a quarry within. * Dairy Farm Nature Park (DFNP) - the forest adjacent to the north of BTNR, including Wallace Education Centre and Singapore Quarry * Hindhede Nature Park (HNP) - the forest adjacent to the south-west of BTNR, including Hindhede Quarry. * Jurong Lake Gardens (JLG) - includes the gardens surrounding the Jurong Lake, such as Chinese Garden and

Japanese Garden are traditional gardens whose designs are accompanied by Japanese aesthetics and philosophical ideas, avoid artificial ornamentation, and highlight the natural landscape. Plants and worn, aged materials are generally used by Japanese garden desi ...

. * Pasir Ris Park (PRP) - a park in north-eastern Singapore containing Sungei Api Api and a mangrove board walk. *Satay by the Bay (SBTB) is a part of the bigger

Gardens by the Bay The Gardens by the Bay is a nature park spanning in the Central Region of Singapore, adjacent to the Marina Reservoir. The park consists of three waterfront gardens: Bay South Garden (in Marina South), Bay East Garden (in Marina East) and Ba ...

in south-eastern Singapore (formerly ''Marina South'') *

Singapore Botanic Gardens The Singapore Botanic Gardens is a -year-old tropical garden located at the fringe of the Orchard Road shopping district in Singapore. It is one of three gardens, and the only tropical garden, to be honoured as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. T ...

(SBG) - Singapore's only

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

site containing three lakes (Eco, Symphony and Swan). * Southern Ridges - contains Kent Ridge Park (KRP), Mount Faber Park (MFP) and Telok Blangah Hill Park (TBHP). *

Tampines Eco Green Tampines Eco Green is a park in Tampines, Singapore. It is bordered by Tampines Expressway, Tampines Avenue 12 and the Sungei Tampines canal. The park was opened to the public in April 2011. The 36 hectares park consist of open grasslands, fresh ...

(TEG) - a park in eastern Singapore. * West Coast Park (WCP) - a park in south-western Singapore.

Cemeteries

Cemeteries, present or past, are good nature areas because they are left undisturbed most of the time. *

Bidadari Cemetery Bidadari Cemetery ( Malay: ''Perkuburan Bidadari'', Chinese: 比达达利坟场) is a defunct cemetery in Singapore. It used to serve the Christian, Muslim, Hindu and Sinhalese communities, and accepted burials between 1907 and 1972. The site ...

- the former cemetery along Upper Aljunied Road * Bukit Brown Cemetery (BBC) - the former cemetery along Lornie Road *

Choa Chu Kang Cemetery Choa Chu Kang Cemetery Complex (or Chua Chu Kang Cemetery) ( Chinese: 蔡厝港坟场 Malay: ''Kawasan Perkuburan Choa Chu Kang'') is the biggest cemetery in Singapore. Located in the west of the island in close proximity to the Tengah Air Bas ...

(CCKC) - the cemeteries along Lim Chu Kang Road

Other locations

The other locations include reclaimed lands, woodlands and military grounds * Changi - the reclaimed land and coast at eastern Singapore * Neo Tiew Lane (NTL) - the area from Neo Tiew Lane 1 to 3, including Kranji Marshes, Turut Track *

Western Water Catchment The Western Water Catchment is a planning area located in the West Region of Singapore. The planning area borders Tuas and Pioneer to its south, Sungei Kadut, Choa Chu Kang and Tengah to its east, Jurong West to its southeast, Lim Chu Kang ...

(WWC) - the four reservoirs in western Singapore ( Tengeh, Poyan, Murai and Sarimbun) and surrounding forests *

Tuas Tuas is a planning area located within the West Region of Singapore. It is bounded by the Western Water Catchment to its north, Pioneer to its east and the Straits of Johor to its west. Tuas also shares a maritime boundary with the Western Isl ...

- the reclaimed land and coast at southwestern Singapore

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

Order: AnseriformesFamily:

Anatidae The Anatidae are the biological family of water birds that includes ducks, geese, and swans. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring on all the world's continents except Antarctica. These birds are adapted for swimming, floating ...

Anatidae includes the

duck Duck is the common name for numerous species of waterfowl in the family Anatidae. Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than swans and geese, which are members of the same family. Divided among several subfamilies, they are a form ...

s and most duck-like waterfowl, such as

geese A goose ( : geese) is a bird of any of several waterfowl species in the family Anatidae. This group comprises the genera '' Anser'' (the grey geese and white geese) and ''Branta'' (the black geese). Some other birds, mostly related to the she ...

and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating. *Wandering whistling duck (''

Dendrocygna arcuata The wandering whistling duck (''Dendrocygna arcuata'') is a species of whistling duck. They inhabit tropical and subtropical Australia, the Philippines, Borneo, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands. Taxonomy There are three subsp ...

'') - U/IRB - SBG, SBTB, WCP, ''Marina East, Marina South, P. Punggol'' *Lesser whistling duck ('' Dendrocygna javanica'') - U/RB - Halus, Jurong Central Park, Kranji Marsh, SBTB, SBG, SBWR, WCP, Yishun, ''P. Punggol, S. Serangoon'' *Cotton pygmy-goose ('' Nettapus coromandelianus'') - VR/NBV - CCNR, Halus, Kranji Marsh, SBTB, ''LSR, Poyan, WCP'' *Garganey ('' Spatula querquedula'') - R/WV - Changi, CCNR, Halus, Poyan, SBWR, Tuas, ''Marina South, Tanah Merah'' *Northern shoveler ('' Spatula clypeata'') - VR/WV - Changi, Halus, Poyan, SBWR (2008) *Gadwall ('' Mareca strepera'') - VR/V - ''Punggol (1989)'' *Eurasian wigeon ('' Mareca penelope'') - VR/V - Kranji Marsh (2018), ''SBWR (1986-7)'' *Northern pintail ('' Anas acuta'') - VR/WV - Poyan *Green-winged teal ('' Anas crecca'') - VR/V - ''S. Jurong (1978)'' *Tufted duck ('' Aythya fuligula'') - VR/V - ''Changi (1999)''

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

Order:

Galliformes Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl. Gallinaceous birds, as they are called, are important in their ecosystems as seed dispersers and predators, and are ofte ...

Family: Phasianidae The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings. *Blue-breasted quail ('' Synoicus chinensis'') - R/RB - Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBWR, Tuas *Red junglefowl (''

Gallus gallus The red junglefowl (''Gallus gallus'') is a tropical bird in the family Phasianidae. It ranges across much of Southeast Asia and parts of South Asia. It was formerly known as the Bankiva or Bankiva Fowl. It is the species that gave rise to the ...

'') - U/RB+IRB - RB: P. Ubin. IRB: Changi, East Coast, Fort Canning, Poyan, PRP, SBG, LNR, SBTB, SBWR, Sembawang Park, Tampines

Grebes

Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae

Grebe Grebes () are aquatic diving birds in the order Podicipediformes . Grebes are widely distributed freshwater birds, with some species also found in marine habitats during migration and winter. Some flightless species exist as well, most notably ...

s are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land. *Little grebe (''

Tachybaptus ruficollis The little grebe (''Tachybaptus ruficollis''), also known as dabchick, is a member of the grebe family of water birds. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''takhus'' "fast" and ''bapto'' "to sink under". The specific ''ruficollis'' is from Lati ...

'') - U/RB - Halus, P. Ubin, ''KRP, Kranji Marsh, P. Punggol, Punggol, Singapore Quarry, Tampines Quarry''

Pigeons and doves

Order:

Columbiformes Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Family:

Columbidae Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

Pigeon Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

s and

dove Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

s are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy

cere The beak, bill, or rostrum is an external anatomical structure found mostly in birds, but also in turtles, non-avian dinosaurs and a few mammals. A beak is used for eating, preening, manipulating objects, killing prey, fighting, probing for food ...

. *Rock pigeon (''

Columba livia The rock dove, rock pigeon, or common pigeon ( also ; ''Columba livia'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae (doves and pigeons). In common usage, it is often simply referred to as the "pigeon". The domestic pigeon (''Columba livia domes ...

'') - VC/IRB - urban areas *Oriental turtle-dove (''

Streptopelia orientalis The Oriental turtle dove or rufous turtle dove (''Streptopelia orientalis'') is a member of the bird family Columbidae. The species has a wide native distribution range from Europe, east across Asia to Japan. The populations show variations in th ...

'') - VR/V - Sisters' Is. (2018) *Red collared-dove ('' Streptopelia tranquebarica'') - C/IRB - Admiralty Park, Changi, Halus, NTL, PRP, P. Punggol, P. Ubin *Spotted dove ('' Spilopelia chinensis'') - VC/RB - urban areas *Asian emerald dove ('' Chalcophaps indica'') - U/RB - Admiralty Park, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin, SBWR *Zebra dove ('' Geopelia striata'') - C/RB - urban areas *Little green-pigeon ('' Treron olax'') - VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR *Pink-necked green-pigeon ('' Treron vernans'') - C/RB - woodlands *Cinnamon-headed green-pigeon ('' Treron fulvicollis'') - VR/NBV - CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, TEG *Orange-breasted green-pigeon ('' Treron bicinctus'') - VR/NBV - JLG *Ashy-headed green-pigeon ('' Treron phayrei'') - A *Thick-billed green-pigeon ('' Treron curvirostra'') - U/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Springleaf, St. John Is., Sentosa, ''Marina South'' *Jambu fruit-dove ('' Ptilinopus jambu'') - U/NBV - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, DFNP, JLG, Kranji Marsh, KRP, MFP, P. Punggol, SBG *Green imperial-pigeon (''

Ducula aenea The green imperial pigeon (''Ducula aenea'') is a large forest pigeon. The large range extends from Nepal, southern India and Sri Lanka eastwards to southern China, Indonesia and the Philippines. Taxonomy In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin J ...

'') - R/RB - BBNP, CBP, Halus, Loyang, PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong *Mountain imperial-pigeon ('' Ducula badia'') - VR/V - P. Ubin (2012, 2016-7) *Pied imperial-pigeon ('' Ducula bicolor'') - R/NBV, U/F - NBV: P. Salu, Singapore Strait, Southern Islands; F: BBNP, Bt Batok West, JLG, LNR, Poyan, PRP, Tuas, WCP

Cuckoos

Order:

Cuculiformes Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

Family:

Cuculidae Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separa ...

The family Cuculidae includes

cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separ ...

roadrunner The roadrunners (genus ''Geococcyx''), also known as chaparral birds or chaparral cocks, are two species of fast-running ground cuckoos with long tails and crests. They are found in the southwestern and south-central United States and Mexico, us ...

s and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites. *Greater coucal ('' Centropus sinensis'') - U/RB - woodlands: CCNR, Halus, Mandai, NTL, Poyan, PRP, SBG, SBWR, TBHP, Venus Dr *Lesser coucal ('' Centropus bengalensis'') - C/RB - grasslands *Chestnut-bellied malkoha ('' Phaenicophaeus sumatranus'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JEG, Mandai, Poyan, TBHP *Chestnut-winged cuckoo ('' Clamator coromandus'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, SBTB, Halus, JEG, JLG, Murai, Poyan, PRP, P. Punggol, Simpang, SBG, SBWR, TEG, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu, Marina South'' *Pied cuckoo ('' Clamator jacobinus'') - VR/V - Halus (2013-4, 2015) *Asian koel ('' Eudynamys scolopacea'') - C/RB - Islandwide (including offshore islands) *Asian emerald cuckoo ('' Chrysococcyx maculatus'') - VR/V - JLG (2021), P. Ubin (2021), Sentosa (2017-8), Ulu Pandan Park Connector (2020) *Violet cuckoo ('' Chrysococcyx xanthorhynchus'') - U/RBWV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JEG, Mandai, NTL, PRP, Poyan, P. Ubin, SBG, Simpang, Springleaf *Horsfield's bronze-cuckoo ('' Chrysococcyx basalis'') - R/WV - Changi Beach, CCKC, Halus, Kranji, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, Punggol, Sentosa, Tuas, ''Marina East'', ''Marina South'' *Little bronze-cuckoo ('' Chrysococcyx minutillus'') - U/RB - woodlands *Banded bay cuckoo ('' Cacomantis sonnerati'') - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Ubin, SBWR *Plaintive cuckoo ('' Cacomantis merulinus'') - U/RB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Poyan, PRP, Punggol, SBWR, Tampines, Tuas *Brush cuckoo (''

Cacomantis variolosus The brush cuckoo (''Cacomantis variolosus'') is a member of the cuckoo family. The brush cuckoo is native to Malesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and northern and eastern Australia. It is a grey-brown bird with a buff breast. Its call is a ...

'') - U/RB - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Coney Is., Halus, JLG, NTL, Poyan, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, ''Khatib Bongsu'' *Square-tailed drongo-cuckoo ('' Surniculus lugubris'') - U/RBWV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, Mandai, NTL, PRP, Poyan, SBG, SBWR *Large hawk-cuckoo ('' Hierococcyx sparverioides'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, JLG, P. Punggol, PRP, Sentosa, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu'' *Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo ('' Hierococcyx nisicolor'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, CCKC, Coney Is., JLG, Kusu Is., Mandai, PRP, Poyan, P. Punggol, Sembawang, Tuas *Malaysian hawk-cuckoo ('' Hierococcyx fugax'') - R/NBV - BAMKP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, JLG, Poyan, SBWR *Indian cuckoo ('' Cuculus micropterus'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, JLG, Mandai, MFP, NTL, Poyan, P. Punggol, SBG, SBWR, Sembawang, Sentosa, Tuas *Himalayan cuckoo ('' Cuculus saturatus'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, Coney Is., JLG, Tuas

Nightjars and allies

Order:

Caprimulgiformes Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...

Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjar Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills. They are sometimes called goatsuckers, due to the ancient folk tal ...

s are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves. *Malaysian eared-nightjar ('' Eurostopodus temminckii'') - VR/NBV - BBNP, CCNR *Gray nightjar ('' Caprimulgus jotaka'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, JLG, SBWR, TBHP *Large-tailed nightjar ('' Caprimulgus macrurus'') - C/RB - woodlands *Savanna nightjar ('' Caprimulgus affinis'') - U/RB - grasslands: Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Ubin, Punggol, Seletar East, TEG, Tuas

Swifts

Order:

Family:

Apodidae The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to any passerine species. Swifts are placed in the order Apodiformes with hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely ...

Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIFT, ...

s are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang. *Silver-rumped needletail ('' Rhaphidura leucopygialis'') - VR/NBV - CCNR, Changi, Poyan *White-throated needletail ('' Hirundapus caudacutus'') - VR/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Henderson Waves *Silver-backed needletail (''

Hirundapus cochinchinensis The silver-backed needletail (''Hirundapus cochinchinensis'') is a species of swift in the family Apodidae. It is found in Southeast Asia, Sumatra, Java and Taiwan. It is a vagrant to Christmas Island. Its natural habitat is subtropical or trop ...

'') - R/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Henderson Waves *Brown-backed needletail ('' Hirundapus giganteus'') - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Henderson Waves, Marina East, P. Ubin *Plume-toed swiftlet ('' Collocalia affinis'') - U/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR *Black-nest swiftlet ('' Aerodramus maxima'') - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands *Germain's swiftlet ('' Aerodramus germani'') - C/RB - islandwide, including offshore islands *Common swift ('' Apus apus'') - VR/V - CCNR, Henderson Waves *Pacific swift ('' Apus pacificus'') - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, KRP, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, Tuas *House swift ('' Apus nipalensis'') - U/RB - Buangkok, Changi, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, Henderson Waves, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Tuas *Asian palm-swift ('' Cypsiurus balasiensis'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Halus, KRP, Poyan, P. Ubin

Treeswifts

Order:

Family: Hemiprocnidae The treeswifts, also called crested swifts, are closely related to the true swifts. They differ from the other swifts in that they have crests, long forked tails and softer plumage. *Gray-rumped treeswift ('' Hemiprocne longipennis'') - C/RB - BAMKP, BBNP, Bidadari, CCNR, KRP, Mandai, SBG, TBHP *Whiskered treeswift ('' Hemiprocne comata'') - VR/NBV - BTNR, CCNR

Rails, gallinules and coots

Order:

Gruiformes The Gruiformes are an order containing a considerable number of living and extinct bird families, with a widespread geographical diversity. Gruiform means "crane-like". Traditionally, a number of wading and terrestrial bird families that did ...

Family:

Rallidae The rails, or Rallidae, are a large cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized, ground-living birds. The family exhibits considerable diversity and includes the crakes, coots, and gallinules. Many species are associated with wetlands, althou ...

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the

rails Rail or rails may refer to: Rail transport *Rail transport and related matters *Rail (rail transport) or railway lines, the running surface of a railway Arts and media Film * ''Rails'' (film), a 1929 Italian film by Mario Camerini * ''Rail'' ( ...

, crakes,

coot Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family, Rallidae. They constitute the genus ''Fulica'', the name being the Latin term for "coot". Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually ...

s and

gallinule Moorhens—sometimes called marsh hens—are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family (Rallidae). Most species are placed in the genus ''Gallinula'', Latin for "little hen". They are close relatives of coots. They are of ...

s. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers. *Slaty-breasted rail ('' Lewinia striata'') - U/RB - tall grass areas *Eurasian moorhen ('' Gallinula chloropus'') - U/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, Poyan, WCP, ''Marina South, P. Punggol, Serangoon'' *Eurasian coot (''

Fulica atra The Eurasian coot (''Fulica atra''), also known as the common coot, or Australian coot, is a member of the rail and crake bird family, the Rallidae. It is found in Europe, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and parts of North Africa. It has a slaty-bla ...

'') - VR/V - ''Poyan'' *Gray-headed swamphen ('' Porphyrio poliocephalus'') - R/RB - ''Halus, Kranji Marsh, Neo Tiew, Poyan, TEG'' *Watercock ('' Gallicrex cinerea'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong East, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, Poyan, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu'', ''Marina South'' *White-breasted waterhen (''

Amaurornis phoenicurus The white-breasted waterhen (''Amaurornis phoenicurus'') is a waterbird of the rail and crake family, Rallidae, that is widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia. They are dark slaty birds with a clean white face, breast and belly. They ...

'') - C/RBWV - islandwide *White-browed crake ('' Poliolimnas cinereus'') - U/RB - Halus, Kranji Marsh, SBWR, ''Punggol'' *Red-legged crake ('' Rallina fasciata'') - U/RBWV - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, MFP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR *Slaty-legged crake ('' Rallina eurizonoides'') - VR/WVPM - Admiralty Park, Bedok, Haig Road, Jurong Is., JLG, LPR, Sentosa, Punggol *Ruddy-breasted crake ('' Zapornia fusca'') - U/RBWV - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSR, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tampines, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Band-bellied crake ('' Zapornia paykullii'') - VR/PM - JLG (2011, 2014), SBG (2018) *Baillon's crake ('' Zapornia pusilla'') - R/WVPM - Bt. Batok, Halus, Marina East, NTL, SBTB, Tampines, Tuas, P. Punggol

Finfoots

Order:

Family: Heliornithidae Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots. *Masked finfoot ('' Heliopais personata'') - VR/V - SBWR (1999), USR (2002, 2010)

Thick-knees

Order:

Charadriiformes Charadriiformes (, from ''Charadrius'', the type genus of family Charadriidae) is a diverse order of small to medium-large birds. It includes about 390 species and has members in all parts of the world. Most charadriiform birds live near water an ...

Family: Burhinidae The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. *Beach thick-knee (''

Esacus magnirostris The beach stone-curlew (''Esacus magnirostris'') also known as beach thick-knee is a large, ground-dwelling bird that occurs in Australasia, the islands of South-east Asia. At and , it is one of the world's largest shorebirds. At a mean of in ...

'') - Ex/R - Southern Islands

Stilts and avocets

Order:

Family:

Recurvirostridae The Recurvirostridae are a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups of birds, the avocets (one genus) and the stilts (two genera). Description Avocets and stilts range in length from and in weight fro ...

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the

avocet The four species of avocets are a genus, ''Recurvirostra'', of waders in the same avian family as the stilts. The genus name comes from Latin , 'curved backwards' and , 'bill'. The common name is thought to derive from the Italian ( Ferrarese) ...

s and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills. *Black-winged stilt (''

Himantopus himantopus The black-winged stilt (''Himantopus himantopus'') is a widely distributed very long-legged wader in the avocet and stilt family (Recurvirostridae). The scientific name ''H. himantopus'' is sometimes applied to a single, almost cosmopolitan spec ...

'') - VR/WVPM+RB - WVPM: Changi, Kranji Marsh, LSD, SBWR, ''P. Punggol''. RB: P. Tekong (2019) *Pied stilt ('' Himantopus leucocephalus'') - VR/RB - P. Tekong (2019)

Plovers and lapwings

Order:

Family:

Charadriidae The bird family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels, and lapwings, about 64 to 68 species in all. Taxonomy The family Charadriidae was introduced (as Charadriadæ) by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the con ...

The family Charadriidae includes the

plover Plovers ( , ) are a widely distributed group of wading birds belonging to the subfamily Charadriinae. Description There are about 66 species in the subfamily, most of them called "plover" or "dotterel". The closely related lapwing subf ...

dotterel The Eurasian dotterel (''Charadrius morinellus''), also known in Europe as just dotterel, is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The dotterel is a brown and black streaked bird with a broad white eye-stripe and an orange-red chest ban ...

s and

lapwing Lapwings (subfamily Vanellinae) are any of various ground-nesting birds (family Charadriidae) akin to plovers and dotterels. They range from in length, and are noted for their slow, irregular wingbeats in flight and a shrill, wailing cry. A gro ...

s. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water. *Black-bellied plover ('' Pluvialis squatarola'') - U/WVPM - Changi, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Pacific golden-plover (''

Pluvialis fulva '' Pluvialis '' is a genus of plovers, a group of wading birds comprising four species that breed in the temperate or Arctic Northern Hemisphere. In breeding plumage, they all have largely black underparts, and golden or silvery upperparts. Th ...

'') - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats, open areas *Gray-headed lapwing ('' Vanellus cinereus'') - VR/V - Kranji, Marina East, NTL, SBG, SBWR, Tuas *Red-wattled lapwing ('' Vanellus indicus'') - U/RB - Bt. Batok West, Changi, Kranji, Marina East, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, Sarimbun, Tuas, Warren *Masked lapwing ('' Vanellus miles'') - U/F - Mandai, Marine East, Seletar West, Tanjong Rhu *Lesser sand-plover (''

Charadrius mongolus The Siberian sand plover (''Charadrius mongolus'') is a small wader in the plover family of birds. The International Ornithologists' Union split the Tibetan sand plover from the lesser sand plover and changed its vernacular name to Siberian san ...

'') - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Greater sand-plover ('' Charadrius leschenaultii'') - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Marina East, SBWR *Malaysian plover ('' Charadrius peronii'') - U/RB - Changi, Halus, LSD, Marina East, P. Semakau, Tuas *Kentish plover ('' Charadrius alexandrinus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina East, Tuas *White-faced plover ('' Charadrius dealbatus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Marina East *Javan plover ('' Charadrius javanicus'') - VR/NBV - Marina East, P. Tekong *Common ringed plover ('' Charadrius hiaticula'') - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR *Little ringed plover ('' Charadrius dubius'') - U/WVPM - open areas, rivers, coasts *Oriental plover ('' Charadrius veredus'') - VR/PM - Changi, LSD, Tuas

Painted-snipes

Order:

Family: Rostratulidae Painted-snipes are short-legged, long-billed birds similar in shape to the true snipes, but more brightly coloured. *Greater painted-snipe ('' Rostratula benghalensis'') - R/RB - Halus, Jurong Central Park, Jurong West, Kranji Marsh, Marina East, Pasir Ris Farmway, Punggol, Tuas, SBG

Jacanas

Order:

Family: Jacanidae The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found throughout the tropics. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat. *Pheasant-tailed jacana ('' Hydrophasianus chirurgus'') - VR/WV - Halus, HNP (Hindhede Quarry), Marina East, NTL (Kranji Marshes), SBTB, SBWR

Sandpipers and allies

Order:

Family:

Scolopacidae Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. ...

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the

sandpiper Sandpipers are a large family, Scolopacidae, of waders. They include many species called sandpipers, as well as those called by names such as curlew and snipe. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil ...

curlew The curlews () are a group of nine species of birds in the genus ''Numenius'', characterised by their long, slender, downcurved bills and mottled brown plumage. The English name is imitative of the Eurasian curlew's call, but may have been in ...

godwit The godwits are a group of large, long-billed, long-legged and strongly migratory waders of the bird genus ''Limosa''. Their long bills allow them to probe deeply in the sand for aquatic worms and molluscs. In their winter range, they floc ...

s, shanks, tattlers,

woodcock The woodcocks are a group of seven or eight very similar living species of wading birds in the genus ''Scolopax''. The genus name is Latin for a snipe or woodcock, and until around 1800 was used to refer to a variety of waders. The English name ...

snipe A snipe is any of about 26 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. They are characterized by a very long, slender bill, eyes placed high on the head, and cryptic/ camouflaging plumage. The ''Gallinago'' snipes have a ...

dowitcher The three dowitchers are medium-sized long-billed wading birds in the genus ''Limnodromus''. The English name "dowitchers" is from Iroquois, recorded in English by the 1830s. The OED's earliest example is from 1841, but full-text searching giv ...

s and

phalarope __NOTOC__ A phalarope is any of three living species of slender-necked shorebirds in the genus ''Phalaropus'' of the bird family Scolopacidae. Phalaropes are close relatives of the shanks and tattlers, the ''Actitis'' and Terek sandpipers, a ...

s. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food. *Eurasian Whimbrel ('' Numenius phaeopus'') - C/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Little curlew ('' Numenius minutus'') - VR/V - Tuas (1997) *Far Eastern curlew ('' Numenius madagascariensis'') - VR/PM - Changi, SBWR *Eurasian curlew (''

Numenius arquata The Eurasian curlew or common curlew (''Numenius arquata'') is a very large wader in the family Scolopacidae. It is one of the most widespread of the curlews, breeding across temperate Europe and Asia. In Europe, this species is often referred t ...

'') - R/WVPM - Changi, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas *Bar-tailed godwit ('' Limosa lapponica'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR *Black-tailed godwit (''

Limosa limosa The black-tailed godwit (''Limosa limosa'') is a large, long-legged, long-billed shorebird first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. It is a member of the godwit genus, '' Limosa''. There are four subspecies, all with orange head, neck and chest ...

'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Ruddy turnstone ('' Arenaria interpres'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, SBWR *Great knot (''

Calidris tenuirostris __NOTOC__ The great knot (''Calidris tenuirostris'') is a small wader. It is the largest of the calidrid species. The genus name is from Ancient Greek ''kalidris'' or ''skalidris'', a term used by Aristotle for some grey-coloured waterside bird ...

'') - R/PM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Red knot ('' Calidris canutus'') - VR/WV - SBWR *Ruff ('' Calidris pugnax'') - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR *Broad-billed sandpiper ('' Calidris falcinellus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Sharp-tailed sandpiper ('' Calidris acuminata'') - R/V - Changi *Curlew sandpiper ('' Calidris ferruginea'') - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, SBWR *Temminck's stint ('' Calidris temminckii'') - VR/PM *Long-toed stint ('' Calidris subminuta'') - R/WVPM - Changi, NTL, Pulau Punggol, SBWR, Tuas *Spoon-billed sandpiper ('' Calidris pygmeus'') - VR/WV - Changi *Red-necked stint ('' Calidris ruficollis'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, SBWR *Sanderling ('' Calidris alba'') - U/WV - Changi, LSD, P. Tekong, SBWR *Dunlin (''

Calidris alpina The dunlin (''Calidris alpina'') is a small wader, formerly sometimes separated with the other "stints" in the genus ''Erolia''. The English name is a dialect form of "dunling", first recorded in 1531–1532. It derives from ''dun'', "dull brown ...

'') - VR/PM - Changi *Little stint ('' Calidris minuta'') - VR/PM - P. Ubin (2017) *Pectoral sandpiper ('' Calidris melanotos'') - R/V - Changi *Asian dowitcher ('' Limnodromus semipalmatus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, P. Ubin, SBWR *Eurasian woodcock ('' Scolopax rusticola'') - VR/V *Common snipe (''

Gallinago gallinago The common snipe (''Gallinago gallinago'') is a small, stocky wader native to the Old World. The breeding habitats are marshes, bogs, tundra and wet meadows throughout the Palearctic. In the north, the distribution limit extends from Iceland ov ...

'') - U/WV - Changi, JLG, Halus, Poyan, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive, Khatib Bongsu, P. Punggol, Punggol *Pin-tailed snipe ('' Gallinago stenura'') - U/WV - Changi, CCKC, Halus, JLG, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas, Warren *Swinhoe's snipe ('' Gallinago megala'') - R/WV - Changi, Jurong West, Punggol, NTL *Terek sandpiper ('' Xenus cinereus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Red-necked phalarope (''

Phalaropus lobatus The red-necked phalarope (''Phalaropus lobatus''), also known as the northern phalarope and hyperborean phalarope, is a small wader. This phalarope breeds in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia. It is migratory, and, unusually for a ...

'') - VR/WV - P. Tekong, Singapore Strait *Common sandpiper ('' Actitis hypoleucos'') - VC/WVPM - waterbodies *Green sandpiper ('' Tringa ochropus'') - VR/WV - CCK, NTL, SBWR *Gray-tailed tattler ('' Tringa brevipes'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, SBWR *Spotted redshank ('' Tringa erythropus'') - VR/WV - Punggol, SBWR *Common greenshank ('' Tringa nebularia'') - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Nordmann's greenshank ('' Tringa guttifer'') - VR/WV - Changi, SBWR *Marsh sandpiper (''

Tringa stagnatilis The marsh sandpiper (''Tringa stagnatilis'') is a small wader. It is a rather small shank, and breeds in open grassy steppe and taiga wetlands from easternmost Europe to the Russian Far East. The genus name ''Tringa'' is the New Latin name give ...

'') - U/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats *Wood sandpiper ('' Tringa glareola'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, SBWR, Tuas *Common redshank ('' Tringa totanus'') - VC/WVPM - rivers, coasts, mudflats

Buttonquail

Order:

Family:

Turnicidae Buttonquail or hemipodes are members of a small family of birds, Turnicidae, which resemble, but are unrelated to, the quails of Phasianidae. They inhabit warm grasslands in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Australia. There are 18 species in two genera ...

The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young. *Barred buttonquail ('' Turnix suscitator'') - U/RB - Changi, Coney Is., Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, TEG, Tuas

Pratincoles and coursers

Order:

Family:

Glareolidae Glareolidae is a family of birds in the wader suborder Charadrii. It contains two distinct groups, the pratincoles and the coursers. The atypical Egyptian plover (''Pluvianus aegyptius''), traditionally placed in this family, is now known to ...

Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the

pratincole The pratincoles or greywaders are a group of birds which together with the coursers make up the family Glareolidae. They have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Description Their most unusual feature for birds classed a ...

s, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the

courser The coursers are a group of birds which together with the pratincoles make up the family Glareolidae. They have long legs, short wings and long pointed bills which curve downwards. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that ...

s, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards. *Oriental pratincole ('' Glareola maldivarum'') - U/PM - CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, Kranji Marsh, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, Tuas *Small pratincole ('' Glareola lactea'') - VR/PM - ''Changi, P. Punggol''

Skuas and jaegers

Order:

Family: Stercorariidae The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants. *Pomarine jaeger ('' Stercorarius pomarinus'') - R/WV - Singapore Strait *Parasitic jaeger ('' Stercorarius parasiticus'') - R/WV - P. Punggol, Singapore Strait *Long-tailed jaeger ('' Stercorarius longicaudus'') - R/WV - Singapore Strait

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

Order:

Family:

Laridae Laridae is a family of seabirds in the order Charadriiformes that includes the gulls, terns, skimmers and kittiwakes. It includes around 100 species arranged into 22 genera. They are an adaptable group of mostly aerial birds found worldwide. ...

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the

gull Gulls, or colloquially seagulls, are seabirds of the family Laridae in the suborder Lari. They are most closely related to the terns and skimmers and only distantly related to auks, and even more distantly to waders. Until the 21st century ...

tern Terns are seabirds in the family Laridae that have a worldwide distribution and are normally found near the sea, rivers, or wetlands. Terns are treated as a subgroup of the family Laridae which includes gulls and skimmers and consists of e ...

s, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. *Black-headed gull (''

Chroicocephalus ridibundus The black-headed gull (''Chroicocephalus ridibundus'') is a small gull that breeds in much of the Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada. Most of the population is migratory and winters further south, but some birds res ...

'') - R/WV - LSD, Mandai Mudflat, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait *Brown-headed gull ('' Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus'') - VR/V - Johor Strait, Kranji *Lesser black-backed gull ('' Larus fuscus'') - VR/V - Singapore Strait (2011) *Bridled tern ('' Onychoprion anaethetus'') - U/RB, C/PM - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait *Aleutian tern ('' Onychoprion aleuticus'') - U/WV - Singapore Strait *Little tern ('' Sternula albifrons'') - C/RBWV - inland (nest), rivers, coasts, seas *Gull-billed tern ('' Gelochelidon nilotica'') - R/WVPM - Changi, Mandai Mudflat, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, Singapore Strait *Caspian tern ('' Hydroprogne caspia'') - R/WV - Mandai Mudflat *White-winged tern (''

Chlidonias leucopterus The white-winged tern, or white-winged black tern (''Chlidonias leucopterus'' or ''Chlidonias leucoptera''), is a species of tern in the family Laridae. It is a small species generally found in or near bodies of fresh water across much of the wor ...

'') - U/WVPM - rivers, coasts, seas *Whiskered tern ('' Chlidonias hybrida'') - R/WVPM - Halus, Johor Strait, JLG, Kranji Dam, Serangoon, Singapore Strait *Roseate tern ('' Sterna dougallii'') - VR/V - Pedra Branca *Black-naped tern ('' Sterna sumatrana'') - U/RB - Changi, Johor Strait, Pedra Branca, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait *Common tern ('' Sterna hirundo'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, Mandai Mudflat, Singapore Strait *Great crested tern ('' Thalasseus bergii'') - C/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Singapore Strait *Lesser crested tern ('' Thalasseus bengalensis'') - U/WV - Changi, Johor Strait, Mandai Mudflat, Pedra Branca, P. Ubin, Punggol, Singapore Strait

Tropicbirds

Order:

Phaethontiformes The Phaethontiformes are an order of birds. They contain one extant family, the tropicbirds (Phaethontidae), and one extinct family Prophaethontidae from the early Cenozoic. Several fossil genera have been described. The tropicbirds were tradit ...

Family:

Phaethontidae Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most ...

Tropicbird Tropicbirds are a family, Phaethontidae, of tropical pelagic seabirds. They are the sole living representatives of the order Phaethontiformes. For many years they were considered part of the Pelecaniformes, but genetics indicates they are most cl ...

s are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings. *White-tailed tropicbird ('' Phaethon lepturus'') - VR/V - Tuas (2015) *Red-billed tropicbird ('' Phaethon rubricauda'') - VR/V - ''S. Serangoon (1986)''

Northern storm-petrels

Order:

Procellariiformes Procellariiformes is an order (biology), order of seabirds that comprises four family (biology), families: the albatrosses, the Procellariidae, petrels and shearwaters, and two families of storm petrels. Formerly called Tubinares and still call ...

Family:

Hydrobatidae Northern storm petrels are seabirds in the genus ''Hydrobates'' in the family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. The family was once lumped with the similar austral storm petrels in the combined storm petrels, but have been split ...

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family. *Swinhoe's storm-petrel ('' Hydrobates monorhis'') - C/PM - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait

Shearwaters and petrels

Order:

Family:

Procellariidae The family Procellariidae is a group of seabirds that comprises the fulmarine petrels, the gadfly petrels, the diving petrels, the prions, and the shearwaters. This family is part of the bird order Procellariiformes (or tubenoses), which als ...

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. *Bulwer's petrel ('' Bulweria bulwerii'') - R/PM - Singapore Strait *Streaked shearwater ('' Calonectris leucomelas'') - A *Short-tailed shearwater ('' Ardenna tenuirostris'') - U/PM - Singapore Strait *Wedge-tailed shearwater ('' Ardenna pacifica'') - VR/V - BAMKP (2021)

Storks

Order:

Ciconiiformes Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family called Ciconiidae, and make up the order Ciconiiformes . Ciconiiformes previously included a number of other families, such as herons a ...

Family: Ciconiidae Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory. *Asian openbill ('' Anastomus oscitans'') - U/WV - NTL/P. Punggol/Seletar West (2013), SBWR (2019), island-wide (Dec 2019) *Lesser adjutant (''

Leptoptilos javanicus The lesser adjutant (''Leptoptilos javanicus'') is a large wading bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Like other members of its genus, it has a bare neck and head. It is however more closely associated with wetland habitats where it is solitary ...

'') - Ex/RB, R/NBV - Kranji Marsh, P. Ubin, SBWR, WWC *Milky stork ('' Mycteria cinerea'') - U/F - Admiralty Park, JLG, SBWR *Painted stork ('' Mycteria leucocephala'') - U/F - Admiralty Park, JLG, SBWR

Frigatebirds

Order:

Suliformes The order Suliformes (, dubbed "Phalacrocoraciformes" by ''Christidis & Boles 2008'') is an order recognised by the International Ornithologist's Union. In regard to the recent evidence that the traditional Pelecaniformes is polyphyletic, it has ...

Family:

Fregatidae Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked ...

Frigatebird Frigatebirds are a family of seabirds called Fregatidae which are found across all tropical and subtropical oceans. The five extant species are classified in a single genus, ''Fregata''. All have predominantly black plumage, long, deeply forked ...

s are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black-and-white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week. *Lesser frigatebird (''

Fregata ariel The lesser frigatebird (''Fregata ariel'') is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae. At around 75 cm (30 in) in length, it is the smallest species of frigatebird. It occurs over tropical and subtropical waters across the Indian ...

'') - VR/NBV - Pedra Branca, Singapore Strait *Christmas Island frigatebird (''

Fregata andrewsi The Christmas frigatebird (''Fregata andrewsi''), or Christmas Island frigatebird, is a seabird of the frigatebird family Fregatidae which is an endemic breeder to Christmas Island in the Indian Ocean. The Christmas frigatebird is a large light ...

'') - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, Singapore Strait, SBWR

Boobies and gannets

Order:

Family:

Sulidae The bird family Sulidae comprises the gannets and boobies. Collectively called sulids, they are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish and similar prey. The 10 species in this family are often considered congeneric in older ...

The sulids comprise the

gannet Gannets are seabirds comprising the genus ''Morus'' in the family Sulidae, closely related to boobies. Gannets are large white birds with yellowish heads; black-tipped wings; and long bills. Northern gannets are the largest seabirds in the ...

s and

boobies A booby is a seabird in the genus ''Sula'', part of the family Sulidae. Boobies are closely related to the gannets (''Morus''), which were formerly included in ''Sula''. Systematics and evolution The genus ''Sula'' was introduced by the Fren ...

. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish. *Brown booby (''

Sula leucogaster The brown booby (''Sula leucogaster'') is a large seabird of the booby family Sulidae, of which it is perhaps the most common and widespread species. It has a pantropical range, which overlaps with that of other booby species. The gregarious brow ...

'') - VR/V - Pedra Branca, SBWR (2016), Singapore Strait *Red-footed booby ('' Sula sula'') - VR/V - CCKC (2011), Singapore Strait (2012, 2016), St. John Is. (2019), Marina East (2017, carcass)

Anhingas

Order:

Family: Anhingidae Anhingas or darters are often called "snake-birds" because of their long thin neck, which gives a snake-like appearance when they swim with their bodies submerged. The males have black and dark-brown plumage, an erectile crest on the nape and a larger bill than the female. The females have much paler plumage especially on the neck and underparts. The darters have completely webbed feet and their legs are short and set far back on the body. Their plumage is somewhat permeable, like that of cormorants, and they spread their wings to dry after diving. *Oriental darter (''

Anhinga melanogaster The Oriental darter (''Anhinga melanogaster'') is a water bird of tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a long and slender neck with a straight, pointed bill and, like the cormorant, it hunts for fish while its body is submerged in water ...

'') - R/NBV - Bukit Gombak, Hindhede Quarry, Kranji, P. Ubin, Singapore Quarry

Cormorants and shags

Order:

Family:

Phalacrocoracidae Phalacrocoracidae is a family of approximately 40 species of aquatic birds commonly known as cormorants and shags. Several different classifications of the family have been proposed, but in 2021 the IOC adopted a consensus taxonomy of seven gen ...

Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful. *Great cormorant (''

Phalacrocorax carbo The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), known as the black shag in New Zealand and formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and the large cormorant in India, is a w ...

'') - U/F - Changi, JLG, Johor Strait, Kranji Dam, Mandai Mudflat, Tuas

Pelicans

Order:

Pelecaniformes The Pelecaniformes are an order of medium-sized and large waterbirds found worldwide. As traditionally—but erroneously—defined, they encompass all birds that have feet with all four toes webbed. Hence, they were formerly also known by such n ...

Family:

Pelecanidae The Pelecanidae is a family of pelecaniform birds within the Pelecani that contains two genera: the extinct ''Eopelecanus'' and the extant '' Pelecanus''. The family was monotypic until the description of ''Eopelecanus'' in 2021. Pelecanids ha ...

Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes. *Spot-billed pelican ('' Pelecanus philippensis'') - R/F - Kranji, NTL, P. Ubin, Seletar, SBWR

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

Von Schrenck's Bittern (Ixobrychus eurhythmus), Central Catchment Nature Reserve, Singapore - 20140327

Order:

Family:

Ardeidae The herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons. Members of the genera ''Botaurus'' and ''Ixobrychu ...

The family Ardeidae contains the

bittern Bitterns are birds belonging to the subfamily Botaurinae of the heron family Ardeidae. Bitterns tend to be shorter-necked and more secretive than other members of the family. They were called ''hæferblæte'' in Old English; the word "bittern ...

s, herons and

egret Egrets ( ) are herons, generally long-legged wading birds, that have white or buff plumage, developing fine plumes (usually milky white) during the breeding season. Egrets are not a biologically distinct group from herons and have the same build ...

s. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills. *Yellow bittern ('' Ixobrychus sinensis'') - C/RBWV - reeds *Schrenck's bittern ('' Ixobrychus eurhythmus'') - R/WV - CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, Jurong West, PRP, Punggol, Sengkang, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas, Venus Drive *Cinnamon bittern ('' Ixobrychus cinnamomeus'') - U/RBWV - Bidadari, CCKC, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Tuas, ''Jurong West, P. Punggol, Seletar West'' *Black bittern ('' Ixobrychus flavicollis'') - U/WVPM - BAMKP, CCNR, DFNP, Hindhede Quarry, JEG, JLG, Halus, PRP, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, SBWR, Tuas *Gray heron ('' Ardea cinerea'') - C/RB - waterbodies *Great-billed heron ('' Ardea sumatrana'') - U/RB - Changi, Coney Is., Jurong Is., JLG, LNR, LSD, KRP, Poyan, P. Hantu, P. Jong, P. Punggol, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBWR, WCP, Tuas *Purple heron ('' Ardea purpurea'') - C/RB - grassfields, waterbodies *Great egret ('' Ardea alba'') - C/WV - waterbodies *Intermediate egret ('' Ardea intermedia'') - C/WV - grassfields, waterbodies *Chinese egret ('' Egretta eulophotes'') - R/WV - Changi, PRP, P. Ubin, SBWR, ''S. Serangoon'' *Little egret ('' Egretta garzetta'') - C/WV - waterbodies *Pacific reef-heron ('' Egretta sacra'') - U/R - Changi, LSD, Marina Barrage, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Ubin, PRP, Siglap Canal, SBWR, WCP, ''S. Punggol, S. Serangoon'' *Cattle egret (''

Bubulcus ibis The western cattle egret (''Bubulcus ibis'') is a species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones. Most taxonomic authorities lump this species and the eastern cattle egret together (called the catt ...

'') - C/WV - grassfields *Indian pond-heron ('' Ardeola grayii'') - VR/V - Bidadari (2015, 2016), Pasir Ris Farmway (2012, 2016), ''Senoko (1994)'' *Chinese pond-heron ('' Ardeola bacchus'') - C/WV - Changi, Halus, JLG, LNR, Poyan, SBWR, ''Marina South'' *Javan pond-heron ('' Ardeola speciosa'') - U/WV - Pasir Ris Farmway, SBWR, ''S. Serangoon'' *Striated heron ('' Butorides striatus'') - C/RBWV - waterbodies *Black-crowned night-heron (''

Nycticorax nycticorax The black-crowned night heron (''Nycticorax nycticorax''), or black-capped night heron, commonly shortened to just night heron in Eurasia, is a medium-sized heron found throughout a large part of the world, including parts of Europe, Asia, and N ...

'') - U/RB - waterbodies *Malayan night-heron ('' Gorsachius melanolophus'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Halus, JLG, NTL, SBG, Tuas

Ibises and spoonbills

Order:

Family:

Threskiornithidae The family Threskiornithidae includes 36 species of large wading birds. The family has been traditionally classified into two subfamilies, the ibises and the spoonbills; however recent genetic studies have cast doubt on this arrangement, and ha ...

Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the

ibis The ibises () (collective plural ibis; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains. "Ibis" derives from the Latin and Ancient Greek word ...

es and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers. *Glossy ibis (''

Plegadis falcinellus The glossy ibis (''Plegadis falcinellus'') is a water bird in the order Pelecaniformes and the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The scientific name derives from Ancient Greek ''plegados'' and Latin, ''falcis'', both meaning "sickle" a ...

'') - VR/V - Halus (1984), Kranji Dam (2019), Sime Road (1992, 2007), SBWR (1989)

Osprey

Order:

Accipitriformes The Accipitriformes (; from Latin ''accipiter''/''accipitri-'' "hawk", and New Latin ''-formes'' "having the form of") are an order of birds that includes most of the diurnal birds of prey, including hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites, but not f ...

Family: Pandionidae The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large

raptor Raptor or RAPTOR may refer to: Animals The word "raptor" refers to several groups of bird-like dinosaurs which primarily capture and subdue/kill prey with their talons. * Raptor (bird) or bird of prey, a bird that primarily hunts and feeds on ...

which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution. *Osprey (''

Pandion haliaetus The osprey (''Pandion haliaetus''), , also called sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range. It is a large raptor reaching more than in length and across the wings. It is brown o ...

'') - U/NBV - Changi, DFNP, Halus, Henderson Waves, Kranji, Mandai Mudflat, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sembawang Park, S. Punggol, S. Serangoon

Hawks, eagles, and kites

Order:

Family:

Accipitridae The Accipitridae is one of the three families within the order Accipitriformes, and is a family of small to large birds with strongly hooked bills and variable morphology based on diet. They feed on a range of prey items from insects to medium-s ...

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks,

eagle Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae. Eagles belong to several groups of genera, some of which are closely related. Most of the 68 species of eagle are from Eurasia and Africa. Outside this area, j ...

kites A kite is a tethered heavier-than-air or lighter-than-air craft with wing surfaces that react against the air to create lift and drag forces. A kite consists of wings, tethers and anchors. Kites often have a bridle and tail to guide the face ...

, harriers and

Old World vulture Old World vultures are vultures that are found in the Old World, i.e. the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and which belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks. Old World vultures are not cl ...

s. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. *Black-winged kite ('' Elanus caeruleus'') - C/RB - grasslands *Oriental honey-buzzard ('' Pernis ptilorhyncus'') - orientalis: C/WVPM, torquatus: U/NBV - WVPM: islandwide. NBV: Bidadari, CCNR, Poyan, PRP, Tampines, TBHP, Toa Payoh, USR, Warren *Jerdon's baza ('' Aviceda jerdoni'') - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, Bidadari, BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Clementi, DFNP, Halus, JLG, PRP, Poyan, Springleaf, TEG, ''Marina South'' *Black baza ('' Aviceda leuphotes'') - C/WVPM - islandwide *Cinereous vulture (''

Aegypius monachus The cinereous vulture (''Aegypius monachus'') is a large raptor in the family Accipitridae and distributed through much of temperate Eurasia. It is also known as the black vulture, monk vulture and Eurasian black vulture. With a body length of , ...

'') - VR/V - SBG (2021) *Himalayan griffon ('' Gyps himalayensis'') - R/V - AMK, BTNR, Changi, Orchard Road, Simpang, SBG, SBWR, Toa Payoh, Tuas, Telok Ayer *Crested serpent-eagle (''

Spilornis cheela The crested serpent eagle (''Spilornis cheela'') is a medium-sized bird of prey that is found in forested habitats across tropical Asia. Within its widespread range across the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and East Asia, there are considera ...

'') - R/R - BTNR, CCNR, Goldhill Avenue, JLG, Malcolm Park, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, Sembawang Park, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR *Short-toed snake-eagle ('' Circaetus gallicus'') - VR/PM - CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, JLG, Halus, NTL, SBWR, Tuas *Bat hawk ('' Macheiramphus alcinus'') - VR/NBV - MacRitchie, P. Ubin *Changeable hawk-eagle ('' Nisaetus cirrhatus'') - U/RB - forests, woodlands *Rufous-bellied eagle (''

Hieraaetus kienerii The rufous-bellied eagle or rufous-bellied hawk-eagle (''Lophotriorchis kienerii'') is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae that is found in the forested regions of tropical Asia. Relatively small for eagles and contrastingly patterned like ...

'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, Halus, Pang Sua, SBG, SBWR, Swiss Club Road *Greater spotted eagle ('' Clanga clanga'') - VR/WV - Changi, Henderson Waves, Murai, NTL, P. Punggol, SBG, Tuas *Booted eagle (''

Hieraaetus pennatus The booted eagle (''Hieraaetus pennatus'', also classified as ''Aquila pennata'') is a medium-sized mostly migratory bird of prey with a wide distribution in the Palearctic and southern Asia, wintering in the tropics of Africa and Asia, with a ...

'') - U/WV - Bidadari, Bukit Panjang, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Poyan, Punggol, P. Punggol, Tuas *Steppe eagle ('' Aquila nipalensis'') - VR/V - Changi, Pasir Ris, Halus, Tuas, ''Punggol, S. Serangoon'' *Imperial eagle ('' Aquila heliaca'') - VR/V - Changi, P. Ubin (2016-7), ''Punggol'' *Gray-faced buzzard ('' Butastur indicus'') - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, P. Ubin, SBWR, Tuas *Eastern marsh-harrier ('' Circus spilonotus'') - U/WV - Changi, Henderson Waves, NTL, Poyan, P. Semakau, Sengkang, SBWR, Tuas *Hen harrier (''

Circus cyaneus The hen harrier (''Circus cyaneus'') is a bird of prey. It breeds in Eurasia. The term "hen harrier" refers to its former habit of preying on free-ranging fowl. It migrates to more southerly areas in winter. Eurasian birds move to southern Eur ...

'') - VR/WV - ''Halus, Poyan'' *Pied harrier ('' Circus melanoleucos'') - R/WV - Changi, NTL, P. Punggol, SBWR, TBHP, Tuas *Crested goshawk ('' Accipiter trivirgatus'') - U/RB - AMK TGW, BAMKP, Bedok, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Goldhill Ave, JLG, Kranji Dam, NTL, PRP, Punggol, P. Ubin, SBG, SBTB, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Southern Ridges, Zoo *Shikra ('' Accipiter badius'') - VR/V - CCNR (2019), Changi (2012) *Chinese sparrowhawk ('' Accipiter soloensis'') - U/WVPM - AMK TGW, CCNR, Changi, Coney Is., JLG, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Southern Ridges, Tuas, WCP *Japanese sparrowhawk ('' Accipiter gularis'') - C/WVPM - islandwide *Besra ('' Accipiter virgatus'') - R/PM - Changi, Henderson Waves, Tuas *Eurasian sparrowhawk ('' Accipiter nisus'') - VR/V - Henderson Waves (2016, 2017), TBHP (2018), Tuas (2010) *Black kite ('' Milvus migrans'') - U/WV - BBNP, CCNR, Changi, Jurong West, NTL, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Seletar Camp, SBWR, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Brahminy kite ('' Haliastur indus'') - C/RB - islandwide *White-bellied sea-eagle (''

Haliaeetus leucogaster The white-bellied sea eagle (''Haliaeetus leucogaster''), also known as the white-breasted sea eagle, is a large diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. Originally described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1788, it is closely related t ...

'') - C/RB - islandwide near water *Gray-headed fish-eagle ('' Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus'') - U/RB - CCNR, Changi, JLG, Little Guilin, LSR, NTL, Poyan, Seletar Camp, SBG, Springleaf, SBWR, Tampines *Common buzzard ('' Buteo buteo'') *Himalayan buzzard ('' Buteo refectus'') - A *Eastern buzzard ('' Buteo japonicus'') - U/WV - Airport Road, Bidadari, BBNP, Changi, Halus, Henderson Waves, Holland Road, JLG, KRP, Seletar West, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Tuas *Long-legged buzzard (''

Buteo rufinus The long-legged buzzard (''Buteo rufinus'') is a bird of prey found widely in several parts of Eurasia and in North Africa. This species ranges from Southeastern Europe down to East Africa to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. The long ...

'') - A *Golden eagle (''

Aquila chrysaetos The golden eagle (''Aquila chrysaetos'') is a bird of prey living in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the most widely distributed species of eagle. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. They are one of the best-known birds of ...

'') - A - Pasir ris, Central Catchment Nature Reserve

Barn owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Tytonidae Barn-owls (family Tytonidae) are one of the two families of owls, the other being the true owls or typical owls, Strigidae. They are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs wit ...

Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons. *Barn owl ('' Tyto alba'') - U/RB - Changi, Halus, Istana, JLG, Kranji Dam, Marina Barrage, Sentosa, Tanjong Rhu, Toa Payoh, Tuas

Owls

Order: StrigiformesFamily:

Strigidae The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...

The

typical owl The true owls or typical owls (family Strigidae) are one of the two generally accepted families of owls, the other being the barn owls (Tytonidae). This large family comprises 230 living or recently extinct species in 24 genera. The typical owl ...

s are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk. *Sunda scops-owl ('' Otus lempiji'') - C/RB - Alexandra Hill, BBC, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, HNP, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, Sentosa *Oriental scops-owl ('' Otus sunia'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCKP, CCNR, DFNP, Fort Canning, Kent Road, KRP, Mimosa Walk, MFP, P. Ubin, Seletar Country Club, SBWR *Barred eagle-owl (''

Bubo sumatranus The barred eagle-owl (''Bubo sumatranus''), also called the Malay eagle-owl, is a species of eagle owl in the family Strigidae. It is a member of the large genus '' Bubo'' which is distributed on most of the world's continents. This relatively ...

'') - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Ubin *Brown fish-owl ('' Ketupa zeylonensis'') - A *Buffy fish-owl ('' Ketupa ketupu'') - U/RB - CCNR, JEG, NTL, Poyan, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa *Spotted wood-owl ('' Strix seloputo'') - U/RB - Bidadari, Chinatown, City, Dover Road, JLG, PRP, P. Ubin, Poyan, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, TBHP, Toa Payoh *Brown wood-owl (''

Strix leptogrammica The brown wood owl (''Strix leptogrammica'') is found in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Taiwan, and south China. The brown wood owl is a resident breeder in south Asia. This species is a part of the family of owls known as typical ow ...

'') - VR/RB - CCNR, P. Ubin *Long-eared owl (''

Asio otus The long-eared owl (''Asio otus''), also known as the northern long-eared owlOlsen, P.D. & Marks, J.S. (2019). ''Northern Long-eared Owl (Asio otus)''. In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook o ...

'') - VR/V - Marina East (2021) *Short-eared owl ('' Asio flammeus'') - VR/V - Changi, ''Marina East'' *Brown boobook ('' Ninox scutulata'') - C/RBWV - BTNR, CCNR, HNP, JLG, P. Ubin, Sentosa *Northern boobook ('' Ninox japonica'') - R/PMWV - DFNP, PRP, SBTB, Tuas

Hornbills

Order:

Bucerotiformes Bucerotiformes is an order of birds that contains the hornbills, ground hornbills, hoopoes and wood hoopoes. These birds were previously classified as members of Coraciiformes. The clade is distributed in Africa, Asia, Europe and Melanesia. ...

Family:

Bucerotidae Hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a casque on the upper mandibl ...

Hornbills are a group of birds whose bill is shaped like a cow's horn, but without a twist, sometimes with a casque on the upper mandible. Frequently, the bill is brightly coloured. *Black hornbill ('' Anthracoceros malayanus'') - R/NBV - P. Ubin *Oriental pied hornbill ('' Anthracoceros albirostris'') - U/rIRB+RB - Bidadari, Pasir Ris, CCNR, Changi Village, P. Ubin, PRP, SBWR, ''St. John Is.'' *Rhinoceros hornbill ('' Buceros rhinoceros'') - R/NBV - Pulau ubin *Helmeted hornbill ('' Rhinoplax vigil'') - Ex/R *Wreathed hornbill ('' Rhyticeros undulatus'') - R/NBV - Botanic Garden

Kingfishers

Order:

Coraciiformes The Coraciiformes are a group of usually colourful birds including the kingfishers, the bee-eaters, the rollers, the motmots, and the todies. They generally have syndactyly, with three forward-pointing toes (and toes 3 & 4 fused at their base) ...

Family: Alcedinidae Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails. *Common kingfisher (''

Alcedo atthis The common kingfisher (''Alcedo atthis''), also known as the Eurasian kingfisher and river kingfisher, is a small kingfisher with seven subspecies recognized within its wide distribution across Eurasia and North Africa. It is resident in much of ...

'') - C/WV - water edges *Rufous-collared kingfisher ('' Actenoides concretus'') - Ex/RB *Blue-eared kingfisher ('' Alcedo meninting'') - R/RB - BBNP, CCNR, HNP, NTL, Poyan, P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR *Black-backed dwarf-kingfisher ('' Ceyx erithacus'') - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, SBWR, Tuas *Rufous-backed dwarf-kingfisher ('' Ceyx rufidorsa'') - Ex/RB *Stork-billed kingfisher ('' Pelargopsis capensis'') - U/RB - water edges *Ruddy kingfisher ('' Halcyon coromanda'') - R/RBWV - RB: P. Tekong. WV: Bidadari, CBP, CCNR, City, DFNP, Fort Canning, JLG, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Venus Drive *White-throated kingfisher ('' Halcyon smyrnensis'') - C/RB - water edges *Black-capped kingfisher ('' Halcyon pileata'') - U/WV - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, PRP, SBWR, S. Serangoon, Tuas, LSD *Collared kingfisher ('' Todirhamphus chloris'') - VC/RB - water edges *Pied kingfisher (''

Ceryle rudis The pied kingfisher (''Ceryle rudis'') is a species of water kingfisher widely distributed across Africa and Asia. Originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, it has five recognised subspecies. Its black and white plumage and crest, as well a ...

'') - A

Bee-eaters

Order:

Family:

Meropidae The bee-eaters are a group of non-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by ...

The bee-eaters are a group of

near passerine Near passerines and higher land-bird assemblage are terms of traditional, pre-cladistic taxonomy that have often been given to tree-dwelling birds or those most often believed to be related to the true passerines (order Passeriformes) owing to mor ...

birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar. *Blue-throated bee-eater (''

Merops viridis The blue-throated bee-eater (''Merops viridis'') is a species of bird in the bee-eater family. They are found throughout southeast Asia in subtropical or tropical mangrove forests. Their diet consists mostly of bees, wasps, and dragonflies. Blue- ...

'') - C/MB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Blue-tailed bee-eater (''

Merops philippinus The blue-tailed bee-eater (''Merops philippinus'') is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family Meropidae. It is widely distributed across South and Southeast Asia where many populations are strongly migratory, and seen seasonally in many pa ...

'') - C/WV - islandwide (including offshore islands)

Rollers

Order:

Family:

Coraciidae Coraciidae is a family of Old World birds, which is known as rollers because of the aerial acrobatics some of these birds perform during courtship or territorial flights. Rollers resemble crows in size and build, and share the colourful appeara ...

Rollers resemble

crow A crow is a bird of the genus '' Corvus'', or more broadly a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. Crows are generally black in colour. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term "raven" is not pinned scientifica ...

s in size and build, but are more closely related to the

kingfisher Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly colored birds in the order Coraciiformes. They have a cosmopolitan distribution, with most species found in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Oceania, ...

s and

bee-eater The bee-eaters are a group of non-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, containing three genera and thirty species. Most species are found in Africa and Asia, with a few in southern Europe, Australia, and New Guinea. They are characterised by ...

s. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not. *Dollarbird ('' Eurystomus orientalis'') - C/RBWV - woodlands

Asian barbets

Order:

Piciformes Nine families of largely arboreal birds make up the order Piciformes , the best-known of them being the Picidae, which includes the woodpeckers and close relatives. The Piciformes contain about 71 living genera with a little over 450 species, of ...

Family:

Megalaimidae The Asian barbets are a family of bird species, the Megalaimidae, comprising two genera with 35 species native to the forests of the Indomalayan realm from Tibet to Indonesia. They were once clubbed with all barbets in the family Capitonidae bu ...

The Asian barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly coloured. *Coppersmith barbet ('' Psilopogon haemacephalus'') - C/RB - woodlands *Red-crowned barbet ('' Psilopogon rafflesii'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, Poyan *Lineated barbet ('' Psilopogon lineatus'') - U/IRB - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, JEG, JLG, NTL, Poyan, SBG, Southern Ridges

Woodpeckers

Order:

Family: Picidae Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks. *Sunda woodpecker ('' Yungipicus moluccensis'') - C/RB - parks *Rufous woodpecker ('' Micropternus brachyurus'') - U/RB - woodlands *Buff-rumped woodpecker ('' Meiglyptes tristis'') - VR/NBV - Bidadari, CCNR, P. Ubin *Common flameback ('' Dinopium javanense'') - C/RB - woodlands *Crimson-winged woodpecker ('' Picus puniceus'') - VR/NBV - BTNR *Laced woodpecker ('' Picus vittatus'') - C/RB - woodlands *Banded woodpecker ('' Chrysophlegma miniaceum'') - C/RB - forests *Great slaty woodpecker ('' Mulleripicus pulverulentus'') - VR/NBV - BTNR *White-bellied woodpecker (''

Dryocopus javensis The white-bellied woodpecker or great black woodpecker (''Dryocopus javensis'') is found in evergreen forests of tropical Asia, including the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It has 14 subspecies, part of a complex including the Andaman w ...

'') - Ex/R - ''CCNR''

Falcons and caracaras

Order:

Falconiformes The order Falconiformes () is represented by the extant family Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families Cathartidae (New World vultures and condors), Sagitt ...

Family: Falconidae Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons. *Black-thighed falconet ('' Microhierax fringillarius'') - VR/NBV - Goldhill Avenue, Jalan Mashhor, Yishun, ''CCNR, Sembawang''. *Lesser kestrel ('' Falco naumanni'') - VR/WV - Changi (2001, 2010), Simei (2001) *Eurasian kestrel (''

Falco tinnunculus The common kestrel (''Falco tinnunculus'') is a bird of prey species belonging to the kestrel group of the falcon family Falconidae. It is also known as the European kestrel, Eurasian kestrel, or Old World kestrel. In the United Kingdom, wher ...

'') - R/WV - Bukit Batok West, Changi, CCKC, JLG, Kranji, KRP, P. Punggol, Tuas, ''Jurong West'' *Amur falcon ('' Falco amurensis'') - VR/V - Changi (2007), Halus (2021), LSD (2016), Tanah Merah Coast Road (2017) *Eurasian hobby ('' Falco subbuteo'') - VR/V - Henderson Waves (2020) *Peregrine falcon (''

Falco peregrinus The peregrine falcon (''Falco peregrinus''), also known as the peregrine, and historically as the duck hawk in North America, is a cosmopolitan bird of prey (raptor) in the family Falconidae. A large, crow-sized falcon, it has a blue-grey back, ...

'') - U/WV - islandwide

Cockatoos

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Cacatuidae A cockatoo is any of the 21 parrot species belonging to the family Cacatuidae, the only family in the superfamily Cacatuoidea. Along with the Psittacoidea (true parrots) and the Strigopoidea (large New Zealand parrots), they make up the orde ...

The cockatoos share many features with other parrots including the characteristic curved beak shape and a

zygodactyl In biology, dactyly is the arrangement of digits (fingers and toes) on the hands, feet, or sometimes wings of a tetrapod animal. It comes from the Greek word δακτυλος (''dáktylos'') = "finger". Sometimes the ending "-dactylia" is use ...

foot, with two forward toes and two backwards toes. They differ, however in a number of characteristics, including the often spectacular movable headcrest. *Tanimbar corella ('' Cacatua goffiniana'') - C/IRB - Bidadari, BBNP, Changi Village, LNR, Malcolm Park, MFP, PRP SBG, Sembawang Park, Sentosa, Springleaf *Yellow-crested cockatoo ('' Cacatua sulphurea'') - U/IRB - Bidadari, BAMKP, Changi Village, Clementi, Dover Road, LNR, Malcolm Park, St. John Is., Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges *Sulphur-crested cockatoo (''

Cacatua galerita The sulphur-crested cockatoo (''Cacatua galerita'') is a relatively large white cockatoo found in wooded habitats in Australia, New Guinea, and some of the islands of Indonesia. They can be locally very numerous, leading to them sometimes being ...

'') - U/IR - Loyang, Sentosa, SBG, Southern Ridges

Old world parrots

Order: PsittaciformesFamily:

Psittaculidae Psittaculidae is a family containing Old World parrots. It consists of five subfamilies: Agapornithinae, Loriinae, Platycercinae, Psittacellinae and Psittaculinae. This family has been accepted into ''The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World' ...

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed

feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from to in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. *Blue-rumped parrot ('' Psittinus cyanurus'') - R/R - Bukit Batok West, CCNR *Rose-ringed parakeet ('' Psittacula krameri'') - U/IRB - Bidadari, Halus, LSD, Marina East, Poyan, PRP, P. Ubin, Seletar Camp, Sembawang Park, Simpang, SBG *Red-breasted parakeet ('' Psittacula alexandri'') - C/IRB - woodlands *Long-tailed parakeet ('' Psittacula longicauda'') - C/RB - woodlands *Coconut lorikeet ('' Trichoglossus haematodus'') - U/IRB - BAMKP, BBC, Bidadari, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Goldhill Ave, JLG, SBG, Sentosa *Blue-crowned hanging-parrot (''

Loriculus galgulus The blue-crowned hanging parrot (''Loriculus galgulus'') is a parrot species endemic to southern Burma and Thailand, Malaya, Singapore, and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Borneo). These parrots are 12cm in height and weight 28g and have a longevity o ...

'') - U/RB - BAMKP, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, Malcolm Park, MFP, SBG

African and green broadbills

Order:

Passeriformes A passerine () is any bird of the order Passeriformes (; from Latin 'sparrow' and '-shaped'), which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds, passerines are distinguished from other orders of birds by th ...

Family:

Calyptomenidae Calyptomenidae is a family of passerine birds found in Africa, the Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula ( Malay: ''Semenanjung Tanah Melayu'') is a peninsula in Mainland Southeast Asia. The landmass runs approximately north–south, and a ...

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. *Green broadbill ('' Calyptomena viridis'') - VR/NBV - East Coast Park (2014), P. Ubin (2014, 2021)

Asian and Grauer’s broadbills

Order:

Family:

Eurylaimidae The Eurylaimidae are a family of suboscine passerine birds that occur from the eastern Himalayas to Indonesia and the Philippines. The family previously included the sapayoa from the Neotropics, the asities from Madagascar, and the Calyptomeni ...

The broadbills are small, brightly coloured birds which feed on fruit and also take insects in flycatcher fashion, snapping their broad bills. Their habitat is canopies of wet forests. *Black-and-red broadbill ('' Cymbirhynchus macrorhynchos'') - VR/NBV - P. Ubin, SBWR

Pittas

Order:

Family: Pittidae Pittas are medium-sized by passerine standards and are stocky, with fairly long, strong legs, short tails and stout bills. Many are brightly coloured. They spend the majority of their time on wet forest floors, eating snails, insects and similar invertebrates. *Blue-winged pitta ('' Pitta moluccensis'') - U/WVPM+R/RB - WVPM: Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, Bukit Batok West, CCNR, Hougang, Jurong Is., JLG, NTL, PRP, Poyan, Punggol Park, SBG, Sembawang Park, Tuas, WCP, ''Kranji Nature Trail''. RB: P. Ubin (2016) *Fairy pitta ('' Pitta nympha'') - VR/V - CCNR (2019), HNP (2021) *Hooded pitta (''

Pitta sordida The hooded pitta (''Pitta sordida'') is a passerine bird in the family Pittidae. It is common in eastern and southeastern Asia and maritime Southeast Asia, where it lives in several types of forests as well as on plantations and other cultivated ...

'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, HNP, JLG, SBG, WCP *Mangrove pitta ('' Pitta megarhyncha'') - R/RB - PRP, P. Ubin, P. Tekong, SBG, SBWR

Thornbills and allies

Order:

Family:

Acanthizidae The Acanthizidae—known as Australian warblers—are a family of passerine birds which includes gerygones, the thornbills ''Acanthiza'', and the scrubwrens of ''Sericornis''. The Acanthizidae family consists of small to medium passerine birds, ...

Thornbills are small passerine birds, similar in habits to the tits. *Golden-bellied gerygone ('' Gerygone sulphurea'') - C/RB - woodlands

Cuckooshrikes

Order:

Family: Campephagidae The cuckooshrikes are small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are predominantly greyish with white and black, although some species are brightly coloured. *Scarlet minivet ('' Pericrocotus flammeus'') - Ex/R - BTNR *Ashy minivet ('' Pericrocotus divaricatus'') - C/WVPM - woodlands *Pied triller ('' Lalage nigra'') - C/RB - woodlands *Lesser cuckooshrike ('' Coracina fimbriata'') - VR/R - BTNR, CCNR

Whistlers and allies

Order:

Family: Pachycephalidae The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrikethrushes, and some of the pitohuis. *Mangrove whistler ('' Pachycephala grisola'') - R/RB - Changi, Halus, JEG, LNR, P. Hantu, P. Semakau, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR

Old World orioles

Order:

Family: Oriolidae The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles. *Black-naped oriole (''

Oriolus chinensis The black-naped oriole (''Oriolus chinensis'') is a passerine bird in the oriole family that is found in many parts of Asia. There are several distinctive populations within the wide distribution range of this species and in the past the slende ...

'') - C/RBWV - parks, woodlands, mangroves

Vangas, helmetshrikes, and allies

Order:

Family: Vangidae The family Vangidae is highly variable, though most members of it resemble true shrikes to some degree. *Large woodshrike ('' Tephrodornis gularis'') - VR/NBV - CCNR (2016, 2018), P. Ubin (2022) *Black-winged flycatcher-shrike ('' Hemipus hirundinaceus'') - VR/NBV - CCNR, P. Ubin

Ioras

Order:

Family: Aegithinidae The ioras are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, ioras are sexually dimorphic, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. *Common iora ('' Aegithina tiphia'') - C/RB - woodlands

Fantails

Order:

Family:

Rhipiduridae The family Rhipiduridae are small insectivorous birds of Australasia, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent that includes the fantails and silktails. Taxonomy and systematics There are four genera classified within the family: * Subfamily ...

The fantails are small insectivorous birds which are specialist aerial feeders. *Malaysian pied-fantail ('' Rhipidura javanica'') - C/RB - woodlands, mangroves

Drongos

Order:

Family: Dicruridae The drongos are mostly black or dark grey in colour, sometimes with metallic tints. They have long forked tails, and some Asian species have elaborate tail decorations. They have short legs and sit very upright when perched, like a shrike. They flycatch or take prey from the ground. *Black drongo ('' Dicrurus macrocercus'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, Poyan, Punggol, SBWR, Seletar, Tuas *Ashy drongo ('' Dicrurus leucophaeus'') - R/WV - Bidadari, BBNP, CCNR, CBP, MFP, P. Semakau, SBG, TBHP *Crow-billed drongo ('' Dicrurus annectens'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, Changi, Fort Canning, Halus, MFP, NTL, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, St. John Is., Tuas *Hair-crested drongo ('' Dicrurus hottentottus'') - VR/V - CBP *Greater racket-tailed drongo ('' Dicrurus paradiseus'') - C/RB - forests

Monarch flycatchers

Order:

Family: Monarchidae The monarch flycatchers are small to medium-sized insectivorous passerines which hunt by flycatching. *Black-naped monarch ('' Hypothymis azurea'') - VR/R - CCNR, Clementi Woods, JLG, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG *Japanese paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone atrocaudata'') - R/PM - BAMKP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, Kranji Marsh, PRP, P. Hantu, SBWR, TBHP, TEG, Tuas *Amur paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone incei'') - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands *Blyth's paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone affinis'') - C/WVPM - forests, woodlands *Indian paradise-flycatcher ('' Terpsiphone paradisi'') - VR/V - SBWR

Shrikes

Order:

Family: Laniidae Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked, like a bird of prey. *Tiger shrike ('' Lanius tigrinus'') - C/WVPM - woodlands *Brown shrike (''

Lanius cristatus The brown shrike (''Lanius cristatus'') is a bird in the shrike family that is found mainly in Asia. It is closely related to the red-backed shrike (''L. collurio'') and isabelline shrike (''L. isabellinus''). The genus name, ''Lanius'', is deri ...

'') - C/WVPM - grasslands, woodlands *Long-tailed shrike ('' Lanius schach'') - C/RB - grasslands

Crows, jays, and magpies

Order:

Family:

Corvidae Corvidae is a cosmopolitan family of oscine passerine birds that contains the crows, ravens, rooks, jackdaws, jays, magpies, treepies, choughs, and nutcrackers. In colloquial English, they are known as the crow family or corvids. Cu ...

The family Corvidae includes

s, ravens,

jay A jay is a member of a number of species of medium-sized, usually colorful and noisy, passerine birds in the Crow family, Corvidae. The evolutionary relationships between the jays and the magpies are rather complex. For example, the Eurasian m ...

chough There are two species of passerine birds commonly called chough ( ) that constitute the genus ''Pyrrhocorax'' of the Corvidae (crow) family of birds. These are the red-billed chough (''Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax''), and the Alpine chough (or yellow- ...

s, magpies,

treepie The treepies (known also as crypsirinines from the subfamily's name, ''Crypsirininae'') comprise four closely related genera (''Dendrocitta, Crypsirina, Temnurus'' and ''Platysmurus'') of long-tailed passerine birds in the family Corvidae. There ...

nutcracker A nutcracker is a tool designed to open nuts by cracking their shells. There are many designs, including levers, screws, and ratchets. The lever version is also used for cracking lobster and crab shells. A decorative version portrays a person w ...

s and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence. *Black magpie ('' Platysmurus leucopterus'') - VR/NBV - HNP (2021) *House crow ('' Corvus splendens'') - VC/IRB - islandwide *Large-billed crow (''

Corvus macrorhynchos The large-billed crow (''Corvus macrorhynchos''), formerly referred to widely as the jungle crow, is a widespread Asian species of crow. It is very adaptable and is able to survive on a wide range of food sources, making it capable of colonizing ...

'') - C/RB - forested areas

Tits, chickadees, and titmice

Order:

Family:

Paridae The tits, chickadees, and titmice constitute the Paridae, a large family of small passerine birds which occur mainly in the Northern Hemisphere and Africa. Most were formerly classified in the genus ''Parus''. Members of this family are common ...

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects. *Japanese tit (''

Parus minor ''Parus'' is a genus of Old World birds in the tit family. It was formerly a large genus containing most of the 50 odd species in the family Paridae. The genus was split into several resurrected genera following the publication of a detailed mo ...

'') - VR/V - JLG, PRP, Tuas

Larks

Order:

Family:

Alaudidae Larks are passerine birds of the family Alaudidae. Larks have a cosmopolitan distribution with the largest number of species occurring in Africa. Only a single species, the horned lark, occurs in North America, and only Horsfield's bush lark occ ...

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds. *Eurasian skylark (''

Alauda arvensis The Eurasian skylark (''Alauda arvensis'') is a passerine bird in the lark family, Alaudidae. It is a widespread species found across Europe and the Palearctic with introduced populations in New Zealand, Australia and on the Hawaiian Islands. I ...

'') - VR/V - Pandan Reservoir (2018)

Cisticolas and allies

Order:

Family:

Cisticolidae The family Cisticolidae is a group of about 160 warblers, small passerine birds found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They were formerly included within the Old World warbler family Sylviidae. This family probably originate ...

The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub. *Common tailorbird ('' Orthotomus sutorius'') - C/RB - scrubby areas *Dark-necked tailorbird ('' Orthotomus atrogularis'') - C/RB - forests *Ashy tailorbird ('' Orthotomus ruficeps'') - C/RB - mangroves *Rufous-tailed tailorbird ('' Orthotomus sericeus'') - U/RB - forests *Yellow-bellied prinia ('' Prinia flaviventris'') - C/RB - grasslands *Zitting cisticola ('' Cisticola juncidis'') - C/RB - grasslands

Reed warblers and allies

Order:

Family:

Acrocephalidae The Acrocephalidae (the reed warblers, marsh- and tree-warblers, or acrocephalid warblers) are a family of oscine passerine birds, in the superfamily Sylvioidea. The species in this family are usually rather large "warblers". Most are rather p ...

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa. *Booted warbler ('' Iduna caligata'') - VR/V - Kranji Marsh (2017-8) *Black-browed reed warbler ('' Acrocephalus bistrigiceps'') - U/WV - Changi, Halus, JLG, NTL, Punggol, SFW, SBWR, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Oriental reed warbler ('' Acrocephalus orientalis'') - C/WV - marshes, woodlands near water

Grassbirds and allies

Order:

Family: Locustellidae Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over. *Pallas's grasshopper-warbler ('' Helopsaltes certhiola'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Halus, SFW, Tuas *Lanceolated warbler ('' Locustella lanceolata'') - U/WVPM - Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SFW, Tuas

Swallows

Order:

Family:

Hirundinidae The swallows, martins, and saw-wings, or Hirundinidae, are a family of passerine songbirds found around the world on all continents, including occasionally in Antarctica. Highly adapted to aerial feeding, they have a distinctive appearance. The ...

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base. *Bank swallow (''

Riparia riparia The sand martin (''Riparia riparia''), also known as the bank swallow (in the Americas), collared sand martin, or common sand martin, is a migratory passerine bird in the swallow family. It has a wide range in summer, embracing practically the ...

'') - U/WVPM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Kranji Marsh, LSD, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol *Barn swallow ('' Hirundo rustica'') - VC/WVPM - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Pacific swallow ('' Hirundo tahitica'') - C/RB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Red-rumped swallow ('' Cecropis daurica'') - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BTNR, CCKC, CCNR, Changi, Halus, Henderson Waves, LSD, Marina East, Poyan, Punggol, TEG, Tuas *Common house-martin ('' Delichon urbicum'') - VR/V - Marina East, NTL *Asian house-martin ('' Delichon dasypus'') - R/PM - BTNR, CCNR, Changi, Henderson Waves, NTL

Bulbuls

Order:

Family:

Pycnonotidae The bulbuls are members of a family, Pycnonotidae, of medium-sized passerine songbirds, which also includes greenbuls, brownbuls, leafloves, and bristlebills. The family is distributed across most of Africa and into the Middle East, tropical ...

Bulbuls are medium-sized songbirds. Some are colourful with yellow, red or orange vents, cheeks, throats or supercilia, but most are drab, with uniform olive-brown to black plumage. Some species have distinct crests. *Black-and-white bulbul ('' Brachypodius melanoleucus'') - VR/NBV - CCNR (2012), P. Ubin (2022) *Black-headed bulbul ('' Brachypodius melanocephalos'') - R/RB - BBC, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, PRP *Black-crested bulbul ('' Rubigula flaviventris'') - R/IR - BTNR *Straw-headed bulbul ('' Pycnonotus zeylanicus'') - U/RB - BBC, BBNP, BTNR, Choa Chu Kang, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, NTL, Poyan, P. Ubin *Red-whiskered bulbul ('' Pycnonotus jocosus'') - U/IRB - Changi, Halus, JLG, Marina East, Poyan, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Saddle Club, SBG, Sentosa, S. Serangoon *Sooty-headed bulbul ('' Pycnonotus aurigaster'') - U/IRB - BAMKP, Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, PRP, Punggol, S. Serangoon, TEG *Yellow-vented bulbul ('' Pycnonotus goiavier'') - VC/RB - parks *Olive-winged bulbul ('' Pycnonotus plumosus'') - C/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, P. Hantu, P. Ubin, PRP, SBG, SBWR *Cream-vented bulbul ('' Pycnonotus simplex'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR *Red-eyed bulbul ('' Pycnonotus brunneus'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Buff-vented bulbul ('' Iole olivacea'') - VR/NBV - BTNR *Cinereous bulbul ('' Hemixos cinereus'') - U/NBV - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, KRP, Lazarus Is., NTL, P. Ubin, SBTB, SBWR, TBHP, Tuas, ''Marina South'' *Streaked bulbul ('' Ixos malaccensis'') - R/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, Central Catchment, Changi Village, KRP, SBWR, Tuas

Leaf warblers

Order:

Family:

Phylloscopidae Leaf warblers are small insectivorous passerine birds belonging to the genus ''Phylloscopus''. Leaf warblers were formerly included in the Old World warbler family but are now considered to belong to the family Phylloscopidae, introduced in 200 ...

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into

Wallacea Wallacea is a biogeographical designation for a group of mainly Indonesian islands separated by deep-water straits from the Asian and Australian continental shelves. Wallacea includes Sulawesi, the largest island in the group, as well as ...

and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours. *Yellow-browed warbler ('' Phylloscopus inornatus'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, BTNR, Bidadari, CCNR, DFNP, MFP, NTL, P. Hantu, Sentosa *Dusky warbler ('' Phylloscopus fuscatus'') - VR/PM - Marina East (2021-2), Tuas (1994, 1995), Yishun Pond (2019) *Eastern crowned warbler ('' Phylloscopus coronatus'') - U/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Changi, DFNP, PRP, SBWR, York Road *Pale-legged leaf warbler ('' Phylloscopus tenellipes'') - VR/V - CCNR (2021) *Sakhalin leaf warbler ('' Phylloscopus borealoides'') - VR/WV - BTNR (2018), CCNR (2014, 2021), DFNP (2014) *Arctic warbler ('' Phylloscopus borealis'') - C/WVPM - parks, woodlands

White-eyes, yuhinas, and allies

Order:

Family:

Zosteropidae The white-eyes are a family, Zosteropidae, of small passerine birds native to tropical, subtropical and temperate Sub-Saharan Africa, southern and eastern Asia, and Australasia. White-eyes inhabit most tropical islands in the Indian Ocean, the ...

The white-eyes are small and mostly undistinguished, their plumage above being generally some dull colour like greenish-olive, but some species have a white or bright yellow throat, breast or lower parts, and several have buff flanks. As their name suggests, many species have a white ring around each eye. *Swinhoe's white-eye ('' Zosterops simplex'') - C/rIRB - woodlands

Tree-babblers, scimitar-babblers, and allies

Order:

Family: Timaliidae The babblers, or timaliids, are somewhat diverse in size and colouration, but are characterised by soft fluffy plumage. *Pin-striped tit-babbler (''

Mixornis gularis The pin-striped tit-babbler (''Mixornis gularis''), also known as the yellow-breasted babbler, is a species of bird in the Old World babbler family Timaliidae that is found in South Asia, South and Southeast Asia. Taxonomy and systematics The pi ...

'') - C/RB - forested areas *Chestnut-winged babbler ('' Cyanoderma erythropterum'') - U/RB - CCNR

Ground babblers and allies

Order:

Family: Pellorneidae These small to medium-sized songbirds have soft fluffy plumage but are otherwise rather diverse. Members of the genus ''Illadopsis'' are found in forests, but some other genera are birds of scrublands. *Moustached babbler ('' Malacopteron magnirostre'') - Ex/RB - ''CCNR'' *Short-tailed babbler ('' Pellorneum malaccense'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR *White-chested babbler ('' Pellorneum rostratum'') - Ex/RB - ''CCNR, Kranji Marsh, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR'' *Abbott's babbler ('' Malacocincla abbotti'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR, JEG, NTL, P. Ubin, Sentosa, SBG, SBWR, WCPR

Laughingthrushes and allies

Order:

Family:

Leiothrichidae The laughingthrushes are a family, Leiothrichidae, of Old World passerine birds. They are diverse in size and coloration. These are birds of tropical areas, with the greatest variety in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The entire fam ...

The members of this family are diverse in size and colouration, though those of genus ''Turdoides'' tend to be brown or greyish. The family is found in Africa, India, and southeast Asia. *White-crested laughingthrush ('' Garrulax leucolophus'') - C/IRB - woodlands *Chinese hwamei ('' Garrulax canorus'') - R/IRB - Bt. Gombak, Sentosa, ''KRP, MFP''

Nuthatches

Order:

Family:

Sittidae The nuthatches () constitute a genus, ''Sitta'', of small passerine birds belonging to the family Sittidae. Characterised by large heads, short tails, and powerful bills and feet, nuthatches advertise their territory using loud, simple songs. Mo ...

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet. *Velvet-fronted nuthatch ('' Sitta frontalis'') - A

Starlings

Order:

Family: Sturnidae Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen. *Asian glossy starling ('' Aplonis panayensis'') - VC/RB - islandwide *Common hill myna ('' Gracula religiosa'') - C/RB - Admiralty Park, AMKTGW, Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Poyan, P. Ubin, SBG, Southern Ridges *European starling (''

Sturnus vulgaris The common starling or European starling (''Sturnus vulgaris''), also known simply as the starling in Great Britain and Ireland, is a medium-sized passerine bird in the starling family, Sturnidae. It is about long and has glossy black plumage ...

'') - VR/V - Marina East (2021) *Rosy starling ('' Pastor roseus'') - R/WV - Changi, Halus, Jurong Is., JLG, KRP, St John Is., Tuas *Daurian starling ('' Agropsar sturninus'') - VC/WVPM - woodlands *Chestnut-cheeked starling ('' Agropsar philippensis'') - VR/V - Bidadari (2014), Loyang (1987), Henderson Waves (2019), JLG (2020) *Asian pied starling ('' Gracupica contra'') - R/I *White-shouldered starling ('' Sturnia sinensis'') - U/WVPM - Changi, Coney Is., KRP, Halus, Punggol, Seletar, Tuas *Brahminy starling ('' Sturnia pagodarum'') - VR/V - Bidadari, JLG, Marina East, P. Punggol *Red-billed starling ('' Spodiopsar sericeus'') - VR/PM - SBTB (2013), TEG (2015), Turut Track (2021) *White-cheeked starling ('' Spodiopsar cineraceus'') - VR/V - Seletar End (2020) *Common myna ('' Acridotheres tristis'') - C/RB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Black-winged starling ('' Acridotheres melanopterus'') - Ex/IRB *Javan myna ('' Acridotheres javanicus'') - VC/IRB - islandwide (including offshore islands) *Crested myna ('' Acridotheres cristatellus'') - Ex/IR *Great myna ('' Acridotheres grandis'') - VC/IRB

Thrushes and allies

Order:

Family:

Turdidae The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World fl ...

The

thrushes The thrushes are a passerine bird family, Turdidae, with a worldwide distribution. The family was once much larger before biologists reclassified the former subfamily Saxicolinae, which includes the chats and European robins, as Old World flyca ...

are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs. *Siberian thrush ('' Geokichla sibirica'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, KRP, JLG, Sentosa, Tuas *Orange-headed thrush ('' Geokichla citrina'') - R/WV - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, HNP, SBG, WCP *Chinese blackbird ('' Turdus mandarinus'') - VR/V - JLG (2020) *Eyebrowed thrush ('' Turdus obscurus'') - R/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, KRP, NTL, P. Ubin, SBG, TBHP, Tuas

Old World flycatchers

Order:

Family:

Muscicapidae The Old World flycatchers are a large family, the Muscicapidae, of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World (Europe, Africa and Asia), with the exception of several vagrants and two species, Bluethroat (''Luscinia svecica)'' and Northe ...

Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls. *Gray-streaked flycatcher ('' Muscicapa griseisticta'') - VR/PM - Sembawang (2021) *Dark-sided flycatcher ('' Muscicapa sibirica'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, NTL, SBG, Southern Ridges *Ferruginous flycatcher ('' Muscicapa ferruginea'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, CCNR, JLG, SBG *Asian brown flycatcher ('' Muscicapa dauurica'') - C/WVPM - woodlands *Brown-streaked flycatcher ('' Muscicapa williamsoni'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, CCKP, CCNR, JLG, MFP, PRP, SBWR *Spotted flycatcher ('' Muscicapa striata'') - VR/V - KRP (2021) *Oriental magpie-robin ('' Copsychus saularis'') - U/RB - woodlands *White-rumped shama ('' Copsychus malabaricus'') - R/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, MFP, Poyan, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Chinese blue flycatcher ('' Cyornis glaucicomans'') - VR/PM - Bidadari (2013), CCNR (2020), JLG (2020), SBWR (1997) *Mangrove blue flycatcher (''

Cyornis rufigastra The mangrove blue flycatcher (''Cyornis rufigastra'') is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is native to Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical mangrove ...

'') - VR/RB - Bidadari (2015), P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBWR *Brown-chested jungle-flycatcher ('' Cyornis brunneatus'') - R/WVPM - BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCKP, CCNR, DFNP, Jurong Is., JLG, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, St John Is., TEG, Tuas *Blue-and-white flycatcher ('' Cyanoptila cyanomelana'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Sentosa *Zappey's flycatcher ('' Cyanoptila cumatilis'') - R/PM - Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, JLG, KRP, SBG, TEG, Tuas *Verditer flycatcher ('' Eumyias thalassinus'') - VR/NBV - DFNP (2017) *Siberian blue robin ('' Luscinia cyane'') - U/WVPM - Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR *Blue whistling-thrush ('' Myophonus caeruleus caeruleus'') - VR/Indeterminate - Fort Canning (2019) *Yellow-rumped flycatcher ('' Ficedula zanthopygia'') - C/PM - woodlands, forests *Green-backed flycatcher ('' Ficedula elisae'') - R/WVPM - BAMKP, Bidadari, CCNR, KRP, NTL, Tuas, ''Khatib Bongsu'', ''Marina South'' *Narcissus flycatcher ('' Ficedula narcissina'') - VR/PM - Bidadari (2015), DFNP (2017) *Mugimaki flycatcher ('' Ficedula mugimaki'') - U/PM - AMKTGW, Bidadari, BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, JLG, KRP, MFP, PRP, Sentosa, Tuas *Taiga flycatcher ('' Ficedula albicilla'') - VR/V - SBG (2019–20), WCP (2020) *Black redstart (''

Phoenicurus ochruros The black redstart (''Phoenicurus ochruros'') is a small passerine bird in the genus '' Phoenicurus''. Like its relatives, it was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family (Turdidae), but is now known to be an Old World flycatcher (Musci ...

'') - VR/V - Jambol Walk (2021) *Daurian redstart ('' Phoenicurus auroreus'') - R/V - SBTB (2013), Cashew Road (2014), SBG (2019), UTown (2020) *White-throated rock-thrush ('' Monticola gularis'') - VR/WVPM - BTNR *Blue rock-thrush (''

Monticola solitarius The blue rock thrush (''Monticola solitarius'') is a species of chat. This thrush-like Old World flycatcher was formerly placed in the family Turdidae. It breeds in southern Europe, northwest Africa, and from Central Asia to northern China and M ...

'') - R/PM - Ascentia Sky, BTNR, Labrador Villa Road, Marina Barrage, Pinnacle@Duxton, Sentosa, Tuas *Siberian stonechat ('' Saxicola maurus'') - R/WVPM - Changi, Halus, NTL, Poyan, P. Punggol, Tuas, Warren, ''Marina South'', ''Punggol''

Flowerpeckers

Order:

Family:

Dicaeidae The flowerpeckers are a family, Dicaeidae, of passerine birds. The family comprises two genera, '' Prionochilus'' and '' Dicaeum'', with 50 species in total. The family has sometimes been included in an enlarged sunbird family Nectariniidae. The ...

The flowerpeckers are very small, stout, often brightly coloured birds, with short tails, short thick curved bills and tubular tongues. *Scarlet-breasted flowerpecker ('' Prionochilus thoracicus'') - VR/NBV - BTNR (2021), P. Ubin (2015, 2022) *Thick-billed flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum agile'') - VR/NBV - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Yellow-vented flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum chrysorrheum'') - VR/R - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP *Orange-bellied flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum trigonostigma'') - C/RB - forests *Scarlet-backed flowerpecker ('' Dicaeum cruentatum'') - C/RB - parks

Sunbirds and spiderhunters

Order:

Family:

Nectariniidae Sunbirds and spiderhunters make up the family Nectariniidae of passerine birds. They are small, slender passerines from the Old World, usually with downward-curved bills. Many are brightly coloured, often with iridescent feathers, particularly ...

The sunbirds and spiderhunters are very small passerine birds which feed largely on nectar, although they will also take insects, especially when feeding young. Flight is fast and direct on their short wings. Most species can take nectar by hovering like a hummingbird, but usually perch to feed. *Ruby-cheeked sunbird ('' Chalcoparia singalensis'') - VR/R - CCNR, P. Ubin, SBWR *Plain sunbird ('' Anthreptes simplex'') - VR/R - ''CCNR, Senoko'' *Brown-throated sunbird ('' Anthreptes malacensis'') - C/RB - parks *Van Hasselt's sunbird ('' Leptocoma brasiliana'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin *Copper-throated sunbird ('' Leptocoma calcostetha'') - U/RB - BBNP, P. Ubin, SBWR *Olive-backed sunbird ('' Cinnyris jugularis'') - VC/RB - parks *Crimson sunbird ('' Aethopyga siparaja'') - C/RB - parks, forests *Thick-billed spiderhunter ('' Arachnothera crassirostris'') - VR/R - ''BTNR, CCNR'' *Little spiderhunter ('' Arachnothera longirostra'') - U/RB - BBNP, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Mandai, P. Ubin *Yellow-eared spiderhunter ('' Arachnothera chrysogenys'') - VR/R - ''BTNR, CCNR, P. Tekong, P. Ubin''

Fairy-bluebirds

Order:

Family: Irenidae The fairy-bluebirds are bulbul-like birds of open forest or thorn scrub. The males are dark-blue and the females a duller green. *Asian fairy-bluebird ('' Irena puella'') - C/RB - BBNP, BBC, BTNR, CCNR, DFNP

Leafbirds

Order:

Family: Chloropseidae The leafbirds are small, bulbul-like birds. The males are brightly plumaged, usually in greens and yellows. *Greater green leafbird ('' Chloropsis sonnerati'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR *Lesser green leafbird ('' Chloropsis cyanopogon'') - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, P. Ubin *Blue-winged leafbird (''

Chloropsis cochinchinensis The Javan leafbird (''Chloropsis cochinchinensis'') is a species of leafbird found in forest and second growth in Java. It was formerly considered as conspecific with the widespread blue-winged leafbird. Taxonomy The Javan leafbird was forma ...

'') - U/RB - BTNR, CCNR

Weavers and allies

Order:

Family:

Ploceidae Ploceidae is a family of small passerine birds, many of which are called weavers, weaverbirds, weaver finches and bishops. These names come from the nests of intricately woven vegetation created by birds in this family. In most recent classifica ...

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the

finch The true finches are small to medium-sized passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. Finches have stout conical bills adapted for eating seeds and nuts and often have colourful plumage. They occupy a great range of habitats where they are usua ...

es. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season. *Golden-backed weaver ('' Ploceus jacksoni'') - U/IRB - Coney Is., Halus, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol *Streaked weaver (''

Ploceus manyar The streaked weaver (''Ploceus manyar'') is a species of weaver bird found in South Asia and South-east Asia in the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thail ...

'') - R/IRB - Halus, SBWR, ''Khatib Bongsu'', ''Sg. Serangoon'' *Baya weaver (''

Ploceus philippinus The baya weaver (''Ploceus philippinus'') is a weaverbird found across the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. of these birds are found in grasslands, cultivated areas, scrub and secondary growth and they are best known for their hanging ret ...

'') - C/RB - grasslands

Waxbills and allies

Order:

Family:

Estrildidae Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "fi ...

The

estrildid finch Estrildidae, or estrildid finches, is a family of small seed-eating passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They comprise species commonly known as munias, mannikins, firefinches, parrotfinches and waxbills. Despite the word "fi ...

es are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and

Australasia Australasia is a region that comprises Australia, New Zealand and some neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. The term is used in a number of different contexts, including geopolitically, physiogeographically, philologically, and ecologi ...

. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns. *Orange-cheeked waxbill ('' Estrilda melpoda'') - U/I - BAMKP, Coney Is., JLG, NTL, P. Punggol, S. Pandan, SBTB *Common waxbill ('' Estrilda astrild'') - U/I - Coney Is., Halus, JLG, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBWR *Crimson-rumped waxbill ('' Estrilda rhodopyga'') - U/I - Coney Is., Halus, P. Punggol, Punggol *Red avadavat ('' Amandava amandava'') - U/IRB - BAMKP, Changi, Halus, NTL, P. Punggol, Tuas, ''Marina South, Punggol'' *White-rumped munia ('' Lonchura striata'') - R/RB - BTNR, CCNR, DFNP, Halus, NTL, P. Tekong, P. Ubin, SBG, SBWR, Sentosa, Tuas, Telok Blangah *Javan munia ('' Lonchura leucogastroides'') - U/IRB - Bidadari, Halus, Hort Park, Marina East, Murai, SBTB, Serangoon Reservoir, SBWR, BAMKP *Scaly-breasted munia (''

Lonchura punctulata The scaly-breasted munia or spotted munia (''Lonchura punctulata''), known in the pet trade as nutmeg mannikin or spice finch, is a sparrow-sized estrildid finch native to tropical Asia. A species of the genus ''Lonchura'', it was formally descr ...

'') - C/RB - grasslands *Chestnut munia ('' Lonchura atricapilla'') - U/RB - grasslands *White-capped munia ('' Lonchura ferruginosa'') - VR/I - ''Punggol'' *White-headed munia ('' Lonchura maja'') - U/RB - grasslands

Indigobirds

Order:

Family:

Viduidae __NOTOC__ The indigobirds and whydahs, together with the cuckoo-finch, make up the family Viduidae; they are small passerine birds native to Africa. These are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage ...

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites which lay their eggs in the nests of

es. *Pin-tailed whydah ('' Vidua macroura'') - R/I - Changi, NTL, P. Punggol

Old World sparrows

Order:

Family:

Passeridae Old World sparrows are a group of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae. They are also known as true sparrows, a name also used for a particular genus of the family, '' Passer''. They are distinct from both the New World sparrows, ...

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects. *House sparrow (''

Passer domesticus The house sparrow (''Passer domesticus'') is a bird of the sparrow family Passeridae, found in most parts of the world. It is a small bird that has a typical length of and a mass of . Females and young birds are coloured pale brown and grey, an ...

'') - R/IRB - Jurong Is., Tuas South *Eurasian tree sparrow (''

Passer montanus The Eurasian tree sparrow (''Passer montanus'') is a passerine bird in the sparrow family with a rich chestnut crown and nape, and a black patch on each pure white cheek. The sexes are similarly plumaged, and young birds are a duller version o ...

'') - VC/RB - urban areas

Wagtails and pipits

Order:

Family:

Motacillidae The wagtails, longclaws, and pipits are a family, Motacillidae, of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. Around 70 species occur in five genera. The longclaws are entirely restricted to the Afrotropics, and the wagtails are predomin ...

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. *Forest wagtail ('' Dendronanthus indicus'') - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BBNP, Bidadari, BTNR, CCNR, Jurong Central Park, Mandai, P. Ubin, Sembawang, Simpang, SBWR, Yishun *Gray wagtail ('' Motacilla cinerea'') - U/WVPM - Admiralty Park, BAMKP, Bedok, Bt Batok, BTNR, Buona Vista, CCNR, Changi, JLG, Marsiling Park, Punggol, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Sembawang, Simpang, Yishun *Eastern yellow wagtail ('' Motacilla tschutschensis'') - C/WV - Bidadari, Changi, Halus, LSD, NTL, P. Punggol, P. Ubin, Punggol, Sembawang, Yishun *Citrine wagtail ('' Motacilla citreola'') - VR/WV - NTL (2018), Punggol (1989), Tuas (1994) *White wagtail ('' Motacilla alba'') - U/WV - BAMKP, BBC, Buona Vista, Changi, Jurong West, Marina East, NTL, P. Punggol, Punggol, SBG, TEG, Yishun *Paddyfield pipit ('' Anthus rufulus'') - C/RB - grassfields *Tree pipit (''

Anthus trivialis The tree pipit (''Anthus trivialis'') is a small passerine bird which breeds across most of Europe and the Palearctic as far East as the East Siberian Mountains. It is a long-distance migrant moving in winter to Africa and southern Asia. The sc ...

'') - A *Olive-backed pipit ('' Anthus hodgsoni'') - VR/PM - Bidadari (2010) *Red-throated pipit ('' Anthus cervinus'') - R/WV - Changi, P. Punggol, Seletar East, Tuas

Old World buntings

Order:

Family:

Emberizidae The buntings are a group of Old World passerine birds forming the genus ''Emberiza'', the only genus in the family Emberizidae. The family contains 45 species. They are seed-eating birds with stubby, conical bills. Taxonomy The family Emberizid ...

The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns. *Black-headed bunting ('' Emberiza melanocephala'') - Indeterminate *Yellow-breasted bunting ('' Emberiza aureola'') - VR/WV - ''Marina East''

References

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Birds Of Singapore Birds