Bhoopali, also known as ''Bhoop'', ''Bhopali,'' or ''Bhupali'', is a
Hindustani classical
Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani, ''shastriya sangeet'' (). It is played in instruments like the violin, sita ...
raga
A ''raga'' or ''raag'' (; also ''raaga'' or ''ragam''; ) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a musical mode, melodic mode. The ''rāga'' is a unique and central feature of the classical Indian music tradit ...
. Bhupālī, is a raag in
Kalyan Thaat
Kalyan () is one of the ten basic thaats of Hindustani music from the Indian subcontinent. It is also the name of a raga (more popularly known as Yaman) within this thaat.
Description
Kalyan thaat consists of an important group of evening ragas ...
. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale).
Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.
The same raga in
Carnatic music
Carnatic music, known as or in the Dravidian languages, South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, an ...
is known as
Mohanam
Mohanam is a rāga in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is an ''audava'' rāga (or ''owdava'' rāga, meaning pentatonic scale). It is usually described as a '' janya'' rāga of Harikamboji (28th Melakartha Raga) ...
.
Raga Bhoopali,
Raga Yaman
Yaman (also known as kalyaan, Iman, Aiman,'Eman', ' Kalyani' in Carnatic classical music) is a heptatonic ( Sampurna) Indian classical raga of Kalyan Thaat.
Its signature phrase (Pakad) is ni-Re-Ga-/Re-Ga/ni-Re-Sa/Pa-Ma#-Ga-Re/ni-Re-Sa' (Ma i ...
, and
Raga Bhairav
Bhairav is a Hindustani classical raga of Bhairav thaat. It is a sampurna raga that is traditionally performed in the morning and also as the beginning piece in concerts. It is the defining raga of its own Thaat.
Raga Kalingda in Hindustan ...
tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.
Theory
Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).
It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).
It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.
The Introduction consists of two parts – ''Aaroh'' आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and A''varoha'' (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)
Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".
Aroha and avaroha
The scale of ''Bhopali'' uses only ''Shuddh''
swara
Svara or swara (Devanagari: स्वर, generally pronounced as ''swar'') is a Sanskrit word that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave or '' ...
s.
*
Aroha
Aroha is a Māori word meaning "love", cognate with the Hawaiian term ''aloha''. It is also a given name.
Notable people
Notable people with the name include:
* Aroha Awarau, journalist and playwright from New Zealand
* Aroha Reriti-Crofts, ...
(ascent): Sa Re Ga Pa Dha Sa'
*
Avaroha
An Avarohana, Avarohanam or Avaroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the descending scale of any raga.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, ''Glossary'' pages, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications The notes descend in pitch ...
(descent): Sa'! Dha Pa Ga Re Sa
Vadi and samavadi
*
Vadi
Gandhar – ga
*
Samavadi
The Samavadi is the second-most prominent (though not necessarily second-most played) note of a raga in Indian classical music. The primary note of the raga is the '' vadi''; the vadi and samvadi are in most cases a fourth or fifth apart.
A '' ...
Dhaivat – Dha
Alap
# S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S
Pakad and chalan
The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:
S R G R S D1 S R G
or:
S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G G R S R D1 S
or:
G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G S R D1 S
Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:
# S R G R S D1 S R G
# S R G R S D1 P1
# P1 D1 S R G R G
# S R P G
# G R S R G P
# G P D P D D S’
# P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
# G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the ''mandra saptak'' (lower octave) and ' indicates the ''taar saptak'' (higher octave).
A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the ''Kalyan'' flavor of Bhopali by using ' of the notes Ni and Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:
(N
1)D
1 S
P(m)P(m) D P
where the notes in parenthesis are connected by slides or sung as ''meend''.
Bandish
This
bandish
Bandish, cheez or gat is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music. It is set in a specific raga, performed with rhythmic accompaniment by a tabla or pakhawaj, a steady drone, and melodic accompaniment by a sarangi, vi ...
is bound with
Teentaal (16 beats).
1 2 3 4 , 5 6 7 8 , 9 10 11 12 , 13 14 15 16 ,
Asthayi Sthayi or Asthaayi is an initial phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani music. It's a way of systematizing the parts of a composition. The Sthayi part of a Dhrupad
Dhrupad is a genre in Hindustani classical music from the Ind ...
:
D S D2 P , G2 R2 S R2 ,
G2 _ G2 P , G2 R2 S _ ,
S R2 G2 P , R2 G2 P D2 ,
G2 P D2 P , G2 R2 S _ ,
Antara
Antara is an Indonesian news agency organized as a statutory corporation. It is the country's national news agency, supplying news reports to many domestic media organizations. It is the only organization authorized to distribute news material ...
:
G2 _ G2 G2 , P _ D2 P ,
S' _ S' S' , D3 R3 S' _,
G3 G3 R3 S', R3 R3 S' D3,
S' _ D2 P , G2 R2 S _,
The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.
Organisation and relationships
Raga Bhoopali belongs to the
Kalyan
Kalyan (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, əljaːɳ is a city on the banks of Ulhas River in Thane district of Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It is governed by Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Corporation. Kalyan is a subdivision (Taluka) ...
Thaat.
Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.
Samay (Time)
First part of night. 7-9
Rasa
''Bhakti Rasa'' (Devotional)
The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti
Rasa – peaceful and calming.
Film songs
Bhoopali is a popular raga used in
Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.
Hindi
Hindi (Devanāgarī: or , ), or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in the Hindi Belt region encompassing parts of northern, central, eastern, and western India. Hindi has been de ...
:
* "Jyoti Kalash Chhalke" (''
Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan
Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan is a 1961 Hindi film, a family drama directed by Sadashiv J. Row Kavi with Meena Kumari and Balraj Sahni in the lead roles. It is a remake of 1953 Marathi film ''Vahinichya Bangdya'', which was also remade in Telugu as ''Vadi ...
'') (1961)
* "Pankh Hote To Udd Aati Re" (''
Sehra'') (1963)
* "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (''
Namastey London
''Namastey London'' () is a 2007 Indian romance film, directed and produced by Vipul Amrutlal Shah, starring
Akshay Kumar and Katrina Kaif in lead roles. It also stars Rishi Kapoor, Nina Wadia, Javed Sheikh, Upen Patel and Clive Standen in s ...
'') (2007)
* "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (''
Rudaali
''Rudaali'' (pronounced "roo-dah-lee"; ) is a 1993 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Kalpana Lajmi, written by Lajmi and Gulzar and based on a 1979 short story of the same name by Bengali author Mahasweta Devi. Set in a small villag ...
'') (1993)
* "Sayonara Sayonara" (''
Love in Tokyo
''Love In Tokyo'' is a 1966 Indian Hindi-language romantic comedy film directed and produced by Pramod Chakravorty. The film was a hit at the box office.
Plot
A young man Ashok's (Joy Mukherjee) mother makes him go to Tokyo, Japan in search of h ...
'') (1966)
* "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (''
Silsila
Silsila ( ar, سِلْسِلَة) is an Arabic word meaning ''chain'', ''link'', ''connection'' often used in various senses of lineage. In particular, it may be translated as "spiritual genealogy" where one Sufi Master transfers his ''khil ...
'') (1981)
* "Aayat" (''
Bajirao Mastani
''Bajirao Mastani'' is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, who co-produced it with Eros International and composed its soundtrack. The film stars Ranveer Singh, Deepika Padukone and Priy ...
'') (2015)
* "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv men" (''
Amrapali
Āmrapālī, also known as "Ambapālika", "Ambapali", or "Amra" was a celebrated ''nagarvadhu'' (royal courtesan) of the republic of Vaishali (located in present-day Bihar) in ancient India around 500 BC. Following the Buddha's teachings, she b ...
'') (1966)
Marathi
Marathi may refer to:
*Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India
*Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people
*Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece
See also
*
* ...
:
* "Ghanashyama Sundara" (''
Amar Bhoopali
''Amar Bhoopali'' (English: ''The Immortal Song'', French: ''Le Chant Immortel'') is a 1951 Indian film, produced and directed by V. Shantaram and written by Vishram Bedekar. It is a true story about a simple cow herder who has an innate gift o ...
'') (1951)
* "Dehaachi Tijori" (''
Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava
''Amhi Jaato Amucha Gava'' is a Marathi language film released on 9 August 1968. The film was remade in Tamil as '' Moondru Deivangal'' and in Hindi as '' Teen Chor''.
Cast
* Uma Bhende as Vaijayanti
* Suryakant Mandhare, Dhumal, and Ganes ...
'') (1951)
* "sujana kasā mana corī" (''
Sangeet Natak
''Sangeet Natak'' in Marathi language literally means Musical Drama. As the name suggests, this form of drama combines prose as well as poetry in form of songs to convey the story. In a manner, they are very much similar to Musicals. ''Sangeet ...
'')
* "śarayū tīrāvarī ayodhyā" (''
Geet Ramayan
''Geet Ramayan'' ( mr, गीत रामायण, en, The Ramayana in Songs) is a collection of 56 Marathi language songs chronologically describing events from the Indian Hindu epic, the ''Ramayana''. It was broadcast by All India Radio, ...
'')
Tamil movie songs in Mohanam
See also
*
Durga
Durga ( sa, दुर्गा, ) is a major Hindu goddess, worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess Mahadevi. She is associated with protection, strength, motherhood, destruction, and wars.
Durga's legend centres around co ...
*
Shivaranjani
Shivaranjani or Sivaranjani is a musical scale used in Indian classical music. There are two scales, one in Hindustani music and one in Carnatic music. The Hindustani rāga is a pentatonic scale, as is the Carnatic scale categorized as Audava ...
References
External links
SRA on Samay and RagasRajan Parrikar on Ragas
{{Rāgas as per Performance Time
Hindustani ragas