The New Cemetery ( sr, Ново гробље, ''Novo groblje'') is a
cemetery
A cemetery, burial ground, gravesite or graveyard is a place where the remains of dead people are buried or otherwise interred. The word ''cemetery'' (from Greek , "sleeping place") implies that the land is specifically designated as a buri ...
complex in
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
,
Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...
, with a distinct history. It is located in Ruzveltova street in
Zvezdara
Zvezdara ( sr-cyr, Звездара, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. The municipality is geographically hilly and with many forests. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 148,014 inhabitants.
The ...
municipality. The cemetery was built in 1886 as the third Christian cemetery in Belgrade and as the first architecturally and urbanistically planned cemetery in Serbia.
In addition to graves of ordinary citizens, the cemetery complex also includes special sections: military graves from
Serbian-Ottoman War (1876-1877) The term Serbian-Turkish War or Serbian-Ottoman War may refer to:
* Serbian-Turkish War (1371)
* Serbian-Turkish War (1389)
* Serbian-Turkish War (1804-1813)
* Serbian-Turkish War (1815)
* Serbian-Turkish War (1876-1877)
* Serbian-Turkish War (187 ...
,
Serbo-Bulgarian War
The Serbo-Bulgarian War or the Serbian–Bulgarian War ( bg, Сръбско-българска война, ''Srăbsko-bălgarska voyna'', sr, Српско-бугарски рат, ''Srpsko-bugarski rat'') was a war between the Kingdom of Serb ...
,
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defe ...
and
World Wars
A world war is an international conflict which involves all or most of the world's major powers. Conventionally, the term is reserved for two major international conflicts that occurred during the first half of the 20th century, World WarI (1914 ...
, the Alley of the Greats and the Alley of Distinguished Citizens, where some of the most important persons in the
history of Serbia
The history of Serbia covers the historical development of Serbia and of its predecessor states, from the Early Stone Age to the present state, as well as that of the Serbian people and of the areas they ruled historically. Serbian habitation ...
are buried. Two Jewish cemeteries (a Sephardic and an Ashkenazi one) are located adjacent to the New Cemetery, but are administrated separately.
Location
The cemetery is located along the ''Ruzveltova'' (official seat, at No. 50) and ''Mije Kovačevića'' streets, which divide it in two sections, left or western, which is in the municipality of Palilula and right or eastern, which is in the municipality of
Zvezdara
Zvezdara ( sr-cyr, Звездара, ) is a municipality of the city of Belgrade. The municipality is geographically hilly and with many forests. According to the 2011 census results, the municipality has a population of 148,014 inhabitants.
The ...
. Larger, eastern section is bordered by the streets of ''Mije Kovačevića'' on the north, ''Severni bulevar'' on the east and ''Svetog Nikole'' on the south. North of this section are the neighborhoods of Bogoslovija and
Stara Karaburma
Karaburma ( sr-cyr, Карабурма) is an urban neighborhood of the municipality of Palilula, Belgrade, Serbia. As of 2002, it has a population of 55,343 inhabitants.
Name
The name, Karaburma, is Turkish for ''black ring'' which is supp ...
, Zvezdara II is on the east, while Slavujev Venac and Bulbulder are on the south. Smaller, western section is marked by the streets ''Čarlija Čaplina'' (northeast) and ''Preradovićeva'' (southwest). It is situated next to the neighborhood of Hadžipopovac.
History
The first burials on the cemeteries that still exist today in the Belgrade's territory, were held in
Zemun
Zemun ( sr-cyrl, Земун, ; hu, Zimony) is a municipality in the city of Belgrade. Zemun was a separate town that was absorbed into Belgrade in 1934. It lies on the right bank of the Danube river, upstream from downtown Belgrade. The developme ...
, at the end of the 18th century. However, the New Cemetery was the first which has been planned and projected specifically for this purpose, with all the infrastructure needed, so it is today considered to be the oldest of Belgrade's cemeteries. In 1886-2017 period, 340,000 people were buried.
As the city expanded, Belgrade's old cemetery at Tašmajdan became inadequate. On the one side, it became too small for the city's main graveyard. On the other, once projected to be on the outskirts of the city, as Belgrade grew, Tašmajdan practically became downtown and close to the
Royal court
A royal court, often called simply a court when the royal context is clear, is an extended royal household in a monarchy, including all those who regularly attend on a monarch, or another central figure. Hence, the word "court" may also be appl ...
. The first official initiative for the removal of the cemetery came in 1871 from Mihailo Jovanović,
Metropolitan Bishop
In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan (alternative obsolete form: metropolite), pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis.
Originally, the term referred to the b ...
of Belgrade. As the city was in the financial crisis at the time and wasn't able to buy such a large lot for the new cemetery,
mayor of Belgrade
The Mayor of Belgrade ( sr, Градоначелник Београда / ''Gradonačelnik Beograda'') is the head of the City of Belgrade (the capital and largest city of Serbia). The Mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive ...
Vladan Đorđević
Ipokrat "Vladan" Đorđević (, sr-Cyrl, Владан Ђорђевић, 21 November 1844 – 31 August 1930) was a Serbian politician, diplomat, physician, prolific writer, and organizer of the State Sanitary Service. He held the post of mayor ...
donated a patch of his land to the city for the purpose of establishing a new cemetery. In the next decades, the area, including the graveyard itself was known as Vladanovac (after the mayor), but gradually was replaced with the name ''New Cemetery''. Mayors Živko Karabiberović and Mijailo Bogićević also worked on the establishment of the cemetery. The cemetery was charted in the city plans in 1884 but the citizens originally disapproved the new location, as it was distant from downtown, so a horse-operated tram line was established, ''
Terazije
Terazije ( sr-Cyrl, Теразијe) is the central town square and the surrounding neighborhood of Belgrade, Serbia. It is located in the municipality of Stari Grad.
Today, Terazije has primarily function of the main transit square, surrounded ...
-New Cemetery''. The adaptation of the lot was finished on 16 August 1886 and the first person was buried next day. It was Dragutin Dimić, son of the cemetery gardener Veljko Dimić. The graveyard originally covered , but by 2017 grew to . The reinterment of the remains from the Tašmajdan dragged on for the several decades, being finished only in 1927.
First memorial monument was built in 1907, when remains of the Serbian soldiers who died in wars against the Turks and Bulgarians in the 19th century were reinterred from the Tašmajdan. During the bombardment of Belgrade in the
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
, cemetery was damaged in 1915. In the
Interbellum
In the history of the 20th century, the interwar period lasted from 11 November 1918 to 1 September 1939 (20 years, 9 months, 21 days), the end of the First World War to the beginning of the Second World War. The interwar period was relativel ...
Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators, for the soldiers who died in 1944, extension across the Ruzveltova street to the west, was built in 1954. In 1959, a memorial cemetery for all the fallen fighters of the
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
was built by the architects Bogdan Bogdanović and Svetislav Ličina. Ličina also projected the Alley of Distinguished Citizens in 1965. In 1963, the
crematory
A crematorium or crematory is a venue for the cremation of the dead. Modern crematoria contain at least one cremator (also known as a crematory, retort or cremation chamber), a purpose-built furnace. In some countries a crematorium can also b ...
was opened. Though the first initiative for the crematory to be built came in 1904 from the "Oganj" society, and Minister for Public Health Čedomir Mihajlović approved construction in 1928, due to the lack of space, funds and opposition of the public, it took decades to open one. It is on the spot where the old Ashkenazi chapel was located. In 1964, the first year the crematory was operational, there were only 6 cremations, 5 of which were organized for the foreign citizens.
By the 1983 decision of the
National Assembly of Serbia
The National Assembly ( sr-cyr, Народна скупштина, Narodna skupština, ) is the unicameral legislature of Serbia. The assembly is composed of 250 deputies who are proportionally elected to four-year terms by secret ballot. The as ...
, the New Cemetery was declared as the cultural monument of great importance. Since 2004 it is member of the Association of Significant Cemeteries of Europe and since 2018 of the European Cemeteries Route.
The Main (Eastern) portion
The main part of the complex, on the right side of the Ruzveltova street, consists of a small Ashkenazi Jewish cemetery and much larger Christian cemetery. The Christian cemetery contains graves of ordinary citizens, several military graveyards, and four memorial sections containing the graves of important persons: the Arcades, the Alley of the Greats, the Alley of Distinguished Citizens, and the Alley of People's Heroes.
Among the headstones, there are 1,597 which are works of art by 130 Serbian sculptors, thus the cemetery is considered as the "museum in the open". Artists who contributed to this "museum" with their works include
Ivan Meštrović
Ivan Meštrović (; 15 August 1883 – 16 January 1962) was a Croatian sculptor, architect, and writer. He was the most prominent modern Croatian sculptor and a leading artistic personality in contemporary Zagreb. He studied at Pavle Bilinić's ...
Toma Rosandić
Toma Rosandić ( sr-cyr, Тома Росандић; baptized as Tomaso Vincenzo, 22 January 1878 – 1 March 1958) was a Serbian and Yugoslav sculptor, architect and fine arts pedagog. Together with Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), he was the most ...
,
Sreten Stojanović
Sreten Stojanović ( sr-cyr, Сретен Стојановић; 2 February 1898 – 29 October 1960) was a Serbian sculptor and art critic. His artistic individuality was best observed in portraits made of various materials.
Biography
He was bo ...
Risto Stijović
Risto Stijović ( sr-cyr, Ристо Стијовић; 8 October 1894 Podgorica, Principality of Montenegro – 20 December 1974 Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFRY) was a Yugoslav and Serbian sculptor, considered to be one of the most original artists of ...
Simeon Roksandić
Simeon Roksandić (14 May 1874 – 12 January 1943) was a Serbian sculptor and academic, famous for his bronzes and fountains. He is frequently cited as one of the most renowned figures in Serbian and Yugoslavian sculpture.
Roksandić exhibite ...
, ,
Olga Jevrić
Olga Jevrić (29 September 1922 – 10 February 2014) was a Serbian sculptor.
Biography
Olga Jevrić was born in Belgrade in 1922. In 1941 she graduated from high school, but initially failed the entrance exam to study in the Sculpture departmen ...
Petar Ubavkić
Peter Ubavkić (12 April 1852 in Belgrade – 28 June 1910 in Belgrade) was a Serbian sculptor and painter, recognized as the premier sculptor of Serbia, given the task to create a series of national monuments of which he authored many. He was ...
Stevan Bodnarov
Stevan Bodnarov (Serbian Cyrillic: Стеван Боднаров; Gospođinci, 12 August 1905 - Belgrade, Serbia, 20 May 1993) was a Serbian sculptor.
and painter.
Biography
Stevan Bodnarov was born on 12 August 1905 in Gospođinci, a town which ...
, Oscar Barbella and .
Some of the specific, important works include:
* A statue of the girl in the
crinoline
A crinoline is a stiff or structured petticoat designed to hold out a woman's skirt, popular at various times since the mid-19th century. Originally, crinoline described a stiff fabric made of horsehair ("crin") and cotton or linen which was ...
dress on the parcel of merchant and benefactor Joca Jovanović Šapčanin; work of Italian sculptor Achille Canessa.
* The Muses of literature and painting on the family tomb of
Matija Ban
Matija Ban ( sr-Cyrl, Матија Бан; 6 December 1818 – 14 March 1903) was a Serbo- Croatian poet, dramatist, and playwright. He is known as one of the earliest proponents of the Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik.
Ban was born in near ...
, his daughter Poleksija Todorović and her husband Stevan Todorović.
* The oldest reliefs in the cemetery are done by Đorđe Jovanović for the tomb of Andra Nikolić. Some of the reliefs represent Nikolić's four younger children, who all died of
diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium '' Corynebacterium diphtheriae''. Most infections are asymptomatic or have a mild clinical course, but in some outbreaks more than 10% of those diagnosed with the disease may die. Signs and s ...
. A broken column was sculptured on the tomb itself, marking the death of Dušan, Nikolić's older son who survived through infancy but was killed in World War I, on the
Suvobor
Suvobor (Serbian Cyrillic: Сувобор) is a mountain in central Serbia, near the town of Gornji Milanovac. Its highest peak ''Suvobor'' has an elevation of above sea level.
The northwestern part of Suvobor is called Rajac (847 m ) and i ...
mountain during the
Battle of Kolubara
The Battle of Kolubara ( sr-cyr, Колубарска битка, german: Schlacht an der Kolubara) was fought between Austria-Hungary and Kingdom of Serbia, Serbia in November and December 1914, during the Serbian Campaign of World War I.
It ...
in 1914.
Church of Saint Nicholas
The newly developed cemetery had no chapel or church, so by the endowment of Draginja and Stanojlo Petrović, a church dedicated to
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas of Myra, ; la, Sanctus Nicolaus (traditionally 15 March 270 – 6 December 343), also known as Nicholas of Bari, was an early Christian bishop of Greeks, Greek descent from the maritime city of Myra in Asia Minor (; modern-da ...
, projected by the architect
Svetozar Ivačković Svetozar Ivačković ( Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Ивачковић) (December 10, 1844 – January 30, 1924) was a distinguished post- Romantic Serbian architect; the most famous representative of the first epoch of the Serbian-Byzantin ...
was built in 1893. The
iconostasis
In Eastern Christianity, an iconostasis ( gr, εἰκονοστάσιον) is a wall of icons and religious paintings, separating the nave from the sanctuary in a Church (building), church. ''Iconostasis'' also refers to a portable icon stand t ...
was painted by
Stevan Todorović
Stevan "Steva" Todorović ( sr-cyr, Стеван-Стева Тодоровић; Novi Sad, 1832–Belgrade, 1925) was a Serbian painter and the founder of modern fencing and Sokol movement in Yugoslavia.
Biography
Todorović was born in Novi Sad ...
and his wife Poleksija. The
frescoes
Fresco (plural ''frescos'' or ''frescoes'') is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster. Water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster, and with the setting of the plaste ...
are work of Andrea Domenico, on the draft by Petar Ranosović. The Petrović couple is buried in the church's crypt, with their 5-year-old son Petar.
For a long time, the church also served for the parochial services, until the Church of Saint Lazar was built in the neighborhood of Bulbulder. In that period weddings and baptisms were also performed in the church, while the public fairs were held in front of it.
Military graveyards
The oldest memorial at Novo groblje complex is the Serbian soldiers'
ossuary
An ossuary is a chest, box, building, well, or site made to serve as the final resting place of human skeletal remains. They are frequently used where burial space is scarce. A body is first buried in a temporary grave, then after some years the ...
built in 1907 which contains remains of the soldiers of Serbian-Ottoman Wars (1876–1878) and
Serbo-Bulgarian War
The Serbo-Bulgarian War or the Serbian–Bulgarian War ( bg, Сръбско-българска война, ''Srăbsko-bălgarska voyna'', sr, Српско-бугарски рат, ''Srpsko-bugarski rat'') was a war between the Kingdom of Serb ...
(1885) that were transferred from Tašmajdan cemetery.NEW CEMETERY , Turistički vodič kroz Beograd
Important part of the complex are the military graveyards with the remains of soldiers from the
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars refers to a series of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan States in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan States of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria declared war upon the Ottoman Empire and defe ...
and
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
. It contains remains of Serbian and other Allied soldiers, as well as
Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,german: Mittelmächte; hu, Központi hatalmak; tr, İttifak Devletleri / ; bg, Централни сили, translit=Tsentralni sili was one of the two main coalitions that fought in ...
soldiers. Beside the Serbian ossuary (Memorial Ossuary to the Defenders of Belgrade 1914-1918), there are separate French,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
n,
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
,
Austro-Hungarian
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
and
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...
n military graveyards.VOJNIČKA GROBLJA > Oltari sebičnih otadžbina ''
Vreme
''Vreme'' ( Serbian for ''Time'') is a weekly news magazine based in Belgrade, Serbia.
History
Launch
In 1990, dissatisfied with the media climate in SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia's largest constituent unit, a group of liberal Serbian intellectuals, ...
'', 22 April 2004 (retrieved: 22 October 2009) The Russian Military Graveyard contains graves of over 3,000 Russian
White émigré
White Russian émigrés were Russians who emigrated from the territory of the former Russian Empire in the wake of the Russian Revolution (1917) and Russian Civil War (1917–1923), and who were in opposition to the revolutionary Bolshevik commun ...
s who arrived to Yugoslavia after the 1917
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a period of Political revolution (Trotskyism), political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire which began during the First World War. This period saw Russia abolish its monarchy and ad ...
and the ensuing
civil war
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
. They include priests, soldiers and some important names in science and culture, who fled the
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks (russian: Большевики́, from большинство́ ''bol'shinstvó'', 'majority'),; derived from ''bol'shinstvó'' (большинство́), "majority", literally meaning "one of the majority". also known in English ...
rule. At the edge of the Russian graveyard are the monumental "Russian Glory" memorial ossuary and the ''Iverskaya'' chapel. The Chapel was designed in 1931 by Valery Vladimirovich Stashevsky, a replica of the original chapel in
Moscow
Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...
which the Bolsheviks demolished that same year.
The ''Alley of the People's Heroes'' is located around the Serbian ossuary. It contains graves of 312 persons, 118 of whom were the People's Heroes of Yugoslavia.
There is also a
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
(
Commonwealth
A commonwealth is a traditional English term for a political community founded for the common good. Historically, it has been synonymous with "republic". The noun "commonwealth", meaning "public welfare, general good or advantage", dates from the ...
) graveyard from World War II. The
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
The Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) is an intergovernmental organisation of six independent member states whose principal function is to mark, record and maintain the graves and places of commemoration of Commonwealth of Nations mil ...
maintain the Commonwealth graves.
The complex also includes graveyards of the victims of
1941
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January–August – 10,072 men, women and children with mental and physical disabilities are asphyxiated with carbon monoxide in a gas chamber, at Hadamar Eu ...
and
1944
Events
Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix.
January
* January 2 – WWII:
** Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command French Army B, part of the Sixth United States Army Group in Nor ...
Bombings of Belgrade, and the ''Alley of Executed Patriots 1941-1944''.
File:Споменик помрлим рањеницима из ратова 1876-77, 1878. и 1885. године, Ново Гробље у Београду DSC 2331.jpg, Monument at the Military graveyard of the Serbian-Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)
File:Novo groblje3.jpg, Memorial Ossuary to the Defenders of Belgrade 1914-1918 with the ''Alley of the People's Heroes'' around it.
File:Свјетлопис талијанског војног гробља у Биограду.jpg, Italian WWI military graveyard
File:Француско војничко гробље, Ново гробље у Београду DSC 2553.jpg, French WWI military graveyard
File:Свјетлопис аустроугарског војног гробља у Биограду, Ново гробље.jpg, Austro-Hungarian WWI military graveyard
File:Спомен костурница руском војницима погинулим уПрвом светском рату, Ново Гробље у Београду DSC 2359.jpg, Russian Ossuary
File:Британско војно гробље у Биограду.jpg, British WWII military graveyard
File:Aleja streljannih rodoljuba Novo groblje Beograd.JPG, The Alley of Executed Patriots 1941-1944
Arcades
Though this section is next to the wall, it was originally envisioned as a series of arches ("arcades"). Eventually, arcades remained only as ornamental and architectural part of the outer wall of the cemetery. The section was built in 1926–1927, concurrently with the Alley of the Greats. It contains tombs of important public figures and wealthier citizens, as the lots in this section were not given to the commoners. Here are the graves of
Milenko Vesnić Milenko (Cyrillic script: Миленко) is a name of Slavic origin, primarily used as a masculine given name. Notable people named Milenko include:
People named Milenko
As a given name
* Milenko Ačimovič (born 1977), Slovenian football pla ...
(1863-1921), politician and diplomat,
Nikola Pašić
Nikola Pašić ( sr-Cyrl, Никола Пашић, ; 18 December 1845 – 10 December 1926) was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat who was a leading political figure for almost 40 years. He was the leader of the People's Radical P ...
(1844-1926), politician,
Janko Vukotić
Janko Vukotić ( sr-cyr, Јанко Вукотић; 18 February 1866 – 4 February 1927) was a Montenegrin serdar, general in the armies of the Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro in the Balkan Wars and World War I.
Biography
Vukotić was b ...
(1866-1927), general and politician,
Sreten Stojanović
Sreten Stojanović ( sr-cyr, Сретен Стојановић; 2 February 1898 – 29 October 1960) was a Serbian sculptor and art critic. His artistic individuality was best observed in portraits made of various materials.
Biography
He was bo ...
(1898-1960), sculptor,
Svetlana Velmar-Janković Svetlana Velmar-Janković ( sr-cyr, Светлана Велмар-Јанковић, , 1 February 1933 – 9 April 2014) was a Serbs, Serbian novelist, essayist, chronicler of Belgrade, and first female laureate of the Isidora Sekulić Award. She was ...
(1933-2014), writer.
Alley of the Greats
Alley of the Greats ( sr, Алеја великана / Aleja velikana) was created in the 19th century with a transfer of the remain of several important persons from the Tašmajdan Cemetery to the New Cemetery. As an architectural unit, it was formed in 1926-1927 as the first lot specifically designed for the nationally important people. It contains 25 tombs and 3 chapels with 113 buried people by 2017. Some of the people buried at the Alley of the Greats are:
*
Kornelije Stanković
Kornelije Stanković ( sr, Корнелије Станковић, Kornelije Stanković, ; 23 August 1831 in Buda16 April 1865) was a Serbian composer, melographer, conductor, pianist and musical writer. He is notable for his four volumes of harmo ...
Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski
Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski - "Stari Bard" (Srbobran, Habsburg Empire, 19 December 1828 - Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, 4 May 1890) was a popular Serbian poet of the second half of the 19th century at the most turbulent time in Europe during the ...
out-of-wedlock
Legitimacy, in traditional Western common law, is the status of a child born to parents who are legally married to each other, and of a child conceived before the parents obtain a legal divorce. Conversely, ''illegitimacy'', also known as '' ...
son of Prince
Mihailo Obrenović
Prince Mihailo Obrenović III of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, Михаило Обреновић, Mihailo Obrenović; 16 September 1823 – 10 June 1868) was the ruling Principality of Serbia, Prince of Serbia from 1839 to 1842 and again from 1860 to 1868. ...
*
Dimitrije Tucović
Dimitrije "Mita" Tucović ( sr-Cyrl, Димитрије Туцовић, ; 13 May 1881 – November 1914) was a Serbian theorist of the socialist movement, politician, writer and publisher. He was founder of the Serbian Social Democratic Par ...
(1881-1914), socialist leader
*
Petar Kočić
Petar Kočić ( sr-Cyrl, Петар Кочић; 29 June 1877 – 27 August 1916) was a Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnian Serb writer, activist and politician. Born in rural northwestern Bosnia (region), Bosnia in the final days of Ot ...
(1877–1916), writer
*
Radomir Putnik
Radomir Putnik ( sr, Радомир Путник; ; 24 January 1847 – 17 May 1917) was the first Serbian Field Marshal and Chief of the General Staff of the Serbian army in the Balkan Wars and in the First World War. He served in every war in ...
(1847-1917), fieldmarshal
*
Živojin Mišić
Field Marshal Živojin Mišić ( sr-cyrl, Живојин Мишић; 19 July 1855 in Struganik – 20 January 1921 in Belgrade) was a Field Marshal who participated in all of Serbia's wars from 1876 to 1918. He directly commanded the First Ser ...
Jovan Cvijić
Jovan Cvijić ( sr-cyr, Јован Цвијић, ; 1865 – 16 January 1927) was a Serbian geographer and ethnologist, president of the Serbian Royal Academy of Sciences and rector of the University of Belgrade. Cvijić is considered the ...
(1865–1927), geographer
*
Miloš Vasić
Miloš Vasić ( sr-Cyrl, Милош Васић, born 10 January 1991) is a Serbian rower. He represented Serbia at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics. He competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in the men's coxless pair together with Martin Mačko ...
(1859-1935), general and weapons constructor
*
Branislav Nušić
Branislav Nušić ( sr-cyr, Бранислав Нушић, ; – 19 January 1938) was a Serbian playwright, satirist, essayist, novelist and founder of modern rhetoric in Serbia. He also worked as a journalist and a civil servant.
Life
Bra ...
(1864-1938), comedy playwright
*
Slobodan Jovanović
Slobodan Jovanović ( sr-Cyrl, Слободан Јовановић; 3 December 1869 – 12 December 1958) was a Serbian and Yugoslav writer, historian, lawyer, philosopher, literary critic, diplomat, politician and one of the most prominent int ...
(1869–1958), philosopher and politician
* Stevan Hristić (1885–1958), composer
*
Milunka Savić
Milunka Savić CMG ( sr-cyr, Милунка Савић; 28 June 1892 or 10 August 1888 – 5 October 1973) was a Serbian war heroine who fought in the Balkan Wars and in World War I. She is the most-decorated female combatant in the recorded h ...
(1892-1973),
female soldier
Women have served in the military in many different roles in various jurisdictions throughout history. Women in many countries are no longer excluded from some types of combat missions such as piloting, mechanics, and infantry officer. Since 1 ...
Kolarac, Kaćanski and Aberdar were reinterred from the old Tašmajdan cemetery. Jovanović was exhumed from his London grave and reinterred in 2011. Savić was reinterred from her family tomb on the cemetery in 2013, while the remains of Tucović were moved from the
Slavija Square
Slavija Square ( sr-cyr, Трг Славија, Trg Slavija) is a major commercial junction between the intersections of Kralja Milana, Beogradska, Makenzijeva, Svetosavska, Bulevar oslobođenja, Deligradska and Nemanjina streets in Belgrade. The s ...
in December 2016, during the square's reconstruction. The three chapels belong to Teodorović, the family of Stevan Hristić and the .
Alley of Distinguished Citizens
The ''Alley of Distinguished Citizens'' ( sr, Алеја заслужних грађана / Aleja zaslužnih građana) was created in 1965, and it has since been used for the burials of distinguished and important citizens. Prior to the burial, a special procedure must be completed and approval from the City Assembly of
Belgrade
Belgrade ( , ;, ; Names of European cities in different languages: B, names in other languages) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities in Serbia, largest city in Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers a ...
and
Mayor of Belgrade
The Mayor of Belgrade ( sr, Градоначелник Београда / ''Gradonačelnik Beograda'') is the head of the City of Belgrade (the capital and largest city of Serbia). The Mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive ...
must be granted. It contains single and group tombs of important writers, artists, actors, singers, generals, people's heroes and other important persons. It occupies the central part of the cemetery.
Though the first deceased were transferred to the Alley from other cemeteries starting in 1965, the first person buried directly in the Alley was Branko Jevremović, judge of the Constitutional Court of Yugoslavia, on 28 April 1969. On average, 16 persons per year were buried, but the authorities lifted this number in the late 2010s (23 in 2019, 25 in 2020), including more people from the entertainment industry and those close to the ruling establishment, which caused some protests. By 2021, 800 people were buried in total, leaving only 30 empty lots. In March 2021, expansion of the alley with further 95 tombs and 104 urn slots was announced, but also the construction of another alley at the New Bežanija Cemetery, under the name of Alley of the Distinguished Belgraders.
Some of the people buried at the Alley of Distinguished Citizens are:
*
Paja Jovanović
Pavle "Paja" Jovanović ( sr-cyr, Павле "Паја" Јовановић; ; 16 June 1859 – 30 November 1957) was a Serbian painter who painted more than 1,100 works including: '' The Wounded Montenegrin'' (1882), '' Decorating of the Bride'' ...
(1859–1957), painter. The urn with his ashes was transferred here after his wife's death.
*
Slobodan Jovanović
Slobodan Jovanović ( sr-Cyrl, Слободан Јовановић; 3 December 1869 – 12 December 1958) was a Serbian and Yugoslav writer, historian, lawyer, philosopher, literary critic, diplomat, politician and one of the most prominent int ...
(1869–1958), historian, lawyer, literary critic and politician
*
Milo Milunović
Milo Milunović (6 August 1897 in Cetinje, Principality of Montenegro – 11 February 1967 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, SFRY) was a distinguished Yugoslav and Montenegrin painter. He dabbled in both Impressionism and Cubism.
Biography
Milunović ...
(1897–1967), painter
*
Radivoj Korać
Radivoj Korać ( sr-cyrl, Радивој Кораћ; 5 November 1938 – 2 June 1969) was a Serbian and Yugoslav professional basketball player. He represented the Yugoslavia national basketball team internationally. Korać is well-known f ...
(1938–1969), basketball player
*
Bojan Stupica
Miroslava "Mira" Stupica ( sr-cyr, Мирослава Мира Ступица; née Todorović; 17 August 1923 – 19 August 2016) was a Serbian actress best known for her work in the theater, but also had extensive career on television and in fi ...
(1910–1970), theater and film director
*
Petar Lubarda
Petar Lubarda (Serbian Cyrillic: Петар Лубарда); 27 July 1907 – 13 February 1974) was a Montenegrin painter born in Cetinje.
Biography
He was born in Ljubotinj, near Cetinje, Principality of Montenegro. Lubarda's father was an off ...
(1907–1974), painter
*
Ivo Andrić
Ivo Andrić ( sr-Cyrl, Иво Андрић, ; born Ivan Andrić; 9 October 1892 – 13 March 1975) was a Yugoslav novelist, poet and short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1961. His writings dealt mainly with life in ...
(1892–1975), writer and
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...
winner
*
Miloš Crnjanski
Miloš Crnjanski ( sr-cyr, Милош Црњански, ; 26 October 1893 – 30 November 1977) was a Serbian writer and poet of the expressionist wing of Serbian modernism, author, and a diplomat.
Biography
Crnjanski was born in Csongrád (mode ...
(1893–1977), poet, author, and a diplomat
*
Ivan Tabaković
Ivan Tabaković (10 December 1898, Arad – 27 June 1977, Belgrade) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Serbian painter.
Biography
Tabaković was born in Arad, then part of the Habsburg Empire, in 1898, to a Serbian family. He studied at the B ...
(1898–1977), painter
*
Ljubinka Bobić
Ljubinka Bobić (2 January 1897 – 3 December 1978) was a Yugoslav actress. She appeared in more than fifteen films from 1951 to 1975.
Biography
She was born in Kruševac in a poor family with five children. Her brother Miroljub Bobić, a teac ...
Meša Selimović
Mehmed "Meša" Selimović (; ; 26 April 1910 – 11 July 1982) was a Yugoslav writer, whose novel '' Death and the Dervish'' is one of the most important literary works in post-World War II Yugoslavia. Some of the main themes in his works are the ...
(1910–1982), writer
* Dušan Radović (1922–1984), journalist and writer
*
Branko Ćopić
Branko Ćopić ( sr-cyrl, Бранко Ћопић, ; 1 January 1915 – 26 March 1984) was a Serbian, Bosnian and Yugoslavian writer. He wrote poetry, short stories and novels, and became famous for his stories for children and young adults, oft ...
(1915–1984), writer
*
Zoran Radmilović
Zoran Radmilović ( sr-cyr, Зоран Радмиловић; 11 May 1933 – 21 July 1985) was a Serbian actor who had some of the most memorable roles in the history of former Yugoslav cinema.
He studied law, architecture and philology at the ...
(1933–1985), actor
*
Matija Vuković
Matija Vuković ( Platičevo, 26 July 1925 – Belgrade, 21 June 1985) was a Serbian sculptor.
Biography
Matija Vuković was born into a poor farming family in Platičevo, on 26 July 1925. From his native village, near Ruma, after primary ...
(1925–1985), sculptor
*
Kosta Nađ
Konstantin "Kosta" Nađ ( hu, Nagy Kosztá; 13 May 1911 – 19 November 1986) was a Yugoslav Partisan Army general that fought during World War II.
Biography
Born on 13 May 1911 in Petrovaradin, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, he fought as a volu ...
(1911–1986), Yugoslav Partisan Army general
*
Danilo Kiš
Danilo Kiš (; born Dániel Kiss; 22 February 1935 – 15 October 1989) was a Yugoslav novelist, short story writer, essayist and translator. His best known works include ''Hourglass'', ''A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'' and '' The Encyclopedia of ...
(1935–1989), writer
*
Oskar Davičo
Oskar Davičo ( sr-cyr, Оскар Давичо; 18 January 1909 — 30 September 1989) was a Serbian and Yugoslavian novelist and poet. A leading literary figure of his generation, he was one of the most acclaimed Serbian surrealist writers, but ...
(1909—1989), writer
* Stjepan Bobek (1923–2010), footballer
* Rrahman Morina (1943–1990), communist politician
*
Miodrag Bulatović
Miodrag Bulatović ( cnr-Cyrl, Миодраг Булатовић; 20 February 1930 – 15 March 1991), was a writer, novelist, journalist and playwright. He is considered to be one of the best Montenegrin novelists and remains the most translated M ...
(1930–1991), writer
*
Vasko Popa
Vasile "Vasko" Popa ( sr-Cyrl, Васко Попа; 29 June 1922 – 5 January 1991) was a Serbian poet.
Biography
Popa was born in the village of Grebenac ( ro, Grebenaț), Vojvodina, Yugoslavia (present-day Serbia). After finishing high s ...
(1922–1991), poet
*
Borislav Pekić
Borislav Pekić ( sr-cyr, Борислав Пекић, ; 4 February 1930 – 2 July 1992) was a Serbian and Yugoslav writer and political activist.
He was born in 1930, to a prominent family in Montenegro, at that time part of the Kingdom of Yugo ...
(1930–1992), writer
*
Jovan Rašković
Jovan Rašković ( sr-cyr, Јован Рашковић, ; 5 July 1929 – 28 July 1992) was a Croatian Serb psychiatrist, academic and politician.
Early life
Rašković was born in Knin in 1929. During World War II, after an Ustasha pogrom which ...
(1929–1992), psychiatrist and politician
*
Koča Popović
Konstantin "Koča" Popović ( sr-cyrl, Константин "Коча" Поповић; 14 March 1908 – 20 October 1992) was a Yugoslav politician and communist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, 1937–1939 and Divisional Commander of the Fir ...
(1908–1992), Partisan Army general, Chiefs of the General Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army, Foreign Minister, Vice President of Yugoslavia
* Miloš Žutić (1939-1993), actor
* Rahela Ferari (1911–1994), actress
*
Mija Aleksić
Milosav "Mija" Aleksić ( sr-cyr, Милосав "Мија" Алексић; 26 September 1923 – 12 March 1995) was a Serbian actor.
Early life
Aleksić was born in the Gornja Crnuća village within the municipality of Gornji Milanovac, King ...
, (1923–1995), actor
*
Milić od Mačve
Milić Stanković (1934 – 2000), known by his artistic name Milić of Mačva ( sr, Милић од Мачве, Milić od Mačve; 30 October 1934 – 8 December 2000), was a Serbian painter and artist often named Balkan's Dalí for his figurat ...
(1934–2000), painter
*
Radmila Savićević
Radmila Savićević ( sr-Cyrl, Радмила Савићевић; 8 February 1926 - 8 November 2001) was a Serbian actress. She appeared in more than sixty films from 1961 to 2000.
Selected filmography
References
External links
*
19 ...
(1926-2001), actress
*
Zoran Đinđić
Zoran Đinđić ( sr-Cyrl, Зоран Ђинђић, ; 1 August 1952 – 12 March 2003) was a Serbian politician who served as the prime minister of Serbia from 2001 until his assassination in 2003. He was the mayor of Belgrade in 1997. Đinđi ...
(1952–2003),
Prime Minister of Serbia
The prime minister of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, премијерка Србије, premijerka Srbije; masculine: премијер/premijer), officially the president of the Government of the Republic of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, председница Влад ...
*
Bata Paskaljević
Mihajlo "Bata" Paskaljević ( sr-cyr, Михајло "Бата" Паскаљевић; 14 January 1923 – 26 January 2004) was a Serbian stage, film, and television actor, permanent member of the Belgrade Drama Theatre since 1950. ...
(1923–2004), actor
* Stevo Žigon (1926–2005), actor and director
*
Ljuba Tadić
Ljubomir "Ljuba" Tadić ( sr-cyr, Љубомир Љуба Тадић; 31 May 1929 – 28 October 2005) was a Yugoslav actor who enjoyed a reputation as one of the greatest names in the history of former Yugoslav cinema.
Biography
He made his scr ...
(1929–2005), actor
*
Žika Mitrović
Živorad "Žika" Mitrović ( sr-Cyrl, Жика Митровић; 3 September 1921 – 29 January 2005) was a Serbian and SFR Yugoslavia, Yugoslav film director and screenwriter. He started his career as a comics artist. Mitrovic directed 20 f ...
(1921–2005), movie director and screenwriter
* Nikola Ljubičić (1916–2005), General of the Army, Minister of Defence of Yugoslavia,
President of Serbia
The president of Serbia ( sr, Председник Србије, Predsednik Srbije), officially styled as the President of the Republic ( sr, Председник Републике, Predsednik Republike) is the head of state of Serbia.
The curr ...
Nenad Bogdanović
Nenad Bogdanović ( sr-cyr, Ненад Богдановић, ; 12 May 1954 – 27 September 2007) was a Serbian politician who served as the mayor of Belgrade from 2004 to 2007.
Education and career
Bogdanović was born on 12 May 1954. He complet ...
(1954–2007),
Mayor of Belgrade
The Mayor of Belgrade ( sr, Градоначелник Београда / ''Gradonačelnik Beograda'') is the head of the City of Belgrade (the capital and largest city of Serbia). The Mayor acts on behalf of the city, and performs an executive ...
Olja Ivanjicki
Olja (Olga) Ivanjicki ( sr-cyr, Оља Ивањицки; 10 May 1931, in Pančevo – 24 June 2009, in Belgrade) was a Serbian painter, sculptor and poet.
Life, work and awards
Olga Ivanjicki, the daughter of Russian emigrants was born in Pan ...
(1931–2009), painter and sculptor
*
Mladen Srbinović
Mladen Srbinović (Sušica near Gostivar, 29 November 1925 — Belgrade, 12 May 2009) was a Serbian painter, member of the Arts and Sciences academies of Serbia and Macedonia and professor of Belgrade University.
Biography
Mladen Srbinović ...
(1925—2009), painter
*
Milorad Pavić
Milorad Pavić ( sr-Cyrl, Милорад Павић, ; 15 October 1929 – 30 November 2009) was a Serbian novelist, poet, short story writer, and literary historian. Born in Belgrade in 1929, he published a number of poems, short stories ...
(1929–2009), writer and literary historian
*
Oskar Danon
Oskar Danon (7 February 1913 – 18 December 2009) ''
(1913–2009), composer and conductor
*
Rade Marković
Radomir "Rade" Marković ( sr-cyr, Радомир Раде Марковић; 14 October 1921 – 10 September 2010) was a Serbian actor. He performed in more than ninety films. He was married to actress Olivera Marković from 1945 until they div ...
(1921–2010), actor
*
Momo Kapor
Momčilo "Momo" Kapor ( sr-cyr, Момчило Момо Капор; 8 April 1937 – 3 March 2010) was a Serbian novelist and painter.
He authored several screenplays, over forty novels, short stories, travel and autobiographic books and essays. H ...
(1937–2010), writer and painter
* Voki Kostić (1931–2010), composer
*
Petar Kralj
Petar Kralj ( sr-cyr, Петар Краљ; 4 April 1941 – 10 November 2011) was a Serbian theater, film and television actor.
Biography
Kralj was born in Zagreb to a Serb family from Banija. During World War II his family fled to Syrmia, ...
Milorad Bata Mihailović
Milorad Bata Mihailović (8 February 1923 – 23 April 2011) was a Serbian painter.
Biography
Mihailović was born in Pančevo, Belgrade oblast. Since 1946, he studied in the class of professor Ivan Tabaković at the Faculty of Fine Arts of ...
(1923–2011), painter
*
Svetozar Gligorić
Svetozar Gligorić (Serbian Cyrillic: Светозар Глигорић, 2 February 1923 – 14 August 2012) was a Serbian and Yugoslav chess grandmaster and musician. He won the championship of Yugoslavia a record twelve times, and is consider ...
(1923-2012), chess player
*
Jelena Genčić
Jelena Genčić ( sr-cyr, Јелена Генчић, ; 9 October 1936 – 1 June 2013) was a Serbian tennis and handball player and coach.
In the 1970s she became a junior tennis coach and was later credited for playing a major role in the early ...
(1936–2013), tennis and handball player and coach
*
Ružica Sokić
Ružica Sokić ( sr-cyr, Ружица Сокић; 14 December 1934 – 19 December 2013) was a Serbian actress and writer.
Born in Belgrade, then Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Sokić began her acting career in 1957 and was credited in over 40 films a ...
(1934–2013), actress
* Velimir Bata Živojinović (1933-2016), actor (in 2020 reinterred to his birthplace,
Koraćica
Koraćica (Serbian Cyrillic: Кораћица) is a village situated in Mladenovac municipality in Serbia
Serbia (, ; Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeastern and Centra ...
)
*
Dragan Nikolić
Dragoslav "Dragan" Nikolić ( sr-cyr, Драгослав Драган Николић, ; 20 August 1943 – 11 March 2016) was a Yugoslav and later, Serbian actor.
Nikolić studied at Dramatic Arts Academy in Belgrade. In 1967 he starred in the ...
(1943-2016), actor
*
Nebojša Glogovac
Nebojša "Glogi" Glogovac ( sr-Cyrl, Небојша Глоговац; 30 August 19699 February 2018) was an award-winning Serbian actor, notable for performances in theater, television and film.
He was a member of the Children's Drama Group of ...
(1969–2018), actor
*
Milena Dravić
Milena Dravić ( sr-Cyrl, Милена Дравић, ; 5 October 1940 – 14 October 2018) was a Yugoslav and Serbian film, television and theatre actress.
Biography
Born in Belgrade, Dravić became involved with performing arts at the age of fou ...
(1940-2018), actress
*
Šaban Šaulić
Šaban Šaulić ( sr-cyr, Шабан Шаулић; 6 September 1951 – 17 February 2019) was a Serbian folk singer. Renowned for his refined baritone vocals and performances characterised by emotional intensity and crowd interaction, his career ...
(1951-2019), singer
*
Isidora Bjelica
Isidora Bjelica ( sr-Cyrl, Исидора Бјелица; 10 December 1966 – 5 August 2020) was a Serbian prose writer, playwright and public figure.
Early life and career
Bjelica was born in Sarajevo where she graduated from gymnasium. She t ...
(1966-2020), writer
*
Džej Ramadanovski
Džej Ramadanovski (; 29 May 1964 – 6 December 2020) was a Serbian singer of folk, turbo-folk and pop-folk music.
He started his career in 1987 and released a series of albums during 1990s, but retired from recording due to ill health in the ...
Sanja Ilić
Aleksandar "Sanja" Ilić ( sr-Cyr, Александар "Сања" Илић; 27 March 1951 – 7 March 2021) was a Serbian and Yugoslav musician and composer.
Ilić started composing as a teenager. In 1971 he formed the rock band San, which d ...
(1951-2021), musician and composer
*
Đorđe Marjanović
Đorđe Marjanović ( sr-Cyr, Ђорђе Марјановић; 30 October 1931 – 15 May 2021) was a Serbian and Yugoslav singer.
Marjanović began his career in the mid-1950s, rising to fame in the late 1950s with his theatrical on-stage per ...
(1931-2021), singer
* Bora Ivkov (1933-2022), chess player
Family tombs
Important people from Serbian history, culture and science have been buried in their individual or family tombs. They include:
*
Ilija Čarapić
Ilija Čarapić (, ), was the first Mayor of Belgrade, Serbia. He was born in 1792 in Beli Potok, near Avala, and died in 1844. He was son of the Voyvode Vasa Čarapić and the brother-in-law of Karađorđe, appointed as Voyvode or Duke of Grock ...
(1792-1844), mayor of Belgrade
* Uzun-Mirko Apostolović (1782-1868), military commander
*
Ilija Garašanin
Ilija Garašanin ( sr-cyr, Илија Гарашанин; 28 January 1812 – 22 June 1874) was a Serbian statesman who served as the prime minister of Serbia between 1852 and 1853 and again from 1861 to 1867.
Ilija Garašanin was conservati ...
(1812–74), politician
*
Đura Jakšić
Georgije "Đura" Jakšić ( sr-Cyrl, Георгије Ђура Јакшић; 27 July 1832 – 16 November 1878) was a Serbian poet, painter, writer, dramatist and bohemian.
Biography
Đura Jakšić was born as Georgije Jakšić in Srpska Crnja, ...
(1832–78), poet and painter
*
Katarina Ivanović
Katarina Ivanović (1811–1882) was a Serbian painter from the Austrian Empire (later Hungary in Austria-Hungary). She is regarded as the first Serbian female painter in modern art history.
Biography
Ivanović was born in Veszprém in the Austr ...
(1811–82), painter
*
Jevrem Grujić
Jevrem Grujić ( sr-Cyrl, Јеврем Грујић; November 8, 1827 – September 15, 1895) was a Serbian lawyer, politician and diplomat in the mid to late 19th century. Grujić was active at the highest levels of Serbian politics, contributing ...
(1826–95), politician
*
Jovan Ristić
Jovan Ristić ( sr-Cyr, Јован Ристић; 16 January 1831 – 4 September 1899) was a Serbian politician, diplomat and historian.
Biography
Born at Kragujevac, he was educated at Belgrade, Heidelberg, Berlin and Paris. After failing to ob ...
(1831–99), politician
*
Matija Ban
Matija Ban ( sr-Cyrl, Матија Бан; 6 December 1818 – 14 March 1903) was a Serbo- Croatian poet, dramatist, and playwright. He is known as one of the earliest proponents of the Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik.
Ban was born in near ...
(1818-1903), author and diplomat
*
Nadežda Petrović
Nadežda Petrović ( sr-Cyrl, Надежда Петровић; 11/12 October 1873 – 3 April 1915) was a Serbian painter and one of the women war photography pioneers in the region. Considered Serbia's most famous expressionist and fauvist, ...
(1873-1915), painter
*
Andra Nikolić
Andra Nikolić ( Belgrade, Principality of Serbia, 5 October 1853 — Paris, France, 28 September 1918) was a Serbian politician, jurist, writer, literary historian and academic.
Biography
His parents were Josif Nikolić, a municipal clerk, and ...
(1853-1918), academic and politician
*
Pavle Jurišić Šturm
Pavle Jurišić Šturm KCMG ( sr-cyr, Павле Јуришић Штурм; 8 August 1848 – 13 January 1922), born Paulus Eugen Sturm, was a Serbian general of Sorbian origin, best known for commanding the Serbian 3rd Army in World War I.
...
(1848-1922), general
*
Stevan Todorović
Stevan "Steva" Todorović ( sr-cyr, Стеван-Стева Тодоровић; Novi Sad, 1832–Belgrade, 1925) was a Serbian painter and the founder of modern fencing and Sokol movement in Yugoslavia.
Biography
Todorović was born in Novi Sad ...
(1832-1925), painter
*
Petar Bojović
Petar Bojović (, ; 16 July 1858 – 19 January 1945) was a Serbian military commander who fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War, World War I and World War II. Following the brea ...
(1858-1945), fieldmarshal
*
Stanislav Vinaver
Stanislav Vinaver ( sr-Cyrl, Станислав Винавер; 1 March 1891 – 1 August 1955) was a Serbian writer, poet, translator and journalist. Vinaver was born to affluent Ashkenazi Jews, Ashkenazi Jewish parents that had immigrated to Se ...
(1891-1955), author
*
Aleksandar Deroko
Aleksandar Deroko ( sr-cyr, Александар Дероко; 4 September 1894 – 30 November 1988) was a Serbian architect, artist, and author. He was a professor of the Belgrade University and a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Ar ...
Adjacent to the main complex of the New Cemetery, there is a small Jawish
Ashkenazi
Ashkenazi Jews ( ; he, יְהוּדֵי אַשְׁכְּנַז, translit=Yehudei Ashkenaz, ; yi, אַשכּנזישע ייִדן, Ashkenazishe Yidn), also known as Ashkenazic Jews or ''Ashkenazim'',, Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation: , singu ...
cemetery. It is located directly across the street from the larger
Sephardic Jewish
Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), pt, Judeus sefar ...
Cemetery. It is known for its sculptures, including the "Kiss of death" by Toma Rosandić, on the tomb of Jakov and Ruža Klopfer. The Ashkenazi cemetery, founded in 1876, is closed for further expansion as there is no room left.
The Western portion
This part of the complex consists of a memorial military graveyard and a Sephardic Jewish cemetery, on the left side of the ''Ruzveltova'' street.
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
expelled occupying Germans from Belgrade on 20 October 1944, 24 Red Army tank crewmen were killed. On 23 October 1944, a funeral procession consisting of 24 tanks moved from the
Slavija Square
Slavija Square ( sr-cyr, Трг Славија, Trg Slavija) is a major commercial junction between the intersections of Kralja Milana, Beogradska, Makenzijeva, Svetosavska, Bulevar oslobođenja, Deligradska and Nemanjina streets in Belgrade. The s ...
to the Republic Square, where the crewmen were buried. In 1954 the crypt and the monument, so as the remains of all the other soldiers, were moved to the Belgrade New Cemetery and the Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators has been formed. Officially opened on 20 October 1954, to mark the 10th anniversary of the liberation of Belgrade, the design of the complex became a blueprint for numerous other memorial sites in Yugoslavia.
Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators (Гробље ослободилаца Београда / Groblje oslobodilaca Beograda), though part of the cemetery complex, is located on the other (western) side of the street, across from the main part of the Belgrade New Cemetery. It contains graves of 2,944 National Liberation Army soldiers and 961
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
soldiers and the
mass grave
A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial. The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact ...
of 1,381 National Liberation Army soldiers and 711 Red Army soldiers who died during the Belgrade Offensive.
The cemetery includes Liberators of Belgrade memorial with the monumental gates covered in
relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces are bonded to a solid background of the same material. The term ''relief'' is from the Latin verb ''relevo'', to raise. To create a sculpture in relief is to give the impression that the ...
s by sculptor Rade Stanković and the "Red Army Soldier" sculpture by
Antun Augustinčić
Antun Augustinčić (4 May 1900 – 10 May 1979) was a Croatian sculptor active in Yugoslavia and the United States. Along with Ivan Meštrović and Frano Kršinić he is considered one of the three most important Croatian sculptors of the 20th ...
. Stanković also sculptured a statue of Partisan holding a gun in front of the memorial, named "Combatant on eternal watch". The complex was the first memorial complex built in Belgrade after World War II. It was designed by architect Branko Bon and horticultural engineer Aleksandar Krstić. In its own right, the Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators was declared a cultural monument in 1987.
The cemetery was partially renovated in 2019, celebrating 75 years of World War II liberation. A three-colored decorative lights were placed, white, blue and red, in the colors of both Serbian and Russian flags. The colorful lights on the cemetery of the killed soldiers wasn't received well by the public.
During his visit to Belgrade in February 2020,
Russian Minister of Defence
The Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation (russian: Министерство обороны Российской Федерации, Минобороны России, informally abbreviated as МО, МО РФ or Minoboron) is the govern ...
Sergey Shoygu
Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, ; tyv, Сергей Күжүгет оглу Шойгу, translit=Sergey Kyzhyget oglu Shoygu, . (russian: Сергей Кужугетович Шойгу; born 21 May 1955) is a Russian politician who has served as ...
brought a pot of Russian earth from
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
, which was poured at the location of the Eternal Flame, also marking the beginning of its construction. The sculptural-architectural composition is work of the Russian sculptor Andrey Tyrtyshnikov. It is the second memorial named Eternal Flame in Belgrade, after the 2000 memorial erected in
Staro Sajmište
Staro Sajmište ( sr-cyr, Старо Сајмиште, Old Fairground) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia. It is located in Belgrade's municipality of New Belgrade, and it was the site of the World War II Sajmište concen ...
. Opening was planned for 26 March, during the visit of the Russian foreign minister
Sergey Lavrov
Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov (russian: Сергей Викторович Лавров, ; born 21 March 1950) is a Russian diplomat and politician who has served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Foreign Minister of Russia since 2004.
...
to Serbia. This was all postponed due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identif ...
. In September 2020 it was announced that the memorial will be opened by the end of the year. On 14 December 2020, the flame was lit from the eternal flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Moscow and transported to Belgrade by the Russian Defence ministry's plane. It was lit the next day, in the presence of Serbian president
Aleksandar Vučić
Aleksandar Vučić ( sr-Cyrl, Александар Вучић, ; born 5 March 1970) is a Serbian politician serving as the president of Serbia since 2017, and as the president of the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) since 2012.
Vučić served ...
and minister Lavrov.
Sephardic Jewish cemetery
Next to the Cemetery of Liberators is the
Jew
Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""Th ...
ish
Sephardic
Sephardic (or Sephardi) Jews (, ; lad, Djudíos Sefardíes), also ''Sepharadim'' , Modern Hebrew: ''Sfaradim'', Tiberian Hebrew, Tiberian: Səp̄āraddîm, also , ''Ye'hude Sepharad'', lit. "The Jews of Spain", es, Judíos sefardíes (or ), ...
cemetery with the remains of Jewish soldiers who died in the Balkan Wars and World War I, ossuary of Jewish refugees from
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
and the Memorial to the
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
victims and Jewish soldiers died in World War II by the architect Bogdan Bogdanović. It is one of two Jewish cemeteries in Belgrade which is cared for by the
Chevra kadisha
The term ''Chevra kadisha'' (Modern Hebrew: חֶבְרָה קַדִּישָׁא) gained its modern sense of "burial society" in the nineteenth century. It is an organization of Jewish men and women who see to it that the bodies of deceased Je ...
commission.
The original Sephardic cemetery was established in 1888, further down the ''Dalmatinska'' Street. In 1925 it was moved across the New Cemetery, on the lot owned by Đorđe Kurtović, a merchant from
Šabac
Šabac (Serbian Cyrillic: Шабац, ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Mačva District in western Serbia. The traditional centre of the fertile Mačva region, Šabac is located on the right banks of the river Sava. , the city p ...
, who sold it to the Jewish community. Today it covers and has over 4,000 tombstones. In July 2019, city decided to expand the cemetery as it became inadequate long time ago. The area of the cemetery will be enlarged more than a double, with additional .
The cemetery is divided by the central pathway with an
avenue
Avenue or Avenues may refer to:
Roads
* Avenue (landscape), traditionally a straight path or road with a line of trees, in the shifted sense a tree line itself, or some of boulevards (also without trees)
* Avenue Road, Bangalore
* Avenue Road, ...
of pines. Close to the entrance is the impressive monument to dead soldiers from the 1912-1919 wars, erected in 1927. Officially named "Monument to the fallen warriors for the salvation, freedom and unification of the homeland", it has inscribed 132 names of the Serbian Jewish soldiers. The monument combines Serbian (two headed eagle, fire-steels, lyrics by Njegoš), Jewish (Star of David) and military symbols (riffle, sabre, ''
šajkača
The ''šajkača'' ( sr-Cyrl, шајкача, ) is the Serbian national hat or cap. Traditionally worn by men in the Serbian countryside, it is named after Serb river troops known as '' šajkaši'', who protected the Austrian Empire against the ...
''). In Jewish tradition, the pebbles have been placed next to the soldier's names.
The stone-made Holocaust memorial which commemorates Jewish victims from 1941 to 1945 is at the end of the path. More specifically, it is dedicated to the 1941 execution of the Austrian Jews in the Zasavica bog in western Serbia. The access paths to the memorial are made from the remains of the Jewish houses demolished during the bombings of Belgrade and occupation in World War II. Though the monument was sculptured by Bogdanović in 1952 and it is not that old, its exact symbolism is unknown. There are three explanations: 1) two wings represent the Ashkenazi and the Sephardic Jews while the space between with the menorah symbolizes the parting of the
Red Sea
The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...
by
Moses
Moses hbo, מֹשֶׁה, Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ, ); syr, ܡܘܫܐ, Mūše; ar, موسى, Mūsā; grc, Mωϋσῆς, Mōÿsēs () is considered the most important pro ...
and road to freedom; 2) tablets with 10 commands; 3) hands on one wing represent the
Kohen
Kohen ( he, , ''kōhēn'', , "priest", pl. , ''kōhănīm'', , "priests") is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. Levitical priests or ''kohanim'' are traditionally b ...
while the pitcher on another represents the
Tribe of Levi
According to the Bible, the Tribe of Levi is one of the tribes of Israel, traditionally descended from Levi, son of Jacob. The descendants of Aaron, who was the first ''kohen gadol'' (high priest) of Israel, were designated as the priestly class, ...
. Within the memorial are the ossuary with 197 skeletons and the
urn
An urn is a vase, often with a cover, with a typically narrowed neck above a rounded body and a footed pedestal. Describing a vessel as an "urn", as opposed to a vase or other terms, generally reflects its use rather than any particular shape or ...
with the remains of Bogdanović, upon his wish even though he was not Jewish, which was approved by the Serbian Jewish community.
Other monuments include the one above the joint tomb of the children died from the
Spanish flu
The 1918–1920 influenza pandemic, commonly known by the misnomer Spanish flu or as the Great Influenza epidemic, was an exceptionally deadly global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. The earliest documented case was ...
during the Interbellum and the sarcophagi-shaped memorial with the remains of 13 rabbis and teachers reinterred from the old cemetery in the Dalmatinska Street in 1928. There is also a monument to the ill-fated 1939-1941 Kladovo transport. It was erected in 1959 on a design by Andrija Mešulam, after 800 bodies of the victims were collected and reinterred here. Other notable feature is the tomb of the Buli family (, banker and politician; Hugo Buli, who brought football to Serbia. He is not buried in the tomb as he was killed in a
gas van
A gas van or gas wagon (russian: душегубка, ''dushegubka'', literally "soul killer"; german: Gaswagen) was a truck reequipped as a mobile gas chamber. During the World War II Holocaust, Nazi Germany developed and used gas vans on a large ...
and thrown out of it on an unknown location). A Holocaust victim, Avram S. Lević (1869-1941), who saved and protected the Miroslav Gospel in World War I, is also buried here. There is also a genizah, a "grave for the books", built in 1928. The monument is ornamented with an open scroll of
Torah
The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the s ...
RTS
RTS may refer to:
Medicine
* Rape trauma syndrome, the psychological trauma experienced by a rape victim
* Revised Trauma Score, a system to evaluate injuries secondary to violent trauma
* Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome, a condition characterized by ...