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Pre-1600

* 753 BC
Romulus Romulus () was the legendary foundation of Rome, founder and King of Rome, first king of Ancient Rome, Rome. Various traditions attribute the establishment of many of Rome's oldest legal, political, religious, and social institutions to Romulus ...
founds
Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus (legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...
( traditional date). *
43 BC __NOTOC__ Year 43 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday, Common year starting on Monday, Monday or Common year starting on Tuesday, Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday or Leap year starting on Monday, Monday (link will display the ...
Battle of Mutina The Battle of Mutina took place on 21 April 43 BC between the forces loyal to the Senate under Consuls Gaius Vibius Pansa and Aulus Hirtius, supported by the forces of Caesar Octavian, and the forces of Mark Antony which were besieging the tr ...
:
Mark Antony Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autoc ...
is again defeated in battle by
Aulus Hirtius Aulus Hirtius (; – 43 BC) was consul of the Roman Republic in 43 BC and a writer on military subjects. He was killed during his consulship in battle against Mark Antony at the Battle of Mutina. Biography He was a legate of Julius Caesar's sta ...
, who is killed. Antony fails to capture
Mutina Modena (, , ; egl, label= Modenese, Mòdna ; ett, Mutna; la, Mutina) is a city and ''comune'' (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. A town, and seat ...
and Decimus Brutus is murdered shortly after. * 900 – The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (the earliest known written document found in what is now the
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
): the Commander-in-Chief of the Kingdom of Tondo, as represented by the Honourable Jayadewa, Lord Minister of Pailah, pardons from all debt the Honourable Namwaran and his relations. *
1092 Year 1092 ( MXCII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Summer – Emperor Alexios I (Komnenos) bribes one of Kilij Arslan's (sult ...
– The
Diocese of Pisa The Archdiocese of Pisa ( la, Archidioecesis Pisana) is a metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in Pisa, Italy.
is elevated to the rank of metropolitan
archdiocese In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided provinces were administratively associate ...
by
Pope Urban II Pope Urban II ( la, Urbanus II;  – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for convening th ...
*
1506 __NOTOC__ Year 1506 ( MDVI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 14 – The classical statue of ''Laocoön and His Sons'' is uneart ...
– The three-day Lisbon Massacre comes to an end with the slaughter of over 1,900 suspected Jews by Portuguese Catholics. *
1509 __NOTOC__ Year 1509 ( MDIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 21 – The Portuguese first arrive at the Seven Islands of Bombay and ...
Henry VIII Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. Henry is best known for his six marriages, and for his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disa ...
ascends the throne of England on the death of his father, Henry VII. *
1526 Year 1526 ( MDXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 14 – Treaty of Madrid: Peace is declared between Francis I of France and C ...
– The last ruler of the Lodi dynasty,
Ibrahim Lodi Ibrahim Khan Lodi (or Lodhi) (Pashto: ابراهیم خان لودي), (1480 – 21 April 1526) was the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate, who became Sultan in 1517 after the death of his father Sikandar Khan Lodi. He was the last ruler of th ...
is defeated and killed by
Babur Babur ( fa, , lit= tiger, translit= Bābur; ; 14 February 148326 December 1530), born Mīrzā Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad, was the founder of the Mughal Empire in the Indian subcontinent. He was a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan through his ...
in the
First Battle of Panipat The first Battle of Panipat, on 20 April 1526, was fought between the invading forces of Babur and the Lodi dynasty. It took place in North India and marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire and the end of the Delhi Sultanate. This was one of ...
.


1601–1900

*
1615 Events January–June * January 1 – The New Netherland Company is granted a three-year monopoly in North American trade, between the 40th and 45th parallels. * February – Sir Thomas Roe sets out to become the first am ...
– The Wignacourt Aqueduct is inaugurated in
Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...
. *
1782 Events January–March * January 7 – The first American commercial bank (Bank of North America) opens. * January 15 – Superintendent of Finance Robert Morris goes before the United States Congress to recommend establish ...
– The city of Rattanakosin, now known internationally as
Bangkok Bangkok, officially known in Thai language, Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand. The city occupies in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has an estima ...
, is
founded Founding may refer to: * The formation of a corporation, government, or other organization * The laying of a building's Foundation * The casting of materials in a mold See also * Foundation (disambiguation) * Incorporation (disambiguation) In ...
on the eastern bank of the Chao Phraya River by King Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke. *
1789 Events January–March * January – Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès publishes the pamphlet ''What Is the Third Estate?'' ('), influential on the French Revolution. * January 7 – The 1788-89 United States presidential election a ...
John Adams John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801. Befor ...
sworn in as 1st US Vice President (nine days before George Washington) * 1789 –
George Washington's reception at Trenton George Washington's reception at Trenton was a celebration hosted by the Ladies of Trenton social club on April 21, 1789, in Trenton, New Jersey, as George Washington, then president-elect, journeyed from his home at Mount Vernon to his first ...
is hosted by the Ladies of Trenton as he journeys to New York City for his first inauguration. *
1792 Events January–March * January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea. * February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy '' The Road to Ruin'' in London. * February ...
Tiradentes Joaquim José da Silva Xavier (; 12 November 1746 – 21 April 1792), known as Tiradentes (), was a leading member of the colonial Brazilian revolutionary movement known as Inconfidência Mineira, whose aim was full independence from P ...
, a
revolutionary A revolutionary is a person who either participates in, or advocates a revolution. The term ''revolutionary'' can also be used as an adjective, to refer to something that has a major, sudden impact on society or on some aspect of human endeavor. ...
leading a movement for Brazil's independence, is
hanged, drawn and quartered To be hanged, drawn and quartered became a statutory penalty for men convicted of high treason in the Kingdom of England from 1352 under Edward III of England, King Edward III (1327–1377), although similar rituals are recorded during the rei ...
. *
1802 Events January–March * January 5 – Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin, British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, begins removal of the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens, claiming they were at risk of destruction during the Ot ...
– Twelve thousand Wahhabis sack Karbala, killing over three thousand inhabitants. *
1806 Events January–March * January 1 ** The French Republican Calendar is abolished. ** The Kingdom of Bavaria is established by Napoleon. * January 5 – The body of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, lies in state in the Painted Hall ...
Action of 21 April 1806 The action of 21 April 1806 was a minor engagement between a French frigate and British forces off South Africa during the Napoleonic Wars. The Île Bonaparte and Île de France constituted French outposts in the Indian Ocean, from which priva ...
: A French frigate escapes British forces off the coast of South Africa. *
1809 Events January–March * January 5 – The Treaty of the Dardanelles, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. * January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean ...
– Two Austrian army corps are driven from
Landshut Landshut (; bar, Landshuad) is a town in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany. Situated on the banks of the River Isar, Landshut is the capital of Lower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria. It is also t ...
by a
First French Empire The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire (; Latin: ) after 1809, also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Eu ...
army led by
Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
as two French corps to the north hold off the main Austrian army on the first day of the
Battle of Eckmühl The Battle of Eckmühl, fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition. Napoleon I had been unprepared for the start of hostilities on 10 April 1809, by the Austrians under th ...
. *
1821 Events January–March * January 21 – Peter I Island in the Antarctic is first sighted, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen. * January 28 – Alexander Island, the largest in Antarctica, is first discovered by Fabian Gottlieb von Be ...
Benderli Ali Pasha arrives in Constantinople as the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire; he remains in power for only nine days before being sent into exile. *
1836 Events January–March * January 1 – Queen Maria II of Portugal marries Prince Ferdinand Augustus Francis Anthony of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. * January 5 – Davy Crockett arrives in Texas. * January 12 ** , with Charles Darwin on board, r ...
Texas Revolution: The Battle of San Jacinto:
Republic of Texas The Republic of Texas ( es, República de Tejas) was a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846, that bordered Mexico, the Republic of the Rio Grande in 1840 (another breakaway republic from Mex ...
forces under
Sam Houston Samuel Houston (, ; March 2, 1793 – July 26, 1863) was an American general and statesman who played an important role in the Texas Revolution. He served as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas and was one of the first two i ...
defeat troops under Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna. *
1856 Events January–March * January 8 – Borax deposits are discovered in large quantities by John Veatch in California. * January 23 – American paddle steamer SS ''Pacific'' leaves Liverpool (England) for a transatlantic voyag ...
Australian labour movement The Australian labour movement began in the early 19th century and since the late 19th century has included industrial (Australian unions) and political wings (Australian Labor Party). Trade unions in Australia may be organised (i.e., formed) o ...
: Stonemasons and building workers on building sites around Melbourne march from the University of Melbourne to Parliament House to achieve an eight-hour day. *
1894 Events January–March * January 4 – A military alliance is established between the French Third Republic and the Russian Empire. * January 7 – William Kennedy Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United S ...
– Norway formally adopts the Krag–Jørgensen bolt-action rifle as the main arm of its armed forces, a weapon that would remain in service for almost 50 years. *
1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
Spanish–American War , partof = the Philippine Revolution, the decolonization of the Americas, and the Cuban War of Independence , image = Collage infobox for Spanish-American War.jpg , image_size = 300px , caption = (clock ...
: The United States Navy begins a blockade of
Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...
n ports. When the U.S. Congress issued a
declaration of war A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state (polity), state announces existing or impending war activity against another. The declaration is a performative speech act (or the signing of a document) by an authorized party of a nationa ...
on April 25, it declared that a state of war had existed from this date.


1901–present

*
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
Ypiranga incident: A German arms shipment to Mexico is intercepted by the U.S. Navy near
Veracruz Veracruz (), formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave ( es, Estado Libre y Soberano de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave), is one of the 31 states which, along with Me ...
. *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
:
German German(s) may refer to: * Germany (of or related to) **Germania (historical use) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law **Ger ...
fighter ace
Manfred von Richthofen Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (; 2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), known in English as Baron von Richthofen or the Red Baron, was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of ...
, better known as "The Red Baron", is shot down and killed over
Vaux-sur-Somme Vaux-sur-Somme (, literally ''Vaux on Somme''; pcd, Veux-su-Sonme) is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France. History Vaux-sur-Somme is notable as the place where famous flying ace Manfred von Richthofen, ...
in
France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
. *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of V ...
Al-Baqi cemetery, former site of the mausoleum of four Shi'a Imams, is leveled to the ground by Wahhabis. *
1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...
– The "Surgeon's Photograph", the most famous photo allegedly showing the
Loch Ness Monster The Loch Ness Monster ( gd, Uilebheist Loch Nis), affectionately known as Nessie, is a creature in Scottish folklore that is said to inhabit Loch Ness in the Scottish Highlands. It is often described as large, long-necked, and with one or mor ...
, is published in the ''
Daily Mail The ''Daily Mail'' is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper and news websitePeter Wilb"Paul Dacre of the Daily Mail: The man who hates liberal Britain", ''New Statesman'', 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) publish ...
'' (in 1994, it is revealed to be a hoax). *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
:
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
forces south of Berlin at Zossen attack the German High Command headquarters. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
United Nations Security Council Resolution 47 The United Nations Security Council Resolution 47, adopted on 21 April 1948, concerns the resolution of the Kashmir conflict. After hearing arguments from both India and Pakistan, the Council increased the size of the UN Commission created by t ...
relating to Kashmir conflict is adopted. *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
Secretary's Day Administrative Professionals Day (also known as Secretaries Day or Admin Day) is a day observed yearly in a small number of countries. It is not a public holiday in any of them. In some countries, it falls within Administrative Professionals Week ...
(now Administrative Professionals' Day) is first celebrated. *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...
United Airlines Flight 736 collides with a
United States Air Force The United States Air Force (USAF) is the air service branch of the United States Armed Forces, and is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. Originally created on 1 August 1907, as a part of the United States Army Signal ...
fighter jet near Arden, Nevada in what is now
Enterprise, Nevada Enterprise is an Unincorporated towns in Nevada, unincorporated town in the Las Vegas Valley in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 221,831 at the 2020 United States Census, 2020 U.S. Census, up from 14,676 at the United Stat ...
. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Ja ...
Brasília Brasília (; ) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located at the top of the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region. It was founded by President Juscelino Kubitsche ...
, Brazil's capital, is officially inaugurated. At 09:30, the Three Powers of the Republic are simultaneously transferred from the old capital,
Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...
. *
1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wors ...
– The Seattle World's Fair (Century 21 Exposition) opens. It is the first
World's Fair A world's fair, also known as a universal exhibition or an expo, is a large international exhibition designed to showcase the achievements of nations. These exhibitions vary in character and are held in different parts of the world at a specif ...
in the United States since World War II. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cov ...
– The first election of the
Universal House of Justice The Universal House of Justice ( fa, بیت‌العدل اعظم) is the nine-member supreme ruling body of the Baháʼí Faith. It was envisioned by Baháʼu'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith, as an institution that could legislate o ...
is held, marking its establishment as the supreme governing institution of the
Baháʼí Faith The Baháʼí Faith is a religion founded in the 19th century that teaches the Baháʼí Faith and the unity of religion, essential worth of all religions and Baháʼí Faith and the unity of humanity, the unity of all people. Established by ...
. *
1964 Events January * January 1 – The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. * January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the fifteenth century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch ...
– A Transit-5bn satellite fails to reach orbit after launch; as it re-enters the atmosphere, of radioactive
plutonium Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with the symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, and forms a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibi ...
in its
SNAP Snap or SNAP may refer to: Arts and entertainment * ''Snap'', the original release title for the 2013 film ''Enter the Dangerous Mind'' *''Snap'' (TV series), a CITV programme * ''The Stanly News and Press'', a newspaper in Albemarle, North Carol ...
RTG power source is widely dispersed. *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– The 1964–1965 New York World's Fair opens for its second and final season. *
1966 Events January * January 1 – In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa takes over as military ruler of the Central African Republic, ousting President David Dacko. * January 3 – 1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état: President Maurice Yaméogo i ...
Rastafari movement:
Haile Selassie Haile Selassie I ( gez, ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé, ; born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 189227 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (' ...
of
Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...
visits
Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
, an event now celebrated as
Grounation Day Grounation Day (April 21) is an important Rastafari holy day, second only to Coronation Day (November 2). It is celebrated in honour of Haile Selassie's 1966 visit to Jamaica. Visit of Selassie to Jamaica Haile Selassie had already met with seve ...
. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 5 ** Spain and Romania sign an agreement in Paris, establishing full consular and ...
– A few days before the
general election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
in Greece, Colonel
George Papadopoulos George Demetrios Papadopoulos (; born August 19, 1987) is an author and former member of the foreign policy advisory panel to Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. On October 5, 2017, Papadopoulos pleaded guilty to a felony charge of mak ...
leads a
coup d'état A coup d'état (; French for 'stroke of state'), also known as a coup or overthrow, is a seizure and removal of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal seizure of power by a political faction, politician, cult, rebel group, m ...
, establishing a military regime that lasts for seven years. *
1972 Within the context of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) it was the longest year ever, as two leap seconds were added during this 366-day year, an event which has not since been repeated. (If its start and end are defined using Solar time, me ...
– Astronauts
John Young John Young may refer to: Academics * John Young (professor of Greek) (died 1820), Scottish professor of Greek at the University of Glasgow * John C. Young (college president) (1803–1857), American educator, pastor, and president of Centre Coll ...
and Charles Duke fly
Apollo 16 Apollo 16 (April 1627, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. It was the second of Apollo's " J missions", with an extended sta ...
's
Apollo Lunar Module The Apollo Lunar Module (LM ), originally designated the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was the first crewed ...
to the Moon's surface, the fifth NASA Apollo Program crewed lunar landing. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 - Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: President of
South Vietnam South Vietnam, officially the Republic of Vietnam ( vi, Việt Nam Cộng hòa), was a state in Southeast Asia that existed from 1955 to 1975, the period when the southern portion of Vietnam was a member of the Western Bloc during part of th ...
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (; 5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001) was a South Vietnamese military officer and politician who was the president of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975. He was a general in the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces, Republic o ...
flees
Saigon , population_density_km2 = 4,292 , population_density_metro_km2 = 697.2 , population_demonym = Saigonese , blank_name = GRP (Nominal) , blank_info = 2019 , blank1_name = – Total , blank1_ ...
, as Xuân Lộc, the last South Vietnamese outpost blocking a direct North Vietnamese assault on Saigon, falls. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– ''
Annie Annie may refer to: People and fictional characters * Annie (given name), a given name and a list of people and fictional characters with the name * Annie (actress) (born 1975), Indian actress * Annie (singer) (born 1977), Norwegian singer The ...
'' opens on Broadway. *
1982 Events January * January 1 – In Malaysia and Singapore, clocks are adjusted to the same time zone, UTC+8 (GMT+8.00). * January 13 – Air Florida Flight 90 crashes shortly after takeoff into the 14th Street bridges, 14th Street Bridge in ...
Baseball Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding tea ...
:
Rollie Fingers Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American former right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for three teams between 1968 and 1985, when his effectiveness helped to redefine the value of relievers within baseba ...
of the
Milwaukee Brewers The Milwaukee Brewers are an American professional baseball team based in Milwaukee. They compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) National League Central, Central division. The Brewers are named for t ...
becomes the first
pitcher In baseball, the pitcher is the player who throws ("pitches") the baseball from the pitcher's mound toward the catcher to begin each play, with the goal of retiring a batter, who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw ...
to record 300 saves. *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– The compound of the militant group The Covenant, The Sword, and the Arm of the Lord surrenders to federal authorities in Arkansas after a two-day government siege. *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, k ...
– The Tamil Tigers are blamed for a
car bomb A car bomb, bus bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device designed to be detonated in an automobile or other vehicles. Car bombs can be roughly divided ...
that detonates in the
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
n capital city of
Colombo Colombo ( ; si, කොළඹ, translit=Koḷam̆ba, ; ta, கொழும்பு, translit=Koḻumpu, ) is the executive and judicial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka by population. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo me ...
, killing 106 people. *
1989 File:1989 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Cypress Street Viaduct, Cypress structure collapses as a result of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, killing motorists below; The proposal document for the World Wide Web is submitted; The Exxo ...
Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 The Tiananmen Square protests, known in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident (), were student-led demonstrations held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing during 1989. In what is known as the Tiananmen Square Massacre, or in Chinese the June Fourth ...
: In Beijing, around 100,000 students gather in
Tiananmen Square Tiananmen Square or Tian'anmen Square (; 天安门广场; Pinyin: ''Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng''; Wade–Giles: ''Tʻien1-an1-mên2 Kuang3-chʻang3'') is a city square in the city center of Beijing, China, named after the eponymous Tiananmen (" ...
to commemorate Chinese reform leader
Hu Yaobang Hu Yaobang (; 20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China. He held the top office of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1981 to 1987, first as Chairman from 1981 to 1982, then as Genera ...
. *
1993 File:1993 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The Oslo I Accord is signed in an attempt to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict; The Russian White House is shelled during the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis; Czechoslovakia is peace ...
– The Supreme Court in
La Paz La Paz (), officially known as Nuestra Señora de La Paz (Spanish pronunciation: ), is the seat of government of the Bolivia, Plurinational State of Bolivia. With an estimated 816,044 residents as of 2020, La Paz is the List of Bolivian cities ...
,
Bolivia , image_flag = Bandera de Bolivia (Estado).svg , flag_alt = Horizontal tricolor (red, yellow, and green from top to bottom) with the coat of arms of Bolivia in the center , flag_alt2 = 7 × 7 square p ...
, sentences former dictator
Luis García Meza Luis García Meza Tejada (8 August 1929 – 29 April 2018) was a Bolivian general who served as the ''de facto'' 57th president of Bolivia from 1980 to 1981. He was a dictator convicted of human rights violations and leader of a violent coup. ...
to 30 years in jail without parole for murder, theft, fraud and violating the constitution. *
2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 6 ...
– Five suicide car bombers target police stations in and around
Basra Basra ( ar, ٱلْبَصْرَة, al-Baṣrah) is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is hand ...
, killing 74 people and wounding 160. *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– The controversial
Kharkiv Pact The Agreement between Ukraine and Russia on the Black Sea Fleet in Ukraine, widely referred to as the Kharkiv Pact ( ua, Харківський пакт) or Kharkov Accords (russian: Харьковские соглашения), was a treaty betw ...
(Russian Ukrainian Naval Base for Gas Treaty) is signed in
Kharkiv Kharkiv ( uk, wikt:Харків, Ха́рків, ), also known as Kharkov (russian: Харькoв, ), is the second-largest List of cities in Ukraine, city and List of hromadas of Ukraine, municipality in Ukraine.Ukrainian President The president of Ukraine ( uk, Президент України, Prezydent Ukrainy) is the head of state of Ukraine. The president represents the nation in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the state, condu ...
Viktor Yanukovych and Russian President
Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev ( rus, links=no, Дмитрий Анатольевич Медведев, p=ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ɐnɐˈtolʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mʲɪdˈvʲedʲɪf; born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician who has been serving as the dep ...
; it was unilaterally terminated by Russia on March 31, 2014. *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Two trains are involved in a
head-on collision A head-on collision is a traffic collision where the front ends of two vehicles such as cars, trains, ships or planes hit each other when travelling in opposite directions, as opposed to a side collision or rear-end collision. Rail transport ...
near
Sloterdijk, Amsterdam Sloterdijk was a village in the Dutch province of North Holland. It now is a part of the municipality of Amsterdam, and lies about 3 km northwest of the city centre.''ANWB Topografische Atlas Nederland'', Topografische Dienst and ANWB, 2005. ...
, in the Netherlands, injuring 116 people. *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– The American city of
Flint, Michigan Flint is the largest city and seat of Genesee County, Michigan, United States. Located along the Flint River, northwest of Detroit, it is a principal city within the region known as Mid Michigan. At the 2020 census, Flint had a population of 8 ...
switches its water source to the
Flint River The Flint River is a U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline dataThe National Map, accessed April 15, 2011 river in the U.S. state of Georgia. The river drains of western Georgia, flowing south from the u ...
, beginning the ongoing Flint water crisis which has caused
lead poisoning Lead poisoning, also known as plumbism and saturnism, is a type of metal poisoning caused by lead in the body. The brain is the most sensitive. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, constipation, headaches, irritability, memory problems, inferti ...
in up to 12,000 people, and 15 deaths from
Legionnaires disease Legionnaires' disease is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of ''Legionella'' bacteria, quite often ''Legionella pneumophila''. Signs and symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, high fever, muscle pains, and headaches. Nause ...
, ultimately leading to criminal indictments against 15 people, five of whom have been charged with
involuntary manslaughter Manslaughter is a common law legal term for homicide considered by law as less culpable than murder. The distinction between murder and manslaughter is sometimes said to have first been made by the ancient Athenian lawmaker Draco in the 7th c ...
. *
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
Eight bombs explode at churches, hotels, and other locations in
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
on Easter Sunday; more than 250 people are killed. *
2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October–November 2021 ...
Indonesian Navy submarine KRI Nanggala (402) sinks in the Bali Sea during a military drill, killing all 53 on board.


Births


Pre-1600

*
1132 Year 1132 ( MCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Levant * Summer – Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk governor (''atabeg'') of Aleppo and Mosul, marches ...
Sancho VI,
king of Navarre This is a list of the kings and queens of kingdom of Pamplona, Pamplona, later kingdom of Navarre, Navarre. Pamplona was the primary name of the kingdom until its union with Kingdom of Aragon, Aragon (1076–1134). However, the territorial desig ...
(d. 1194) *
1488 __NOTOC__ Year 1488 ( MCDLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 8 – The Royal Netherlands Navy is formed, by the decree of Maximillian of Austria. * February ...
Ulrich von Hutten Ulrich von Hutten (21 April 1488 – 29 August 1523) was a German knight, scholar, poet and satirist, who later became a follower of Martin Luther and a Protestant reformer. By 1519, he was an outspoken critic of the Roman Catholic Church. Hutte ...
, German religious reformer (d. 1523) *
1523 Year 1523 ( MDXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 20 – Christian II is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway. * ...
Marco Antonio Bragadin Marco Antonio Bragadin, also Marcantonio Bragadin (21 April 1523 – 17 August 1571), was a Venetian lawyer and military officer of the Republic of Venice. Bragadin joined the ''Fanti da Mar'' Corps or marines of the Republic of Venice. In 1569, ...
, Venetian lawyer and military officer (d. 1571) *
1555 Year 1555 ( MDLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 22 – The Kingdom of Ava in Upper Burma falls. * February 2 – The Diet o ...
Ludovico Carracci Ludovico (or Lodovico) Carracci (21 April 1555 – 13 November 1619) was an Italian, early-Baroque painter, etcher, and printmaker born in Bologna. His works are characterized by a strong mood invoked by broad gestures and flickering light th ...
, Italian painter and etcher (d. 1619)


1601–1900

*
1619 Events January–June * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Conne ...
Jan van Riebeeck Johan Anthoniszoon "Jan" van Riebeeck (21 April 1619 – 18 January 1677) was a Dutch navigator and colonial administrator of the Dutch East India Company. Life Early life Jan van Riebeeck was born in Culemborg, as the son of a surgeon. He ...
, Dutch founder of
Cape Town Cape Town ( af, Kaapstad; , xh, iKapa) is one of South Africa's three capital cities, serving as the seat of the Parliament of South Africa. It is the legislative capital of the country, the oldest city in the country, and the second largest ...
(d. 1677) *
1630 Events January–March * January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy. * January 5 – A team of Portuguese military advisers ...
Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten (21 April 1630 – 10 July 1700) was a Dutch painter of still lifes, in particular floral and vanitas still lifes. He also painted genre scenes and portraits. After starting his career in Haarlem, he worked mo ...
, Dutch-English painter (d. 1700) *
1631 Events January–March * January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany. * February 5 &ndash ...
Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini (21 April 1631 – 13 June 1700) was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Early life Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and Pacifica Feliziani. His father was the b ...
, Catholic cardinal (d. 1700) *
1642 Events January–March * January 4 – First English Civil War: Charles I attempts to arrest six leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. * February 5 – The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed in England ...
Simon de la Loubère, French mathematician, poet, and diplomat (d. 1729) *
1651 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone ( his first crowning). * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile ...
Joseph Vaz Joseph Vaz ( Konkani: ''San Zuze Vaza''; pt, São José Vaz; kn, ಪವಿತ್ರಾ ಯೋಸೆಫ್ ವಾಸ್ ಸಂತರು ''Pavitra Yoseph Vaz Santaru''; ta, புனித யோசேப் வாஸ் முனிவர் ...
, Sri Lankan priest, missionary, and saint (d. 1711) *
1652 Events January–March * January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War. * February 4 – At Edinburgh, the parl ...
Michel Rolle Michel Rolle (21 April 1652 – 8 November 1719) was a French mathematician. He is best known for Rolle's theorem (1691). He is also the co-inventor in Europe of Gaussian elimination (1690). Life Rolle was born in Ambert, Basse-Auvergne. Rol ...
, French mathematician and academic (d. 1719) *
1671 Events January–March * January 1 – The Criminal Ordinance of 1670, the first attempt at a uniform code of criminal procedure in France, goes into effect after having been passed on August 26, 1670. * January 5 – The B ...
John Law John Law may refer to: Arts and entertainment *John Law (artist) (born 1958), American artist *John Law (comics), comic-book character created by Will Eisner *John Law (film director), Hong Kong film director * John Law (musician) (born 1961), B ...
, Scottish economist (d. 1729) *
1673 Events January–March * January 22 – Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged at Newgate Prison in London, for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation. * February 10 – Molière's ''comédie-ballet'' ''The Imagi ...
Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg Wilhelmine Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg (21 April 1673 – 10 April 1742) was Holy Roman Empress, Queen of the Germans, Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, Archduchess consort of Austria etc. as the spouse of Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor. ...
(d. 1742) *
1713 Events January–March * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take ref ...
Louis de Noailles Louis de Noailles, 4th Duke of Noailles (21 April 1713 in Versailles22 August 1793 in Saint-Germain-en-Laye) was a French peer and Marshal of France. He was the son of Françoise Charlotte d'Aubigné, niece of Madame de Maintenon, and a nephew ...
, French general (d. 1793) *
1730 Events January–March * January 30 (January 19 O.S.) – At dawn, Emperor Peter II of Russia dies of smallpox, aged 14 in Moscow, on the eve of his projected marriage. * February 26 (February 15 O.S.) – Anna of Russia (Ann ...
Antonín Kammel Antonín (Anthony) Kammel (21 April 1730 – 5 October 1784) was a Bohemian composer and violinist of the Classical period. He is known for his instrumental works composed primarily for strings, though he did compose a few sinfonias and divertimen ...
, Czech violinist and composer (d. 1788) *
1752 In the British Empire, it was the only leap year with 355 days, as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which h ...
Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait Pierre-Alexandre-Laurent Forfait (21 April 1752, Rouen – 8 November 1807, Rouen) was a French engineer, hydrographer and politician, and Minister of the Navy. Career Born to a family of rich merchants, Forfait studied at a Jesuit college in Ro ...
, French engineer, hydrographer, and politician, French Minister of Marine and the Colonies (d. 1807) * 1752 –
Humphry Repton Humphry Repton (21 April 1752 – 24 March 1818) was the last great English landscape designer of the eighteenth century, often regarded as the successor to Capability Brown; he also sowed the seeds of the more intricate and eclectic styles of ...
, English gardener and author (d. 1818) *
1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, List of Ottoman Sultans, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and f ...
Jean-Baptiste Biot, French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (d. 1862) *
1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...
Alexander Anderson Alexander Anderson may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Alexander Anderson (illustrator) (1775–1870), American illustrator * Alexander Anderson (poet) (1845–1909), Scottish poet * Alexander Anderson (cartoonist) (1920–2010), American car ...
, Scottish-American illustrator and engraver (d. 1870) *
1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...
Reginald Heber Reginald Heber (21 April 1783 – 3 April 1826) was an English Anglican bishop, man of letters and hymn-writer. After 16 years as a country parson, he served as Bishop of Calcutta until his death at the age of 42. The son of a rich lando ...
, English priest (d. 1821) ; re-printed 2015 by Facsimile Publisher and distributed by Gyan Books, New Delhi. *
1790 Events January–March * January 8 – United States President George Washington gives the first State of the Union address, in New York City. * January 11 – The 11 minor states of the Austrian Netherlands, which took p ...
Manuel Blanco Encalada Manuel José Blanco y Calvo de Encalada (; April 21, 1790 – September 5, 1876) was a vice-admiral in the Chilean Navy, a political figure, and Chile's first President (Provisional) (1826). Biography Born in Buenos Aires which was the capital ...
, Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st
President of Chile The president of Chile ( es, Presidente de Chile), officially known as the President of the Republic of Chile ( es, Presidente de la República de Chile), is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Chile. The president is re ...
(d. 1876) *
1810 Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * Janua ...
John Putnam Chapin John Putnam Chapin (April 21, 1810 – June 27, 1864) served as Mayor of Chicago, Illinois (1846–1847) for the Whig Party. Chapin left his hometown to enter the mercantile business in Haverhill, New Hampshire before moving to Chicago i ...
, American politician, 10th
Mayor of Chicago The mayor of Chicago is the chief executive of city government in Chicago, Illinois, the third-largest city in the United States. The mayor is responsible for the administration and management of various city departments, submits proposals and r ...
(d. 1864) *1811 – Alson Sherman, American merchant and politician, 8th
Mayor of Chicago The mayor of Chicago is the chief executive of city government in Chicago, Illinois, the third-largest city in the United States. The mayor is responsible for the administration and management of various city departments, submits proposals and r ...
(d. 1903) *1814 – Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts, English art collector and philanthropist (d. 1906) *1816 – Charlotte Brontë, English novelist and poet (d. 1855) *1837 – Fredrik Bajer, Danish lieutenant and politician, Nobel Peace Prize, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1922) *1838 – John Muir, Scottish-American environmentalist and author (d. 1914) *1854 – William Stang, German-American bishop (d. 1907) *1864 – Max Weber, German economist and sociologist (d. 1920) *1868 – Alfred Henry Maurer, American painter (d. 1932) * 1868 – Mary Rogers Miller, American author and educator (d. 1971) *1870 – Edwin Stanton Porter, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1941) *1874 – Vincent Scotto, French composer and actor (d. 1952) *1882 – Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961) *1885 – Tatu Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (d. 1967) *1887 – Joe McCarthy (manager), Joe McCarthy, American baseball manager (d. 1978) *1889 – Marcel Boussac, French businessman (d. 1980) * 1889 – Paul Karrer, Russian-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971) * 1889 – Efrem Zimbalist, Efrem Zimbalist, Sr., Russian-American violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1985) *1892 – Freddie Dixon, English motorcycle racer and racing driver (d. 1956) *1893 – Romeo Bertini, Italian runner (d. 1973) *
1898 Events January–March * January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, B ...
– Maurice Wilson, English soldier, pilot, and mountaineer (d. 1934) *1899 – Randall Thompson, American composer and academic (d. 1984)


1901–present

*1903 – Luis Saslavsky, Argentinian director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1995) *1904 – Jean Hélion, French painter (d. 1987) * 1904 – Odilo Globocnik, Italian-Austrian SS officer (d. 1945) *1905 – Pat Brown, American lawyer and politician, 32nd Governor of California (d. 1996) *1911 – Ivan Combe, American businessman, developed Clearasil (d. 2000) * 1911 – Kemal Satır, Turkish physician and politician (d. 1991) *1912 – Eve Arnold, Russian-American photojournalist (d. 2012) * 1912 – Marcel Camus, French director and screenwriter (d. 1982) *1913 – Norman Parkinson, English photographer (d. 1990) *
1914 This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It als ...
– Angelo Savoldi, Italian-American wrestler and promoter, co-founded International World Class Championship Wrestling (d. 2013) *1915 – Garrett Hardin, American ecologist, author, and academic (d. 2003) * 1915 – Anthony Quinn, Mexican-American actor (d. 2001) *1916 – Estella B. Diggs, American businesswoman and politician (d. 2013) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
– Eddy Christiani, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016) *1919 – Don Cornell, American singer (d. 2004) * 1919 – Roger Doucet, Canadian tenor (d. 1981) * 1919 – Licio Gelli, Italian financer (d. 2015) *1922 – Alistair MacLean, Scottish novelist and screenwriter (d. 1987) * 1922 – Allan Watkins, Welsh-English cricketer (d. 2011) *1923 – John Mortimer, English lawyer and author (d. 2009) *1924 – Ira Louvin, American singer-songwriter and mandolin player (d. 1965) *1925 – Anthony Mason (judge), Anthony Mason, Australian soldier and judge, 9th Chief Justice of Australia * 1925 – John Swinton of Kimmerghame, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Berwickshire (d. 2018) *
1926 Events January * January 3 – Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator in Greece. * January 8 **Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud is crowned King of Hejaz. ** Crown Prince Nguyễn Phúc Vĩnh Thuy ascends the throne, the last monarch of V ...
– Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II, her other realms (d. 2022) * 1926 – Arthur Rowley, English footballer, manager and cricketer (d. 2002) *1927 – Ahmed Arif, Turkish poet and author (d. 1991) *1928 – Jack Evans (ice hockey), Jack Evans, Welsh-Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1996) *1930 – Hilda Hilst, Brazilian author, poet, and playwright (d. 2004) * 1930 – Silvana Mangano, Italian actress (d. 1989) * 1930 – Dieter Roth, German-Swiss illustrator and sculptor (d. 1998) * 1930 – Jack Taylor (referee), Jack Taylor, English footballer and referee (d. 2012) *1931 – Morgan Wootten, American high school basketball coach (d. 2020) *1932 – Slide Hampton, African-American trombonist and composer * 1932 – Elaine May, American actress, comedian, director, and screenwriter * 1932 – Angela Mortimer, English tennis player *1933 – Edelmiro Amante, Filipino lawyer and politician (d. 2013) * 1933 – Easley Blackwood, Jr., American pianist, composer, and educator * 1933 – Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Iraqi patriarch (d. 2014) *1935 – Charles Grodin, American actor and talk show host (d. 2021) * 1935 – Thomas Kean, American academic and politician, 48th Governor of New Jersey *1936 – James Dobson, American evangelist, psychologist, and author, founded Focus on the Family * 1936 – Reg Fleming, Canadian-American ice hockey player (d. 2009) *1937 – Gary Peters (baseball), Gary Peters, American baseball player * 1937 – Ben Zinn, Israeli-born American academic and former international soccer player *1939 – John McCabe (composer), John McCabe, English pianist and composer (d. 2015) * 1939 – Sister Helen Prejean, American nun, activist, and author * 1939 – Reni Santoni, American actor (d. 2020) *1940 – Jacques Caron, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1940 – Souleymane Cissé (film director), Souleymane Cissé, Malian director, producer, and screenwriter *1941 – David L. Boren, American lawyer and politician, 21st Governor of Oklahoma *1942 – Geoffrey Palmer (politician), Geoffrey Palmer, New Zealand politician, 33rd Prime Minister of New Zealand *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan, Indian cricketer and umpire * 1945 – Mark Wainberg, Canadian researcher and HIV/AIDS activist (d. 2017) * 1945 – Diana Darvey, English actress, singer and dancer (d. 2000) *1947 – Al Bumbry, American baseball player * 1947 – Iggy Pop, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor * 1947 – John Weider, English bass player *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Gary Condit, American businessman and politician * 1948 – Paul Davis (singer), Paul Davis, American singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2008) * 1948 – Josef Flammer, Swiss ophthalmologist * 1948 – Dieter Fromm, German runner *1949 – Patti LuPone, American actress and singer *1950 – Shivaji Satam, Indian actor *1951 – Tony Danza, American actor and producer * 1951 – Michael Freedman, American mathematician and academic * 1951 – Bob Varsha, American sportscaster * 1951 – Steve Vickers (ice hockey), Steve Vickers, Canadian ice hockey player *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
– Gerald Early, American author and academic * 1952 – Cheryl Gillan, British businesswoman and politician, Secretary of State for Wales (d. 2021) *1953 – John Brumby, Australian politician, 45th Premier of Victoria *1954 – Ebiet G. Ade, Indonesian singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1954 – James Morrison (actor), James Morrison, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter *1955 – Murathan Mungan, Turkish author, poet, and playwright *1956 – Peter Kosminsky, English director, producer, and screenwriter * 1956 – Phillip Longman, German-American demographer and journalist *1957 – Hervé Le Tellier, French linguist and author * 1957 – Herbert Wetterauer, German painter, sculptor, and author *
1958 Events January * January 1 – The European Economic Community (EEC) comes into being. * January 3 – The West Indies Federation is formed. * January 4 ** Edmund Hillary's Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition completes the third ...
– Andie MacDowell, American model, actress, and producer * 1958 – Yoshito Usui, Japanese illustrator (d. 2009) * 1958 – Michael Zarnock, American author *1959 – Tim Jacobus, American illustrator and painter * 1959 – Robert Smith (musician), Robert Smith, English singer-songwriter and guitarist *1961 – David Servan-Schreiber, French physician, neuroscientist, and author (d. 2011) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Fiona Kelleghan, American academic, critic and librarian *1969 – Toby Stephens, English actor *1971 – Michael Turner (comics), Michael Turner, American author and illustrator (d. 2008) *1973 – Steve Backshall, English naturalist, writer, and television presenter *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– Gyula Koi, Hungarian scholar and educator *1979 – Virginie Basselot, French chef * 1979 – James McAvoy, Scottish actor *1980 – Tony Romo, American football player and announcer *1983 – Tarvaris Jackson, American football player (d. 2020) *1988 – Ricky Berens, American swimmer * 1988 – Jencarlos Canela, American singer-songwriter and actor * 1996 – Arianne Hartono, Dutch tennis player


Deaths


Pre-1600

* 234 – Emperor Xian of Han, Chinese emperor (b. 181) * 586 – Liuvigild, king of the Visigoths * 847 – Odgar, Frankish archbishop of Mainz * 866 – Bardas, ''de facto'' regent of the Byzantine Empire * 941 – Bajkam, ''de facto'' regent of the Abbasid Caliphate *1073 – Pope Alexander II *1109 – Anselm of Canterbury, Italian-English archbishop and saint (b. 1033) *1136 – Stephen, Count of Tréguier Breton noblemen (b. c. 1058/62) *1142 – Peter Abelard, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1079) *1213 – Maria of Montpellier, Lady of Montpellier, Queen of Aragon (b. 1182) *1329 – Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1282) *1400 – John Wittlebury, English politician (b. 1333) *
1509 __NOTOC__ Year 1509 ( MDIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * January 21 – The Portuguese first arrive at the Seven Islands of Bombay and ...
– Henry VII of England (b. 1457) *1557 – Petrus Apianus, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1495) *1574 – Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1519) *1591 – Sen no Rikyū, Japanese exponent of the tea ceremony (b. 1522)


1601–1900

*1650 – Yagyū Jūbei Mitsuyoshi, Japanese samurai (b. 1607) *1668 – Jan Boeckhorst, Flemish painter (b. c. 1604) *1699 – Jean Racine, French playwright and poet (b. 1639) *1719 – Philippe de La Hire, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1640) *1720 – Antoine Hamilton, Irish-French soldier and author (b. 1646) *1722 – Robert Beverley, Jr., English historian and author (b. 1673) *1736 – Prince Eugene of Savoy (b. 1663) *1740 – Thomas Tickell, English poet and author (b. 1685) *1758 – Francesco Zerafa, Maltese architect (b. 1679) *1815 – Joseph Winston, American soldier and politician (b. 1746) *1825 – Johann Friedrich Pfaff, German mathematician and academic (b. 1765) *1852 – Ivan Nabokov, Russian general (b. 1787) *1863 – Sir Robert Bateson, 1st Baronet, Irish politician (b. 1782) *1900 – Vikramatji Khimojiraj, Indian ruler (b. 1819)


1901–present

*1910 – Mark Twain, American novelist, humorist, and critic (b. 1835) *
1918 This year is noted for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the Spanish flu pandemic that killed 50–100 million people worldwide. Events Below, the events ...
Manfred von Richthofen Manfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen (; 2 May 1892 – 21 April 1918), known in English as Baron von Richthofen or the Red Baron, was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I. He is considered the ace-of-aces of ...
, German captain and pilot (b. 1892) *1924 – Eleonora Duse, Italian actress (b. 1858) *1930 – Robert Bridges, English poet and author (b. 1844) *1932 – Friedrich Gustav Piffl, Bohemian cardinal (b. 1864) *1938 – Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Pakistani National philosopher and poet (b. 1877) *1941 – Fritz Manteuffel, German gymnast (b. 1875) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...
– Walter Model, German field marshal (b. 1891) *1946 – John Maynard Keynes, English economist and philosopher (b. 1883) *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British ...
– Aldo Leopold, American ecologist and author (b. 1887) *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Black Saturday in Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes m ...
– Leslie Banks, American actor, director and producer (b. 1890) *1954 – Emil Leon Post, Polish-American mathematician and logician (b. 1897) *1956 – Charles MacArthur, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1895) *
1965 Events January–February * January 14 – The Prime Minister of Northern Ireland and the Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland meet for the first time in 43 years. * January 20 ** Lyndon B. Johnson is Second inauguration of Lyndo ...
– Edward Victor Appleton, English-Scottish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892) *1971 – François Duvalier, Haitian physician and politician, 40th President of Haiti (b. 1907) *1973 – Arthur Fadden, Australian accountant and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1894) * 1973 – Kemal Tahir, Turkish journalist and author (b. 1910) *
1977 Events January * January 8 – Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (now the Democratic R ...
– Gummo Marx, American vaudevillian and talent agent (b. 1893) *1978 – Sandy Denny, English singer-songwriter (b. 1947) * 1978 – Thomas Wyatt Turner, American biologist and academic (b. 1877) *1980 – Alexander Oparin, Russian biochemist and academic (b. 1894) * 1980 – Sohrab Sepehri, Iranian poet and painter (b. 1928) *1983 – Walter Slezak, Austrian-American actor and singer (b. 1902) *1984 – Marcel Janco, Romanian-Israeli artist (b. 1895) * 1984 – Hristo Prodanov, Bulgarian engineer and mountaineer (b. 1943) *
1985 The year 1985 was designated as the International Youth Year by the United Nations. Events January * January 1 ** The Internet's Domain Name System is created. ** Greenland withdraws from the European Economic Community as a result of a ...
– Rudi Gernreich, Austrian-American fashion designer, created the monokini (b. 1922) * 1985 – Tancredo Neves, Brazilian banker and politician, Prime Minister of Brazil (b. 1910) *1986 – Marjorie Eaton, American painter and actress (b. 1901) * 1986 – Salah Jahin, Egyptian poet, playwright, and composer (b. 1930) *
1987 File:1987 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsizes after leaving the Port of Zeebrugge in Belgium, killing 193; Northwest Airlines Flight 255 crashes after takeoff from Detroit Metropolitan Airport, k ...
– Gustav Bergmann, Austrian-American philosopher from the Vienna Circle (b. 1906) *1990 – Erté, Russian-French illustrator (b. 1892) *1991 – Willi Boskovsky, Austrian violinist and conductor (b. 1909) *1992 – Väinö Linna, Finnish author (b. 1920) *1996 – Abdul Hafeez Kardar, Pakistani cricketer (b. 1925) * 1996 – Jimmy Snyder (sports commentator), Jimmy Snyder, American sportscaster (b. 1919) *1998 – Jean-François Lyotard, French sociologist and philosopher (b. 1924) *1999 – Buddy Rogers (actor), Buddy Rogers, American actor (b. 1904) *2003 – Nina Simone, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and activist (b. 1933) *
2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...
– Gustav Lorentzen, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1947) * 2010 – Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish businessman, seventh President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1920) * 2010 – Kanagaratnam Sriskandan, Sri Lankan-English engineer and civil servant (b. 1930) *2011 – Catharina Halkes, Dutch theologian and academic (b. 1920) *
2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...
– Doris Betts, American author and academic (b. 1932) *2013 – Shakuntala Devi, Indian mathematician and astrologer (b. 1929) * 2013 – Leopold Engleitner, Austrian Holocaust survivor, author, and educator (b. 1905) *
2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...
– George H. Heilmeier, American engineer (b. 1936) * 2014 – Win Tin, Burmese journalist and politician, co-founded the National League for Democracy (b. 1930) *2016 – Prince (musician), Prince, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and actor (b. 1958) *2017 – Ugo Ehiogu, English footballer (b. 1972) *2018 – Nabi Tajima, Japanese supercentenarian (b. 1900) *
2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...
– Polly Higgins, Scottish barrister, author and environmental lobbyist (b. 1968)


Holidays and observances

* Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: **Abdecalas **Anastasius Sinaita **Anselm of Canterbury **Beuno **Conrad of Parzham **Holy Infant of Good Health **Shemon Bar Sabbae **Wolbodo **April 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Civil Services of India#Civil Services Day, Civil Service Day (India) *
Grounation Day Grounation Day (April 21) is an important Rastafari holy day, second only to Coronation Day (November 2). It is celebrated in honour of Haile Selassie's 1966 visit to Jamaica. Visit of Selassie to Jamaica Haile Selassie had already met with seve ...
(Rastafari) *Public holidays in Mexico#Civic holidays, Heroic Defense of Veracruz (Mexico) *Public holidays in North Korea, Kang Pan-sok's Birthday (North Korea) *Kartini Day (Indonesia) *Public holidays in Russia, Local Self Government Day (Russia) *National Tea Day (United Kingdom) *Arbor day#Kenya, National Tree Planting Day (Kenya) *San Jacinto Day (Texas) *King's Official Birthday#Other countries and territories, Queen or King's Official Birthday (Falkland Islands) *Public holidays in Brazil, Tiradentes' Day (Brazil) *Vietnam Book Day (Vietnam)


References


Sources

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External links


BBC: On This Day
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Historical Events on April 21
{{months Days of the year April