Annibale Carracci (; November 3, 1560 – July 15, 1609) was an
Italian painter and instructor, active in
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...
and later in
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
. Along with
his brother and cousin, Annibale was one of the progenitors, if not founders of a leading strand of the
Baroque style, borrowing from styles from both north and south of their native city, and aspiring for a return to classical monumentality, but adding a more vital dynamism. Painters working under Annibale at the gallery of the
Palazzo Farnese would be highly influential in Roman painting for decades.
Early career
Annibale Carracci was born in
Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...
, and in all likelihood was first apprenticed within his family. In 1582, Annibale, his brother
Agostino and his cousin
Ludovico Carracci opened a painters' studio, initially called by some the ''Academy of the Desiderosi'' (desirous of fame and learning) and subsequently the
''Incamminati'' (progressives; literally "of those opening a new way"). Considered "the first major art school based on life drawing", the ''Accademia degli Incamminati'' was the model for later art schools throughout Europe. While the Carraccis laid emphasis on the typically
Florentine linear draftsmanship, as exemplified by
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...
and
Andrea del Sarto, their interest in the glimmering colours and mistier edges of objects derived from the
Venetian
Venetian often means from or related to:
* Venice, a city in Italy
* Veneto, a region of Italy
* Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area
Venetian and the like may also refer to:
* Venetian language, a Romance language s ...
painters, notably the works of Venetian oil painter
Titian
Tiziano Vecelli or Vecellio (; 27 August 1576), known in English as Titian ( ), was an Italian (Venetian) painter of the Renaissance, considered the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, n ...
, which Annibale and
Agostino studied during their travels around Italy in 1580–81 at the behest of the elder Caracci
Lodovico Lodovico is an Italian masculine given name, and may refer to:
* Cigoli (1559–1613), Italian painter and architect
* Lodovico, Count Corti (1823–1888), Italian diplomat
* Lodovico Agostini (1534–1590), Italian composer
* Lodovico Altieri (180 ...
. This eclecticism was to become the defining trait of the artists of the Baroque Emilian or
Bolognese School
The Bolognese School of painting, also known as the ''School of Bologna'', flourished between the 16th and 17th centuries in Bologna, which rivalled Florence and Rome as the center of painting in Italy. Its most important representatives i ...
.
In many early Bolognese works by the Carraccis, it is difficult to distinguish the individual contributions made by each. For example, the frescoes on the story of ''Jason'' for
Palazzo Fava in Bologna (c. 1583–84) are signed ''Carracci'', which suggests that they all contributed. In 1585, Annibale completed an altarpiece of the ''Baptism of Christ'' for the church of
Santi Gregorio e Siro in Bologna. In 1587, he painted the ''Assumption'' for the church of San Rocco in Reggio Emilia.
In 1587–88, Annibale is known to have had travelled to
Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...
and then
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
, where he joined his brother Agostino. From 1589 to 1592, the three Carracci brothers completed the frescoes on the ''Founding of Rome'' for
Palazzo Magnani in Bologna. By 1593, Annibale had completed an altarpiece, ''Virgin on the throne with St John and St Catherine'', in collaboration with
Lucio Massari. His ''Resurrection of Christ'' also dates from 1593. In 1592, he painted an ''Assumption'' for the Bonasoni chapel in San Francesco. During 1593–94, all three Carraccis were working on frescoes in
Palazzo Sampieri in Bologna.
Frescoes in Palazzo Farnese
Based on the prolific and masterful frescoes by the Carracci in Bologna, Annibale was recommended by the Duke of Parma,
Ranuccio I Farnese, to his brother, the
Cardinal Odoardo Farnese
Odoardo Farnese (6 December 1573 – 21 February 1626) was an Italian nobleman, the second son of Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma and Maria of Portugal, known for his patronage of the arts. He became a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church in 1 ...
, who wished to decorate the piano nobile of the cavernous Roman
Palazzo Farnese. In November–December 1595, Annibale and Agostino traveled to Rome to begin decorating the ''Camerino'' with stories of Hercules, appropriate since the room housed the famous Greco-Roman antique sculpture of the hypermuscular
Farnese Hercules
The ''Farnese Hercules'' ( it, Ercole Farnese) is an ancient statue of Hercules, probably an enlarged copy made in the early third century AD and signed by Glykon, who is otherwise unknown; the name is Greek but he may have worked in Rome. Like ...
.
Annibale meanwhile developed hundreds of preparatory sketches for the major work, wherein he led a team painting frescoes on the ceiling of the grand salon with the secular ''
quadri riportati
''Quadro riportato'' (plural ''quadri riportati'') is the Italian phrase for "carried picture" or "transported paintings". It is used in art to describe gold-framed easel paintings or framed paintings that are seen in a normal perspective and pai ...
'' of ''
The Loves of the Gods'', or as the biographer
Giovanni Bellori described it, ''Human Love governed by Celestial Love''. Although the ceiling is riotously rich in illusionistic elements, the narratives are framed in the restrained classicism of High
Renaissance
The Renaissance ( , ) , from , with the same meanings. is a period in European history marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and covering the 15th and 16th centuries, characterized by an effort to revive and surpass id ...
decoration, drawing inspiration from, yet more immediate and intimate, than Michelangelo's
Sistine Ceiling as well as
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...
's
Vatican Logge
Vatican may refer to:
Vatican City, the city-state ruled by the pope in Rome, including St. Peter's Basilica, Sistine Chapel, Vatican Museum
The Holy See
* The Holy See, the governing body of the Catholic Church and sovereign entity recognized ...
and
Villa Farnesina frescoes. His work would later inspire the untrammelled stream of Baroque illusionism and energy that would emerge in the grand frescoes of
Cortona,
Lanfranco, and in later decades
Andrea Pozzo and
Gaulli.
Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the Farnese Ceiling was considered the unrivaled masterpiece of fresco painting for its age. They were not only seen as a pattern book of heroic figure design, but also as a model of technical procedure; Annibale's hundreds of preparatory drawings for the ceiling became a fundamental step in composing any ambitious history painting.
Contrast with Caravaggio
The 17th-century critic
Giovanni Bellori, in his survey entitled ''Idea'', praised Carracci as the paragon of
Italian painters, who had fostered a "renaissance" of the great tradition of
Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino, better known as Raphael (; or ; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual ...
and
Michelangelo
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (; 6 March 1475 – 18 February 1564), known as Michelangelo (), was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the Republic of Florence, his work was in ...
. On the other hand, while admitting
Caravaggio
Michelangelo Merisi (Michele Angelo Merigi or Amerighi) da Caravaggio, known as simply Caravaggio (, , ; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), was an Italian painter active in Rome for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of hi ...
's talents as a painter, Bellori deplored his over-naturalistic style, if not his turbulent morals and persona. He thus viewed the ''
Caravaggisti'' styles with the same gloomy dismay. Painters were urged to depict the Platonic ideal of beauty, not Roman street-walkers. Yet Carracci and Caravaggio patrons and pupils did not all fall into irreconcilable camps. Contemporary patrons, such as Marquess
Vincenzo Giustiniani, found both applied showed excellence in ''maniera'' and ''modeling''.
By the 21st century, observers had warmed to the rebel myth of Caravaggio, and often ignored the profound influence on art that Carracci had. Caravaggio almost never worked in fresco, regarded as the test of a great painter's mettle. On the other hand, Carracci's best works are in fresco. Thus the somber canvases of Caravaggio, with benighted backgrounds, are suited to the contemplative altars, and not to well-lit walls or ceilings such as this one in the Farnese. Wittkower was surprised that a Farnese cardinal surrounded himself with frescoes of libidinous themes, indicative of a "considerable relaxation of counter-reformatory morality". This thematic choice suggests Carracci may have been more rebellious relative to the often-solemn religious passion of Caravaggio's canvases. Wittkower states Carracci's "frescoes convey the impression of a tremendous joie de vivre, a new blossoming of vitality and of an energy long repressed".
In the 21st century, most connoisseurs making the pilgrimage to the
Cerasi Chapel in
Santa Maria del Popolo would ignore Carracci's ''
Assumption of the Virgin'' altarpiece (1600–1601) and focus on the flanking Caravaggio works. It is instructive to compare Carracci's ''Assumption'' with Caravaggio's ''
Death of the Virgin''. Among early contemporaries, Carracci was an innovator. He re-enlivened Michelangelo's visual fresco vocabulary, and posited a muscular and vivaciously brilliant pictorial landscape, which had been becoming progressively crippled into a
Mannerist tangle. While Michelangelo could bend and contort the body into all the possible perspectives, Carracci in the Farnese frescoes had shown how it could dance. The "ceiling"-frontiers, the wide expanses of walls to be frescoed would, for the next decades, be thronged by the monumental brilliance of the Carracci followers, and not Caravaggio's followers.
In the century following his death, to a lesser extent than
Bernini and Cortona, Carracci and baroque art in general came under criticism from neoclassic critics such as
Winckelmann Winckelmann may refer to:
* George Winckelmann (1884–1962), a Finnish lawyer and a diplomat
* Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768), a German art historian and archaeologist
* Johann Just Winckelmann
Johann Just Winckelmann (19 August 1620 ...
and even later from the prudish
John Ruskin, as well as admirers of Caravaggio. Carracci in part was spared opprobrium because he was seen as an emulator of the highly admired Raphael, and in the Farnese frescoes, attentive to the proper themes such as those of antique mythology.
Landscapes, genre art and drawings
On July 8, 1595, Annibale completed the painting of ''
Saint Roch Giving Alms
''Saint Roch Giving Alms'' is an oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carraci, commissioned between 1587 and 1588 by the Confraternity of San Rocco in Reggio Emilia, a body for whom he produced several works. His largest work on panel or canvas (a ...
'', now in Dresden Gemäldegalerie. Other significant late works painted by Carracci in Rome include ''
Domine quo vadis?
''Domine, quo vadis?'' is a 1602 painting by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci (1560–1609), depicting a scene from the apocryphal Acts of Peter. It is housed in the National Gallery, where it is given the title ''Christ appearing to ...
'' (c. 1602), which reveals a striking economy in figure composition and a force and precision of gesture that influenced on
Poussin and through him, the language of gesture in painting.
Carracci was remarkably eclectic in thematic, painting landscapes, genre scenes, and portraits, including a series of autoportraits across the ages. He was one of the first Italian painters to paint a canvas wherein
landscape
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or man-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.''New Oxford American Dictionary''. A landscape includes th ...
took priority over figures, such as his masterful ''
The Flight into Egypt''; this is a genre in which he was followed by
Domenichino (his favorite pupil) and
Claude Lorrain.
Carracci's art also had a less formal side that comes out in his caricatures (he is generally credited with inventing the form) and in his early
genre
Genre () is any form or type of communication in any mode (written, spoken, digital, artistic, etc.) with socially-agreed-upon conventions developed over time. In popular usage, it normally describes a category of literature, music, or other ...
paintings, which are remarkable for their lively observation and free handling and his painting of ''The Beaneater''. He is described by biographers as inattentive to dress, obsessed with work: his self-portraits (such as
that in Parma) vary in his depiction.
Under a melancholic humor
It is not clear how much work Annibale completed after finishing the major gallery in the Palazzo Farnese. In 1606, Annibale signed a ''Madonna of the bowl''. However, in a letter from April 1606, Cardinal Odoardo Farnese bemoaned that a "heavy melancholic humor" prevented Annibale from painting for him. Throughout 1607, Annibale was unable to complete a commission for the Duke of Modena of a ''Nativity''. There is a note from 1608, where in Annibale stipulates to a pupil that he will spend at least two hours a day in his studio. There is little documentation from the man or time to explain why his brush was stilled.
In 1609, Annibale died and was buried, according to his wish, near Raphael in the
Pantheon of Rome. It is a measure of his achievement that artists as diverse as
Bernini, Poussin, and
Rubens praised his work. Many of his assistants or pupils in projects at the Palazzo Farnese and Herrera Chapel would become among the pre-eminent artists of the next decades, including
Domenichino,
Francesco Albani,
Giovanni Lanfranco,
Domenico Viola,
Guido Reni,
Sisto Badalocchio, and others.
Chronology of works
Paintings
* ''
Butcher's Shop
''Butcher's Shop'' is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Wor ...
'' (1580s)
—Oil on canvas, 185 × 266 cm, Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the Un ...
* ''
The Beaneater'' (1580–1590)
—Oil on canvas, 57 × 68 cm, Galleria Colonna, Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
* ''
Descent From the Cross'' (1580–1600)
—St. Ann's, Manchester
Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of City of Salford, Salford to ...
* ''
Crucifixion with Saints'' (1583)
—Oil on canvas, 305 × 210 cm, Santa Maria della Carità, Bologna
* ''
The Laughing Youth'' (1583)
—Oil on paper, Galleria Borghese, Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
* ''
Corpse of Christ'' (c. 1583–1585)
—Oil on canvas, 70.7 × 88.8 cm, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart
* ''
The Baptism of Christ'' (1584)
—Oil on canvas, Santi Gregorio e Siro, Bologna
Bologna (, , ; egl, label=Emilian language, Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 1 ...
* ''
An Allegory of Truth and Time'' (1584-1585)
— Royal Collection ( Hampton Court)
* ''
Pietà with Saints Clare, Francis and Mary Magdalene
''Pietà with Saints Clare, Francis and Mary Magdalene'' is a 1585 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carracci, now in the Galleria nazionale di Parma.
It was produced for the high altar of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, Capuchin church in ...
'' (1585)
—Oil on canvas, Galleria nazionale di Parma, Parma
Parma (; egl, Pärma, ) is a city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna known for its architecture, music, art, prosciutto (ham), cheese and surrounding countryside. With a population of 198,292 inhabitants, Parma is the second mos ...
* ''
The Mystic Marriage of St Catherine'' (1585–1587)
—Oil on canvas, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
* ''
Madonna Enthroned with St Matthew'' (1588)
—Oil on canvas, 384 × 255 cm, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
* ''
Venus with a Satyr and Two Cupids'' (c. 1588)
—Oil on canvas, 112 × 142 cm, Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (; it, Galleria degli Uffizi, italic=no, ) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums ...
, Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...
* ''
Self-Portrait in Profile'' (1590s)
—Oil on canvas, Uffizi
The Uffizi Gallery (; it, Galleria degli Uffizi, italic=no, ) is a prominent art museum located adjacent to the Piazza della Signoria in the Historic Centre of Florence in the region of Tuscany, Italy. One of the most important Italian museums ...
, Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...
* ''
Assumption of the Virgin'' (c. 1590)
—Oil on canvas, 130 × 97 cm, Museo del Prado
* ''
The Virgin Appears to the Saints Luke and Catherine'' (1592)
—Oil on canvas, 401 × 226 cm, Musée du Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
, Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. ...
* ''
Fishing
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds, canals, park wetlands and reservoirs. Fishing techniques ...
'' (before 1595)
—Oil on canvas, 136 × 253 cm, Musée du Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
* ''
Hunting
Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products ( fur/ hide, bone/ tusks, horn/ a ...
'' (before 1595)
—Oil on canvas, 136 × 253 cm, Musée du Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
* ''
Venus, Adonis and Cupid
''Venus, Adonis and Cupid'' is a painting created c. 1595 by Annibale Carracci. The painting is in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. Annibale Carracci was one of the most well known Italian Baroque painters of the seventeenth century. The Carracci bro ...
'' (c. 1595)
—Oil on canvas, 212 × 268 cm, Museo del Prado, Madrid
Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), an ...
* ''
Saint Roch Giving Alms
''Saint Roch Giving Alms'' is an oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carraci, commissioned between 1587 and 1588 by the Confraternity of San Rocco in Reggio Emilia, a body for whom he produced several works. His largest work on panel or canvas (a ...
'' (1595)
—Oil on canvas, Gemäldegalerie, Dresden
Dresden (, ; Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; wen, label=Upper Sorbian, Drježdźany) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city, after Leipzig. It is the 12th most populous city of Germany, the fourth ...
* ''
The Choice of Heracles'' (c. 1596)
—Oil on canvas, 167 × 273 cm, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
* ''
Mocking of Christ
The mocking of Jesus occurred several times, after his trial and before his crucifixion according to the canonical gospels of the New Testament. It is considered part of Jesus' passion.
According to the gospel narratives, Jesus had predicted th ...
'' (c. 1596)
—Oil on canvas, 60 × 69.5 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale
List of national galleries is a list of national art galleries.
{{tocright Africa
* Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town, South Africa
*National Art Gallery of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
The Americas
*Galería Nacional, San Juan, Puer ...
* ''
Jupiter and Juno
The Villa Farnese, also known as Villa Caprarola, is a pentagonal mansion in the town of Caprarola in the province of Viterbo, Northern Lazio, Italy, approximately north-west of Rome. This villa should not be confused with the Palazzo Farnese an ...
'' (c. 1597)
—Farnese Gallery, Rome
''The Loves of the Gods'' is a monumental fresco cycle, completed by the Bolognese artist Annibale Carracci and his studio, in the Farnese Gallery which is located in the west wing of the Palazzo Farnese, now the French Embassy, in Rome. The fre ...
* Frescoes (1597–1605) in the
Palazzo Farnese,
Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
* ''
River Landscape'' (c. 1599)
—Oil on canvas, National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of ch ...
, Washington, D.C.
* ''
Pietà'' (1599–1600)
—Oil on canvas, 156 × 149 cm, Museo Nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
* ''
'' (1599-1600)
-Oil on canvas, 51.2 x 68.4 cm, Royal Collection (Hampton Court)
* ''
Rest on the Flight into Egypt'' (c. 1600)
—Oil on canvas, diameter 82.5 cm, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
* ''
The Three Marys at the Tomb
''The Three Marys at the Tomb'' is a c. 1410–26 panel painting usually attributed to Hubert van Eyck, now in the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Rotterdam. The painting was included at the seminal Exposition des primitifs flamands à Bruges in 1 ...
'' (c.1600)
Oil on canvas, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
* ''
Assumption of the Virgin Mary'' (1600–1601)
—Oil on panel, 245 × 155 cm, Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
* ''
Domine quo vadis?
''Domine, quo vadis?'' is a 1602 painting by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci (1560–1609), depicting a scene from the apocryphal Acts of Peter. It is housed in the National Gallery, where it is given the title ''Christ appearing to ...
'' (1601–1602)
—Oil on panel, 77.4 × 56.3 cm, National Gallery, London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
* ''
Pietà with Saint Francis and Saint Mary Magdalene
''Pietà with Saint Francis and Saint Mary Magdalene'' is a 1602-1607 oil on canvas painting by Annibale Carraci. Now in the Louvre, it was Napoleonic looting, looted from the Mattei family chapel in San Francesco a Ripa in Rome by Napoleon's tro ...
''
-Oil on canvas, 277 x 186 cm, Louvre, Paris
* ''
The Flight into Egypt'' (1603)
—Oil on canvas, 122 × 230 cm, Galleria Doria Pamphilj, Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
* ''
Sleeping Venus'' (c. 1603)
—Oil on canvas, 190 × 328 cm, Musée Condé, Chantilly, Oise
* ''
The Martyrdom of St Stephen'' (1603–1604)
—Oil on canvas, 51 × 68 cm, Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
, Paris
* ''
Self-portrait'' (c. 1604)
—Oil on wood, 42 × 30 cm, Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg
* ''
Portable Altarpiece with Pietà and Saints'' (1604–1605)
—Oil on copper and panel, 37 × 24 cm (central panel), 37 × 12 cm (each wing), Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica, Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
* ''
The Birth of the Virgin'' (1605-1609)
-Oil on canvas, Louvre, Paris
* ''
Lamentation of Christ'' (1606)
—Oil on canvas, 92.8 × 103.2 cm, National Gallery, London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
Drawings
* ''Atlante''
Red chalk, Louvre
The Louvre ( ), or the Louvre Museum ( ), is the world's most-visited museum, and an historic landmark in Paris, France. It is the home of some of the best-known works of art, including the ''Mona Lisa'' and the ''Venus de Milo''. A central l ...
, Paris
* Drawings (exhibit,
National Gallery of Art
The National Gallery of Art, and its attached Sculpture Garden, is a national art museum in Washington, D.C., United States, located on the National Mall, between 3rd and 9th Streets, at Constitution Avenue NW. Open to the public and free of ch ...
)
Works after Carracci
* ''Venus and Adonis'' (c. 1595)
—Oil on canvas, 217 × 246 cm, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna
en, Viennese
, iso_code = AT-9
, registration_plate = W
, postal_code_type = Postal code
, postal_code =
, timezone = CET
, utc_offset = +1
, timezone_DST ...
Paintings
The tradition of
Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance ( it, Rinascimento ) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries. The period is known for the initial development of the broader Renaissance culture that spread across Europe and marked the tra ...
painting and the mature Renaissance artists like Raphael, Michelangelo, Correggio, Titian and Veronese are all painters who had a considerable influence on the work of the Carracci, in his use of colours. Carraci laid the foundations for the birth of Baroque painting. The preceding sterile Mannerist style had its recovery now in the Baroque painting in the early sixteenth century, succeeding in an original synthesis of the many schools. The paintings of Annibale are inspired by the Venetian pictorial taste and especially the paintings of
Paolo Veronese. The work that show traces of it are the ''Madonna Enthroned with Saint Matthew'', a work made for Reggio Emilia and now in the Gemäldegalerie, Dresden, and the ''Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria'' (ca. 1575), now preserved at the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice.
File:Annibale Carracci - Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns, Supported by Angels - WGA04427.jpg, ''Christ Wearing the Crown of Thorns, Supported by Angels''
File:Annibale Carracci - The Samaritan Woman at the Well - WGA4446.jpg, ''The Samaritan Woman at the Well''
File:Annibale Carracci Madonna del silienzio.jpg, ''The silent Madonna with Saint John the Baptist''
File:Annibale Carracci susanna.jpg, ''Susanna in the bath''
File:Annibale Carracci, Pietà, Kunsthistorichen, Vienna.jpg, ''Pietà'', Kunsthistoriche Museum, Vienna
File:Annibale Carracci - Lamentation of Christ - WGA4436.jpg, ''Lamentation of Christ''
File:Carracci, Annibale - Madonna and Child with St John - Google Art Project.jpg, '' Madonna and Child with St John''
File:Annibale Carracci San Rocco e l'Angelo.jpg, ''Saint Roch and the Angel''
File:Annibale Carracci, Autoritratto .jpg, Self-portrait, c. 1580
File:Annibale Carracci, attrib., Portrait of an African Slave Woman, ca. 1580s. Oil on canvas, 60 x 39 x 2 cm (fragment of a larger painting.jpg, ''Portrait of an African Woman Holding a Clock'', c. 1585[''Apollo'' (8 March 2017).]
Pick of the fair: Tomasso Brothers
. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
File:Annibale Carracci - The Temptation of St Anthony Abbot (detail) - WGA4426.jpg, ''The Temptation of St Anthony Abbot'' (detail), 1597–98
File:Carracci, Annibale - Head of an Old Man - Google Art Project.jpg, ''Head of an Old Man''
File:Annibale Carracci ritratto del medico Bossi.jpg, ''Portrait of Dr Bossi''
File:Annibale Carracci - Venus and Adonis - WGA4429.jpg, ''Venus and Adonis'', c. 1595
File:Jupiter and Juno Annibale Carracci fragment.jpg, ''Jupiter and Juno'', 1602, Palazzo Farnese
File:Annibale Carracci - Sleeping Venus - WGA4449.jpg, ''Sleeping Venus''
File:Annibale Carracci - The Choice of Heracles - WGA4416.jpg, ''The Judgment of Hercules'', 1596, National Museum of Capodimonte
File:Annibale Carracci - Venus with a Satyr and Cupids - WGA4430.jpg, '' Venus with a Satyr and Two Cupids'', 1590
File:'Boy Drinking' by Annibale Carracci, 1582-83.JPG, ''Boy Drinking'' by Annibale Carracci, 1582–83
File:Carracci - Der Bohnenesser.jpeg, '' The Beaneater'', 1580–1590, Galleria Colonna, Rome
, established_title = Founded
, established_date = 753 BC
, founder = King Romulus ( legendary)
, image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
, map_caption ...
File:Carracci-Butcher's shop.jpg, ''Butcher's Shop
''Butcher's Shop'' is the title of two paintings by the Italian Baroque painter Annibale Carracci, both dating from the early 1580s. They are now in the collections of Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford, and the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Wor ...
'', 1580, Christ Church Picture Gallery, Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the Un ...
File:Annibale Carracci - The Butcher's Shop - Google Art Project.jpg, '' The Butcher's Shop'', 1580, Kimbell Art Museum
Footnotes
References
Catholic Encyclopedia: Carracci* Christiansen, Keith
In ''Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History''. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2003)
*
*
* H. Keazor: ''"Distruggere la maniera?": die Carracci-Postille'', Freiburg im Breisgau, 2002.
* C. Dempsey: ''Annibale Carracci and the beginnings of baroque style'', Harvard, 1977; 2nd ed. Fiesole, 2000.
* A. W. A. Boschloo: ''Annibale Carracci in Bologna: visible reality in art after the Council of Trent'', 's-Gravenhage, 1974.
* C. Goldstein: ''Visual fact over verbal fiction: a study of the Carracci and the criticism, theory, and practice of art in Renaissance and baroque Italy'', Cambridge, 1988.
* D. Posner: ''Annibale Carracci: a study in the reform of Italian painting around 1590'', 2 vol., New York, 1971.
* S. Ginzburg: ''Annibale Carracci a Roma: gli affreschi di Palazzo Farnese'', Rome, 2000.
* C. Loisel: ''Inventaire général des dessins italiens'', vol. 7: Ludovico, Agostino, Annibale Carracci (Musée du Louvre: Cabinet des Dessins), Paris, 2004.
* B. Bohn: ''Ludovico Carracci and the art of drawing'', London, 2004.
* ''Annibale Carracci'', catalogo della mostra a cura di D. Benati, E. Riccomini, Bologna-Roma, 2006–2007.
* M. C. Terzaghi: ''Caravaggio, Annibale Carracci, Guido Reni tra le ricevute del Banco Herrera & Costa'', Roma, 2007.
* H. Keazor: ''"Il vero modo". Die Malereireform der Carracci'', (Neue Frankfurter Forschungen zur Kunst 5), Berlin: Gebrüder Mann Verlag, 2007.
* C. Robertson: ''The Invention of Annibale Carracci'' (Studi della Bibliotheca Hertziana, 4), Milano, 2008.
* F. Gage: "Invention, Wit and Melancholy in the Art of Annibale Carracci." ''Intellectual History Review'' 24.3 (2014): 389–413. Special Issue, The Nature of Invention. Edited by Alexander Marr and Vera Keller.
External links
*
Annibale Carracci artistic context, technique and artworksAnnibale Carracci at the WikiGallery.orgAnnibale Carracci, ''Christ Healing the Sick'', 16th century, etching, Bryn Mawr College Art and Artifact Collections''Jusepe de Ribera, 1591–1652'' an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index)
''Painters of reality: the legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy'' an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Carracci (see index)
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carracci, Annibale
1560 births
1609 deaths
16th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
17th-century Italian painters
Painters from Bologna
Italian Baroque painters
Burials at the Pantheon, Rome
Sibling artists
Catholic painters