The Alfa Romeo V6 engine (also called the Busso V6) is a 60°

V6 engine A V6 engine is a six-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration. The first V6 engines were designed and produced independently by Marmon Motor Car Company, Deutz Gasmotoren Fabrik ...

made by

Alfa Romeo Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. () is an Italian luxury car manufacturer and a subsidiary of Stellantis. The company was founded on 24 June 1910, in Milan, Italy. "Alfa" is an acronym of its founding name, "Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili." ...

from 1979 to 2005. It was developed in the early 1970s by Giuseppe Busso, and used on the

Alfa 6 The Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 (Type 119) is a luxury executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1979 to 1986. Its name refers to the six cylinders of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine, which made its first appearance on this car. History On ...

with a

displacement Displacement may refer to: Physical sciences Mathematics and Physics *Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path ...

of and a

SOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion cha ...

12-valve

cylinder head In an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head (often abbreviated to simply "head") sits above the cylinders and forms the roof of the combustion chamber. In sidevalve engines, the head is a simple sheet of metal; whereas in more modern ov ...

. Later versions ranged from and had

DOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion c ...

24-valve

valvetrain A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

s. The original design had short

pushrod A valvetrain or valve train is a mechanical system that controls the operation of the intake and exhaust valves in an internal combustion engine. The intake valves control the flow of air/fuel mixture (or air alone for direct-injected engines) ...

s for the

exhaust valve A poppet valve (also called mushroom valve) is a valve typically used to control the timing and quantity of gas or vapor flow into an engine. It consists of a hole or open-ended chamber, usually round or oval in cross-section, and a plug, usual ...

s in a design similar to earlier

Lancia Lancia () is an Italian car manufacturer and a subsidiary of FCA Italy S.p.A., which is currently a Stellantis division. The present legal entity of Lancia was formed in January 2007 when its corporate parent reorganised its businesses, but it ...

Fulvia engines. The first DOHC version was in the 1993

Alfa Romeo 164 The Alfa Romeo 164 (Type 164) is a four-door executive saloon manufactured and marketed by Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1987-1998, styled by Pininfarina, and cooperatively designed and sharing platforms and numerous elements with the Fiat ...

, with an

aluminium alloy An aluminium alloy (or aluminum alloy; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc. There are two principal ...

engine block In an internal combustion engine, the engine block is the structure which contains the cylinders and other components. In an early automotive engine, the engine block consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate crankcase was atta ...

and head with

sodium Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin ''natrium'') and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable iso ...

filled exhaust valves. The Alfa Romeo V6 has been used in kit cars like the

Ultima GTR The Ultima GTR is a super car manufactured by Ultima Sports Ltd of Hinckley, Leicestershire, England, and described by commentators as a ''supercar''. The car was available both in kit form and as a "turnkey" (i.e. assembled by the factory) ...

, Hawk HF Series, and

DAX Dax or DAX may refer to: Business and organizations * DAX, stock market index of the top 40 German companies ** DAX 100, an expanded index of 100 stocks, superseded by the HDAX ** TecDAX, stock index of the top 30 German technology firms * Dax ...

, as well as the Gillet Vertigo sports car and the Lancia Aurelia B20GT Outlaw. https://www.thornleykelham.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/The-final-3-Outlaws.pdf In August 2011

EVO magazine ''Evo'' is a British automobile magazine dedicated to performance cars, from hot hatches to supercars. History In 1995, then Harpenden-based farmer and property developer Harry Metcalfe had become involved in car tests for magazine publisher ...

wrote that "the original Alfa Romeo V6 was the most glorious-sounding six-cylinder road engine ever," The Alfa Romeo V6 engine has also been used in

ice resurfacer An ice resurfacer is a vehicle or hand-pushed device used to clean and smooth the surface of a sheet of ice, usually in an ice rink. The first ice resurfacer was developed by American inventor and engineer Frank Zamboni in 1949 in the city of Pa ...

made by engo Ltd. in Italy.ICE PROFI
Engo 270 SX , ICE PROFI
accessdate: 26. October 2019 Thanks to the wonderful sound of this engine, the Busso V6 is also called the "Violin of Arese" or "Alfa's Violin".

12V, two valve

2.0

A version was introduced in 1983. Both carburetted and fuel-injected versions were available from the start.ELABORARE
Motore Alfa Romeo V6 - ELABORARE
accessdate: 14. September 2018 Applications: * 1983–1986

Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 The Alfa Romeo Alfa 6 (Type 119) is a Luxury car, luxury executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo from 1979 to 1986. Its name refers to the six cylinders of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine, which made its first appearance on this car. ...

2.0 V6 * 1984–1987

Alfa Romeo 90 The Alfa Romeo 90 (Type 162A) is an executive car produced by Italian car manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1984 and 1987. History Designed by Bertone and introduced at the 1984 Turin Motor Show, the 90 was pitched between the Alfa Romeo Giulie ...

2.0 V6

2.0 Turbo

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

version, derived from the 3.0 L 12v, first with total digital management, was introduced in 1991 in the Alfa Romeo 164 with .Boitier Rouge
Alfa Romeo 164 : la meilleure des « Tipo 4 » ? , Boitier Rouge
accessdate: 14. September 2018 The engine has a bore and stroke of . Applications: * 1991–1992

V6 Turbo * 1992–1997 Alfa Romeo 164 Super V6 TB * 1994–2000 Alfa Romeo GTV 2.0 V6 TB * 1998–2000

Alfa Romeo Spider The Alfa Romeo Spider (105/115 series) is a two-seater, front engine, rear drive roadster manufactured and marketed by Alfa Romeo from 1966 to 1994 in four distinct generations, or ''Series'', each with modifications ranging from modest to exte ...

2.0 V6 TB * 1996–2000 Alfa Romeo 166 Super V6 TB

2.5

The original engine displaced and produced . It was a 2-valve-per-cylinder design with a single belt-driven

camshaft A camshaft is a shaft that contains a row of pointed cams, in order to convert rotational motion to reciprocating motion. Camshafts are used in piston engines (to operate the intake and exhaust valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems ...

per

cylinder bank The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engines are often categorize ...

and six carburettors. The engine has a bore and stroke of . The Bosch

L-Jetronic Jetronic is a trade name of a manifold injection technology for automotive petrol engines, developed and marketed by Robert Bosch GmbH from the 1960s onwards. Bosch licensed the concept to many automobile manufacturers. There are several variation ...

fuel injection Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector. This article focuses on fuel injection in reciprocating piston and Wankel rotary engines. All comp ...

was added for the 1983 Alfa 6, which produced the same . The 2-valve engine ended its life in the Alfa 155, where there were two series for this engine, the developing . Differences between them were small and only on

torque In physics and mechanics, torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It is also referred to as the moment of force (also abbreviated to moment). It represents the capability of a force to produce change in the rotational motion of th ...

and power delivery producing exactly the same horsepower. Applications: * 1979–1986

* 1980–1986

Alfa Romeo GTV6 The Alfa Romeo Alfetta (Type 116) is a front-engine, five-passenger sedan and fastback coupé manufactured and marketed by Alfa Romeo from 1972 to 1987 with a production total over 400,000. The Alfetta was noted for the rear position of it ...

(Alfa Romeo Alfetta GTV6 2.5) * 1984–1987

* 1985–1991 Alfa Romeo 75/Milano * 1992–1997

Alfa Romeo 155 The Alfa Romeo 155 (Type 167) is a compact executive car produced by Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo between 1992 and 1998. It was unveiled in January 1992 at Barcelona, with the first public launch in March 1992, at the Geneva Motor S ...

* 1985–1996

Fiat Croma The Fiat Croma name was used for two distinct large family car by Fiat, one a five door liftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine year hiatus, a crossover station wagon manufactured and marketed from 2005 to 2010. ...

* 1987–1989 Rayton Fissore Magnum V6 *1982

AC 3000ME The AC 3000ME is a mid-engined sports car originally sold by AC Cars. The two-door coupé debuted at the 1973 London Motor Show. Sales did not begin until 1979 and lasted until 1984. Rights to the 3000ME and tooling were transferred to a second ...

MkII PrototypeThis AC 3000 ME MkII Prototype Is The British Lancia Stratos You Never Knew You Wanted • Petrolicious
This AC 3000 ME MkII Prototype Is The British Lancia Stratos You Never Knew You Wanted • Petrolicious
accessdate: 26. January 2020

2.8 Gleich

In 1982, the German Alfa Romeo dealer and tuner Gleich offered a 2.8 conversion of the GTV6 2.5 engine. Dieter Gleich was sure that engine displacement enlargement is still the best and, for the life of the engine, the healthiest way of

tuning Tuning can refer to: Common uses * Tuning, the process of tuning a tuned amplifier or other electronic component * Musical tuning, musical systems of tuning, and the act of tuning an instrument or voice ** Guitar tunings ** Piano tuning, adjusti ...

. The engine capacity was increased to nearly 2.8 liters by using new bushings and custom-built forged Mahle pistons while the

compression ratio The compression ratio is the ratio between the volume of the cylinder and combustion chamber in an internal combustion engine at their maximum and minimum values. A fundamental specification for such engines, it is measured two ways: the stati ...

was raised from 9.5 to 10.5:1. The 2.5 liter was rebored to . Total displacement was . Power produced were at 6,300 rpm and torque at 4200 rpm.Classic Cars
Alfa Romeo GTV6 2.8 specificaties en info - Classic Cars
accessdate: 14. September 2018 The magazine "Sport driver" tested a 2.8 Gleich powered GTV6 in June 1982:

"After engaging the first gear and a somewhat careless step on the gas pedal you get a touched feel to the epiphany GTV6 shot, accompanied by the typical Alfa Romeo exhaust sound. It was a pleasure. The fact was the sprint from 0 to is not further under the seven-second limited by a tricky-to-be-shifted five-speed gearbox. The really vehement propulsion waned only when the speedometer mark has left behind. Another eye-opening experience awaits when you realize that the lightning speed to 7000 rpm rotating in any gear pinion even in fifth gear still from 1500 rpm is completely smooth."

Applications: * 1982 Alfa Romeo Alfetta GTV6 2.8 Gleich

3.0 SA (Autodelta)

The original 2.5 engine as used in the Alfa 6 was bored and stroked by

Autodelta Autodelta SpA was the name of Alfa Romeo's competition department. Established in 1961 as Auto-Delta, the company was started by Carlo Chiti and Lodovico Chizzola, former Alfa Romeo and Ferrari engineers. The team was officially made a departm ...

, the former Alfa Romeo racing department to match the racing rules for South African and Australian championships. Bore was increased from to and a new

crankshaft A crankshaft is a mechanical component used in a piston engine to convert the reciprocating motion into rotational motion. The crankshaft is a rotating shaft containing one or more crankpins, that are driven by the pistons via the connecting ...

stroked to . The total displacement was and it's a totally different engine from the later that powered the 75/

Milano Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city has ...

models. It was, too, a 2-valve-per-cylinder design with a single belt-driven camshaft per cylinder bank and six carburettors. Special camshafts and carbs were used giving a power figure of at 5800 rpm. Torque was at 4300 rpm, while compression ratio was 9:1. Only 174 complete GTV6 3.0 SA cars were produced in 1984 plus 68 more in 1985. the last ones were fitted with EFI. The 3.0 GTV6 was sold in South Africa in 1983-1985, predating the release of the 3.0 L displacement to the rest of the world.CAR magazine
CLASSIC BUY: Alfa Romeo GTV6 (1982-1985) - CAR magazine
accessdate: 14. September 2018 This engine was an Autodelta hand made conversion based on Alfa Sei 2.5 carburated engines enlarged to bore and

stroke A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death. There are two main types of stroke: ischemic, due to lack of blood flow, and hemorrhagic, due to bleeding. Both cause parts of the brain to stop functionin ...

of .topCar magazine online
Alfa 3.0 GTV6 , topCar magazine online
accessdate: 14. September 2018 Applications: * 1984–1985 Alfa Romeo Alfetta GTV6 3.0 SA

3.0

Pulled by the racing success of the 3.0 SA engine and looking for more power to boost 75/

sales in countries like USA, Alfa Romeo introduced a production version of the 3.0 engine. Bore was , as the 3.0 SA, but stroke was increased to . The total displacement was . As the previous engines, it was a 2-valve-per-cylinder design with a single belt-driven camshaft per cylinder bank. The main difference with the racing 3.0 SA was the use of modern

fuel injection system by Bosch. Power figures vary from to at 5800 rpm, with compression ratio 9:1. This engine was modified for

transverse Transverse may refer to: *Transverse engine, an engine in which the crankshaft is oriented side-to-side relative to the wheels of the vehicle *Transverse flute, a flute that is held horizontally * Transverse force (or ''Euler force''), the tangen ...

placement in the 164 and fitted with a high-performance camshaft and low-restriction exhaust, producing in standard form, when a catalyzer was added in 1991, with the Cloverleaf version producing . The same engine was fitted to the SZ and RZ - ES30 Zagato, but even more finely tuned with wilder cams and high compression pistons to a further .Fast Classics
Alfa Romeo S.Z. , Fast Classics
accessdate: 26. October 2019 Applications: * 1987–1991 Alfa Romeo 75/Milano * 1988–1997

* 1989–1991 Alfa Romeo SZ * 1992–1994

Alfa Romeo RZ Rz or RZ can stand for: People: * Friederike Schwarz, Czech composer and journalist who used rz as a pseudonym) * Robin Zander, American rock singer with Cheap Trick * Richard Zednik, Slovak professional hockey player * Roger Zelazny, American s ...

* 1992–1994

Lancia Thema The Lancia Thema (Type 834) is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Lancia between 1984 and 1994, and one of four cars to share the Type Four platform alongside the Alfa Romeo 164, Fiat Croma and Saab 9000. The Thema was first shown ...

* 1993–2000

24V, four valve

2.5 24V

A four-valve version was introduced in 1997 with the Alfa Romeo 156. The engine now produced . In 2001, the V6 was uprated to .Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press
New Alfa 156 and Alfa 156 GTA - Press Releases - Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press
accessdate: 14. September 2018 The 166 used a slightly detuned version to make more low rev torque. This engine version was awarded as the International Engine of the Year in 2000. The engine has a bore and stroke of , the same as the two-valve. Applications: * 1996–2005

Alfa Romeo 156 The Alfa Romeo 156 (Type 932) is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was introduced at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155. The 156 received a positive recep ...

* 1996–2007 Alfa Romeo 166

3.0 24V

The engine was upgraded to dual overhead cams and four valves per cylinder in 1993. Due to this and other refinements, this engine produced for the regular 1993 Alfa Romeo 164, with and in the 164 QV with its engine producing on the Q4 model which in its final production run in 1996, it got reduced to but with increased torque.Quattroruote.it
Listino ALFA ROMEO 164 (1987-1998) - prezzi, caratteristiche tecniche e accessori - Quattroruote.it
accessdate: 14. September 2018 The final run of 3.0 V6 engines in the GTV, Spider and 166 range, produced in the

Euro 3 The European emission standards are vehicle emission standards for pollution from the use of new land surface vehicles sold in the European Union and EEA member states and the UK, and ships in EU waters. The standards are defined in a ser ...

-compliant version. The engine has a bore and stroke of , the same as the two-valve. Applications: * 1991 Alfa Romeo Proteo concept car * 1993–1997

* 1994–2000

Lancia Kappa The Lancia Kappa or Lancia k (Type 838) is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Italian manufacturer Lancia from 1994–2000, with saloon, estate, and coupé variants — sharing platforms with the Alfa Romeo 166. The Kappa has a f ...

* 1996–2003 Alfa Romeo GTV * 2000–2003

* 1996–2007 Alfa Romeo 166 * 2001–2008

Lancia Thesis The Lancia Thesis (Type 841) is a full-size car produced by Italian automaker Lancia between 2001 and 2009. It was available with naturally aspirated and turbocharged engines ranging between 2.0 and 3.2 litres, in both straight-5 or V6 conf ...

* 1998–present Gillet Vertigo (Vertigo used also 3.6 L version)

3.2 24V

In 2002 Alfa Romeo introduced the 156 and 147 GTA with a version of the V6 with and of torque. Later this engine was also used in the Alfa Romeo 166, GTV, Spider and Alfa Romeo GT in a slightly detuned form .Fiche technique Alfa Romeo 166 3.2 V6 240 BLACK LINE 2007
Fiche technique Alfa Romeo 166 3.2 V6 240 BLACK LINE 2007
accessdate: 14. September 2018 The engine has a bore and stroke . In Lancia this engine produced .Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press
NEW ENGINES FOR THE LANCIA THESIS - Press Releases - Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA Press
accessdate: 14. September 2018 Applications: * 2002–2005

Alfa Romeo 156 GTA The Alfa Romeo 156 (Type 932) is a compact executive car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturer Alfa Romeo. It was introduced at the 1997 Frankfurt Motor Show as the replacement for the Alfa Romeo 155. The 156 received a positive recep ...

* 2002–2005 Alfa Romeo 147 GTA * 2002–2004 Alfa Romeo GTV * 2002–2004

* 2003–2007 Alfa Romeo 166 * 2003–2010

Alfa Romeo GT The Alfa Romeo GT (Type 937) is a coupe automobile that was produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo between 2003 and 2010. The GT was introduced in March 2003 at the Geneva Motor Show.Fiat Chrysler Automobiles EMEA PressNEW ALFA GT COUPÉ, W ...

* 2003–2009

3.5 24V

In December 2002, at the Bologna Motor Show, Alfa Romeo displayed a 156 GTAm prototype, built by N-Technology, with 3458cc. The power was increased to 300 PS at 6,800rpm. The engine had a bore and stroke of 97 mm x 78 mm. This version never came to production, and it was based on N-Technology's experience racing the 156 GTA SuperTuring. Application: * 2002 Alfa Romeo 156 GTAm

N.Technology N.Technology is an Italian auto racing team, founded by Mauro Sipsz and Monica Bregoli. Team history N.Technology (originally named Nordauto Squadra Corse or Team Nordauto) were set up to manage the worldwide sporting activities of the Fiat Gro ...

2.5 V6 DTM Alfa Romeo raced, in early 1990s, a 2.5-litre engine based on Busso's 60º V6. The engine was substantially revised and had a difference bore and stroke from the 2.5 standard engine, respectively, 93 mm x 61.3 mm, and making 420 bhp (313 kW) @ 11,800 rpm with a torque of 294 Nm. Alfa Romeo, during the 1993-1996 era of DTM/ITC, racked up an incredible thirty-eight victories of a total of eighty-nine starts. The V6-engined machine also qualified on pole nineteen times and set the fastest lap in forty-two races. Application: * Alfa Romeo 155 V6 TI DTM. Later, Alfa Romeo also raced a lighter 90º V6 engine, with 490 PS @11,900 rpm, in the DTM Championship.

Engine applications - Table

Production end

The V6 production ended in 2005 at

Alfa Romeo Arese Plant The Alfa Romeo Arese Plant was a plant area where Alfa Romeo had its head office for more than two decades prior to 1986. After Fiat Group purchased Alfa Romeo in 1986, Arese became one of the assembly plants of Fiat Group. The factory is in the ...

; a stock of five thousand were built, to be used in Lancia Thesis, Alfa 166 and Alfa GT models. The engine was replaced in the

159 Year 159 ( CLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time in Roman territories, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Quintillus and Priscus (or, less frequently, year ...

and Brera by a new 3.2 L V6 unit combining a General Motors-designed engine block with Alfa Romeo cylinder heads and induction. British

automotive engineering Automotive engineering, along with aerospace engineering and naval architecture, is a branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software, and safety engineering as applied to the design, manufactu ...

company

Cosworth Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958, specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines, powertrain, and electronics for automobile racing (motorsport) and mainstream automotive industrie ...

was keen to buy assembly lines of the Alfa Romeo V6 engine, but the Italian company did not want to sell it. The last version of 3.2 L engine was Euro4 compliant, so it would have been possible to produce it a couple of years more. The engine's designer Giuseppe Busso died within a couple of days after the last engine was produced in Arese.AutoEdizione.com
Alfisti commemorate Giuseppe Busso in Arese , AutoEdizione.com
, accessdate: 14. September 2018 Since 2015,

Fiat Powertrain FPT Industrial is an Italian multinational designer and manufacturer of transmissions, axles, diesel and petrol engines that was established in March 2005 as a Fiat Group division which included all the activities related to powertrains and tran ...

manufactures the all-new, Ferrari-derived 90° V6 Biturbo engine (

Ferrari F154 engine The Ferrari F154 is a family of modular twin-turbocharged, direct injected V8 petrol engines designed and produced by Ferrari since 2013. It is a replacement for the naturally aspirated ''Ferrari/Maserati'' F136 V8 family on both Maserati an ...

) for the Giulia Quadrifoglio and Stelvio Quadrifoglio.