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Alfa Romeo 166
The Alfa Romeo 166 (Type 936) is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo, between 1996 and June 2007. The car was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, under the control of Walter de Silva, and was facelifted in September 2003. History In order to keep the design fresh, Alfa Romeo made a series of modifications to the Lancia Kappa based underpinnings, radically changing the suspension set up, and also taking a clean paper approach to the interior. The 166 served as the replacement for the 164. The car was initially available with a 2.0-litre Twin Spark (155 PS), a 2.5-litre V6 (190 PS), a 3.0 V6 (226 PS) or a V6 2.0 Turbo (205 PS) petrol engine. Diesel engines were a L5 2.4-litre 10v common rail turbodiesel version with , and output, praised for its refinement. The TS model used a five-speed manual gearbox, whilst the 2.5 and 3.0 had the option of a ''Sportronic'' automatic gearbox. The 3.0 V6, L5 2.4, and V6 Turbo were otherwise su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fiat Auto
Fiat Società per Azioni, S.p.A., or ''Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino'' (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin), was an Italian holding company whose original and Core business, core activities were in the automotive industry, and that was succeeded by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV (FCA). The Fiat Group contained many brands such as Ferrari, Maserati, Fiat, Alfa Romeo, the Chrysler Group, and many more. On 29 January 2014, it was announced that Fiat S.p.A. (the former owner of Fiat Group) was to be merged into a new Netherlands-based holding company Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV (FCA), taking place before the end of 2014. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles became the new owner of Fiat Group. On 1 August 2014, Fiat S.p.A. received necessary shareholder approval to proceed with the merger (which followed board approval). The merger became effective 12 October 2014. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors, including Giovanni Ag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ZF 4HP20 Transmission
The ZF 4HP20 is a four-speed automatic transmission for passenger cars from ZF Friedrichshafen AG. Introduced in 1995, it remains in production, and has been used in a variety of cars from Citroën, Lancia, Mercedes-Benz, Peugeot, and Renault. Applications *1996–2004 Peugeot 406 V6 3.0 *1996–2003 Mercedes-Benz Vito *1996–2003 Mercedes-Benz V-Class *1997–2001 Citroën Xantia V6 3.0 *1997–2001 Citroën XM V6 3.0 *1997–1999 Peugeot 605 V6 3.0 *1998–2002 Alfa Romeo 166 V6 2.5, V6 3.0 *1998–2005 Lancia Kappa, Phedra V6 3.0 *1998–2008 Renault Laguna 3.0 *1998–2002 Renault Espace V6 3.0 *1999–2000 Renault Safrane V6 3.0 24V *2001–2008 Citroën C5 and Citroën C8, Peugeot 807 and Peugeot 607 with DW12 2.2 HDi *2004–2010 Peugeot 407 with DW12 2.2 HDi *2003–2006 Fiat Ducato 2.8 JTD(244 Baumuster) See also *List of ZF transmissions This list of ZF transmissions details those automotive transmissions c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diesel Engine
The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-called compression-ignition engine (CI engine). This contrasts with engines using spark plug-ignition of the air-fuel mixture, such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or a gas engine (using a gaseous fuel like natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas). Diesel engines work by compressing only air, or air plus residual combustion gases from the exhaust (known as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)). Air is inducted into the chamber during the intake stroke, and compressed during the compression stroke. This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites. With the fuel being injected into the air just before combustion, the dispersion of the fuel is une ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petrol Engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas and ethanol blends (such as ''E10'' and ''E85''). Most petrol engines use spark ignition, unlike diesel engines which typically use compression ignition. Another key difference to diesel engines is that petrol engines typically have a lower compression ratio. Design Thermodynamic cycle Most petrol engines use either the four-stroke Otto cycle or the two-stroke cycle. Petrol engines have also been produced using the Miller cycle and Atkinson cycle. Layout Most petrol-powered piston engines are straight engines or V engines. However, flat engines, W engines and other layouts are sometimes used. Wankel engines are classified by the number of rotors used. Compression ratio Cooling Petrol engines are either air-cooled or water-cooled. Ignition Petrol e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfa Romeo 166
The Alfa Romeo 166 (Type 936) is an executive car produced by the Italian automaker Alfa Romeo, between 1996 and June 2007. The car was designed by Centro Stile Alfa Romeo, under the control of Walter de Silva, and was facelifted in September 2003. History In order to keep the design fresh, Alfa Romeo made a series of modifications to the Lancia Kappa based underpinnings, radically changing the suspension set up, and also taking a clean paper approach to the interior. The 166 served as the replacement for the 164. The car was initially available with a 2.0-litre Twin Spark (155 PS), a 2.5-litre V6 (190 PS), a 3.0 V6 (226 PS) or a V6 2.0 Turbo (205 PS) petrol engine. Diesel engines were a L5 2.4-litre 10v common rail turbodiesel version with , and output, praised for its refinement. The TS model used a five-speed manual gearbox, whilst the 2.5 and 3.0 had the option of a ''Sportronic'' automatic gearbox. The 3.0 V6, L5 2.4, and V6 Turbo were otherwise su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Facelift (automobile)
An automotive facelift (also known as mid-generational refresh, minor model change or minor model update, life cycle impulse) comprises changes to a vehicle's styling during its production run – including, to highly variable degree, new sheetmetal, interior design elements or mechanical changes – allowing a carmaker to freshen a model without complete redesign. While the life cycle of cars hovers around six to eight years until a full model change, facelifts are generally introduced around three years in their production cycle. A facelift retains the basic styling and platform of the car, with aesthetic alterations, e.g., changes to the front fascia (grille, headlights), taillights, bumpers, instrument panel and center console, and various body or interior trim accessories. Mechanical changes may or may not occur concurrently with the facelift (e.g., changes to the engine, suspension or transmission). __TOC__ History In the 1920s, General Motors under the l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alfa Romeo
Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A. () is an Italian luxury car manufacturer and a subsidiary of Stellantis. The company was founded on 24 June 1910, in Milan, Italy. "Alfa" is an acronym of its founding name, "Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili." "Anonima" means "anonymous", which was a legal form of company at the time ( Società anonima). In the initial set-up phase, in order to have a building to produce cars, the company bought the Portello factory building of Darracq in Milan, which was closing up and selling all its assets. The brand is known for sport-oriented vehicles and has been involved in car racing since 1911. Alfa Romeo was owned by Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the company that was responsible for the production of Alfa Romeo cars until its operations were fully merged with those of the PSA Group to form Stellantis on 16 January 2021. The first car produced by the company was the 1910 24 HP, designed by Giuseppe Merosi. A.L.F.A. ventured into motor racing, with driv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Executive Car
Executive car is a British term for a large car which is equivalent to the European E-segment and American full-size classifications. Executive cars are larger than compact executive cars (and the non-luxury equivalent mid-size cars), and smaller than luxury saloons / full-size luxury sedans. The term has also been adopted by Euro NCAP, a European organization founded to test for car safety. Background The term was coined in the 1960s to describe cars targeted at successful professionals and middle-to-senior managers. It was used by businesses as an incentive for employees in senior roles and to exploit Britain and Europe's tax schemes as a company owned vehicle. Early executive cars typically offered engines with displacements of , compared with for an equivalent sized—but less luxurious—"large family car". Prior to the 1990s, executive cars were typically sedans, however in recent years they have also been produced in other body styles, such as estates ( station wag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter De Silva
Walter Maria de Silva (born 27 February 1951 in Lecco, Italy) is an Italian car designer and former head of Volkswagen Group Design, until 2015. Since beginning his car design career in 1972 as trainee car designer for Fiat's Style Centre. De Silva has also worked as a designer at I.DE.A Institute, and as head of design for Alfa Romeo, SEAT and the 'Audi brand group'. He is presently President of the Design Studio Walter De Silva & Partners. Career Fiat 1972-1977 Walter de Silva began his career in 1972 at age 21, working for Centro Stile Fiat. I.DE.A. Institute 1977-1986 After his experience at Fiat, Walter de Silva worked at the I.DE.A Institute in Turin, Italy for nine years under the direction of Franco Mantegazza and Renzo Piano. Alfa Romeo 1986-1999 In 1986 Walter de Silva was recruited away from the I.DE.A. Institute to become head of Alfa Romeo's Centro Stile. Walter de Silva remained in this role until 1999. At Alfa Romeo, de Silva led the renewal of the brand's des ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trumpchi GS5
The Trumpchi GS5 is a compact crossover produced by GAC Group under the Trumpchi brand. The first generation was sold from 2011 to 2017 with a facelift variant called the GS5 Super launched in 2014, while the second generation model was sold starting in 2018. A facelift for the 2021 model year was launched during the 2021 Shanghai Auto Show, changing the name to Trumpchi GS4 Plus. __TOC__ First generation (2011) The first generation Trumpchi GS5 debuted during the 2011 Guangzhou Auto Show. Sales started in April 2012. Original prices ranges from 123,800 yuan to 229,800 yuan. Powertrain Power of the GS5 comes from a 2.0-litre engine with and , mated to a 5-speed manual transmission or 5-speed automatic transmission. A 1.8-litre turbo engine and a 2.4-litre engine was available at a later date. Specifications The Trumpchi GS5 is based on the same platform as the Trumpchi GA5 sedan which is based on the old Alfa Romeo 166, with a few selected engines also supplied by FCA. Tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trumpchi GA5
The Trumpchi GA5, or originally the Guangzhou Auto Trumpchi is a compact sedan produced by Guangzhou Automobile under the Trumpchi brand. It debuted at the 2010 Guangzhou Auto Show. Overview In 2009, Alfa Romeo had sold its 166/Kappa platform and tooling to Guangzhou Automobile (GAC), which formed the basis of the Trumpchi GA5 and Trumpchi GS5 crossover, using a FIAT/Alfa Romeo 2.0 engine and a manual, automatic or tiptronic transmission. Pricing ranges from 122,800 yuan to 189,800 yuan. The Trumpchi was launched as a brand and the brand expanded later with the Guangzhou Auto Trumpchi being renamed to Trumpchi GA5 by the end of 2012 along with the facelift. As of 2014, the Trumpchi GA5 is powered by a 1.6-liter turbo engine mated to a 5-speed manual transmission or a 5-speed automatic transmission. The maximum engine power of the GA5 is 116.0kW with a maximum horsepower of 158PS and 216.0N·m. Trumpchi GA5 PHEV The Trumpchi GA5 PHEV or Trumpchi GA5 REV is a plug-in hybrid EV ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lancia Kappa
The Lancia Kappa or Lancia k (Type 838) is an executive car manufactured and marketed by Italian manufacturer Lancia from 1994–2000, with saloon, estate, and coupé variants — sharing platforms with the Alfa Romeo 166. The Kappa has a front-engine, front-drive, five passenger, left-hand drive design. After its debut at the 1994 Paris Auto Show, production reached 117,216, over six years. The Kappa was manufactured at the Fiat factory in Tetti Francesi, Rivalta di Torino and was designed by the Lancia Style Center in collaboration with the I.DE.A Institute. Lancia had earlier used the ''Kappa'' nameplate for the 1919 Kappa, with evolutions called Dikappa and Trikappa). Overview Kappa is the tenth letter of the Greek alphabet, Lancia having frequently used the Greek letters for its model nameplates. In writing, Lancia often referred to the Kappa simply as the k (lower case "k"), which is fairly similar to the original Greek letter κ. In Poland, where Fiat Auto is th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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