Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi ( fa, احمد بن اسحاق اشعری قمی, died between 874 and 877
CE) was one of the most trusted
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
narrators of the
Shiite
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most ...
s.
He is said to have been a delegate () from Qom to al-Askari. It is also said that al-Hadi paid Ahmad's debts worth thirty-thousand dinars.
He met the last four Shiite
Imams
Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, serve ...
(
Muhammad al-Jawad
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Jawad ( ar, محمد بن علي الجواد, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Jawād, – 29 November 835) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the ninth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Ali al-Rida. ...
,
Ali al-Hadi
ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُحَمَّد ٱلْهَادِي; 828 – 868 CE) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tenth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Muhammad al-Jawad. He ...
,
Hasan al-Askari
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ( ar, الحَسَن بْن عَلِيّ بْن مُحَمَّدُ, translit=al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad; ), better known as Hasan al-Askari ( ar, الحَسَن ٱلْعَسْكَرِيّ , translit=al-Ḥa ...
and
Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī ( ar, محمد بن الحسن المهدي) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justic ...
) and was one of their companions and the agent of the 11th Shiite Imam.
[
][
][
]
His tomb is located in
Sarpol-e Zahab
Sarpol-e Zahab ( fa, سرپل ذهاب, ''Sarpole Zahâb''; ku, Serpêllî Zehaw, ; also romanized as Sarpol-e Z̄ahāb, Sar-e Pol-e Z̄ahāb, and Sar-ī-Pūl Zūhāb; also known as Pol-e Z̄ahāb, Sarpole-Zahab, Pol-e Z̄ohāb, Sarī-Pūl, and ...
,
Kermanshah Province,
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...
. The international congress in his honor was held in March 2011 and while issuing his
stamp
Stamp or Stamps or Stamping may refer to:
Official documents and related impressions
* Postage stamp, used to indicate prepayment of fees for public mail
* Ration stamp, indicating the right to rationed goods
* Revenue stamp, used on documents to ...
, the reconstruction of his tomb began.
[
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Genealogy
''Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi'' is from the ''Al-Ashari'' family. His lineage is as follows: ''Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'd ibn Malik al-Ahwas al-Ash'ari''. His
kunya or
teknonymy
Teknonymy (from grc-gre, τέκνον, "child" and grc-gre, ὄνομα, label=none, "name"), is the practice of referring to parents by the names of their children. This practice can be found in many different cultures around the world. The term ...
was ''Abu Ali''.
[
]
His ancestors were from the ''Ash'ari'' tribe who lived in the city of
Kufa
Kufa ( ar, الْكُوفَة ), also spelled Kufah, is a city in Iraq, about south of Baghdad, and northeast of Najaf. It is located on the banks of the Euphrates River. The estimated population in 2003 was 110,000. Currently, Kufa and Najaf ...
. His fourth forefather, Ahwas ibn Sa'il al-Ash'ari, in 739 CE, took part in the uprising of
Zayd ibn Ali
Zayd ibn Zayn al-Abidin ( ar, زيد بن زين العابدين; 695–740), also spelled Zaid, was the son of Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, and great-grandson of Ali ibn Abi Talib.
He led an unsuccessful revolt against the Umayyad Calipha ...
and took command of his corps, and after Zayd's martyrdom, he was arrested. After four years of imprisonment in
Hajjaj prison, he was released through the intercession of his brother ''Abdullah'', then they emigrated to
Qom and forming the Ash'ari tribe of Qom.
[
][
]
His father, ''Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn Sa'd'', was one of the most trusted
hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
narrators in Qom and narrated from
Ja'far al-Sadiq
Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Ṣādiq ( ar, جعفر بن محمد الصادق; 702 – 765 CE), commonly known as Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (), was an 8th-century Shia Muslim scholar, jurist, and theologian.. He was the founder of th ...
and
Musa al-Kadhim
Musa ibn Ja'far al-Kazim ( ar, مُوسَىٰ ٱبْن جَعْفَر ٱلْكَاظِم, Mūsā ibn Jaʿfar al-Kāẓim), also known as Abū al-Ḥasan, Abū ʿAbd Allāh or Abū Ibrāhīm, was the seventh Imam in Twelver Shia Islam, after hi ...
.
[
]
Companion of three Imams
According to Shiite scholars, ''Ahmad ibn Ishaq'' was one of the companions of
Muhammad al-Jawad
Muhammad ibn Ali al-Jawad ( ar, محمد بن علي الجواد, Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Jawād, – 29 November 835) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the ninth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Ali al-Rida. ...
(the ninth of
the twelve Imams
The Twelve Imams ( ar, ٱلْأَئِمَّة ٱلْٱثْنَا عَشَر, '; fa, دوازده امام, ') are the spiritual and political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Twelver branch of Islam, including that of the Alawi ...
) and
Ali al-Hadi
ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُحَمَّد ٱلْهَادِي; 828 – 868 CE) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tenth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Muhammad al-Jawad. He ...
(the tenth of the twelve Imams) and one of the close companions of
Hasan al-Askari
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ( ar, الحَسَن بْن عَلِيّ بْن مُحَمَّدُ, translit=al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad; ), better known as Hasan al-Askari ( ar, الحَسَن ٱلْعَسْكَرِيّ , translit=al-Ḥa ...
(the eleventh of the twelve Imams) and narrated from them. Also some books are listed for him, such as "Causes of Fasting" ''( ar, علل الصوم)'' and "Issues of Men" ''( ar, مسائل الرجال)''.
[
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The agent of Hasan al-Askari
In some sources, he is mentioned as the agent of Imam Hasan al-Askari
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ( ar, الحَسَن بْن عَلِيّ بْن مُحَمَّدُ, translit=al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad; ), better known as Hasan al-Askari ( ar, الحَسَن ٱلْعَسْكَرِيّ , translit=al-Ḥa ...
(the eleventh of the twelve Imams in Shia Islam
Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, m ...
) in the endowments of Qom.[
][
] Some have considered him as the agent of Ali al-Hadi
ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Hādī ( ar, عَلِيّ ٱبْن مُحَمَّد ٱلْهَادِي; 828 – 868 CE) was a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the tenth of the Twelve Imams, succeeding his father, Muhammad al-Jawad. He ...
(the tenth Imam
Imam (; ar, إمام '; plural: ') is an Islamic leadership position. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, ser ...
), relying on some evidences.[
]
Careers
''Ahmad ibn Ishaq'' was the agent of the Imams in the city of Qom and was responsible for the jurisprudential and doctrinal issues of the people (in Islamic sciences). He collected their funds and sent them to Imam ''Hasan al-Askari''. He also took the necessary measures regarding endowments and it is known that by the order of Imam ''al-Askari'', he started to build a mosque in the city of Qom, which is known today as ''Imam Hassan Askari Mosque''.[
][
]
Also, he was a hadith
Ḥadīth ( or ; ar, حديث, , , , , , , literally "talk" or "discourse") or Athar ( ar, أثر, , literally "remnant"/"effect") refers to what the majority of Muslims believe to be a record of the words, actions, and the silent approval ...
scholar and narrates from eleven sheikh
Sheikh (pronounced or ; ar, شيخ ' , mostly pronounced , plural ' )—also transliterated sheekh, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, shekh, shaik and Shaikh, shak—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a ...
s and masters and twenty-three Shiite narrators are his students and narrators. Early rijal
Biographical evaluation ( ar, عِلْمُ الرِّجال, ʿilm al-rijāl; literally meaning'' 'Knowledge of Men' , ''but more commonly understood as the ''Science of Narrators)'' refers to a discipline of Islam, Islamic religious studies wi ...
s and narrators have all praised him for his trustworthiness and have reported several hadith works for him.[
]
Demise
According to Mohammad ibn Omar ibn Abdol Aziz Kashshi's book ''Rijal al-Kashshi
( ar, اختیار معرفة الرجال), also known as the ( ar, رجال الکَشّي), is a Twelver Shi'ite work of biographical evaluation () originally written by Muhammad ibn Umar al-Kashshi ( 854–941/951) and abridged by Shaykh ...
'', ''Ahmad ibn Ishaq'' was alive until after the martyrdom of Imam ''Hasan al-Askari''. According to this narration, he wrote a letter to the Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī ( ar, محمد بن الحسن المهدي) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justic ...
(the son and the successor of ''Hasan al-Askari'') asking for permission to go on Hajj
The Hajj (; ar, حَجّ '; sometimes also spelled Hadj, Hadji or Haj in English) is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, the holiest city for Muslims. Hajj is a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried ...
pilgrimage. The Imam allowed him and sent him a cloth. When Ahmad saw the cloth, he said, ''"The Imam has announced my death"''. He died while returning from the Hajj pilgrimage in Hulwan
Hulwan ( fa, حلوان) was an ancient town on the Zagros Mountains in western Iran, located on the entrance of the Paytak Pass, nowadays identified with the town of Sarpol-e Zahab.
History
Later Arab tradition, as recorded by al-Tabari, cons ...
, Iran.[
]
It is stated in the book '' Dala'il al-Imamah'': ''Ahmad ibn Ishaq'' was working as the agent of Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mahdī ( ar, محمد بن الحسن المهدي) is believed by the Twelver Shia to be the last of the Twelve Imams and the eschatological Mahdi, who will emerge in the end of time to establish peace and justic ...
until he asked his permission to go to Qom. The Imam, in a request for permission to travel, had stated that he would not reach Qom and would fall ill on the way and die. So he fell ill in Hulwan and died and was buried there.[
] According to this, the date of his death is said to be the years around 874 to 877 CE.[
] Of course, according to a narration from Ibn Babawayh
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawayh al-Qummi (Persian: ar, أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّد ٱبْن عَلِيّ ٱبْن بَابَوَيْه ٱلْقُمِيّ; –991), commonly referred to as Ibn Babawayh (Persian: ar, ...
, he died during the life of Imam Hasan al-Askari
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ( ar, الحَسَن بْن عَلِيّ بْن مُحَمَّدُ, translit=al-Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad; ), better known as Hasan al-Askari ( ar, الحَسَن ٱلْعَسْكَرِيّ , translit=al-Ḥa ...
.[
]
His tomb in the city of Sarpol-e Zahab
Sarpol-e Zahab ( fa, سرپل ذهاب, ''Sarpole Zahâb''; ku, Serpêllî Zehaw, ; also romanized as Sarpol-e Z̄ahāb, Sar-e Pol-e Z̄ahāb, and Sar-ī-Pūl Zūhāb; also known as Pol-e Z̄ahāb, Sarpole-Zahab, Pol-e Z̄ohāb, Sarī-Pūl, and ...
is a Shiite shrine.[
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Commemoration
The first congress in honor of ''Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi'' was held in Kermanshah
Kermanshah ( fa, کرمانشاه, Kermânšâh ), also known as Kermashan (; romanized: Kirmaşan), is the capital of Kermanshah Province, located from Tehran in the western part of Iran. According to the 2016 census, its population is 946,68 ...
in May 2006.[
][
] َAlso an international congress in honor of ''Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi'' was held in March 2011.[
][
] A special stamp of this congress was unveiled at the ceremony.[
]
See also
* Zakaria ibn Idris Ash'ari Qomi
Zakaria ibn Idris Ash'ari Qomi or Zakaria ibn Idris ibn Abd-Allah al-Ash'ari al-Qomi ( fa, زکریا بن ادریس اشعری قمی, ar, زکریا بن إدریس بن عبدالله الأشعري القمي), known as Abu Jarir ( fa, ا ...
* Zakaria ibn Adam Ash'ari Qomi
Zakaria ibn Adam Ash'ari Qomi ( fa, زکریا بن آدم اَشْعَری قمی) was a Shia Muhaddith (scholar of hadith) from 8th century and one of the companions of Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad aṣ-Ṣādiq (the sixth Shiite leader). He was on ...
* Abu Hamza al-Thumali
Thābit ibn Safiya famously known as Abū Hamzah al-Thumālī Thābit ibn Dīnār ( ar, أبو حمزة الثمالي) was a close companion of Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin.
Life
Abu Hamza al-Thumali was pious and righteous companion of Ali Zayn al-Ab ...
* Safwan ibn Yahya Safwan bin Yahya al-Bajali is one of the companions of three Shia Imam, Muhammad al-Jawad, Ali al-Ridha and Musa al-Kadhim. Shaykh Tusi and Ahmad ibn Ali al-Najashi describe him as one of the most reliable and authentic narrators of Hadiths. It is s ...
* Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari
Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was a contemporary Iranian Muslim Faqīh and a Twelver Marja' who was in charge of the administration of the Qom Seminary for ten years. He was born on 17 March 1893 and died on 19 January 1953. He was a promi ...
* Mohammad ibn Umar Kashshi
Abū ʿAmr Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz al-Kashshī ( ar, أبو عمرو محمد بن عمر بن عبد العزیز الکَشّي), died 941 or 951 or 978, known as al-Kashshi or (in Persian) as Kashshi, was a Twelver Shi'ite s ...
* Mirza-ye Qomi
Mirza Abolghasem Gilani ( fa, میرزا ابوالقاسم گیلانی), known as Mirza-ye Qomi ( fa, میرزای قمی), the author of the book of ''Qawanin al-Usul'' ( ar, قوانین الاصول, ''The Laws of Principles''),
was a Shi ...
* Agha Hossein Khansari
Agha Hossein Khansari ( fa, آقا حسین خوانساری), full name Hossein ibn Jamal al-Din Mohammad Khansari ( fa, حسین بن جمال الدین محمد خوانساری), known as Mohaghegh Khansari ( fa, محقق خوانساری) a ...
* Mohammad Jafar Sabzevari
* Mohaghegh Sabzevari
References
*
External links
Tomb of "Ahmad ibn Ishaq Ash'ari Qomi" pictures
Emam Hassan Askari Mosque pictures
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ash'ari Qomi, Ahmad ibn Ishaq
9th-century Iranian people
Shia hadith scholars
People from Qom
Shia clerics
870s deaths
Year of death uncertain
Year of birth unknown