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The Adelaide Park Lands are the figure-eight of land spanning both banks of the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
between Hackney and Thebarton and separating the
City of Adelaide The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of Sout ...
area (which includes both
Adelaide city centre Adelaide city centre (Kaurna language, Kaurna: Tarndanya) is the inner city locality of Adelaide, Greater Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It is known by locals simply as "the City" or "Town" to distinguish it from Greater Adelaid ...
and North Adelaide) from the surrounding suburbia of greater metropolitan
Adelaide Adelaide ( ) is the list of Australian capital cities, capital city of South Australia, the state's largest city and the list of cities in Australia by population, fifth-most populous city in Australia. "Adelaide" may refer to either Greater A ...
, the capital city of
South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of , it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories ...
. They were laid out by Colonel William Light in his design for the city, and originally consisted of "exclusive of for a public cemetery". One copy of Light's plan shows areas for a cemetery and a Post and Telegraph Store on West Tce, a small Government Domain and Barracks on the central part of North Tce, a hospital on East Tce, a Botanical Garden on the River Torrens west of North Adelaide, and a school and a storehouse south-west of North Adelaide. Over the years there has been constant encroachment on the Park Lands by the state government and others. Soon after their declaration in 1837, "were lost to 'Government Reserves'".Fiction and Facts about the Adelaide Park Lands
, Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association.
In 1902, ''The Herald'' noted that a total area of had been taken from park lands. In 2018, the loss is about . The part of the Park Lands not in the "Government Reserves" have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council since 1852, and since February 2007, the ''Adelaide Park Lands Authority'' has advised council and government. On 7 November 2008 the Federal Minister for Environment, Heritage and the Arts,
Peter Garrett Peter Robert Garrett (born 16 April 1953) is an Australian musician, environmentalist, activist and former politician. In 1973, Garrett became the lead singer of the Australian rock band Midnight Oil. As a performer he is known for his sign ...
, announced that the Adelaide Park Lands had been entered in the Australian National Heritage List as "an enduring treasure for the people of South Australia and the nation as a whole". In fact, large areas of the Adelaide Park Lands along the north side of the complete length of North Tce, and along the north side of Port Road from West Tce to the Thebarton Police Barracks, (in Parks 11, 12, 26 and 27), and also the rail reserves, (in Parks 25, 26 and 27), were excluded from the "Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place" listing.The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout National Heritage Place
, www.environment.gov.au. Map of City of Adelaide showing the Park Lands and the areas excluded (white) from the listing.


History

Adelaide is a
planned city A planned community, planned city, planned town, or planned settlement is any community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed on previously undeveloped land. This contrasts with settlements that evolve ...
, and the Adelaide Park Lands are an integral part of Colonel William Light's 1837 plan.William Light, sketch map of the site of Adelaide c.Feb 1837 Light chose a site spanning the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
(known as Yatala by the local people), and planned the city to fit the topography of the landscape, "on rising ground". The Emigration Regulations appearing in the ''South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register'' published in London on 18 June 1836 instructed that the site of the first town be divided into 1,000 sections of an acre each.Regulation No.7 within: In early 1837, William Light proposed to the Resident Commissioner James Hurtle Fisher that the figure-eight of open space, which Light later referred to as "Adelaide Park", be reserved as "Park grounds". Light drew up a plan that included south of the River Torrens and north of the river. In addition, he included of city squares:
Hindmarsh Hindmarsh is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alfred Hindmarsh, MP for Wellington South (New Zealand electorate) and first leader of the New Zealand Labour Party *Ian Hindmarsh, Australian rugby league player * Jean Hindm ...
, Hurtle,
Light Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. Visible light is usually defined as having wavelengths in the range of 400–700 nanometres (nm), corresponding to frequencies of 750–420 te ...
, Whitmore and
Wellington Wellington ( mi, Te Whanganui-a-Tara or ) is the capital city of New Zealand. It is located at the south-western tip of the North Island, between Cook Strait and the Remutaka Range. Wellington is the second-largest city in New Zealand by m ...
Squares (each comprising six acres), Victoria Square (eight acres), four one-acre Public Reserves (with frontages to Victoria Square), and for the Park Lands. Adelaide's characteristic geometrical
grid pattern In urban planning, the grid plan, grid street plan, or gridiron plan is a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. Two inherent characteristics of the grid plan, frequent intersections and orthogona ...
is not unique: apart from earlier precedents going back to ancient Greece, it follows part of a series of rules created by Spanish planners for their colonial cities, known as the "Law of the Indies". They included the grid pattern with a main thoroughfare, centred around a main square. There are many historical precedents for five squares, including
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
in
America The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territor ...
, designed in 1682 by surveyor Thomas Holme. There are however no records showing that Light deliberately copied any cities or rules for planning. In 1838 the Colonization Commissioners for South Australia authorised South Australia's Resident Commissioner to purchase the Adelaide Park Lands, and these instructions were carried out in South Australia in 1839. By 1839 the Park Lands were threatened by extensive timber cutting, rubbish dumping, brick-making, quarrying, squatting, and grazing. To check this, a body of special constables was instituted on 9 October 1839 by George Gawler and Superintendent Henry Inman. Inman appointed Nick Boys Bull (-1846), formerly a police sub-inspector, as Keeper of the Park Lands. Bull led an initial team of six park rangers, most being convalescent migrants thrown on government support. This dropped to two by 1840, then back to four by June 1841. Pay and rations were provided by the police department. Since 1852, the areas of the Park Lands placed in the custodianship of the municipal corporation have been managed and maintained by the Adelaide City Council. Public use of the Park Lands was controlled by a ranger who patrolled the parks, regulating sporting and recreational activities in the parks and supervising the depasturing of stock grazing there. A variety of now absent wildlife was still present in the Park Lands in the late 1800s, with the Greater Bilby reported as still being numerous in 1890. The former prevalence of the species - which went by the local name of pinky or pingku - is recognised as the likely origin of the place name Pinky Flat. The once abundant species was presumed completely extinct in the wild in South Australia by 1930. The Park Lands saw development during the 19th Century, for example the Adelaide Botanic Garden, hospital, South Australian Institute, Adelaide Oval, Victoria Park Racecourse. Extensive felling of trees, quarrying and dumping of rubbish continued, which combined to give the Park Lands an unsightly appearance. In the late 19th century John Ednie Brown, the government's Conservator of Forests, was commissioned by the City Council to prepare a blueprint for the beautification of the Park Lands. Brown presented his Report in 1880, but it was not acted upon until the turn of the 20th century when A.W. Pelzer became the City Gardener. Major progress was made in planting and landscaping the Park Lands during his tenure (1899–1932) and further improvements such as creation of new gardens and boating lakes were carried under the authority of W.C.D. Veale, the Town Clerk (1947–1965). In July 2007 part of the Adelaide Park Lands and City of Adelaide layout (North and South Adelaide) were granted National Heritage Listing status. The first remarks on the assessor's report were: "The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout is a significant example of early colonial planning which has retained key elements of its historical layout for over one hundred and seventy years. The 1837 Adelaide Plan attributed to Colonel William Light and the establishment of Adelaide marks a significant turning point in the settlement of Australia."


Park Lands today

In the 2010s, about 25% of the Park Lands are the location of government, public and cultural buildings. Of the remaining approximately , many parts have been sculpted into planned gardens and playing fields. Some of the remainder is remnant or regenerated
Adelaide Plains The Adelaide Plains (Kaurna name Tarndanya) is a plain in South Australia lying between the coast (Gulf St Vincent) on the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges on the east. The southernmost tip of the plain is in the southern seaside suburbs of Ad ...
grasslands or grassy woodlands, of which have been designated and developed by the city council as areas for native fauna and flora. Developments in the early 2000s focused on maintenance and upgrading of recreational facilities, and removal of remnant grasslands and open grassy woodlands, particularly through urbanisation and the Greening of Adelaide tree planting and replacement programs. In the early 2000s there were proposals to redevelop Park16 (Victoria Park), with the construction of a grandstand to cater for the Clipsal 500 and horse racing events. Due to lobbying by local resident groups, the Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association, the media and many residents of greater Adelaide, this plan was eventually rejected by the Adelaide City Council and subsequently no longer pursued by the
South Australian Government The Government of South Australia, also referred to as the South Australian Government, SA Government or more formally, His Majesty’s Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of South Australia. It is modelled o ...
. In December 2006 the state government passed the ''Adelaide Park Lands Act 2005'', which established the Adelaide Park Lands Authority and a series of statutory protections for the Park Lands. At the time the Act was proclaimed, Premier Mike Rann announced that a major return of alienated Park Lands would be made at the western edge of the city. The area to be returned lies between Railway Terrace, Port Road and the railway lines. In 2011 Rann unveiled the plans for the return to Park Lands of 5.5 hectares of land at the west end of Park 25, occupied since 1879 by the Thebarton Water Depot. The land, which was treeless grasslands prior to European settlement, was developed and landscaped with more than 23,000 trees and shrubs as an
urban forest An urban forest is a forest, or a collection of trees, that grow within a city, town or a suburb. In a wider sense, it may include any kind of woody plant vegetation growing in and around human settlements. As opposed to a forest park, whose ec ...
. It features indigenous species, including native pine. In 2017–2018, land at the east end of Park 25 has been used by the South Australian Cricket Association for the development of the Karen Rolton Oval and associated facilities including car parking.


Parks

Although it is a single park, for management purposes the Adelaide City Council has used the last two digits of survey sections as labels to identify smaller areas within the Adelaide Park Lands. In some, but not all, cases, roadways crossing over the Park Lands coincide with the survey section boundaries that gave rise to council's numbering (from "Park 1" to "Park 29"). The numbering, which starts in the North Park Lands (at the
Adelaide Golf Links North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 Sou ...
), and increases clockwise around the perimeter, was applied in September 1882. Some of the parks are more commonly known by a commemorative name (e.g. Rymill Park), but others, such as Park 10, are still known mostly by their number.


Dual naming

Since the Adelaide City Council drew up a Reconciliation Vision Statement in 1997, they committed to a dual naming project, working with Kaurna Warra Pintyanthi, a
Kaurna language Kaurna ( or ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own ''parnkarra'' district of land and ...
project run by the
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on ...
in collaboration with Kaurna advisors. The dual naming covers the city centre and North Adelaide, including the six public squares and Adelaide park lands. Erection of signs in each of the parks was completed on 30 June 2004, with some of the spellings being revised in the 2010s. Also at that time, the numbered parks that still had no English name were assigned one. Victoria Square, in the centre of Adelaide city, is now also known as ''Tarntanyangga''. All 29 Parks around the city have been assigned a Kaurna name, and the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
is now also named ''Karrawirra Parri''. The renaming of 39 sites was finalised and endorsed by the council in 2012. The full list of square and park names, along with meanings and pronunciations, is available on the Council website.


Park 1: Possum Park / Pirltawardli

Kaurna park name and translation: PirltawardliPossum Park / Pirltawardli (Park 1)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"possum home" (Pirltawardli/Piltawodli - ''pilta'' = possum, and ''wodli'' = house or home). 76 hectares."CLMP (Community Land Management Plan) for Piltawodli (Park 1)", formally adopted 26 June 2006. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (3Mb, 75 pages.) The name of the site has in the past been spelt Pilta-wodli or Piltawodlingga (in KWP's New Spelling 2010, Pirltawardli and Pirltawardlingga). Of an irregular shape, Possum Park / Pirltawardli wraps around the western end of North Adelaide in a vaguely crescent or banana shape. The southern and western boundaries are provided by War Memorial Drive, with Park 27 (which includes Bonython Park on the other side. The eastern boundary, from south to north, is formed by Montefiore Rd, the western end of North Adelaide (i.e. Strangways Terrace, Mills Tce and Barton Tce West) and Jeffcott Rd. The northern boundary is formed by Park Tce. It Contains the
Adelaide Golf Links North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 Sou ...
.


Kaurna and missionary history

The history of Park 1 is bound up with that of Park 27 and Bonython Park, after a succession of Protectors of Aborigines first set up a "Native Location", of which elements moved between the north and south sides of the River Torrens. Bromley's Camp, the first of these, was established in April 1837 on the south side of the river by Captain Walter Bromley, the second interim Protector. He initially pitched his tent in the vicinity of the old
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bu ...
, on land on or near the present Bonython Park (also known as the "Aborigines Location" and later as the "Old Location"). After a few weeks, Bromley moved camp to the north side of the river at the request of the Kaurna people, to the site known as Piltawodli (later revised to Pirltawardli), meaning "possum place" and also known as the "Aboriginal Location". It was probably a campsite used by the Kaurna, and may have had some importance for ceremonies. This site is now within the area of the Par 3 golf course adjoining the North Adelaide Golf Links, and is marked by a memorial plaque at the carpark by the weir, erected on 26 May 2000. Pirltawodli was designed by the colonial government to keep Aboriginal people confined and settled in a type of reserve, so that the rest of the land could be systematically colonised. However, it became very important for the history and later study of the Kaurna language. In October 1838 two German
missionaries A missionary is a member of a religious group which is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.Thomas Hale 'On Being a Mi ...
, Christian Teichelmann and Clamor Schürmann (and later Samuel Klose) arrived, setting themselves first up at the "Old Location" on the southern side, studying the
Kaurna language Kaurna ( or ) is a Pama-Nyungan language historically spoken by the Kaurna peoples of the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. The Kaurna peoples are made up of various tribal clan groups, each with their own ''parnkarra'' district of land and ...
and teaching in that language. This was the first mission in South Australia. In December 1839 Schürmann opened a school, supported by Governor George Gawler, which taught only in the Kaurna language, teaching the children to read and write in their language. In 1839 the school was moved across to the north side of the river to Pirltawardli. In August 1840, Klose took over the running of the school. The second interim Protector (1837–1839), William Wyatt was also involved in the running of the school and was a frequent visitor to Pirltawardli. In the 1840s, Pirltawardli comprised a fenced area of . However the whole site, including the school, was dismantled in July 1845, on the orders of Governor
George Grey Sir George Grey, KCB (14 April 1812 – 19 September 1898) was a British soldier, explorer, colonial administrator and writer. He served in a succession of governing positions: Governor of South Australia, twice Governor of New Zealand, G ...
, who thought it best to take the children away from their parents, and a new "Native School" run by the government, which taught only in English, was established near what is now Kintore Avenue. The people's houses were destroyed by soldiers. (The Native School closed in 1851, with the remaining children taken to
Poonindie Mission __NOTOC__ Poonindie is a small township near Port Lincoln on the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. The land upon which it sits was originally the land of the Barngarla people. Poonindie Mission was established as a mission for Aboriginal peop ...
at
Port Lincoln Port Lincoln is a town on the Lower Eyre Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia. It is situated on the shore of Boston Bay, which opens eastward into Spencer Gulf. It is the largest city in the West Coast region, and is located ...
on the Eyre Peninsula). A few people continued to camp near the house of Klose, the only remaining missionary, at Pirltawardli. In 1846 the government build some brick sheds in part of this area, and also across the river behind the new
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bu ...
. One was for the "Murray tribe", who had moved to the area, and a smaller number of sheds for what was left of the "
Adelaide tribe The Kaurna people (, ; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaurna ...
".


Significance of Pirltawardli

Pirltawardli is still of great significance to Kaurna people, as well as non-Indigenous South Australians. Nearly all of the recorded language and early written records of Kaurna culture stem from this place, documented by the missionaries, who also shared their views on
race relations Race relations is a sociological concept that emerged in Chicago in connection with the work of sociologist Robert E. Park and the Chicago race riot of 1919. Race relations designates a paradigm or field in sociology and a legal concept in t ...
in the new colony. The linguistic work of Teichelmann and Schürmann there had far-reaching effects, influencing later missionaries to teach in local languages, aiding the work of linguists, and laying the foundations for the 21st-century
language revival Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one. Those involved can include linguists, cultural or community groups, o ...
of the Kaurna and also indirectly helping in the revival of other languages, after other missionaries and linguists had followed their example with other local languages.


Records

Apart from the missionaries, other Europeans such as William Wyatt, William Williams, William Cawthorne and Matthew Moorhouse wrote about the "Adelaide Tribe" in their memoirs. William Williams was keeper of the Colonial Store at nearby Tininyawardli (or Tinninyawodli), which was just south of where Strangways Terrace was built. He published a list of 377 Kaurna words, published in the '' Southern Australian'' on 15 May 1839 and republished in the ''
South Australian Colonist ''The South Australian Colonist'', full name ''The South Australian Colonist and Settlers' Weekly Record of British, Foreign and Colonial Intelligence'', was a weekly newspaper published in London between March and September 1840. The journal wa ...
'' in the following year. William Cawthorne, a frequent visitor and close friend of Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"), loved the Kaurna Palti "
corroboree A corroboree is a generic word for a meeting of Australian Aboriginal peoples. It may be a sacred ceremony, a festive celebration, or of a warlike character. A word coined by the first British settlers in the Sydney area from a word in the ...
" and their material culture, and was responsible for recording many names of artefacts. His ''Rough Notes on the Manners and Customs of the Natives'', written in 1844, was published in the 1925-26 ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (SA Branch)''. Moorhouse, Protector from 1839 until 1857, lived at Pirltawardli and worked closely with the missionaries. There is only one remaining page of his diary, containing several Kaurna songlines not recorded elsewhere, but much information has been gleaned from his reports and official correspondence.


Park 2: Denise Norton Park / Pardipardinyilla

Pardipardinyilla 'swimming place' 17 hectaresCLMP for Padipadinyilla (Park 2), formally adopted 22 August 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (1Mb, 42 pages.)
Denise Norton Denise Norton was the first South Australian to represent Australia at an Olympic or Commonwealth Games. Norton won Gold as part of the 4 x 110 yard Freestyle relay and Bronze in the 440 yard Freestyle for the 1950 British Empire Games and was ...
was the first South Australian to represent Australia at the Olympic or Commonwealth Games – in the sport of swimming.Denise Norton Park / Pardipardinyilla (Park 2)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
Approximately square, the park is bounded by Fitzroy Tce (to the north), Prospect Rd (to the east), Barton Tce West (to the south) and Jeffcott Rd (to the west). The Park provides a range of formal and informal facilities for cricket, swimming, tennis and family picnics. The north-west corner of the Park contains the Adelaide Aquatic Centre, picnic facilities and the Bush Magic playground. The remainder of the Park includes sporting facilities, open space and vegetation (designed and semi-natural landscapes). *The Adelaide Swimming Centre was relocated to this Park in 1968/9 to replace the old City Baths on the current site of the Festival Centre. It was renovated, enclosed and renamed Adelaide Aquatic Centre in 1985. It was renovated again in 1998. *The Bush Magic Play Park was designed in 1988, and is important as a precedent for the contemporary generation of play spaces around the Park Lands and metropolitan Adelaide. It was the first play park in SA to incorporate wheelchair access. *Sporting facilities, which are currently held under an annual licence to Blackfriars Priory School, include change rooms, five playing fields and four tennis courts. The licence covers an area of approximately 35% of the Park. The school has first right of use of these areas on weekday afternoons after school, and on Saturday mornings.


Park 3: Yam Daisy Park / Kantarilla

KantarillaYam Daisy Park / Kantarilla (Park 3)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'kandara root place' 3.3 hectaresCLMP for Kandarilla (Park 3), Kangattilla (Park 4) and Ngampa Yerta (Park 5), formally adopted 14 November 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 46 pages.) A small triangle bounded by Prospect Rd (west), Fitzroy Tce (north) and Main North Rd (east). Contains open park.


Park 4: Reservoir Park / Kangatilla

KangatillaReservoir Park / Kangatilla (Park 4)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'kangatta berry place' 9.4 hectares Approximately pentagonal, bounded by O'Connell St (west), Main North Rd (north-west), Lefevre Rd (north-east and east) and Barton Tce East (south). Contains open and wooded park, with SA Water facilities at the western end. The former Fitzroy Croquet Club was located in the northern corner of the Park, and there were two ovals in the middle of the Park. The main structure of the SA Water facilities is a State Heritage-listed earth-covered reservoir, dating from the 1870s, that stores and supplies water to Adelaide. Associated with this are a two-storey red brick pumping station, a small brick pumping station "heavily painted in Brunswick green", and an electricity sub-station.


Park 5: Bragg Park / Ngampa Yarta

Ngampa YartaBragg Park / Ngampa Yarta (Park 5)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'ngampa root ground' In the late 1800s, Nobel Prize winners and University of Adelaide academics Sir
William Henry Bragg Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel ...
and his son, Sir William Lawrence Bragg, lived nearby. Of irregular shape, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NE), Medindie Road (SE), Lefevre Road (W) and Main North Road (NW). Contains two small ovals, surrounded by wooded park. There is also a Tree Planting Memorial, erected in 1982 by the North Adelaide Society, to recognise the community tree planting efforts in the locality.


Park 6: Lefevre Park / Nantu Wama

Nantu WamaLefevre Park / Nantu Wama (Park 6)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'horse plain' or 'male grey kangaroo plain'CLMP for Nanto Womma (Park 6), formally adopted 28 November 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 52 pages.) One of Lefevre Park's borders is Lefevre Terrace; Sir J G Shaw-Lefevre (1797–1879), a British barrister, Whig politician and civil servant, was one of South Australia's colonisation commissioners. Roughly trapezoidal, the park is bounded by Robe Terrace (NNE), Kingston Terrace (SE), Lefevre Terrace (WSW) and Medindie Road (NW). Contains open park, mainly used for horse agistment. There are three main paddocks, four feeding yards, five horse troughs, and a number of sandpits for the horses to roll in. There is a limit of 20 horses, and those licensed pay a weekly fee. (In 2005, the fee was $19.50 per week.) According to the adelaideparklands.com.au website, "100,000 kg of horse manure is deposited by the resident horses on this park each year". The open areas are surrounded by woodland. There is a playground on the western boundary (Lefevre Tce), one of the three Glover Playgrounds originally built in 1920, which also contains BBQ facilities and wide lawn spaces. The eastern third contains assorted playing fields, changing rooms, tennis courts and netball courts. Wilderness School holds a licence for eight tennis courts (also marked for netball), one cricket oval, two cricket practice nets, and three hockey/softball ovals. In 2005, there was also a green-painted brick structure with a flat roof, erected in the late 1960s, which "appears to have an undefined purpose and use".


Park 7: The Olive Groves / Kuntingga

KuntinggaThe Olive Groves / Kuntingga (Park 7)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'kunti root place' (Park 7)CLMP for Kuntingga (Park 7) and Barnguttilla (Park 8), formally adopted 14 November 2005. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 42 pages.)


Park 8: The Olive Groves / Parngutilla

ParngutillaThe Olive Groves / Parngutilla (Park 8)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'barngutta root place' (Park 8) Parks 7 and 8 are small and elongated parks, with a combined area of 4.7 hectares, separating the east end of lower North Adelaide from Gilberton, and contain heritage listed
olive The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea'' ...
groves. They act effectively as an enlarged median strip, with the major ring route of Park Terrace (southbound) and Mann Road (northbound) traversing the perimeter of both parks. These parks were one of the first sites for the (European settlers) plantings of olives, and are the only section of the Park Lands that have kept the same use since the Council took over formal care of the Park Lands in the 1860s. The olive plantation is listed as a State Heritage Place.


Park 9: Bundey's Paddock / Tidlangga

TidlanggaBundey's Paddock / Tidlangga (Park 9)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'tidla root place'CLMP for Tidlangga (Park 9), formally adopted 27 November 2006. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (2Mb, 38 pages.) William Bundey (1826–1889) was the Mayor of Adelaide 1883-1886. A triangular shape, bounded by Mackinnon Parade (NE), Bundeys Road (S) and Hackney Road (W). Contains assorted playing fields and changing rooms. An oval is licensed to Prince Alfred College on Saturday afternoons and Thursday evenings. In the past, contained a number of grass and bitumen tennis courts which have fallen into dis-repair and been removed.


Park 10: Bulrush Park / Warnpangga

WarnpanggaBullrush Park / Warnpangga (Park 10)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'bullrush root place' 19 hectaresCLMP for Warnpangga (Park 10) & Tainmundilla (Park 11), formally adopted 27 November 2006. Community Land Management Plans, Park Lands and Sustainability Business Unit, Adelaide City Council. (5Mb, 56 pages.) Bounded by War Memorial Drive, Bundey's Road, MacKinnon Road, MacKinnon Parade, Finnis and Frome Road. The Park is dominated by a number of sporting ovals and associated facilities licensed to the University of Adelaide, including a tennis pavilion, a grandstand, and changing rooms. The Park also contains: *The Adelaide Archery Club rooms, in the north eastern corner of the Park. *The University Loop, a well used gravel running track, which encircles part of the Park. *The Adelaide City Council Organic Recycling Depot/Nursery, (approx 1.6 hectares), comprising: an Office Building, 3 sheds, 6 glass houses, a shade house, and 6 propagating plant frames. *The Lower North Adelaide Soldiers' Memorial Garden, located in the north of the Park. *A number of sculptures, located in 1994 on the edge of the River Torrens. *A small playground


Park 11: Mistletoe Park / Tainmuntilla

TainmuntillaMistletoe Park / Tainmuntilla (Park 11)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'mistletoe place' A quite large piece of land bounded by the
River Torrens The River Torrens , (Karrawirra Parri / Karrawirraparri) is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains. It was one of the main reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Australia. It flows from its source in the ...
(north), Hackney Rd (east), North Terrace (south), and Frome Rd (west). It contains the
Zoological Gardens A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes. The term ''zoological garden'' refers to zool ...
, the Botanic Gardens, the Botanic Park, the Wine Centre, Frome Park / Nellie Raminyermmerin Park, the old
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary h ...
(RAH) site, the Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (IMVS), the old Medical School of the
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on ...
site, and several
University of South Australia The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a founding member of the Australian Technology Network of universities, and is the largest university in South Austral ...
buildings.


Park 12: Red Gum Park / Karrawirra

KarrawirraRed Gum Park / Karrawirra (Park 12)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'river red gum forest' ('karra' = red gum tree, 'wirra' = forest)CLMP for Karrawirra (Park 12)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (7Mb, 131 pages)
Contains many buildings, parks, memorials and statues – see Park 12 for a more complete list. Park 12 is bisected by the river. The northern part contains the Peace Park, the Cross of Sacrifice, Pennington Gardens East, Angas Gardens, several boat-houses and several University playing fields. The southern part contains Grundy Gardens, the
University of South Australia The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a founding member of the Australian Technology Network of universities, and is the largest university in South Austral ...
(City East campus), the
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on ...
(main campus), Prince Henry Gardens, the Art Gallery, the
Museum A museum ( ; plural museums or, rarely, musea) is a building or institution that cares for and displays a collection of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical History (derived ) is the systematic study and th ...
, the State Library, the
War Memorial A war memorial is a building, monument, statue, or other edifice to celebrate a war or victory, or (predominating in modern times) to commemorate those who died or were injured in a war. Symbolism Historical usage It has ...
, Government House, the Torrens Parade Ground, Pioneer Women's Memorial Gardens, Esther Lipman Gardens, Jolly's Boat House, the Boer War Memorial, the
Jubilee 150 Walkway The Jubilee 150 Walkway, also variously known as the Jubilee 150 Commemorative Walk, the Jubilee 150 Walk, Jubilee 150 Plaques, the Jubilee Walk, or simply J150, is a series of (initially) 150 bronze plaques set into the pavement of North ...
, numerous statues, and quite a lot of other odds and ends.


Park 13: Rundle Park / Kadlitpina

Kadlitpina (formerly spelt Kadlitpinna)Rundle Park / Kadlitpina (Park 13)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"Captain Jack" - named after the Kaurna
elder An elder is someone with a degree of seniority or authority. Elder or elders may refer to: Positions Administrative * Elder (administrative title), a position of authority Cultural * North American Indigenous elder, a person who has and tr ...
painted by
George French Angas George French Angas (25 April 1822 – 4 October 1886), also known as G.F.A., was an English explorer, naturalist, painter and poet who emigrated to Australia. His paintings are held in a number of important Australian public art collections. ...
.CLMP for Rundle Park / Kadlitpinna (Park 13)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 47 pages)
Kadlitpina was one of three ''burka'', or elders, well-known to the colonists, the other two being Murlawirrapurka("King John") and Ityamai-itpina ("King Rodney") – see also Parks 14 and 15 below. His name was derived from ''kadli'' ("dingo"/"dog") + -''itpinna'' (''itpina'') ("father of"). John Rundle (1791–1864) was a British Whig politician and businessman who was one of the original directors and financiers of the South Australia Company. Since 2000, in February/March of most years, the park has been the site of the Garden of Unearthly Delights during the
Adelaide Fringe The Adelaide Fringe, formerly Adelaide Fringe Festival, is the world's second-largest annual arts festival (after the Edinburgh Festival Fringe), held in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. Between mid-February and mid-March each year, ...
.


Park 14: Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka

Murlawirrapurka (Mullawirrapurka/Mullawirraburka) also known as "King John" (Also on Google Books.) "King Jack" or "Onkaparinga Jack", was the Kaurna leader (or ''burka'', elder) of the Aldinga-Willunga area,CLMP for Rymill Park / Mullawirraburka (Park 14)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (7Mb, 57 pages)
and employed as a native constable. His name was derived from ''mulla'' ("dry") + ''wirra'' ("forest") + ''burka'' ("elder"). He was one of three elders well-known to the colonists (along with Kadlitpina, see above, and Ityamai-itpina, below), and more is known about him than any other Kaurna person of that time. Sir Arthur Rymill (1907–1989) was Lord Mayor of Adelaide 1950-1953.Rymill Park / Murlawirrapurka (Park 14)
, adelaideparklands.com.au


Park 15: King Rodney Park / Ityamai-itpina

Ityamai-itpina (formerly spelt Ityamai-itpinna), known to colonists as "King Rodney", was one of the three main Kaurna elders with whom the colonists negotiated,CLMP for Ityamaiitpinna (Park 15)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 45 pages)
along with Mullawirraburka ("King John") and Kadlitpina ("Captain Jack"). He was one of the first Kaurna people met by the colonists, and was the father of Iparrityi and husband to Tangkaira. His name was derived from the name of a person student at Pirltawardli (see above) and ''-itpinna'' ("father of"). He was respected as an elder and negotiator, and his focus was on reconciliation between the settlers and the Kaurna people. There are no known photographs or drawings of Ityamai-itpina. Ityamai-itpina contains one of the three Glover Playgrounds, the "Glover East Playspace". It has an
olive grove The olive, botanical name ''Olea europaea'', meaning 'European olive' in Latin, is a species of small tree or shrub in the family Oleaceae, found traditionally in the Mediterranean Basin. When in shrub form, it is known as ''Olea europaea' ...
planted in 1872,
blue gum Blue gum is a common name for subspecies or the species in ''Eucalyptus globulus'' complex, and also a number of other species of ''Eucalyptus'' in Australia. In Queensland it usually refers to '' Eucalyptus tereticornis'', which is known elsewh ...
s trees along Wakefield Road and an avenue of
pepper tree Pepper tree is a common name for several plants and may refer to: * Trees in the genus ''Schinus'' * ''Macropiper excelsum ''Piper excelsum'' (formerly known as ''Macropiper excelsum''), of the Pepper Family (Piperaceae) commonly known as ka ...
s dating from the early 20th century, and Botanic Creek runs through it. There are sports fields used by Christian Brothers College and others, including a basketball court and a
skate park A skatepark, or skate park, is a purpose-built recreational environment made for skateboarding, BMX, scootering, wheelchairs, and aggressive inline skating. A skatepark may contain half-pipes, handrails, funboxes, vert ramps, stairset ...
. From 1999 to 2020 it was in the middle of the street circuit for the Adelaide 500 motor race in March, it borders the
Tour Down Under The Tour Down Under (branded as the Santos Tour Down Under under a partnership arrangement) is a cycling race in and around Adelaide, South Australia, and is traditionally the opening event of the UCI World Tour and features all 19 UCI World ...
cycling event each January, and the international equestrian three-day event uses the park each November. There is a walking trail around the park. In 2021, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic in Australia The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (). The first confirmed case in Australia was identified on 25 January ...
, the WOMADelaide music festival was held in King Rodney Park / Ityamai-itpina instead of its usual location at Botanic Park, so that the venue could comply with the restrictions necessary to prevent any possible spread of
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease quickl ...
(although there was no community transmission at the time in Adelaide).


Park 16: Victoria Park / Pakapakanthi

Pakapakanthi/BakkabakkandiVictoria Park / Pakapakanthi (Park 16)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
derived from the Kaurna word meaning "to trot" (a term applied to horses), is a large park, comprising CLMP for Victoria Park / Bakkabakkandi (Park 16)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb 26 pages).
The report has 2 large and 1 very large appendices as separate downloads - refer t

for copies.
This park used to contain the Victoria Park Racecourse, and the historic buildings are retained. There are sports fields in the centre, and the South Park Lands creek runs through the southern part, which has been revegetated with open
woodland A woodland () is, in the broad sense, land covered with trees, or in a narrow sense, synonymous with wood (or in the U.S., the '' plurale tantum'' woods), a low-density forest forming open habitats with plenty of sunlight and limited shade (see ...
. In the late eighties and early nineties, part of the park was used for the Adelaide F1. Between 1999 and 2020 it formed part of the street circuit for the Clipsal 500 motor race, and it is used for the international equestrian three-day event in November.


Park 17: Carriageway Park / Tuthangga

Tuttangga,Carriageway Park / Tuthangga (Park 17)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
meaning "grass place",CLMP for Tuttangga (Park 17)
adopted 14 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 52 pages)
has an avenue of elm trees, planted in the 1860s to line a former carriageway. The Park Lands Creek runs through the park. Historically (from 1837) the park was the site of Elm Avenue, Desert Ash Avenue and an Engineering and Water Supply (E&WS) reservoir. There are numerous licensees of sporting facilities and clubrooms, including the SA Dog Obedience Club and the SA Croquet Club. On 14 May 2021, a scheduled
cultural burn Fire-stick farming, also known as cultural burning and cool burning, is the practice of Aboriginal Australians regularly using fire to burn vegetation, which has been practised for thousands of years. There are a number of purposes for doing this ...
took place Tuthangga by representatives of the
Kaurna people The Kaurna people (, ; also Coorna, Kaura, Gaurna and other variations) are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands include the Adelaide Plains of South Australia. They were known as the Adelaide tribe by the early settlers. Kaur ...
, in a highly symbolic moment after years of preparation to restore the ancient practice. The project, called Kaurna Kardla Parranthi, was undertaken with the support of the
City of Adelaide The City of Adelaide, also known as the Corporation of the City of Adelaide and Adelaide City Council is a local government area in the metropolitan area of greater Adelaide, South Australia and is legally defined as the capital city of Sout ...
, and was part of the ecological management plan for a key area of
biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic ('' genetic variability''), species ('' species diversity''), and ecosystem ('' ecosystem diversity' ...
in the park. Six months later, an informal inspection revealed about 12 species of native grass, and very few weeds in the area burnt.
Bush for Life Bush commonly refers to: * Shrub, a small or medium woody plant Bush, Bushes, or the bush may also refer to: People * Bush (surname), including any of several people with that name **Bush family, a prominent American family that includes: ***Ge ...
and various experts are continuing to monitor outcomes.


Park 18: Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra

Wita Wirra,Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra (Park 18)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
meaning "peppermint grove/place" (''wita'', peppermint tree, + ''wirra'', forest or bush).CLMP for Wita Wirra (Park 18)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 49 pages)
This park, south of South Terrace, contains
Adelaide Himeji Garden Adelaide Himeji Gardens is a traditionally-styled Japanese garden, a gift from Adelaide's sister city, Himeji in 1982. It is located in Park 18 (Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra), one of the southern parts of the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, S ...
and Osmond Gardens.


Park 19: Pelzer Park / Pityarilla

Pityarilla/PityarillaPelzer Park / Pityarilla (Park 19)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'marshmallow root place' 23haCLMP for Pityarrilla (Park 19)
formally adopted 14 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (1Mb, 50 pages)
August Pelzer was Adelaide's city gardener from 1899 to 1932. A large triangular park bounded by Glen Osmond Road. The Park Lands Creek runs across the middle of the Park. Open park and playing fields. Also contains The Marshmallow Park recreation hub. In 2005 there were leases and licences to: Adelaide City Junior Soccer Club for five soccer pitches and club rooms; St Aloysius College for four tennis courts and change rooms; Adelaide Comets Soccer Club for a single soccer pitch and "building".


Park 20: Blue Gum Park / Kurangga

KurranggaBlue Gum Park / Kurangga (Park 20)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'blue gum place' 30.1haCLMP for Kurrangga (Park 20)
formally adopted 14 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 57 pages)
Contains a boule/petanque area, assorted playing fields, a mountain-bike / BMX-bike track, one of the three Glover Playgrounds, ''et al.'' Licences and leases include Pulteney Grammar School (6 ovals, cricket nets, 3 lawn tennis courts, 2 grass volley ball courts, and facilities), Adelaide Harriers Athletics Club (athletics oval / running track), Club d'Petanque d'Adelaide, TreeClimb (High Ropes Adventure Course) and others.


Park 21: Veale Park / Walyu Yarta

Veale Park contains Veale Gardens. Walyu Yarta 'walyu root ground' 31haCLMP for Walyo Yerta (Park 21)
formally adopted 31 July 2006, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 49 pages)
Contains Veale Gardens, assorted playing fields, ''et al.''


Park 21W: Golden Wattle Park / Mirnu Wirra

Mirnu Wirra 'golden wattle grove' 31haCLMP for Minno Wirra (Park 21 West)
formally adopted 23 July 2007, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 47 pages)
Contains Princess Elizabeth Playground, Lundie Gardens, assorted playing fields, ''et al.''


Park 22: Josie Agius Park / Wikaparntu Wirra

Wikaparntu Wirra / Wikaparndo WirraJosie Agius Park / Wikaparntu Wirra (Park 22)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'netball park' (wika 'net' + parndo 'ball' + wirra 'forest; bush') 15.1haCLMP for Wikaparndo Wirra (Park 22)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 41 pages)
Josie Agius was a Kaurna elder who supported girls' sport. Contains about 20 netball courts, a small amount of aged seating for spectators, and a building containing a small kiosk, netball administration rooms and a toilet block.


Park 23: G S Kingston Park / Wirrarninthi

G S Kingston Park contains Kingston Gardens. Wirrarninthi / WarranendiG S Kingston Park / Wirrarninthi (Park 23)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'to become transformed into a green and forested area'. 57.43 haCLMP for Wirranendi (Park 23)
formally adopted 23 July 2007, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (5Mb, 57 pages)
Sir
George Strickland Kingston Sir George Strickland Kingston (23 August 1807 – 26 November 1880) was the Deputy Surveyor to William Light, engaged to survey the new colony of South Australia. He arrived in South Australia on the in 1836. Kingston was also the first Sp ...
was Deputy Surveyor-General under Colonel Light, one of the party that found the River Torrens, and first
Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly The Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly is the presiding officer of the South Australian House of Assembly, the lower house of the Parliament of South Australia. The other presiding officer is the President of the South Australian ...
. Contains Edwards Park, West Terrace Cemetery, Kingston Gardens, West Terrace playground, ''et al.'' The park is divided into northern and southern areas by the cemetery. The cemetery is a State Heritage Place managed by the Adelaide Cemeteries Authority, which reports to the State Government. The southern part of the park, used between 1939 and 2000 by the South Australian Netball Association, is called Edwards Park, named after Councillor A.A. Edwards.


Park 24: Ellis Park / Tampawardli

Ellis Park is one of the parks in Park 24. TampawardliEllis Park / Tampawardli (Park 24)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
Tampawardli/Tambawodli 'plain place' 35.7haCLMP for Tambawodli (Park 24)
formally adopted 28 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 51 pages)
Val Bertram Harold Ellis served as City of Adelaide Director of Parks and Recreation from 1966-83. Contains the State Heritage-listed Adelaide High School buildings and assorted sports grounds. It was the site of the former, now demolished, Emigration Square 1837-1849, the former Observatory, and the Post and Telegraph Store (off West Terrace) depicted in Colonel Light's 1837 Plan for Adelaide.


Park 25: Gladys Elphick Park / Narnungga

NarnunggaGladys Elphick Park / Narnungga (Park 25)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"native pine place" 24haCLMP for Narnungga (Park 25)
formally adopted 28 November 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (2Mb, 48 pages)
Gladys Elphick was a Kaurna elder who, among other things, was founding president of the
Council of Aboriginal Women of South Australia use both this parameter and , birth_date to display the person's date of birth, date of death, and age at death) --> , death_place = Kent Town, Adelaide , resting_place = , resting_place_coordinates = , burial_place = ...
(1964–73). The park is bisected by the Adelaide-
Melbourne Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/ Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a me ...
railway line. The eastern part contains assorted sports grounds, including the Karen Rolton Oval at the east end of the park. Until the buildings were demolished in November 2010, the park also contained SA Water land and buildings on the western side of the railway line; this western section has since been revegetated. In October 2020, in the opening round of the
2020–21 Sheffield Shield season The 2020–21 Sheffield Shield season was the 119th season of the Sheffield Shield, the domestic first-class cricket competition in Australia. On 26 June 2020, Cricket Australia confirmed all the squads for the 2020–21 domestic cricket season. ...
, Park 25 hosted its maiden
first-class cricket First-class cricket, along with List A cricket and Twenty20 cricket, is one of the highest-standard forms of cricket. A first-class match is one of three or more days' scheduled duration between two sides of eleven players each and is officia ...
match.


Park 26: Adelaide Oval / Tarntanya Wama

Although
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
dominates the north part of the park, there are many other parks, gardens and buildings on both sides of the River Torrens in Park 26. Tarntanya Wama / Tarndanya WommaAdelaide Oval / Tarntanya Wama (Park 26)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'Adelaide plain/oval' ('tarnda' = red kangaroo, 'kanya' = rock and 'womma' = plain/oval.) 54.1haCLMP for Tarndanya Womma (Park 26)
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (1Mb, 63 pages)
Like Park 12, it is bisected by the River Torrens. The northern part contains the
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
,
Creswell Gardens The Creswell Gardens are located in the Adelaide Park Lands between the Adelaide Oval, War Memorial Drive, King William Road and St Peter's Cathedral. They were established in 1909 and named after South Australian sportsman John Creswell. The g ...
, Memorial Drive Park, Pinky Flat, Oval Number 2,
Stella Bowen Park Esther Gwendolyn "Stella" Bowen (1893–1947) was an Australian artist and writer. Early career Bowen was born in North Adelaide, an inner suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, and educated at Tormore House School. As a young girl, Bowen enjoy ...
, Light's Vision and Pennington Gardens West. The southern part contains
Parliament House Parliament House may refer to: Australia * Parliament House, Canberra, Parliament of Australia * Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia * Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament of Queensland * Parliament House, Darwin, Parliame ...
, Old Parliament House, Adelaide railway station, Adelaide Casino, the Riverbank development, the
Convention Centre A convention center (American English; or conference centre in British English) is a large building that is designed to hold a convention, where individuals and groups gather to promote and share common interests. Convention centers typical ...
, assorted boat houses, the Festival Centre and
Elder Park Elder Park is a public open space in the city of Adelaide, South Australia on the southern bank of the River Torrens and that is bordered by the Adelaide Festival Centre and North Terrace. The park is named after the Elder family who w ...


Park 27: Bonython Park / Tulya Wardli

Park 27 / Tulya Wardli contains a number of parks, only one of which is Bonython Park; Park 27 also contains many other features. Tulya Wardli / Tulya WodliBonython Park / Tulya Wardli (Park 27)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
"Police barracks" 118 haCLMP for Tulya Wodli (Park 27) (including Bonython Park)
formally adopted 12 June 2007, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (7Mb, 134 pages)
The park is made up of a number of separate sections, several of which have "land managers" which are not the City of Adelaide. A strip of land between the river and the railway yards west of the Morphett Street Bridge, given to the council in the 1990s contained contaminated land. Park 27 is a large irregular shaped area bounded by the tram line (West Tce & Port Rd - south, south-west, west), Park Tce (north-west), Memorial Drive (north-east, east, north-east, north) and the Morphett St Bridge (east). It is dissected by railway lines and the River Torrens, and much of the south-eastern part of the park is occupied by the new
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary h ...
and Medical Research and Teaching precincts, and is not accessible to the public. It is planned that should the Women and Children's Hospital be moved from North Adelaide, it will be relocated onto what is currently publicly accessible park land in Park 27. There are also plans for a second SAHMRI (South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute) building and a private hospital. The park contains the Torrens Weir, restaurant and Par 3 putting course, the Dame Roma Mitchell Gardens, the Old
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bu ...
, the Bonython Park, the John E Brown Park, the Mary Lee Park, the Helen Mayo Park, the Kate Cocks Park, the Deceased Workers Memorial Forest the Thebarton Police Barracks, the Road Safety School, the remainder of the Railway Yard (the bulk of which was relocated to Dry Creek), assorted broad gauge and standard gauge railway lines and bridges, the new
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary h ...
, SAHMRI (South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute), assorted hospital and University buildings on the former site of the
City Sk8 Park City Sk8 Park was a skate-boarding facility situated in Park 27 of the Adelaide Park Lands on North Terrace, in Adelaide, South Australia South Australia (commonly abbreviated as SA) is a state in the southern central part of Australia. ...
, six Tennis Courts, some boat houses and Rowing Clubs' clubhouses, etc.Current Land Tenure, 2006
, Adelaide City Council


Park 28: Palmer Gardens / Pangki Pangki

Pangki PangkiPalmer Gardens / Pangki Pangki (Park 28)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
Pangki Pangki was a Kaurna person who was a tracker and guide.CLMP for Palmer Gardens/Pangki Pangki (Park 28)
formally adopted 22 August 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (1Mb, 38 pages)
Colonel George Palmer (1799-1883) was a
South Australian Colonisation Commission British colonisation of South Australia describes the planning and establishment of the colony of South Australia by the British government, covering the period from 1829, when the idea was raised by the then-imprisoned Edward Gibbon Wakefield ...
er.


Park 29: Brougham Gardens / Tantutitingga

Tantutitingga/TandotittinggaBrougham Gardens / Tantutitingga (Park 29)
, adelaideparklands.com.au
'Native lilac place'Brougham Gardens/Tandotittingga (Park 29)
formally adopted 22 August 2005, Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010 (3Mb, 40 pages)
Lord Brougham (1778-1868) was Lord High Chancellor of the United Kingdom and founder of the London University. Brougham Gardens are surrounded by
Brougham Place, North Adelaide Brougham Place is a street lined with large mansions set in landscaped grounds in the Adelaide suburb of North Adelaide, South Australia. It surrounds Brougham Gardens, (Park 29 of the Adelaide Park Lands), that joins the three grids tha ...
.


Planned parks

Other parks are the location for institutions requiring large expanses of turf or other greenery. Planned parks such as these include: * Adelaide Botanic Gardens (Park 11) * Adelaide Botanic Park (Park 11) * Adelaide High School's sports grounds (Park 24) *
Adelaide Himeji Garden Adelaide Himeji Gardens is a traditionally-styled Japanese garden, a gift from Adelaide's sister city, Himeji in 1982. It is located in Park 18 (Peppermint Park / Wita Wirra), one of the southern parts of the Adelaide Park Lands in Adelaide, S ...
(Park 18) *
Adelaide Golf Links North Adelaide Golf Course is a 54 hole golf course in Adelaide, South Australia. The golf course is situated in the park lands which surround the City of Adelaide. The course consists of three courses, the Par 69 North Course, the Par 71 Sou ...
(Park 1) * Victoria Park Racecourse (Park 16) *
Adelaide Street Circuit The Adelaide Street Circuit (also known as the Adelaide Parklands Circuit) is a temporary street circuit in the East Parklands adjacent to the Adelaide central business district in South Australia, Australia. The "Grand Prix" version of the ...
(Surrounding Parks 14 & 15, and inside Park 16) *
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
(Park 26) *
Elder Park Elder Park is a public open space in the city of Adelaide, South Australia on the southern bank of the River Torrens and that is bordered by the Adelaide Festival Centre and North Terrace. The park is named after the Elder family who w ...
(Park 26) * Veale Gardens (Park 21)


Buildings/institutions within the Park Lands

* Adelaide Aquatic Centre (Park 2) * Adelaide Botanic Garden* (Park 11) * Adelaide Botanic High School (Park 11) * Adelaide Convention Centre* (Park 26) * Adelaide Festival Centre (Park 26) *
Adelaide Gaol Adelaide Gaol is a former Australian prison located in the Park Lands of Adelaide, in the state of South Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988. The Gaol is one of the two oldest bu ...
(Park 27) * Adelaide High School (Park 24) *
Adelaide Oval Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia, located in the parklands between the city centre and North Adelaide. The venue is predominantly used for cricket and Australian rules football, but has also played host to rugby ...
(Park 26) * Adelaide Park Lands Terminal (Park 23) * Adelaide railway station* (Park 26) *
Adelaide University Boat Club The Adelaide University Boat Club is a rowing club affiliated with the University of Adelaide. The club was founded in 1881, and in 1896 helped to form the Adelaide University Sports Association. The main clubrooms, donated by Robert Barr Smit ...
(Park 12) * Adelaide Zoo (Park 11) * Art Gallery of South Australia* (Park 12) * Botanic Park (Park 11) * Government House* (Park 12) * Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science (Park 11) * Memorial Drive (Park 26) * Mile End railway station (Park 24) * National War Memorial* (Park 12) * National Wine Centre (Park 11) * North Adelaide railway station (Park 27) *
Parliament House Parliament House may refer to: Australia * Parliament House, Canberra, Parliament of Australia * Parliament House, Adelaide, Parliament of South Australia * Parliament House, Brisbane, Parliament of Queensland * Parliament House, Darwin, Parliame ...
* (Park 26) *
Royal Adelaide Hospital The Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), colloquially known by its initials or pronounced as "the Rah", is South Australia's largest hospital, owned by the state government as part of Australia's public health care system. The RAH provides tertiary h ...
* (Old site:Park 11, New site:Park 27) *
South Australian Museum The South Australian Museum is a natural history museum and research institution in Adelaide, South Australia, founded in 1856 and owned by the Government of South Australia. It occupies a complex of buildings on North Terrace in the cu ...
* (Park 12) * State Library of South Australia* (Park 12) * Thebarton Police Barracks (Park 27) * Torrens Parade Ground (Park 12) *
University of Adelaide The University of Adelaide (informally Adelaide University) is a public research university located in Adelaide, South Australia. Established in 1874, it is the third-oldest university in Australia. The university's main campus is located on ...
City (main) campus* (Park 12) *
University of South Australia The University of South Australia (UniSA) is a public research university in the Australian state of South Australia. It is a founding member of the Australian Technology Network of universities, and is the largest university in South Austral ...
City East campus* (Park 12) * Victoria Park Racecourse buildings (Park 16) * West Terrace Cemetery (Park 23) * North Terrace forms the southern boundary of these establishments. Now-demolished buildings/structures which were built on the Park Lands include: * Jubilee Exhibition Building* 1887–1962 (Park 12) * Jubilee Exhibition Railway 1887–1927 (Park 12)


Park Land preservation movement

Since the Park Lands were set apart by William Light as part of his original 1837 Plan of the City of Adelaide, and intended by the city founders to be reserved as public walks in perpetuity, any development can be seen to go against the founding ambitions for Adelaide and be a source of controversy in the community. In response to incessant pressure and erosion, there have been many defenders of the Adelaide Park Lands. In 1987 a public meeting was held, which resulted in the formation of the Adelaide Parklands Preservation Association Inc, (APPA), which later corrected its name to Adelaide Park Lands Preservation Association Inc. and in 2021 removed "Preservation" from its name, which is now Adelaide Park Lands Association Inc (APA). Examples of such pressure and erosion are listed on APA's "Current Issues" page. An example of one such source of controversy is the Victoria Park racecourse and associated areas south-east of the city centre which have been used for motor racing events for short periods of each year. In 2008 these parts of the Park Lands were targeted for development, incurring opposition from members of the community. The proposed plans included construction of a permanent corporate facility to provide hospitality and spectator facilities to select groups at events such as the Adelaide 500 motor racing event. On 30 August 2007 veteran Adelaide heritage consultant and conservation architect Ron Danvers said it was "a myth" that Adelaide's founding fathers created the parklands exclusively for open space, and that it was "self-evident" that Colonel William Light's 1837 plan of Adelaide envisaged development of facilities beyond the CBD. In a submission to the Adelaide City Council, Mr Danvers said the state Government's $55 million plan for a grandstand at Victoria Park for horse and motor racing was "completely consistent with the founding principles for the city". "Under Light's direction, the intention to locate public facilities outside of the main street grid is beyond question", he said in a report commissioned by developers
KBR KBR can stand for: * KBR (company), formerly Kellogg, Brown & Root, US * KBR (news agency), an Indonesian radio news agency * KBR Park, Hyderabad, India * Kafa language, spoken in Ethiopia * Key-based routing in computer networking * Potassium brom ...
.Article on conservation architect Ron Danvers submission to the Adelaide City Council, appearing in The Advertiser, page 28, 30 August 2007. After counter-arguments were expressed, the proposal was dropped.


See also

* List of Adelaide parks and gardens


References

* * *
(List of) Community Land Management Plans
Adelaide City Council, archived 19 November 2010


Further reading

* *
Pirltawardli
(Adelaidia) {{AdelaideParklands Parks in Adelaide Australian National Heritage List 1837 establishments in Australia North Adelaide