Adamson University ( fil, links=no, Pamantasang Adamson) also referred to by its acronym AdU is a private, Catholic coeducational basic and higher education institution run by the
Congregation of the Mission in
Manila
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...
, Philippines. The university has academic programs in
graduate school
Postgraduate or graduate education refers to academic or professional degrees, certificates, diplomas, or other qualifications pursued by post-secondary students who have earned an undergraduate ( bachelor's) degree.
The organization and stru ...
,
law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior,Robertson, ''Crimes against humanity'', 90. with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate. It has been vario ...
, the
liberal arts
Liberal arts education (from Latin "free" and "art or principled practice") is the traditional academic course in Western higher education. ''Liberal arts'' takes the term '' art'' in the sense of a learned skill rather than specifically th ...
, sciences,
engineering
Engineering is the use of scientific principles to design and build machines, structures, and other items, including bridges, tunnels, roads, vehicles, and buildings. The discipline of engineering encompasses a broad range of more speciali ...
,
nursing
Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health ...
,
pharmacy,
architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and constructing building ...
,
business administration, and
education
Education is a purposeful activity directed at achieving certain aims, such as transmitting knowledge or fostering skills and character traits. These aims may include the development of understanding, rationality, kindness, and honesty ...
, as well as secondary, elementary, and preparatory education. Adamson University has eight courses listed as centers of development and centers of excellence by the
Commission on Higher Education and has been granted Autonomous status.
Adamson University was included in the top 201+ universities in Asia in the
Quacquarelli Symonds
Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) is a British company specialising in the analysis of higher education institutions around the world. The company was founded in 1990 by Nunzio Quacquarelli.
History
On 5 October 2017, QS Quacquarelli Symonds acquired Ho ...
(QS) Asia University 2011 Rankings. This placed Adamson University as top nine in the rankings nationwide and top five in the
Metro Manila
Metropolitan Manila (often shortened as Metro Manila; fil, Kalakhang Maynila), officially the National Capital Region (NCR; fil, link=no, Pambansang Punong Rehiyon), is the seat of government and one of three defined metropolitan areas in ...
area.
[Student Manual 2020.pdf](_blank)
In the 2021 edition of the QS University Rankings: Asia released on November 23, 2020, only 14 Philippine universities, including Adamson University, made it to the top-ranked list. Adamson has held a tight grip on the top rank when the university received a 651+ mark from QS in its 2022 edition.
Adamson University is also a member of the
University Athletic Association of the Philippines
The University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), established in 1938, is an athletic association of eight Metro Manila universities in the Philippines. The eight-member schools are Adamson University (AdU), Ateneo de Manila Univers ...
and was awarded champion of the
UAAP Season 80
UAAP Season 80 is the 2017–18 athletic year of the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP). This season was hosted by the Far Eastern University.
The eight member universities of the UAAP competed in the league's 28 events fr ...
Cheerdance competition.
History
Dr. George Lucas Adamson, an
Athens
Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...
-born
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
chemist, founded the Adamson School of Industrial Chemistry (ASIC) on June 20, 1932, to train young men and women in the practical application of industrial chemistry. On February 19, 1936, a one-classroom school evolved into the Adamson School of Industrial Chemistry and Engineering (ASICE). Upon approval of its application for university status by the Secretary of Public Instruction on February 5, 1941, it became known as Adamson University (AdU).
Soon after, Lucas's cousin Alexander Athos Adamson arrived at ASIC to assist the budding school. Alexander joined the administration on July 15, 1932, serving as vice president, treasurer, and registrar. George Athos Adamson, Alexander's brother, joined the team in 1934 as the School Dean, Dean of the College of Engineering, and professor. In 1939, the wife of George Lucas, Evdoxia Savaides Adamson, began working and teaching at the university. She later served as Dean of the College of Education and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. After arriving in 1939,
Sofia Adamson
Sofia Adamson (August 24, 1916 – May 19, 2007) was an American who founded the Pacific Asia Museum in Los Angeles, co-founded Adamson University in the Philippines, and worked for General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines.
Early life
Adamson ...
, wife of George Athos, taught in the College of Education and briefly served as the Junior Normal College's Director. On February 5, 1941, the school was granted university status by the Department of Education. On December 4, 1964, the university was turned over to the Vincentian Fathers of the
Congregation of the Mission and was incorporated into the Adamson-Ozanam Education Institutions, Inc. Its patron saint is
Saint Vincent de Paul
Vincent de Paul, CM (24 April 1581 – 27 September 1660), commonly known as Saint Vincent de Paul, was a Occitan French Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor.
In 1622 Vincent was appointed a chaplain to the galleys. After ...
. Then, all the Adamsons worked at the university except George Athos and Sofia, who left after the war. George Lucas Adamson was president of Adamson University for 35 years, including a three-year holdover period during the Vincentians' administration. Adamson University became a probationary member of the
University Athletics Association of the Philippines in 1952. It became a regular member in 1971.
Fr. Leandro I. Montañana, C.M., a Spanish Vincentian, was the second President and the first C.M. president. He held this position until 1985 when he was succeeded by Fr. Rolando S. Dela Goza, C.M., the first Filipino university president, who served until 1994. Fr. Jimmy Belita, C.M., who served as president until 2003, was followed by the fifth president, Fr. Gregorio L. Bañaga, Jr., C.M.
Despite being most renowned for its chemical and engineering departments, Adamson progressively added courses in architecture, sciences, pharmacy, business, education, liberal arts, law, graduate school, basic education, and theology as it expanded. The transfer of ownership in 1964 transformed the university from a secular to a Catholic university by incorporating it under the Adamson-Ozanam Educational Institutions, Inc. St. Vincent de Paul, the founder of the Congregation of the Mission, was named the patron saint of the university, and the motto Veritas in Caritate (Truth in Charity) was adopted. A new vision was articulated, essentially that of providing affordable quality education, particularly for the socially disadvantaged — a vision not substantially different from that of the Founder, who desired to assist Filipinos in gaining a living by providing the most practical education in the shortest amount of time. The university responded to the problems and demands of the period by offering courses in information technology and systems, nursing, customs administration, hospitality management, and physical education.
Fr. Bañaga led Adamson University to several accomplishments in the twenty-first century. During its
Diamond Jubilee
A diamond jubilee celebrates the 60th anniversary of a significant event related to a person (e.g. accession to the throne or wedding, among others) or the 60th anniversary of an institution's founding. The term is also used for 75th anniver ...
celebration in 2007, the
National Historical Commission of the Philippines designated the university as a historic site. A memorial was installed in front of the St. Vincent Building, the oldest building on campus, commemorating this heritage.
The
Commission on Higher Education (CHED) after passing rigorous examinations and visits, the university was given Autonomous status and certification for Institutional Monitoring and Evaluation for Quality Assurance (IQuAME) in 2010 by the Commission on Higher Education (CHED). The Autonomous status signifies that Adamson University will have greater autonomy or independence in its administration, decision-making, and implementation; have the privilege to offer new programs and distance courses, among other things; and have the authority to grant an
Honoris Causa to deserving individuals in accordance with CHED's regulations for awarding honorary degrees. Meanwhile, the IQuAME certification signifies that the university has satisfied and cooperated with the norms and standards established by CHED to determine the value of its education and services. Additionally, CHED has designated numerous degree programs as Centers of Excellence and/or Centers of Development.
On November 16, 2012, the Adamson University Museum-Wing Founders was inaugurated to commemorate the institution's 80th anniversary. The Founder's Wing contains memorabilia and personal items Dr. Adamson's family contributed. Mrs. Evdoxia Adamson, his widow, has meticulously kept the objects in the Founder's Wing, which were shipped from Spain, where the Adamson family currently resides.
Adamson University sought and received the coveted ISO 9001:2008 Management Systems certification from
TÜV Rheinland in January 2013, bolstering its efforts to attain excellence. The ISO 9001:2008 certification indicates that the university's processes and standards are of international management system quality. The university has implemented quality assurance methodologies and maintenance procedures for academic and support services. By formalizing and maintaining its quality assurance systems, the university can assure its students, parents, and other customers that teaching quality will stay high and transactions will be conducted effectively.
In 2015, Fr. Marcelo V. Manimtim, C.M., became the sixth and current president of the university after Fr. Bañaga's administration.
Campus
![Saint Vincent Hall](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Saint_Vincent_Hall.jpg)
Adamson University is located in San Marcelino Street,
Ermita
Ermita is a district in Manila, Philippines. Located at the central part of the city, the district is a significant center of finance, education, culture, and commerce. Ermita serves as the civic center of the city, bearing the seat of city ...
. The
Technological University of the Philippines
The Technological University of the Philippines ( fil, Pamantasang Teknolohiya ng Pilipinas or ''Teknolohikal na Unibersidad ng Pilipinas''), commonly known as TUP, is a coeducational state university in the Philippines. It was established in ...
,
Santa Isabel College Manila
The Santa Isabel College, also referred to by its acronym SIC, is a private, Roman Catholic college owned and operated by the Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul in Ermita, Manila, Philippines. It was founded on 24 October 1632. Santa Is ...
,
Emilio Aguinaldo College
Emilio Aguinaldo College (EAC) is a private, non-sectarian institute of education located in Manila, Philippines
Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital city, capital of the ...
, and
Philippine Normal University
The Philippine Normal University (PNU; fil, Pamantasang Normal ng Pilipinas) is a public coeducational teacher education and research university in the Philippines. It was established in 1901 through Act No. 74 of the Philippine Commission '' ...
are its nearest neighbors. Adamson University has eight buildings occupying 10.7 hectares of land.
The school was located in three different campuses before finally settling on its present campus along San Marcelino Street in 1946. The university expanded its campus in San Marcelino by acquiring the
Meralco
The Manila Electric Company (), also known as Meralco (, ), is an electric power distribution company in the Philippines. It is Metro Manila's only electric power distributor and holds the power distribution franchise for 22 cities and 89 munic ...
building in 1968 and the
St. Theresa's College-Manila site just across the street in 1977.
Alumni
Politics and governance
*
Ruthlane Uy Asmundson
Ruthlane Uy Asmundson (born September 21, 1945) served as mayor of the City of Davis, California from 2004 to 2006 and again from 2008 to 2010. A native of Gamu, Isabela, Philippines, Asmundson was the first female Filipino migrant to be elected ...
, former mayor of
Davis, California
Davis is the most populous city in Yolo County, California. Located in the Sacramento Valley region of Northern California, the city had a population of 66,850 in 2020, not including the on-campus population of the University of California, Davi ...
*
Cynthia Barker, Mayor of
Hertsmere
Hertsmere is a local government district and borough in Hertfordshire, England. Its council is based in Borehamwood. Other settlements in the borough include Bushey, Elstree, Radlett and Potters Bar. The borough borders the three north London ...
, a
local government district
The districts of England (also known as local authority districts or local government districts to distinguish from unofficial city districts) are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. As the st ...
and
borough
A borough is an administrative division in various English-speaking countries. In principle, the term ''borough'' designates a self-governing walled town, although in practice, official use of the term varies widely.
History
In the Middle A ...
in
Hertfordshire, England
*
Eduardo del Rosario
Eduardo "Ed" Drueco del Rosario (born November 22, 1956) is a Philippine Army veteran and government official who served as the first Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development of the Philippines under the Duterte administration, fro ...
, Secretary of
Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development
The Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development ( fil, Kagawaran ng Pananahanang Pantao at Pagpapaunlad ng Kalunsuran), abbreviated as DHSUD, is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the management of ...
*
Romulo Peña Jr., Representative of the First District of
Makati
Makati ( ), officially the City of Makati ( fil, Lungsod ng Makati), is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the National Capital Region of the Philippines.
Makati is the financial center of the Philippines; it has the highest concentration ...
*
Angelito Gatlabayan
Angelito Cabaron Gatlabayan (born July 3, 1952), also referred to by his initials ACG, is a Filipino politician. He was the first City Mayor of Antipolo following its transition to cityhood, serving from 1998 to 2007. He was a member of the Hou ...
, former city mayor and representative of the
2nd District of
Antipolo
Antipolo, officially known as the City of Antipolo ( fil, Lungsod ng Antipolo), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Rizal, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 887,399 people. It is the ...
*
Jose Catindig Jr., former mayor or
Santa Rosa, Laguna
Santa Rosa, officially the City of Santa Rosa ( fil, Lungsod ng Santa Rosa), is a 1st class Cities of the Philippines#Legal classification, component city in the Provinces of the Philippines, province of Laguna (province), Laguna, Philippines. ...
*
Roberto Uy
Roberto Yu Uy, also known as Berto Uy (born December 28, 1951) is a Chinese Filipino businessman and politician from the province of Zamboanga del Norte in the Philippines. He previously served as a Governor of Zamboanga del Norte.
Early life a ...
,
governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
of
Zamboanga del Norte
Zamboanga del Norte ( Cebuano: ''Amihanang Zamboanga''; Subanon: ''Utara Sembwangan''; tl, Hilagang Zamboanga), officially the Province of Zamboanga del Norte, is a province in the Philippines situated within the Zamboanga Peninsula region in ...
*
Noel Rosal, former mayor of
Legazpi, Albay
Sports
*
Rafael "Paeng" Nepomuceno, World Champion bowler
*
Carlos Yulo
Carlos Edriel Poquiz Yulo (born February 16, 2000) is a Filipino artistic gymnast who has won multiple medals at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
He is the first Filipino and the first male Southeast Asian gymnast to medal at the Wor ...
,
2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
The 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships was held in Stuttgart, Germany from October 4–13, 2019. The championships took place at the Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle, and was the third time the city of Stuttgart hosted the event following the ...
gold medalist in
floor exercise finals
*
Kenneth Duremdes
Kenneth Celera Duremdes (born January 31, 1974) is a Filipino retired professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association and the current commissioner of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). Nicknamed as "Captain ...
, basketball player, UNTV Cup Senate Defenders Head Coach,
*
Marlou Aquino
Marlou Bucao Aquino (born October 7, 1972) is a Filipino former professional basketball player and assistant coach for the Bacoor City Strikers of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). During his prime he was known by fans as "The S ...
, basketball player
*
Hector Calma
Hector Calma (born March 2, 1960) is a Filipino former professional basketball player. At 5 feet and 8 inches, he played at the point guard position and was most notably associated with the San Miguel Beer team of the Philippine Basketbal ...
, basketball player
*
Louie Alas
Francisco Luis "Louie" Alas (born October 10, 1963) is a Filipino basketball head coach. He is the former head coach of the Letran Knights in the National Collegiate Athletic Association, and Philippine Patriots in the ASEAN Basketball League. He ...
,
Letran Knights
The Letran Knights are the collegiate varsity teams representing Colegio de San Juan de Letran in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The collegiate women's varsity teams are called the ''Lady Knights'', while the high school varsity t ...
coach
*
Edward Joseph Feihl
Edward Joseph "E. J." Feihl (born March 27, 1970) is a Filipino retired professional basketball player of German Filipino descent.
He stands 7'1" tall, making him the tallest Filipino professional basketball player ever to play in the PBA. A ...
, basketball player
*
Gherome Ejercito
Gherome Eric Angeles Ejercito (; born March 19, 1977) is a Filipino former professional basketball player. He last played for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters in the Philippine Basketball Association. He also first played from the Pampanga Dr ...
, basketball player
*
Eddie Laure
Eddie Bicoy Laure (born July 6, 1977) is a Filipino former professional basketball player and politician. Known by many as The Dominator and more recently, The Bounty Hunter for his daring and stunning ability to search and get loose balls on t ...
, basketball player
*
Alex Nuyles
Alexander Nuyles (born July 25, 1989) is a Filipino professional basketball player who last played for the Bicol Volcanoes of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). He was drafted 9th overall by the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters in the ...
, basketball player
*
Lester Alvarez
Lester Andrew F. Alvarez (born September 18, 1988) is a Filipino basketball player and head coach for the Valenzuela XUR Homes Realty Inc. of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL). Alvarez played college basketball for the Adamson Un ...
, basketball player
*
Ken Bono
Karl Kenneth Odani Bono (born June 19, 1984) is a Filipino basketball player who last played for the TNT KaTropa of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He played collegiate basketball for the Adamson Soaring Falcons in the University At ...
, basketball player
*
Chad Alonzo
Richard Hernando Alonzo is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Bacoor City Strikers of the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL).
He was an undrafted player signed by the Purefoods Tender Juicy Giants in 2008 before being ...
, basketball player
*
Melvin Mamaclay, basketball player
*
Jericho Cruz
Jericho Xavier Setubal Cruz (born October 11, 1990) is a Filipino-Guamanian professional basketball player for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).
High school and college career
Cruz started his basketball car ...
, basketball player
*
Rodney Brondial
John Rodney Sanao Brondial (born November 20, 1990) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the San Miguel Beermen of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He played college basketball for Adamson University in the UAAP. He was d ...
, basketball player
*
Eric Camson
Eric James Mandanas Camson (born June 12, 1990) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Terrafirma Dyip of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was drafted 16th overall in the 2013 PBA draft by the Air21 Express.
Colle ...
, basketball player
*
Don Trollano. basketball player
*
Jansen Rios
Jansen Mani Rios (born October 28, 1991) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Meralco Bolts of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He was selected 25th overall in the 2015 PBA draft.
Collegiate career
He was recruited ...
, basketball player
*
Sean Manganti
Sean Paul Dabu Manganti (born April 18, 1994) is a Filipino-American professional basketball player for the Phoenix Super LPG Fuel Masters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA). He played college basketball for the Adamson Soaring Falcon ...
, basketball player
*
Jerrick Ahanmisi, basketball player
*
Mylene Paat
Mylene Balan Paat (born April 5, 1994) is a Filipino professional volleyball player. She currently plays for Nakhon Ratchasima of the Women's Volleyball Thailand League. She also represents the Philippines women's national volleyball team. At ...
, Volleyball player, Philippine National Women's Volleyball Team Member
*
Jema Galanza
Jessica Margarett "Jema" Casidsid Galanza (born November 28, 1996) is a Filipino volleyball player and former captain of the Adamson Soaring Lady Falcons volleyball team in the UAAP and a National Team Member. She also played for the Laoag P ...
, Volleyball player, Creamline Cool Smashers
*
Tatan Pantone
Lizlee Ann "Tatan" Gata-Pantone (born 17 August 1988) is a retired Filipino volleyball player who last played for PLDT Home Fibr of the 2019 PSL Grand Prix Conference.
She was a member of the collegiate varsity volleyball team of Adamson Un ...
, Volleyball player, PLDT Home Fibr Hitters
*
Dante Alinsunurin
Dante Alinsunurin is a Filipino volleyball coach.
Career NU Bulldogs
Alinsunurin has coached in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP), mentoring the National University (NU) Bulldogs men's volleyball team which won back- ...
, champion volleyball coach
*
Sherwin Meneses
Sherwin Meneses is a Filipino volleyball coach. He is currently the head coach of the defending champion professional team, Creamline Cool Smashers, of the Premier Volleyball League (PVL). He also coached the Adamson Lady Falcons in the University ...
, champion volleyball coach
Arts, culture, religion, and entertainment
*
Prince Villanueva
Prince Allan Ray Eugenio Villanueva is a Filipino actor who is presently signed up for an exclusive contract with GMA Network. Prince used to be co-managed by German Moreno and GMA Artist Center until the time of the former's demise, which made ...
, actor
*
Hazel Ann Mendoza
Hazel Ann Mendoza (born Lourdes Angelic Teofisto Pla on 26 April 1988) is a Filipino former actress and a former Star Magic talent. Her late father was Spanish-English and also the father of former actress Nadia Montenegro. She became an artist ...
, actress
*
Nida Blanca
Dorothy Guinto Jones (January 6, 1936 – November 7, 2001), popularly known by her stage name Nida Blanca, was a Filipina actress. After a successful acting career in films during the 1950s, many of which are with actor Nestor de Villa, sh ...
, actress
*
Francine Prieto
Anna Marie Falcon (born September 17, 1982 in Las Piñas, Philippines), known by her stage name Francine Prieto is a Filipino actress, fashion model, radio DJ, and singer. She is Chinese Filipino of half Norwegian descent.
Education
Prieto s ...
, actress
*
Jestoni Alarcon
Anthony Jesus Pineda Alarcon, known professionally as Jestoni Alarcon, is a Filipino actor and politician. He was served as a councilor in Antipolo from 2001 to 2004 and as the vice governor of Rizal Province from 2004 to 2007. In 2013, he won a ...
, actor
*
Neil Coleta
Mark Neilson Mañosca Coleta (born August 4, 1991), popularly known as Neil Coleta, is a Filipino actor and TV host. He appeared in the TV series Growing Up and 100 Days to Heaven.
Personal life
Coleta graduated from Adamson University. In ...
, actor
*
Mario O'Hara
Mario Herrero O'Hara (April 20, 1946 – June 26, 2012) was a Philippines, Filipino film director, film producer and screenwriter known for his sense of Realism (arts), realism often with dark but realistic social messages.Guillermo Gómez Rivera
Guillermo Gómez y Rivera (; born 12 September 1936) is a Spanish-Filipino multilingual author, historian, educator and linguistic scholar whose lifelong work has been devoted to the advocay to preserve Spanish culture as an "important element" of ...
, historian and writer
*
Fernando Suarez, priest
*
Florentino Floro
Florentino V. Floro Jr. (born November 5, 1953) is a Filipino former judge who achieved notoriety after being suspended from the Philippine judiciary in 2006 due to mental illness. Floro made several statements that he was psychic and claimed ...
, judge
Science and research
*
Mary Jane Alvero, CEO of Geoscience Testing Laboratory, United Arab Emirates
See also
*
Tinik Ng Teatro
References
External links
Adamson University Official WebsiteAdamson University Official Facebook Page
{{Coord, 14, 35, 10, N, 120, 59, 10, E, type:edu_region:PH, display=inline,title
Universities
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, t ...
Catholic universities and colleges in Manila
Education in Ermita
Universities and colleges in Manila
University Athletic Association of the Philippines universities
Educational institutions established in 1932
1932 establishments in the Philippines