Under the
Whyte notation
Whyte notation is a classification method for steam locomotives, and some internal combustion locomotives and electric locomotives, by wheel arrangement. It was devised by Frederick Methvan Whyte, and came into use in the early twentieth cen ...
for the classification of
locomotive
A locomotive or engine is a rail transport vehicle that provides the motive power for a train. If a locomotive is capable of carrying a payload, it is usually rather referred to as a multiple unit, motor coach, railcar or power car; the ...
s, represents the
wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and c ...
of four
leading wheel
The leading wheel or leading axle or pilot wheel of a steam locomotive is an unpowered wheel or axle located in front of the driving wheels. The axle or axles of the leading wheels are normally located on a leading truck. Leading wheels are used ...
s, six powered and coupled
driving wheel
On a steam locomotive, a driving wheel is a powered wheel which is driven by the locomotive's pistons (or turbine, in the case of a steam turbine locomotive). On a conventional, non-articulated locomotive, the driving wheels are all coupled ...
s and four
trailing wheel
On a steam locomotive, a trailing wheel or trailing axle is generally an unpowered wheel or axle ( wheelset) located behind the driving wheels. The axle of the trailing wheels is usually located in a trailing truck. On some large locomotives, ...
s. In France where the type was first used, it is known as the Baltic while it became known as the Hudson in most of North America.
Overview
Tender locomotives
The 4-6-4
tender locomotive
A tender or coal-car (US only) is a special rail vehicle hauled by a steam locomotive containing its fuel (wood, coal, oil or torrefied biomass) and water. Steam locomotives consume large quantities of water compared to the quantity of fuel, s ...
was first introduced in 1911 and throughout the 1920s to 1940s, the wheel arrangement was widely used in North America and to a lesser extent in the rest of the world. The type combined the basic design principles of the
4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The locomo ...
type with an improved
boiler
A boiler is a closed vessel in which fluid (generally water) is heated. The fluid does not necessarily boil. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications, including water heating, central ...
and larger
firebox
Firebox may refer to:
* Firebox (steam engine), the area where the fuel is burned in a steam engine
* Firebox (architecture), the part of a fireplace where fuel is combusted
*Firebox Records, a Finnish 8101705801record label
* Firebox.com, an elect ...
that necessitated additional support at the rear of the locomotive. In general, the available
tractive effort
As used in mechanical engineering, the term tractive force can either refer to the total traction a vehicle exerts on a surface, or the amount of the total traction that is parallel to the direction of motion.
In railway engineering, the term t ...
differed little from that of the 4-6-2, but the steam-raising ability was increased, giving more power at speed. The 4-6-4 was best suited to high-speed running across flat terrain. Since the type had fewer
driving wheel
On a steam locomotive, a driving wheel is a powered wheel which is driven by the locomotive's pistons (or turbine, in the case of a steam turbine locomotive). On a conventional, non-articulated locomotive, the driving wheels are all coupled ...
s than
carrying wheels
A carrying wheel on a steam locomotive is a wheel that is not driven; i.e., it is uncoupled and can run freely, unlike a coupled or driving wheel. It is also described as a running wheelWörterbuch der Industriellen Technik, Dr.-Ing. Richard Erns ...
, a smaller percentage of the locomotive's weight contributed to traction, compared to other types. Like the 4-6-2, it was well suited for high speed passenger trains, but not for starting heavy freight trains and slogging on long sustained grades, where more pairs of driving wheels are better.
The first 4-6-4 tender locomotive in the world was a four-cylinder
compound locomotive
A compound locomotive is a steam locomotive which is powered by a compound engine, a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages. The locomotive was only one application of compounding. Two and three stages were used in shi ...
, designed by
Gaston du Bousquet Gaston du Bousquet (1839–1910) was a French engineer who was Chief of Motive Power () of the Chemin de Fer du Nord, designer of locomotives and professor at École centrale de Lille.
Steam locomotive designer
Gaston du Bousquet taught mechanical ...
for the
in
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
in 1911. Since it was designed for the
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
-
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
express, it was named the Baltic after the
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden and the North and Central European Plain.
The sea stretches from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from ...
, which was a logical extension of the naming convention that started with the
4-4-2 and 4-6-2.
[Reed, Brian. (1972). ''Loco Profile, Nord Pacifics''. Windsor: Profile Publications.]
The first 4-6-4 in the United States of America, J-1a #5200 of the
New York Central Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the Mi ...
, was built in 1927 to the railroad's design by the
American Locomotive Company
The American Locomotive Company (often shortened to ALCO, ALCo or Alco) was an American manufacturer of locomotives, diesel generators, steel, and tanks that operated from 1901 to 1969. The company was formed by the merger of seven smaller locomo ...
(ALCO). There, the type was named the
Hudson after the
Hudson River
The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York. It originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York and flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the New York Harbor between Ne ...
.
The world speed record for steam locomotives was held by a 4-6-4 at least twice. In 1934, the
Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), often referred to as the "Milwaukee Road" , was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.
The company experienced ...
's
class F6 no. 6402 reached and, in 1936, the German class 05.002 reached . That record was broken by the British 4-6-2
no. 4468 ''Mallard'' on 3 July 1938, when it reached , still the world speed record for steam traction.
Tank locomotives
The 4-6-4T was also a fairly common
wheel arrangement
In rail transport, a wheel arrangement or wheel configuration is a system of classifying the way in which wheels are distributed under a locomotive. Several notations exist to describe the wheel assemblies of a locomotive by type, position, and c ...
for passenger
tank locomotive
A tank locomotive or tank engine is a steam locomotive that carries its water in one or more on-board water tanks, instead of a more traditional tender. Most tank engines also have bunkers (or fuel tanks) to hold fuel; in a tender-tank loc ...
s. As such, it was essentially the tank locomotive equivalent of a tender locomotive, with water tanks and a coal bunker supported by four trailing wheels instead of in a tender. In New Zealand, some 4-6-4T locomotives (the Wab class) were tank versions of
4-6-2
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles and two trailing wheels on one axle. The locomo ...
locomotives (of the Ab class).
The first known 4-6-4 tank locomotive was rebuilt from a
Natal Government Railways
The Natal Government Railways (NGR) was formed in January 1877 in the Colony of Natal.
In 1877, the Natal Government Railways acquired the Natal Railway Company for the sum of £40,000, gaining the line from the Point to Durban and from Durban ...
(NGR)
K&S Class 4-6-0T
A 4-6-0 steam locomotive, under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, has four leading wheels on two axles in a leading bogie and six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles with the abse ...
which was modified in 1896 to enable it to run equally well in either direction on the
Natal
NATAL or Natal may refer to:
Places
* Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, a city in Brazil
* Natal, South Africa (disambiguation), a region in South Africa
** Natalia Republic, a former country (1839–1843)
** Colony of Natal, a former British colony ( ...
South Coast line, where no turning facilities were available at the time. This sole locomotive later became the
Class C2 on the
South African Railways
Transnet Freight Rail is a South African rail transport company, formerly known as Spoornet. It was part of the South African Railways and Harbours Administration, a state-controlled organisation that employed hundreds of thousands of people ...
(SAR). The first known locomotive class to be designed with a 4-6-4T wheel arrangement, the NGR's
Class F tank locomotive, was based on this modified locomotive and built by
Neilson, Reid & Company in 1902. These became the Class E on the SAR in 1912.
One
streamlined 4-6-4T was built for the
Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regiona ...
in 1935.
Use
Australia
;Tender locomotives
![Victorian Railways R 701](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Victorian_Railways_R_701.jpg)
Seventy
R class 4-6-4 tender locomotives, the only class of this configuration in Australia and built by
North British Locomotive Company
The North British Locomotive Company (NBL, NB Loco or North British) was created in 1903 through the merger of three Glasgow locomotive manufacturing companies; Sharp, Stewart and Company (Atlas Works), Neilson, Reid and Company (Hyde Park Wo ...
, were introduced by the
Victorian Railways
The Victorian Railways (VR), trading from 1974 as VicRail, was the state-owned operator of most rail transport in the Australian state of Victoria from 1859 to 1983. The first railways in Victoria were private companies, but when these companie ...
in 1951 for mainline express passenger operations. However, the introduction in 1952 of the
B class diesel-electric locomotives saw the R class almost immediately being relegated to secondary passenger and freight use, with many being staged at depots around the state. A number were preserved and some of these continued to operate on special excursion trains.
![R711WCR](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/R711WCR.jpg)
With the privatisation of regional passenger operations in Victoria in the mid-1990s, two R class locomotives were brought back into normal revenue service by the
West Coast Railway, for regularly scheduled mainline passenger trains between
Melbourne
Melbourne ( ; Boonwurrung/ Woiwurrung: ''Narrm'' or ''Naarm'') is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Its name generally refers to a metro ...
and
Warrnambool
Warrnambool ( Maar: ''Peetoop'' or ''Wheringkernitch'' or ''Warrnambool'') is a city on the south-western coast of Victoria, Australia. At the 2021 census, Warrnambool had a population of 35,743. Situated on the Princes Highway, Warrnambool (A ...
. The locomotives underwent a number of modifications to allow for reliable high speed operation, including dual
Lempor exhausts, oil firing and the addition of a diesel control stand for multiple unit operation. The use of these R class locomotives ceased after the demise of the private operator in 2004.
;Tank locomotives
The tank locomotive configuration was a popular type with the
Western Australian Government Railways
Western Australian Government Railways (WAGR) was the operator of railway services in the state of Western Australia between October 1890 and June 2003. Owned by the state government, it was renamed a number of times to reflect extra responsi ...
. The
D class was introduced for suburban passenger service in 1912. Its successors, both also of the 4-6-4T wheel arrangement, were the
Dm class of 1945 that was rebuilt from older
E class 4-6-2 tender locomotives, and the
Dd class of 1946.
The
New South Wales Government Railways
The New South Wales Government Railways (NSWGR) was the agency of the Government of New South Wales that administered rail transport in New South Wales, Australia, between 1855 and 1932.
Management
The agency was managed by a range of differen ...
30 Class 4-6-4T locomotives were used on
Sydney
Sydney ( ) is the capital city of the state of New South Wales, and the most populous city in both Australia and Oceania. Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about towards the Blue Mounta ...
and
Newcastle Newcastle usually refers to:
*Newcastle upon Tyne, a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England
*Newcastle-under-Lyme, a town in Staffordshire, England
*Newcastle, New South Wales, a metropolitan area in Australia, named after Newcastle ...
suburban passenger train workings from 1903 until the end of steam operations in the 1970s. No. 3046 is preserved at the
Dorrigo Steam Railway & Museum
The Dorrigo Steam Railway & Museum in Dorrigo, New South Wales, Australia is a large, privately owned collection of railway vehicles and equipment from the railways of New South Wales, covering both Government and private railways. The collecti ...
. No. 3013 is stored, dismantled at the
Canberra Railway Museum
The Canberra Railway Museum is located at Kingston in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), next to Canberra railway station on the Bombala railway line. Since May 2018, Canberra Railway Museum has been the trading name of a not-for-profit ...
. 3085 is awaiting restoration at
Goulburn Roundhouse. 3112 operated tour trains for a number of years but is currently out of service in Canberra. 3137 saw regular use in the 1970s and 1980s as part of the
NSW Rail Museum
The NSW Rail Museum is the main railway museum in New South Wales, Australia. A division of Transport Heritage NSW, it was previously known as the New South Wales Rail Transport Museum (NSWRTM), Rail Heritage Centre and Trainworks.
Transport H ...
operating fleet, but is out of service and now on static display at Thirlmere.
Canada
;Tender locomotives
![Jss1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Jss1.jpg)
The second-largest user of the type in North America was the
Canadian Pacific
The Canadian Pacific Railway (french: Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique) , also known simply as CPR or Canadian Pacific and formerly as CP Rail (1968–1996), is a Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881. The railway is owned by Canadi ...
with 65 H1a to H1e class locomotives, numbered 2800 to 2864 and built by
Montreal Locomotive Works
Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) was a Canadian railway locomotive manufacturer which existed under several names from 1883 to 1985, producing both steam and diesel locomotives. For a number of years it was a subsidiary of the American Locomot ...
(MLW) between 1929 and 1940. They were highly successful and improved service and journey times on the CPR's transcontinental routes. The third and later batches of CPR Hudsons, H1c to H1e numbers 2820 to 2864, were dubbed ''
Royal Hudsons'' and were semi-streamlined. Royal permission was given for these locomotives to bear the royal crown and arms after locomotive No. 2850 hauled
King George VI
George VI (Albert Frederick Arthur George; 14 December 1895 – 6 February 1952) was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death in 1952. He was also the last Emperor of In ...
across Canada in 1939.
Five CPR Hudsons survived.
H1b class no. 2816 ''Empress'' is the sole remaining unstreamlined CPR Hudson. It was repatriated from static display at Steamtown in Scranton, Pennsylvania, to the CPR in 1998 and was restored and converted to oil-burning to haul excursions for CPR. The other remaining H1 class locomotives are all ''Royal Hudsons''. As of 2008, three were on display in museums, No. 2839 in California, No. 2850 in Quebec and No. 2858 in Ontario, while No. 2860, the first oil-burning ''Royal Hudson'' of the class, was operational and based in British Columbia. By 2008, the CPR Hudsons were the only operational Hudsons in North America. (Also see
North American production list)
;Tank locomotives
The
Grand Trunk Railway
The Grand Trunk Railway (; french: Grand Tronc) was a railway system that operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario and in the American states of Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The rail ...
(GTR) had six K2 class locomotives, built in September 1914 by MLW and acquired for suburban service. Numbered 1540 to 1545 on the GTR, they were reclassified as X-10-a and renumbered 45 to 50 after being absorbed by the
Canadian National
The Canadian National Railway Company (french: Compagnie des chemins de fer nationaux du Canada) is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, which serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States.
CN ...
(CN) in 1923. Three of them are preserved, numbers GT 1541 (CN 46) and
(CN 47) at the
Steamtown National Historic Site
Steamtown National Historic Site (NHS) is a railroad museum and heritage railroad located on in downtown Scranton, Pennsylvania, at the site of the former Scranton yards of the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad (DL&W). The museum is buil ...
in
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Scranton is a city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Lackawanna County. With a population of 76,328 as of the 2020 U.S. census, Scranton is the largest city in Northeastern Pennsylvania, the Wyoming V ...
, and GT 1544 (CN 49) at the
Canadian Railway Museum
The Canadian Railway Museum (french: (Le) ''Musée ferroviaire canadien''), operating under the brand name Exporail in both official languages, is a rail transport museum in Saint-Constant, Quebec, Canada, on Montreal's south shore.
Locomotive ...
in
Delson, Quebec
Delson is an off-island suburb ( South shore) of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is situated 8 mi/13 km SSE of Montreal within the regional county municipality of Roussillon in the administrative region of Montérégie. The population as o ...
. (Also see
North American production list)
Finland
![Pr2 1800 Haapamäki 02](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/Pr2_1800_Haapam%C3%A4ki_02.08.11_%283%29.JPG)
The Finnish State Railways
Class Pr2, nicknamed ''Henschel'', was a gauge passenger tank locomotive class, ordered from
Henschel & Son
Henschel & Son (german: Henschel und Sohn) was a German company, located in Kassel, best known during the 20th century as a maker of transportation equipment, including locomotives, trucks, buses and trolleybuses, and armoured fighting vehi ...
by the Estonian State Railways in the spring of 1939 and completed in 1941. The outbreak of the Second World War prevented their delivery to
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, an ...
, but a few of these engines did operate in
Latvia
Latvia ( or ; lv, Latvija ; ltg, Latveja; liv, Leţmō), officially the Republic of Latvia ( lv, Latvijas Republika, links=no, ltg, Latvejas Republika, links=no, liv, Leţmō Vabāmō, links=no), is a country in the Baltic region of ...
in 1942. They became superfluous when the Germans began converting the Baltic tracks to , and the four locomotives were sold to
Finland
Finland ( fi, Suomi ; sv, Finland ), officially the Republic of Finland (; ), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It shares land borders with Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bot ...
. They were classified Pr2 and numbered 1800 to 1803 upon their arrival in Finland in December 1942.
The Class Pr2 tanks were quite advanced locomotives and were based on the Henschel-built
DRG Class 62 tank engine design of 1928 for the
Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regiona ...
. After their initial teething problems were solved, they proved to be fast runners and an ideal addition to the motive power stable. They were originally built as oil-burners and reverted to this type of fuel between 1947 and 1954, when oil prices were low. With its coupled wheels, it was very fast and one of them achieved during a test run. No. 1803, the last Class Pr2 in service, was withdrawn in May 1960. Only no. 1800 has been preserved.
France
The four-cylinder
compound locomotive
A compound locomotive is a steam locomotive which is powered by a compound engine, a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages. The locomotive was only one application of compounding. Two and three stages were used in shi ...
designed by
Gaston du Bousquet Gaston du Bousquet (1839–1910) was a French engineer who was Chief of Motive Power () of the Chemin de Fer du Nord, designer of locomotives and professor at École centrale de Lille.
Steam locomotive designer
Gaston du Bousquet taught mechanical ...
for the French
, of which two (
3.1101 and 3.1102) were built at the company's workshops in 1911, was the first tender locomotive in the world with this wheel arrangement. Named the ''Baltic'' since it was intended for service on the
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Si ...
-
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
express, its most remarkable feature was the ''en echelon'' arrangement of the two low-pressure inside cylinders in order to accommodate the very large bore. One of them was built with a water-tube firebox. Although they were not multiplied, they were the forerunners of the highly successful 4-6-2 Nord Pacifics and Super-Pacifics.
One survives in the
Cité du Train
The Cité du Train (English: ''City of the Train'' or ''Train City''), situated in Mulhouse, France, is one of the ten largest railway museums in the world. It is the successor to the ''musée français du chemin de fer'' (trans. French national ...
at
Mulhouse
Mulhouse (; Alsatian: or , ; ; meaning '' mill house'') is a city of the Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region, eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace a ...
in eastern France, cut up in sectioned form to display its interior during the World Exhibition in Paris in 1937. Its tender was not preserved.
![232-U1-SNCF](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/232-U1-SNCF.JPG)
France also produced some of the last Baltic locomotives. In 1938, Marc de Caso, the last Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Nord, originated the construction of eight Baltic locomotives, all delivered to the newly established
SNCF
The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffic ...
. Of these eight, three were 232.R class three-cylinder simple expansion (simplex) locomotives with rotary cam poppet valve gear, while four were 232.S class four-cylinder compound locomotives, initially also with poppet valve gear that was later replaced by
Walschaerts valve gear driving oscillating cams. Built for comparative purposes, it was found that the compounds outperformed the simples.
The eighth of the class, the final French Baltic type, was completed in 1949 as the 232.U.1 class. This was another four-cylinder compound with Walschaerts valve gear, but with very large and light piston valves, that proved capable of more than . This locomotive is also preserved at
Mulhouse
Mulhouse (; Alsatian: or , ; ; meaning '' mill house'') is a city of the Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region, eastern France, close to the Swiss and German borders. It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace a ...
. (Also see
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
)
Germany
;Tender locomotives
![05001 Nuernberg 2006-08](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/05001_Nuernberg_2006-08.jpg)
Three tender locomotives were built for the
Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regiona ...
(DRG) by
August Borsig
Johann Karl Friedrich August Borsig (23 June 1804 – 6 July 1854) was a German businessman who founded the ''Borsig-Werke'' factory.
Borsig was born in Breslau (Wrocław), the son of cuirassier and carpenter foreman Johann George Borsig. After ...
in 1935. Designated
Class 05, they were designed for high speed running. They were three-cylinder locomotives with giant driving wheels and powerful clasp brakes on all wheels.
The first two locomotives were conventional locomotives, but the third was built as a
cab forward
The term cab forward refers to various rail and road vehicle designs that place the driver's compartment substantially farther towards the front than is common practice.
Rail locomotives
In steam locomotive design, a cab forward design will ...
and burned pulverised coal. All three were built streamlined, in shrouds that covered the locomotives almost to the railhead. On 11 May 1936, the 05.002 set a world speed record of that was bettered by the British 4-6-2 ''Mallard'' two years later, on 3 July 1938.
The 05.003 was converted to conventional boiler-forward running in 1944.
All three survived the Second World War and were rebuilt as conventional non-streamlined locomotives in 1950, with new boilers. They worked in this form until 1957, when
electric locomotive
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor. Locomotives with on-board fuelled prime movers, such as diesel engines or g ...
s took over on the high-speed routes. The first locomotive, 05.001, was restored to its original streamlined configuration in 1961, for display in the
Nuremberg Transport Museum
The Nuremberg Transport Museum (') is based in Nuremberg, Germany, and consists of the Deutsche Bahn's own DB Museum and the Museum of Communications ('). It also has two satellite museums at Koblenz-Lützel (the '' DB Museum Koblenz'') and Halle ...
.
;Tank locomotives
A number of German locomotive classes were built, the best known being the
Prussian T 18 class of 1912. Altogether 534 of them were built by the
Stettiner Maschinenbau AG Vulcan
Aktien-Gesellschaft Vulcan Stettin (short AG Vulcan Stettin) was a German shipbuilding and locomotive building company. Founded in 1851, it was located near the former eastern German city of Stettin, today Polish Szczecin. Because of the limited ...
and
Henschel & Son
Henschel & Son (german: Henschel und Sohn) was a German company, located in Kassel, best known during the 20th century as a maker of transportation equipment, including locomotives, trucks, buses and trolleybuses, and armoured fighting vehi ...
between 1912 and 1927. Of these, 458 went to the
Prussian state railways
The term Prussian state railways (German: ''Preußische Staatseisenbahnen'') encompasses those railway organisations that were owned or managed by the State of Prussia. The words "state railways" are not capitalized because Prussia did not have a ...
and subsequently the
Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regiona ...
, where they became the DRG Class 78.
India
There were two classes of tender locomotives in India, both early in the history of the wheel arrangement and also of unusually narrow gauge. The nine G class locomotives of the gauge
Barsi Light Railway
Barsi Light Railway (BLR) was a long, narrow-gauge railway between Miraj and Latur in the state of Maharashtra in India. It was the brainchild of British engineer Everard Calthrop, and regarded as having revolutionised narrow-gauge ...
in western India were built by
Nasmyth, Wilson & Company in 1928 and 1930 and by
WG Bagnall
W. G. Bagnall was a locomotive manufacturer from Stafford, England which was founded in 1875 and operated
until it was taken over in 1962 by English Electric.
History
The company was founded in 1875 by William Gordon Bagnall. The majority of ...
in 1939. The four ND class locomotives of the gauge Scindia State Railway in
Gwalior
Gwalior() is a major city in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh; it lies in northern part of Madhya Pradesh and is one of the Counter-magnet cities. Located south of Delhi, the capital city of India, from Agra and from Bhopal, the s ...
were built in 1928 by
Kerr, Stuart & Company
Kerr, Stuart and Company Ltd was a locomotive manufacturer in Stoke-on-Trent, England.
History
It was founded in 1881 by James Kerr as "James Kerr & Company", and became "Kerr, Stuart & Company" from 1883 when John Stuart was taken on as a pa ...
.
Indonesia
The
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Gui ...
n C27 class locomotive of the
Java Staatsspoorwegen was introduced to
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mo ...
by the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
colonial administration. The class was designed to meet the requirement to haul trains of 400 tons at a speed of on a incline with radius curves. The locomotives also had to be able to negotiate curves with a sharp radius of at a speed of . Between 1916 and 1922, altogether 39 locomotives were ordered from three manufacturers,
Werkspoor
Werkspoor N.V. was the shortened, and later the official name of the Nederlandsche Fabriek van Werktuigen en Spoorwegmaterieel. It was a Dutch machine factory, known for rolling stock, (ship) steam engines, and diesel engines. It was a successor ...
,
Armstrong Whitworth
Sir W G Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd was a major British manufacturing company of the early years of the 20th century. With headquarters in Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne, Armstrong Whitworth built armaments, ships, locomotives, automobiles and ...
and Swiss Locomotive & Machine Works. The C27 class was used on railway lines around Jakarta, Bandung and Surabaya until electrification was carried out around Jakarta between 1925 and 1930. They were then relocated to secondary lines like the Merak, Banten, Merak-Tanah Abang in Banten province, the lines around Kertosono and Blitar and also between Purwokerto, Kutoarjo and Purworejo Regency, Purworejo.
From 1921, 58 C28 class express passenger tank locomotives were built for the ''Java Staatsspoorwegen'' by three German manufacturers,
Henschel & Son
Henschel & Son (german: Henschel und Sohn) was a German company, located in Kassel, best known during the 20th century as a maker of transportation equipment, including locomotives, trucks, buses and trolleybuses, and armoured fighting vehi ...
, Sächsische Maschinenfabrik and Maschinenfabrik Esslingen.
[''Henschel-Lieferliste'' (Henschel & Son works list), compiled by Dietmar Stresow] The C28 class was one of the most popular in Indonesia, achieving speeds of up to . It was declared the world's fastest steam locomotive on gauge when it achieved . In addition, being a tank locomotive, it was able to travel at full speed in both directions.
It was used on the Jakarta-Bandung, Jakarta-Surabaya and Malang-Surabaya routes. During the Dutch colonial era, the term ''Vlugge Vier'' (Fast Four) was used on the Jakarta-Bandung route, where C28 class locomotives covered the distance of four times a day at a speed of with a travel time of about 2 hours 45 minutes. These express trains only stopped for one minute at Karawang, Cikampek and Purwakarta. In addition, the C28 class locomotive was used on express trains like the ''Java Nacht Express'' (Java Night Express) and the ''Eendaagsche Express'' (One Day Express). A C28 class locomotive also hauled the train carrying Sukarno, President Sukarno and his entourage to Yogyakarta on 3 January 1948.
Ireland
The first and longest-lived Baltics in Ireland were two locomotives, built by Nasmyth, Gaskell & Company, Nasmyth, Wilson in 1904 for the narrow-gauge County Donegal Railways Joint Committee, County Donegal Railways. Both were later superheated and one lasted until 1967, albeit derelict.
Japan
![JNR-C61-2](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/JNR-C61-2.jpg)
Between 1947 and 1961, the Japanese National Railways built three classes of rather advanced American style gauge Hudson tender locomotives.
* Between 1947 and 1949, 33 JNR Class C61, Class C61 locomotives were rebuilt from former JNR Class D51, Class D51 2-8-2, Mikado freight locomotives. The Class C61 was the first Japanese locomotive with the Hudson wheel arrangement.
* In 1948 and 1949, 49 JNR Class C62, Class C62 locomotives were built with new 4-6-4 frames and using the boilers of JNR Class D52, Class D52 Mikado locomotives. These were the largest and fastest steam passenger locomotives to run in Japan.
* Between 1953 and 1961, 47 JNR Class C60, Class C60 locomotives were rebuilt from surplus Class JNR Class C59, C59 4-6-2, Pacific locomotives at the Hamamatsu and Kōriyama, Fukushima, Kōriyama factories.
![Kato C-62 steam](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Kato_C-62_steam.jpg)
The Class C60 and Class C61 were smaller locomotives than the Class C62, which filled the tight Japanese loading gauge. They were equipped with Boxpok driving wheels and used several American-style appliances, even though they had British-style smokebox doors.
Netherlands
The Dutch Railways ordered six 4-6-4T passenger locomotives from Beyer, Peacock and Company in 1913. A follow-up order for 34 locomotives was only partly delivered when, due to the downturn in traffic caused by World War I, the Dutch authorities cancelled the remainder of the order. The 40 locomotives as ordered were originally to be numbered 1201 to 1240, but the 26 that were delivered were later renumbered 6001 to 6026.
The 14 undelivered locomotives were sold to the British War Department (United Kingdom), War Department for use on the Western Front, where air-braked passenger locomotives were in short supply. They were assigned Railway Operating Division (ROD) numbers 1 to 12, 14 and 15 and were used on ambulance and troop trains as well as civilian passenger trains in the British sector.
After the war, they were sold to the Chemins de Fer du Nord in France, who numbered them 3.871 to 3.884. In 1938, all fourteen passed on to the
SNCF
The Société nationale des chemins de fer français (; abbreviated as SNCF ; French for "National society of French railroads") is France's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffic ...
, who renumbered them 232.TB.1 to 232.TB.14. Two were withdrawn in 1946, but the rest remained in service until 1950–1951. They were outlived by their Dutch sister locomotives, of which twenty were still in service in 1952. (Also see :en:4-6-4#France, France)
There were also ten four-cylinder 6100 class locomotives, built in 1929 by Hohenzollern and Werkspoor and based on the 3700 4-6-0 class. The last two were withdrawn in 1958.
Philippines
![Manila_Railroad_128](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Manila_Railroad_128.png)
There were two 4-6-4 tank locomotives built by the
North British Locomotive Company
The North British Locomotive Company (NBL, NB Loco or North British) was created in 1903 through the merger of three Glasgow locomotive manufacturing companies; Sharp, Stewart and Company (Atlas Works), Neilson, Reid and Company (Hyde Park Wo ...
as an extension of the original 120 class for the Manila Railroad Company built in 1910. Numbered Manila Railroad 127 and 128, the two locomotives were based in Tarlac City yards. No. 128 remained in service with the Manila Railroad by 1946 on the Canlubang branch line, and were scrapped before 1952.
The original Manila Railroad 160 class was also assigned to an order of seven 4-6-4T types also built by NBL in 1914. However due to World War I hampering the transfer of British equipment to Asia, the 4-6-4s were instead given to South Africa.
The 160 class numbering was later given to four 2-6-0+0-6-2 Kitson & Company, Kitson Meyer locomotives known as the Manila Railroad 160 class.
South Africa
No tender locomotives saw service in South Africa, but six 4-6-4T tank locomotive classes were used, all of them on .
In 1896, the
Natal Government Railways
The Natal Government Railways (NGR) was formed in January 1877 in the Colony of Natal.
In 1877, the Natal Government Railways acquired the Natal Railway Company for the sum of £40,000, gaining the line from the Point to Durban and from Durban ...
(NGR) rebuilt one of its South African Class C 4-6-0T, Class K&S 4-6-0 tank locomotives to a configuration, as directed by NGR Locomotive Superintendent George William Reid. This was the first known use of this wheel arrangement and was done to enable the locomotive to run equally well in either direction in shuttle service on the
Natal
NATAL or Natal may refer to:
Places
* Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, a city in Brazil
* Natal, South Africa (disambiguation), a region in South Africa
** Natalia Republic, a former country (1839–1843)
** Colony of Natal, a former British colony ( ...
South Coast line, where no turning facilities were available. In 1912, when it was assimilated into the South African Railways (SAR), this locomotive was designated
Class C2.
![SAR Class E 87 (4-6-4T) NGR Neilson Reid 1](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/SAR_Class_E_87_%284-6-4T%29_NGR_Neilson_Reid_1.jpg)
Ten tank locomotives, designed by G.W. Reid, were built for the NGR by
Neilson, Reid & Company in 1902. It was the first known locomotive in the world to be designed and built as a Baltic type. Known as the Neilson, Reid locomotives until they were designated the NGR's Class F, they were larger versions of the rebuilt Class H locomotive of 1896 and many of the main dimensions were identical. It had a plate frame, Stephenson valve gear and used saturated steam. In 1912 they became the South African Class E 4-6-4T, Class E on the SAR.
![SAR Klasse F](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/SAR_Klasse_F.jpg)
Eight Class F tank locomotives were placed in service on the Central South African Railways (CSAR) in 1904, designed by CSAR Chief Locomotive Superintendent P.A. Hyde and built by Vulcan Foundry. It had a bar frame, Stephenson valve gear and used saturated steam, and was acquired for the suburban services between Springs and Randfontein. The double red lining on their black livery and polished copper-capped chimneys, brass domes and boiler bands earned them the nickname ''Chocolate Boxes''. These locomotives retained their South African Class F 4-6-4T, Class F classification on the SAR.
![CSAR Rack 4-6-4T no](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/CSAR_Rack_4-6-4T_no._996.jpg)
In 1905, two CSAR Rack 4-6-4RT, rack tank locomotives were built for the CSAR by Vulcan Foundry, for use on the steep rack section between Waterval Onder and Waterval Boven on the line to Mozambique. Designed as two-cylinder locomotives by Hyde, the design was modified by the builders to four cylinders with the inside cylinders driving the rack equipment, but without a compensating increase in boiler capacity. The locomotives were failures on the rack section, their rack equipment was removed within a year of entering service and they were reassigned to shunting duty. In 1912, they were considered obsolete by the SAR and not classified, but they remained in service until 1915.
![SAR Class K (4-6-4T)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/SAR_Class_K_%284-6-4T%29.jpg)
Seven South African Class K 4-6-4T, Class K tank locomotives which had been built for the Philippine National Railways, Manila Railway Company in the Philippine Islands by the North British Locomotive Company in 1914, were sold to the SAR in 1917 since delivering them to the Philippines during the First World War became impossible. They were superheated, had
Walschaerts valve gear and were the first locomotives in South Africa to be equipped with exhaust steam injectors, which were of the Davies & Metcalfe pattern. Nicknamed ''Manila'', they remained in service until 1938.
![SAR Class J 345 (4-6-4T)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/SAR_Class_J_345_%284-6-4T%29.jpg)
Six tank locomotives, designed by SAR Chief Mechanical Engineer D.A. Hendrie and built by
Nasmyth, Wilson & Company, were introduced on the SAR in 1915. Designated South African Class J 4-6-4T, Class J, they had
Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes and used saturated steam. Acquired to cope with increasing traffic on the Natal South Coast, but unable to handle the rapidly increasing loads due to their small proportions, they soon ended up being employed as shunting engines in the Durban harbour, at Mossel Bay and in the Cape Midlands, until they were withdrawn from service by 1957.
Soviet Union
Only three prototype Hudson locomotives were built in the former Soviet Union, in 1937 and 1938. They were all streamlined and were the only streamlined series of Soviet steam locomotives, although a later post-war 4-8-4#Soviet Union, P36 series Northern locomotive was semi-streamlined. All three were scrapped in the 1950s.
* In 1937, two were built by the Kolomna Locomotive Works. These were known as the 2-3-2K locomotives, designed by Lev Lebedyanskii and rated at . Designated the P12 series, they were used to haul the ''Red Arrow'' passenger train between Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Leningrad. The intention was to build up to ten 2-3-2K locomotives to haul all express passenger trains between Moscow and Leningrad, but these plans were interrupted by the Second World War and not resumed.
* Another one was built in Luhansk, Voroshilovgrad in 1938, known as the 2-3-2V experimental locomotive number 6998. This locomotive was never used on mainline service.
United Kingdom
;Tender locomotives
![Engine 10000 (Wonder Book of Engineering Wonders, 1931)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Engine_10000_%28Wonder_Book_of_Engineering_Wonders%2C_1931%29.jpg)
The only tender locomotive in the United Kingdom was the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) no. 10000, built in 1930 as an experimental high-pressure
compound locomotive
A compound locomotive is a steam locomotive which is powered by a compound engine, a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages. The locomotive was only one application of compounding. Two and three stages were used in shi ...
with an experimental high-pressure steam locomotive, high-pressure water-tube boiler. It was the only locomotive of the LNER Class W1, Class W1 and became known as the ''Hush-hush locomotive'' on account of the great secrecy under which it was built. Its trailing wheels were arranged uniquely. Instead of being in one four-wheel trailing truck, the first pair was a Cartazzi axle, mounted in a rigid frame but still allowed sideways deflection against a centering force, as typical of the LNER's practice on its Pacific locomotives. The second pair was in a two-wheel trailing truck.
The experiment proved much less successful than had been hoped and in 1936 it was rebuilt along the lines of a streamlined LNER Class A4 4-6-2, though it retained its 4-6-4 wheel arrangement. After being rebuilt, the Class W1 was still easily distinguishable from an A4 at a glance, without looking for the extra trailing wheels, by the fact that it was never officially named even though the name ''Pegasus'' had been proposed. It therefore became known among Railfan#Trainspotting, trainspotters as the ''Un-named'' or ''No-name Streak''.
;Tank locomotives
A number of locomotives were built for various British railway companies.
The first standard-gauge examples were Robert Whitelegg's design in 1912 for the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (LT&SR). They were only delivered after the LT&SR had been taken over by the Midland Railway, where they were designated the LT&SR 2100 Class, 2100 class.
Between 1914 and 1922, the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) built seven LB&SCR L class, L class tank locomotives, known as the ''Brighton Baltics''. The first examples suffered from instability problems until they were rebuilt with well-tanks. These high-speed tank locomotives hauled the famous ''Brighton Belle'' train until the Railway electrification system, electrification of the Brighton Main Line in 1933, after which they were converted into N15X class tender locomotives. They remained in service until 1957.
The Glasgow and South Western Railway and a number of other railways also had tank locomotive classes of this wheel arrangement.
* The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway examples were very rare in having four cylinders. Known as the L&YR Hughes 4-6-4T, ''Dreadnought Tanks'', they proved to be too large and too complex for the duties they performed.
* The saturated steam tank locomotives of the Belfast and County Down Railway were spectacularly unsuccessful because of poor valve settings.
* On the other hand, the Furness Railway tank locomotives, also using saturated steam and with inside cylinders, were very popular with their crews.
United States
With the exception of the
Grand Trunk Railway
The Grand Trunk Railway (; french: Grand Tronc) was a railway system that operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario and in the American states of Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The rail ...
's Canadian National 47, K2 Class tank locomotives built in the 1910s, all American 4-6-4 locomotives had tenders.
The first Hudson locomotive in North America was built in 1927 for the
New York Central Railroad
The New York Central Railroad was a railroad primarily operating in the Great Lakes and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The railroad primarily connected greater New York and Boston in the east with Chicago and St. Louis in the Mi ...
(NYC) by the
American Locomotive Company
The American Locomotive Company (often shortened to ALCO, ALCo or Alco) was an American manufacturer of locomotives, diesel generators, steel, and tanks that operated from 1901 to 1969. The company was formed by the merger of seven smaller locomo ...
(ALCO), to the railroad's design. The locomotive proved to be very successful and was named the
Hudson type, after the
Hudson River
The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York. It originates in the Adirondack Mountains of Upstate New York and flows southward through the Hudson Valley to the New York Harbor between Ne ...
. Thirteen of these locomotives, one J-1e type and twelve J-3a types, were streamlined for use with named passenger trains like the ''Empire State Express'' and the ''20th Century Limited''. Between the NYC and its subsidiaries, the Boston & Albany Railroad (B&A), the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St Louis Railway (CCC&StL or ''Big Four'') and the Michigan Central Railroad (MC), they acquired altogether 275 locomotives of several different types, the largest Hudson fleet in North America.
The
Milwaukee Road
The Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (CMStP&P), often referred to as the "Milwaukee Road" , was a Class I railroad that operated in the Midwest and Northwest of the United States from 1847 until 1986.
The company experienced ...
could have produced the first American since its design work was done earlier than that of the NYC, but financial constraints delayed the project and the Milwaukee's locomotives only emerged in 1930. The Milwaukee called them Baltic, following the European practice started in France. The initial order of fourteen Milwaukee Road class F6, Class F6 locomotives was followed by eight more Class F6a locomotives in 1931 and, in 1938, the Milwaukee acquired six streamlined Milwaukee Road class F7, Class F7 Hudsons with the shrouds. These took over the Milwaukee's crack Hiawatha Service, ''Hiawatha'' express trains from the Milwaukee Road class A, Class A 4-4-2 (locomotive), Atlantics and were among the fastest steam locomotives of all time. Similar to the Milwaukee F7s, the Chicago & North Western (CNW) CNW Class E-4, Class E-4 were streamlined 4-6-4s with 84in drivers.
Another early adopter of the 4-6-4 was the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe (Santa Fe) who ordered 10 3450 class 4-6-4 locomotives in 1927 from Baldwin. The 3450 class employed the same boiler as Santa Fe's 3400 class Pacifics with a larger grate and slightly smaller 73 in drivers. Santa Fe designated their new 4-6-4 a "Heavy Pacific". In 1937, Santa Fe substantially modified their 3450 class, reducing tubing, increasing the firebox area, and increasing drivers to 79in. The same year, they ordered 6 more Heavy Pacific 4-6-4s (class 3460) from Baldwin including one streamlined locomotive (the Blue Goose, 3460). Like the F7 and E4, the 3460 class employed drivers. In December 1937, locomotive #3461 set a world record for the longest single run by a steam locomotive by completing the 2,227 miles (3,584 km) from Los Angeles, California to Chicago without maintenance other than five re-fuelling stops en route, hauling Train #8, the Fast Mail Express.
![Aeolus Burlington Steam Streamline locomotive 1937](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Aeolus_Burlington_Steam_Streamline_locomotive_1937.jpg)
In 1937, the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad (Burlington Route) needed backup locomotives for their streamlined diesel-hauled ''Zephyr'' passenger trains. Their solution was to streamline their Baldwin-built no. 3002 in their main Iowa shops. The locomotive was renumbered as Chicago, Burlington and Quincy 4000, No. 4000 and given the name ''Aeolus'', after the mythical keeper of the winds. A second streamlined was built for this purpose and numbered 4001.
There were also some once-off and experimental locomotives. A number were rebuilt from 4-6-2, Pacific locomotives, or in some cases from other designs.
* The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad (B&O) built four as experimental locomotives between 1933 and 1936, using Baltimore and Ohio Railroad locomotives#"Uncle Dan" and Colonel Emerson, Colonel Emerson's water-tube fireboxes, but eventually turned to diesel-electric traction instead.
* In 1937, the Illinois Central Railroad (IC) rebuilt a 2-8-4, 2-8-4 Berkshire into its only Hudson, the Illinois Central No. 1, which was not a success and was not repeated. The railroad had also rebuilt seven 4-6-0s gained with acquisition of the Chesapeake, Ohio and Southwestern Railroad into 4-6-4Ts for easier bi-directional operation. All were scrapped with their line’s electrification finishing in 1928.
* The Wabash Railroad rebuilt its seven Wabash class P1, Class P1 Hudsons from their unsuccessful K-4 and K5 Class 2-8-2, 2-8-2 Mikado locomotives.
*From 1937-1941 the St. Louis-San Francisco Railroad, Frisco Railroad rebuilt their 10 1060 class 1917-built 4-6-2s. While large and powerful they had initially had firebox problems, but the rebuild as hudsons resolved this in addition to further boosting their strength. They received blue streamlining on their running boards and some lasted into the last year of steam on the Frisco in 1952.
*In 1946 the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad rebuilt their five F-19 class pacifics into hudsons, with four of them gaining streamlining. These were in addition the as-built 4-6-4s purchased and to be purchased by the road. They were intended to serve alongside the new streamlined Chesapeake and Ohio class M-1, M-1 class steam turbine locomotives on the new ''Chessie'' service. However, the train's launch was cancelled due to declining post-war passenger numbers, and dieselization meant both the rebuilds and newbuilds were all retired by the mid-1950s. One of the rebuilds, Chesapeake and Ohio 490, 490, has been preserved, still with its streamlining, at the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Museum.
North American production list
![C&O No](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/C%26O_No._490_%22Hudson%22_Steam_Locomotive-Fine.jpg)
Altogether 21 railroads in North America owned s. Many were similar in concept to the NYC Hudsons, with driving wheels, but most were a little larger than the NYC locomotives, such as the F6 and F6a classes of the Milwaukee Road, the class of the
Canadian National
The Canadian National Railway Company (french: Compagnie des chemins de fer nationaux du Canada) is a Canadian Class I freight railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, which serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States.
CN ...
, the
Canadian Pacific
The Canadian Pacific Railway (french: Chemin de fer Canadien Pacifique) , also known simply as CPR or Canadian Pacific and formerly as CP Rail (1968–1996), is a Canadian Class I railway incorporated in 1881. The railway is owned by Canadi ...
locomotives, the class of the Burlington Route, the class of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, New Haven and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western 1151 class, 1151 class of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad, Lackawanna. There were also the lightweights, which include the class of the Nickel Plate Road, the class D of the Maine Central Railroad Company, Maine Central and the class of the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México (N de M). On these, the extra axle was used to reduce the axle load in comparison to a Pacific locomotive.
Because the design was really only optimally suited to express passenger trains, which were dieselised early, the Hudsons were early candidates for withdrawal and scrapping. None of the NYC locomotives survived and neither did any of the Milwaukee locomotives. Five Canadian Pacific Hudsons survive, including four Royal Hudsons and the un-streamlined Canadian Pacific 2816. Five of the Burlington Route locomotives survive, including the ''Aeolus''. Other surviving 4-6-4 locomotives are two each of the Santa Fe and Canadian National, and single examples from the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, N de M and Nickel Plate Road. The Pennsylvania Railroad also owned the PRR P5, P5 class of
electric locomotive
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity from overhead lines, a third rail or on-board energy storage such as a battery or a supercapacitor. Locomotives with on-board fuelled prime movers, such as diesel engines or g ...
s, also with a wheel arrangement.
In Model Railroading
The Lionel Corporation used the 4-6-4 arrangement in several of its locomotives.
These locomotives have become very prized by the public today.
References
External links
{{Authority control
4-6-4 locomotives,
Whyte notation, 6,4-6-4