Tonti, Illinois.
*
June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
–
Neville Bonner
Neville Thomas Bonner AO (28 March 19225 February 1999) was an Australian politician, and the first Aboriginal Australian to become a member of the Parliament of Australia. He was appointed by the Queensland Parliament to fill a casual vacancy ...
becomes the first
Indigenous Australian
Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples ...
to sit in the
Australian Parliament
The Parliament of Australia (officially the Federal Parliament, also called the Commonwealth Parliament) is the legislature, legislative branch of the government of Australia. It consists of three elements: the monarch (represented by the ...
.
*
June 13
Events Pre-1600
* 313 – The decisions of the Edict of Milan, signed by Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius, Valerius Licinius, granting religious freedom throughout the Roman Empire, are published in Nicomedia.
*1325 – Ib ...
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: ''
The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''the Times'', ''NYT'', or the Gray Lady) is a daily newspaper based in New York City with a worldwide readership reported in 2020 to comprise a declining 840,000 paid print subscribers, and a growing 6 million paid ...
'' begins to publish the ''
Pentagon Papers
The ''Pentagon Papers'', officially titled ''Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force'', is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States in the Vietnam War, United States' political and military ...
''.
** Racing drivers
Gijs van Lennep
Gijsbert van Lennep (born 16 March 1942, in Aerdenhout, North Holland) is a Dutch racing driver who competed in eight Formula One races. However his main achievements were in sports car racing. He is a member of the untitled Dutch nobility.
Ca ...
of the Netherlands and
Helmut Marko
Helmut Marko (born 27 April 1943) is an Austrian former professional racing driver and current advisor to the Red Bull GmbH Formula One teams, and head of Red Bull's driver development program.
Biography
Marko was born in Graz, Austria. He wa ...
of Austria win the
24 Hours of Le Mans
The 24 Hours of Le Mans (french: link=no, 24 Heures du Mans) is an endurance-focused Sports car racing, sports car race held annually near the town of Le Mans, France. It is the world's oldest active Endurance racing (motorsport), endurance r ...
in the
Martini Racing
Martini Racing is the name under which various motor racing teams race when sponsored by the Italian company Martini & Rossi, a distillery that produces Martini vermouth in Turin. Martini's sponsorship program began in 1958 as Martini Internati ...
Porsche 917
The Porsche 917 is a sports prototype race car developed by German manufacturer Porsche to exploit the regulations regarding the construction of 5-litre sports cars. Powered by a Type 912 flat-12 engine which was progressively enlarged from ...
K.
*
June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
– Norway begins oil production in the
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...
.
*
June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
* 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
** Representatives of Japan and the United States sign the
Okinawa Reversion Agreement
The was an agreement between the United States and Japan in which the United States relinquished in favor of Japan all rights and interests under Article III of the Treaty of San Francisco, which had been obtained as a result of the Pacific War, ...
, whereby the U.S. will return control of
Okinawa
is a prefecture of Japan. Okinawa Prefecture is the southernmost and westernmost prefecture of Japan, has a population of 1,457,162 (as of 2 February 2020) and a geographic area of 2,281 km2 (880 sq mi).
Naha is the capital and largest city ...
.
** President
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
declares the U.S.
War on Drugs
The war on drugs is a Globalization, global campaign, led by the United States federal government, of prohibition of drugs, drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention, with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the Unite ...
.
*
June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
–
Southwest Airlines
Southwest Airlines Co., typically referred to as Southwest, is one of the major airlines of the United States and the world's largest low-cost carrier. It is headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and has scheduled service to 121 destinations in the U ...
, a
low-cost carrier
A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (occasionally referred to as '' no-frills'', ''budget'' or '' discount carrier'' or ''airline'', and abbreviated as ''LCC'') is an airline that is operated with an especially high emphasis on minimizing op ...
, begins its first flights between
Dallas
Dallas () is the List of municipalities in Texas, third largest city in Texas and the largest city in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, the List of metropolitan statistical areas, fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States at 7.5 ...
,
Houston
Houston (; ) is the most populous city in Texas, the most populous city in the Southern United States, the fourth-most populous city in the United States, and the sixth-most populous city in North America, with a population of 2,304,580 in ...
and
San Antonio
("Cradle of Freedom")
, image_map =
, mapsize = 220px
, map_caption = Interactive map of San Antonio
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = United States
, subdivision_type1= U.S. state, State
, subdivision_name1 = Texas
, s ...
.
*
June 20 – Britain announces that Soviet space scientist
Anatoli Fedoseyev
Anatoli ( el, Ανατολή) is a town and a former municipality in the Ioannina regional unit, Epirus, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Ioannina
Ioannina ( el, Ιωάννινα ' ), often call ...
has been granted asylum.
*
June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
– Britain begins new negotiations for
EEC
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...
membership in Luxembourg.
*
June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
–
Madagascar
Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...
accuses the U.S. of conspiring to oust the government; the U.S. recalls its ambassador.
*
June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
– Concert promoter
Bill Graham closes the legendary
Fillmore East
The Fillmore East was rock promoter Bill Graham's rock venue on Second Avenue near East 6th Street in the (at the time) Lower East Side neighborhood, now called the East Village neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan of New York City. ...
, which first opened on 2nd Avenue in New York City on March 8, 1968.
*
June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
– Assassin Jerome A. Johnson shoots
Joe Colombo
Joseph Anthony Colombo Sr. (; June 16, 1923 – May 22, 1978) was the boss of the Colombo crime family, one of the Five Families of the American Mafia in New York City.
Colombo was born in New York City, where his father was an early member ...
, boss of his eponymous crime family, in the head during an
Italian-American
Italian Americans ( it, italoamericani or ''italo-americani'', ) are Americans who have full or partial Italian ancestry. The largest concentrations of Italian Americans are in the urban Northeast and industrial Midwestern metropolitan areas, w ...
rally, putting him in a coma.
*
June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
** After a successful mission aboard ''
Salyut 1
Salyut 1 (DOS-1) (russian: Салют-1) was the world's first space station launched into low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on April 19, 1971. The Salyut program followed this with five more successful launches of seven more stations. The fi ...
'', the world's first human-occupied space station, the crew of the ''
Soyuz 11
Soyuz 11 (russian: link=no, Союз 11, lit=Union 11) was the only crewed mission to board the world's first space station, Salyut 1 (Soyuz 10 had soft-docked, but had not been able to enter due to latching problems). The crew, Georgy Dobrov ...
'' spacecraft die after their air supply leaks out through a faulty valve.
** ''
New York Times Co. v. United States
''New York Times Co. v. United States'', 403 U.S. 713 (1971), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States on the First Amendment right of Freedom of the Press. The ruling made it possible for ''The New York Times'' and ''The ...
'': The
U.S. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
rules that the ''
Pentagon Papers
The ''Pentagon Papers'', officially titled ''Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force'', is a United States Department of Defense history of the United States in the Vietnam War, United States' political and military ...
'' may be published, rejecting government injunctions as unconstitutional
prior restraint
Prior restraint (also referred to as prior censorship or pre-publication censorship) is censorship imposed, usually by a government or institution, on expression, that prohibits particular instances of expression. It is in contrast to censorship ...
.
** The musical fantasy film ''
Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory
''Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory'' is a 1971 American musical fantasy film directed by Mel Stuart and starring Gene Wilder as Willy Wonka. It is an adaptation of the 1964 novel ''Charlie and the Chocolate Factory'' by Roald Dahl. The film ...
'', based on the novel ''
Charlie & the Chocolate Factory'' and starring
Gene Wilder
Jerome Silberman (June 11, 1933 – August 29, 2016), known professionally as Gene Wilder, was an American actor, comedian, writer and filmmaker. He is known mainly for his comedic roles, but also for his portrayal of Willy Wonka in ''Willy Won ...
and
Jack Albertson
Harold Albertson (June 16, 1907 – November 25, 1981), known professionally as Jack Albertson, was an American actor, comedian, dancer and singer who also performed in variety. Albertson was a Tony, Oscar, and Emmy winning actor. For his perfor ...
, is released.
July
![World Trade Center Skyline at Night (29143322320)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/World_Trade_Center_Skyline_at_Night_%2829143322320%29.jpg)
* July –
Nordic Council
The Nordic Council is the official body for formal inter-parliamentary Nordic cooperation among the Nordic countries. Formed in 1952, it has 87 representatives from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden as well as from the autonomou ...
secretariat inaugurated.
*
July 3
Events Pre-1600
* 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...
–
Jim Morrison
James Douglas Morrison (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American singer, poet and songwriter who was the lead vocalist of the Rock music, rock band the Doors. Due to his wild personality, poetic lyrics, distinctive voice, unpredicta ...
, lead singer of
The Doors
The Doors were an American Rock music, rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They were among the most controversial and influential ro ...
, dies of a
heart failure
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome, a group of signs and symptoms caused by an impairment of the heart's blood pumping function. Symptoms typically include shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, a ...
due to a
heroin overdose
An opioid overdose is toxicity due to excessive consumption of opioids, such as morphine, codeine, heroin, fentanyl, tramadol, and methadone. This preventable pathology can be fatal if it leads to respiratory depression, a lethal condition tha ...
at the age of
27 in the bathtub of his apartment on the 3rd floor of the
Rue Beautreillis
Rue Beautreillis is a street in The Marais, a historic area of the 4th arrondissement in central Paris, France.
Location and access
Rue Beautreillis, almost parallel to the Rue Saint-Paul and Rue du Petit-Musc, begins at Rue des Lions-Sain ...
17 in
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
,
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
*
July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
**
Michael S. Hart posts the first
e-book
An ebook (short for electronic book), also known as an e-book or eBook, is a book publication made available in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, readable on the flat-panel display of computers or other electronic devices. Alt ...
, a copy of the
United States Declaration of Independence
The United States Declaration of Independence, formally The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen States of America, is the pronouncement and founding document adopted by the Second Continental Congress meeting at Pennsylvania State House ...
, on the
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign
The University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U of I, Illinois, University of Illinois, or UIUC) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana. It is the flagship institution of the Universit ...
's
mainframe computer
A mainframe computer, informally called a mainframe or big iron, is a computer used primarily by large organizations for critical applications like bulk data processing for tasks such as censuses, industry and consumer statistics, enterpris ...
, the origin of
Project Gutenberg
Project Gutenberg (PG) is a Virtual volunteering, volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks."
It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the ...
.
** The first plane lands at
Seychelles International Airport
Seychelles International Airport , or ''Aéroport de la Pointe Larue'' in French, is the international airport of the Seychelles located on the island of Mahé near the capital city of Victoria. The airport is the home base and the head office ...
in
Victoria, Seychelles
Victoria () is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Seychelles, situated on the north-eastern side of Mahé island, the archipelago's main island. The city was first established as the seat of the British colonial government. In 2010 ...
(
Mahe).
*
July 5
Events Pre-1600
* 328 – The official opening of Constantine's Bridge (Danube), Constantine's Bridge built over the Danube between Sucidava (Corabia, Romania) and Oescus (Gigen, Bulgaria) by the Roman Empire, Roman architect Theophilus Pa ...
–
Right to vote
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise, is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to v ...
: The
26th Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Twenty-sixth Amendment (Amendment XXVI) to the United States Constitution prohibits the states and the federal government from using age as a reason for denying the Voting rights in the United States, right to vote to citizens of the United ...
, formally certified by President
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
, lowers the voting age from 21 to 18.
*
July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
–
Hastings Banda
Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1898 – 25 November 1997) was the Prime Minister of Malawi, prime minister and later President of Malawi, president of Malawi from 1964 to 1994 (from 1964 to 1966, Malawi was an independent Dominion / Commonwealth realm) ...
is proclaimed
President for Life of
Malawi
Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...
.
*
July 9
Events Pre-1600
*118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome.
* 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...
– The United Kingdom increases the number of its troops in
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
to 11,000.
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
–
11 – Coup attempt in
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
: 1,400 cadets take over the king's palace for three hours and kill 28 people; 158 rebels die when the king's troops storm the palace (ten high-ranking officers are later executed for involvement).
*
July 10
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Emperor Hadrian of Rome dies of heart failure at his residence on the bay of Naples, Baiae; he is buried at Rome in the Tomb of Hadrian beside his late wife, Vibia Sabina.
* 645 – Isshi Incident: Prin ...
–
Gloria Steinem
Gloria Marie Steinem (; born March 25, 1934) is an American journalist and social-political activist who emerged as a nationally recognized leader of second-wave feminism
Second-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity that began in ...
makes her
Address to the Women of America
On July 10, 1971, at the founding of the National Women's Political Caucus, National Women's Political Caucus (NWPC) in Washington, D.C., NWPC co-founder Gloria Steinem delivered an Address to the Women of America. The speech furthered the ideas o ...
.
*
July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...
–
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkis ...
mines in
Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...
are nationalized.
*
July 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
* 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
*1260 – The Livon ...
**
Ólafur Jóhannesson
Ólafur Jóhannesson (1 March 1913 – 20 May 1984) was the prime minister of Iceland for the Progressive Party on two occasions. He was a member of the Progressive Party, serving as party chairman during the 1970s.
Career
Ólafur was educat ...
forms a government in
Iceland
Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...
.
**
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
ian army troops launch an offensive against Palestinian guerillas in Jordan.
** The
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...
n government begins allowing foreign companies to take their profits from the country.
**
Reggie Jackson
Reginald Martinez Jackson (born May 18, 1946) is an American former professional baseball right fielder who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, New York Yankees, and Cali ...
's long
home run
In baseball, a home run (abbreviated HR) is scored when the ball is hit in such a way that the batter is able to circle the bases and reach home plate safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team. A home run i ...
, which hits a transformer on the roof of
Tiger Stadium, helps the
American League
The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada. It developed from the Western League, a minor league ...
defeat the
National League
The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest extant professional team s ...
6–4 in the
Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), ...
All-Star Game
An all-star game is an exhibition game that purports to showcase the best players (the "stars") of a sports league. The exhibition is between two teams organized solely for the event, usually representing the league's teams based on region or div ...
in
Detroit
Detroit ( , ; , ) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is also the largest U.S. city on the United States–Canada border, and the seat of government of Wayne County. The City of Detroit had a population of 639,111 at th ...
.
*
July 14
Events Pre-1600
* 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
* 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
* 1420 ...
–
Libya
Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
severs its diplomatic ties with
Morocco
Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...
.
*
July 15
Events Pre-1600
*484 BC – Dedication of the Temple of Castor and Pollux in ancient Rome
* 70 – First Jewish–Roman War: Titus and his armies breach the walls of Jerusalem. ( 17th of Tammuz in the Hebrew calendar).
* 756 – ...
– American President
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
announces his
1972 visit to China.
*
July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
* 1048 – Damas ...
– Italy and Austria sign a treaty that ends the dispute (''Südtirolfrage'') regarding
South Tyrol
it, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano – Alto Adige lld, Provinzia Autonoma de Balsan/Bulsan – Südtirol
, settlement_type = Autonomous province
, image_skyline =
, image_alt ...
.
*
July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
– The
Trucial States
The Trucial States ( '), also known as the Trucial Coast ( '), the Trucial Sheikhdoms ( '), Trucial Arabia or Trucial Oman, was the name the British government gave to a group of tribal confederations in southeastern Arabia whose leaders had s ...
are formed in the
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
.
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...
– The South Tower of the
World Trade Center
World Trade Centers are sites recognized by the World Trade Centers Association.
World Trade Center may refer to:
Buildings
* List of World Trade Centers
* World Trade Center (2001–present), a building complex that includes five skyscrapers, a ...
in
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
tops out at , making it the second-tallest building in the world.
*
July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...
–
23 – Major
Hashem al-Atta ousts Jaafar Muhammad al-Nimeiri in a military coup in
Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
. Fighting continues until
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
, when pro-Nimeiri troops regain power. Al-Atta and three officers are executed.
*
July 22
Events Pre-1600
* 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids.
*1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...
** A
BOAC
British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) was the British state-owned airline created in 1939 by the merger of Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. It continued operating overseas services throughout World War II. After the passi ...
flight from London to Khartoum is ordered to land at
Benghazi, Libya
Benghazi () , ; it, Bengasi; tr, Bingazi; ber, Bernîk, script=Latn; also: ''Bengasi'', ''Benghasi'', ''Banghāzī'', ''Binghāzī'', ''Bengazi''; grc, Βερενίκη (''Berenice'') and ''Hesperides''., group=note (''lit. Son of he Ghazi ...
, where two leaders of the unsuccessful Sudanese coup, travelling as passengers, are forced to leave the plane and are subsequently executed.
** A
partial solar eclipse
A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...
is visible from Asia and North America, and is the 70th and final solar eclipse of
Solar Saros 116
Saros cycle series 116 for solar eclipses occurs at the Moon's descending node, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 70 events. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon's descending node.
This solar saros is linked to Lunar Saros 1 ...
.
*
July 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
* 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Sti ...
–
Georgina Rizk
Georgina Rizk ( ar, جورجينا رزق, Jūrjīnā Rizq, born 23 July 1953) is a Lebanese model, socialite, and beauty queen. She represented Lebanon at the Miss Universe pageant and won, making her the first Lebanese and Middle Eastern/West ...
of
Lebanon
Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, while Cyprus li ...
is crowned
Miss Universe 1971
Miss Universe 1971 was the 20th Miss Universe pageant, held at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Florida, United States on 24 July 1971.
At the end of the event, Marisol Malaret of Puerto Rico crowned Georgina Rizk of Lebanon as Mis ...
.
*
July 25
Events Pre-1600
* 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops.
* 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...
–
30 –
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli
Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli (; 5 January 1920 – 12 June 1995) was an Italian classical pianist. He is considered one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century. According to ''The New York Times'', he was perhaps the most reclusive, e ...
records two
Debussy
(Achille) Claude Debussy (; 22 August 1862 – 25 March 1918) was a French composer. He is sometimes seen as the first Impressionist composer, although he vigorously rejected the term. He was among the most influential composers of the ...
works in
Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
for
Deutsche Grammophon
Deutsche Grammophon (; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of ...
, his fifth recording.
*
July 26
Events Pre-1600
* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...
– Apollo 15 (carrying astronauts David Scott, Alfred Worden and James Irwin) is launched.
* July 28 – Abdel Khaliq Mahjub,
Sudan
Sudan ( or ; ar, السودان, as-Sūdān, officially the Republic of the Sudan ( ar, جمهورية السودان, link=no, Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa. It shares borders with the Central African Republic t ...
ese communist leader, is hanged.
* July 29 – The United Kingdom opts out of the Space Race with the cancellation of its Black Arrow launch vehicle.
* July 30 – In Japan, All Nippon Airways Flight 58, an All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 collides with a Japanese fighter jet; 162 people are killed.
* July 31 – Apollo 15 astronauts David Scott and James Irwin become the first to ride in the Lunar Roving Vehicle, a day after landing on the Moon.
August
* August – Camden, New Jersey erupts in race riots, with looting and arson, following the beating death of a Puerto Rican people, Puerto Rican motorist by city police. Also in 1971, Philadelphia International Records is established, with Camden native Leon Huff as co-founder.
* August 1 – In New York City, 40,000 attend The Concert for Bangladesh.
* August 2 – J. C. Penney debuts its trademark Helvetica wordmark which has been used ever since.
* August 5 – The South Pacific Forum (SPF) is established.
* August 6 – A August 1971 lunar eclipse, total lunar eclipse lasting 1 hour, 40 minutes, and 4 seconds is observed, visible from South America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia, and is the 38th lunar eclipse of Lunar Saros 128.
* August 7 – Apollo 15 returns to Earth.
* August 9
** India signs a 20-year treaty of friendship and cooperation with the
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
.
** Internment in
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
: British security forces arrest hundreds of Irish nationalism, nationalists and detain them without trial in Maze (HM Prison), Long Kesh prison; 20 people die in the riots that follow.
* August 10 – ''Mr. Tickle'', the first book in the ''Mr. Men'' series is first published.
* August 11 – Construction begins on the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans.
* August 12 –
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
severs diplomatic relations with
Jordan
Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...
because of border clashes.
* August 14
** British troops are stationed on the Ireland border to stop arms smuggling.
** Bahrain declares independence as the State of Bahrain ( officially the Kingdom of Bahrain).
* August 15
** Jackie Stewart becomes Formula One World Drivers' Champion in the Tyrrell Racing, Tyrrell Tyrrell 003, 003-Cosworth.
** The number of British troops in Northern Ireland is raised to 12,500.
** President
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
announces that the United States will no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value, effectively ending the Bretton Woods system. He also imposes a 90-day freeze on wages, prices and rents.
* August 16 –
Hastings Banda
Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1898 – 25 November 1997) was the Prime Minister of Malawi, prime minister and later President of Malawi, president of Malawi from 1964 to 1994 (from 1964 to 1966, Malawi was an independent Dominion / Commonwealth realm) ...
, President of
Malawi
Malawi (; or aláwi Tumbuka: ''Malaŵi''), officially the Republic of Malawi, is a landlocked country in Southeastern Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north and northeast ...
, becomes the first black president to visit South Africa.
* August 18
**
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
: Australia and New Zealand decide to withdraw their troops from Vietnam.
** British troops are engaged in a firefight with the Irish Republican Army, IRA in Derry,
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
.
* August 19–August 22, 22 – A right-wing coup ignites a rebellion in Bolivia. Miners and students join troops to support president Juan José Torres, but eventually Hugo Banzer takes over.
* August 20
** International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat) (effective February 12, 1973).
** The USS Manatee (AO-58), USS ''Manatee'' spills of fuel oil on Richard Nixon, President Nixon's Western White House beach in San Clemente, California.
** A Solar eclipse of August 20, 1971, partial solar eclipse is visible from Southern Ocean, and is the 4th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 154.
* August 21 – A bomb made of two hand grenades by communist rebels explodes in the Liberal Party (Philippines), Liberal Party campaign party in Plaza Miranda bombing, Plaza Miranda in Quiapo, Manila the Philippines, injuring several anti-Ferdinand Marcos, Marcos political candidates.
* August 25
** Border clashes occur between Tanzania and
Uganda
}), is a landlocked country in East Africa
East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. In the United Nations Statistics Division scheme of geographic regions, 10-11-(16*) territor ...
.
**
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
and eastern Bengal are flooded; thousands flee the area.
* August 26 – A civilian government takes power in Greece.
* August 30 – The Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta, Progressive Conservatives under Peter Lougheed defeat the Social Credit Party of Alberta, Social Credit government under Harry Strom, Harry E. Strom in a general election, ending 36 years of uninterrupted power for Social Credit in Alberta.
September
* September – Operation Sourisak Montry VIII opens when forces of the Royal Thai Army recapture several positions in the territory of
Laos
Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...
on the south bank of the Mekong in response to an encroaching Chinese presence to the north.
* September 2
** The United Arab Republic is renamed to the Arab Republic of Egypt
* September 3
** Qatar gains independence from the United Kingdom. Unlike most nearby emirates, Qatar declines to become part of either the United Arab Emirates or Saudi Arabia.
** Manlio Brosio resigns as NATO Secretary General.
* September 4 – A Boeing 727 (Alaska Airlines Flight 1866) crashes into the side of a mountain near Juneau, Alaska, killing all 111 people on board.
** The Free State of Christiania is founded.
* September 8 – In Washington, D.C., the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts is inaugurated, with the opening feature being the premiere of Leonard Bernstein's ''Mass (Bernstein), Mass''.
* September 9 – English musician John Lennon releases his second studio album Imagine (John Lennon album), Imagine.
* September 9–September 13, 13 – Attica Prison riot: A revolt breaks out at the maximum-security prison in Attica (town), New York, Attica, New York. In the end, state police and the United States National Guard storm the facility; 42 are killed, 10 of them hostages.
*
* September 17 – Hugo L. Black retires as an Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
after serving for 34 years, at this time a record for longevity; Black dies eight days later.
* September 19 – Trams in Ballarat (Victoria, Australia) cease to run.
* September 21 –
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
declares a state of emergency.
* September 24 – Britain expels 90 KGB and GRU officials; 15 are not allowed to return.
* September 27–October 11 – Japanese Emperor Hirohito travels abroad.
* September 28 – Cardinal (Catholic Church), Cardinal József Mindszenty, who has taken refuge in the U.S. Embassy in Budapest since 1956, is allowed to leave Hungary.
* September 29 – A cyclone in the Bay of Bengal, in the Indian state of Odisha, kills 10,000.
October
* October 1 – Walt Disney World opens in Orlando, Florida.
* October 4–October 7, 7 – Pink Floyd record their groundbreaking film, ''Pink Floyd: Live at Pompeii'' at the Amphitheatre of Pompeii.
* October 13 – The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Baltimore Orioles 4–3 in Game 4 of the 1971 World Series, World Series Three Rivers Stadium, at home in the first ever
Major League Baseball
Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world. MLB is composed of 30 total teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), ...
postseason game played at night. The Pirates defeat the Orioles 2–1 in the decisive Game 7 at Baltimore four days later.
* October 14 – Greenpeace is founded in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
* October 17 – The Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Baltimore Orioles to win the 1971 World Series.
* October 18 – In New York City, the Knapp Commission begins public hearings on police corruption.
* October 21
** U.S. President
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
nominates Lewis Franklin Powell Jr. and William H. Rehnquist to the
U.S. Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
.
** The Clarkston explosion in Scotland, caused by a gas leak, kills 22 people.
* October 24 – Texas Stadium opens in Irving, Texas. In the inaugural game, the host Dallas Cowboys defeat the New England Patriots 44–21.
* October 25 – The United Nations General Assembly admits the People's Republic of China and expels the Republic of China (or Taiwan).
* October 27 – The Democratic Republic of the Congo is renamed Zaire.
* October 28
** The House of Commons of the United Kingdom votes 356–244 in favour of joining the European Economic Community.
** The United Kingdom becomes the sixth nation successfully to launch a satellite into orbit using its own launch vehicle, the Prospero (satellite), Prospero (X-3) experimental communications satellite, using a Black Arrow carrier rocket from Woomera, South Australia.
** The Khedivial Opera House in Cairo, Egypt, burns down.
* October 29 –
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...
– Vietnamization: The total number of American troops still in Vietnam drops to a record low of 196,700 (the lowest since January 1966).
* October 30 – Rev. Ian Paisley founds the Democratic Unionist Party in
Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland ( ga, Tuaisceart Éireann ; sco, label= Ulster-Scots, Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom, situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, that is variously described as a country, province or region. Nort ...
.
* October 31
** A bomb explodes at the top of the BT Tower, Post Office Tower in London.
** ''Meddle'', the critically acclaimed album by progressive rock band Pink Floyd, is released.
November
*Erin Pizzey establishes the world's first domestic violence shelter in Chiswick, London.
* November 3 – The ''Unix, UNIX Programmer's Manual'' is published.
* November 6 – Operation Grommet: The U.S. tests a thermonuclear warhead at Amchitka Island in Alaska, code-named Project Cannikin. At around 5 megatons, it is the largest ever U.S. underground nuclear testing, underground detonation.
* November 8 –
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group comprised vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. With a heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are ci ...
release their fourth studio album ''Led Zeppelin IV'', which goes on to sell 23,000,000 copies in the United States.
* November 9 – A Royal Air Force C-130 1971 RAF Hercules crash, crashes into the Ligurian Sea near Leghorn, Italy, killing all 51 people on board.
* November 10 – In
Cambodia
Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
, Khmer Rouge forces attack Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging 9 airplanes.
* November 11 – The english Rock music, rock band Pink Floyd releases its sixth studio album, Meddle.
* November 12 – Vietnam War – Vietnamization: U.S. President Richard M. Nixon sets February 1, 1972, as the deadline for the removal of another 45,000 American troops from Vietnam.
* November 13 –
Mariner program
The Mariner program was conducted by the American space agency NASA to explore other planets. Between 1962 and late 1973, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) designed and built 10 robotic interplanetary probes named Mariner to explore the in ...
: ''
Mariner 9
Mariner 9 (Mariner Mars '71 / Mariner-I) was a robotic spacecraft that contributed greatly to the exploration of Mars and was part of the NASA Mariner program. Mariner 9 was launched toward Mars on May 30, 1971 from LC-36B at Cape Canaveral Air ...
'' becomes the first spacecraft to enter
Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury (planet), Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Mars (mythology), Roman god of war. Mars is a terr ...
orbit successfully.
* November 14 – Pope Shenouda III of Alexandria is enthroned.
* November 15
** Intel releases the world's first microprocessor, the Intel 4004.
** International Organization and System of Space Communications (Intersputnik) is founded (effective July 12, 1972).
* November 18 – Oman gains independence from the United Kingdom.
* November 20 – A bridge still under construction, called Elevado Engenheiro Freyssinet, falls over the Paulo de Frontin Avenue, in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil
Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...
; 48 people are killed and several injured. Reconstructed, the bridge is a part of the Linha Vermelha elevate.
* November 22 – In Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the Cairngorm Plateau disaster, five children and one of their leaders are found dead from Hypothermia, exposure in the Scottish mountains.
* November 23 – The People's Republic of China takes the Republic of China's seat on the United Nations Security Council (see China and the United Nations).
* November 24
** During a severe storm over
Washington
Washington commonly refers to:
* Washington (state), United States
* Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States
** A metonym for the federal government of the United States
** Washington metropolitan area, the metropolitan area centered o ...
State, a man calling himself D. B. Cooper parachutes from the Northwest Orient Airlines plane he had hijacked, with US$200,000 in ransom money, and is never seen again (as of November 2022, this case remains the only unsolved skyjacking in history).
** A Brussels court sentences pretender Alexis Brimeyer to 18 months in jail for falsely using a noble title; Brimeyer has already fled to Greece.
* November 28 – The 59th Grey Cup, 59th Grey Cup Game sees the Calgary Stampeders beat the Toronto Argonauts 14–11.
* November 30 – Iranian forces occupy the
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf ( fa, خلیج فارس, translit=xalij-e fârs, lit=Gulf of Persis, Fars, ), sometimes called the ( ar, اَلْخَلِيْجُ ٱلْعَرَبِيُّ, Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a Mediterranean sea (oceanography), me ...
islands of Abu Musa (joint occupation by agreement with Sharjah) and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs (taken by force from Ras Al Khaimah).
December
* December 1 – Cambodian Civil War: Khmer Rouge rebels intensify assaults on
Cambodia
Cambodia (; also Kampuchea ; km, កម្ពុជា, UNGEGN: ), officially the Kingdom of Cambodia, is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia, spanning an area of , bordered by Thailand t ...
n government positions, forcing their retreat from Kompong Thmar and nearby Ba Ray, 10 kilometers northeast of Phnom Penh.
* December 2
**Six of the seven
Trucial States
The Trucial States ( '), also known as the Trucial Coast ( '), the Trucial Sheikhdoms ( '), Trucial Arabia or Trucial Oman, was the name the British government gave to a group of tribal confederations in southeastern Arabia whose leaders had s ...
combine in an act of union to found the United Arab Emirates.
**The Soviet Union, Soviet Mars 3, Mars 3 lander reaches the surface of
Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System, only being larger than Mercury (planet), Mercury. In the English language, Mars is named for the Mars (mythology), Roman god of war. Mars is a terr ...
, transmits for a few seconds and then goes silent. It is the first spacecraft to reach the planet.
* December 3 – The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 begins with Operation Chengiz Khan as Pakistan launches preemptive attacks on nine Indian airbases. The next day India launches a massive invasion of East Pakistan.
* December 3–December 4, 4 – The
Pakistan
Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...
i submarine PNS Ghazi, PNS ''Ghazi'' (former ) sinks mysteriously near the Indian coast while laying mines.
* December 4
** The Montreux Casino burns down during a Frank Zappa concert (the event is memorialized in the Deep Purple song "Smoke on the Water"). The casino is rebuilt in 1975.
** The McGurk's Bar bombing by the Ulster Volunteer Force in
Belfast
Belfast ( , ; from ga, Béal Feirste , meaning 'mouth of the sand-bank ford') is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, standing on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast. It is the 12th-largest city in the United Kingdo ...
kills 15.
*December 7 – Battle of Sylhet rages between the Pakistan Armed Forces, Pakistani military and the Mukti Bahini.
[Battle Of Sylhet. Defence India]
* December 8 – U.S. President
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and was ...
orders the 7th Fleet to move towards the Bay of Bengal in the Indian Ocean.
* December 10 – The John Sinclair Freedom Rally in support of the imprisoned activist features a performance by John Lennon at Crisler Arena, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
* December 11 –
Nihat Erim
İsmail Nihat Erim (30 November 1912 – 19 July 1980) was a Turkish politician and jurist. He served as the 13th Prime Minister of Turkey for almost 14 months after the 1971 Turkish military memorandum. He was assassinated by the Revolutionar ...
forms the new government of
Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...
(34th government; Nihat Erim has served two times as prime minister).
* December 16 – ''Victory Day of Bangladesh'': The Pakistan, Pakistan Army in
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was a Pakistani province established in 1955 by the One Unit Scheme, One Unit Policy, renaming the province as such from East Bengal, which, in modern times, is split between India and Bangladesh. Its land borders were with India ...
(now
Bangladesh
Bangladesh (}, ), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. It is the eighth-most populous country in the world, with a population exceeding 165 million people in an area of . Bangladesh is among the mos ...
) surrenders to the joint forces of India and the Bengali nationalist separatists, ending the Bangladesh Liberation War.
* December 18
** The U.S. dollar is devalued for the second time in history.
** The world's largest hydroelectric plant in Krasnoyarsk,
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
, begins operations.
* December 19
** Clube Atlético Mineiro wins the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, Brazil Football Championship.
** Intelsat IV F-3, Intelsat IV (F3) is launched; it enters commercial service over the Atlantic Ocean February 18, 1972.
** The controversial dystopian crime film ''A Clockwork Orange (film), A Clockwork Orange'', directed by Stanley Kubrick is released in New York City.
* December 20 – Two groups of French doctors involved in humanitarian aid merge to form Médecins Sans Frontières.
* December 24
** Giovanni Leone is elected President of the Italian Republic.
** Juliane Koepcke survives a fall of 10,000 feet following disintegration of LANSA Flight 508.
* December 25
** In the longest American football game in National Football League history, the Miami Dolphins beat the Kansas City Chiefs 27-24 after 82 minutes, 40 seconds of playing time. Garo Yepremian kicked the winning 37-yard field goal after 7:40 of the second overtime period.
** Daeyeonggak Hotel fire: A fire at a 22-story hotel in Seoul, South Korea, kills 158 people.
*December 26
**Former teacher Patrick Critton hijacks Air Canada Flight 932, diverting the flight from Canada to Cuba. He would remain a fugitive for almost 30 years.
** The first reported sighting of the Nullarbor Nymph in Australia was made. The story traveled around the world until it was proven to be a hoax in 1972.
* December 29 – The United Kingdom gives up its military bases in Malta.
* December 30 – The first McDonald's in Australia opens in Yagoona, New South Wales, Yagoona, Sydney.
Date unknown
* Ray Tomlinson sends the first ARPANET e-mail between host computers, in late 1971
* Crude oil production peaks in the continental United States at approximately .
* The Center for Science in the Public Interest is established in the United States.
* Bulant (automobile), Bulanti motorcar built in Australia.
Births
January
![Mary J](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Mary_J._Blige_April_2020.png)
* January 1 – Sammie Henson, American wrestler, Olympic silver medalist
*
January 2
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor.
* 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...
** Taye Diggs, American actor
** Renée Elise Goldsberry, American actress, singer and songwriter
* January 3 – Shireen Abu Akleh, Palestinian/American journalist (d. 2022)
* January 7
** DJ Ötzi, Austrian entertainer and singer
** Jeremy Renner, American actor, singer and producer
* January 11 – Mary J. Blige, American singer
*
January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
** Arman Alizad, Iranian-born Finnish tailor and television presenter
** Peter Madsen, Danish entrepreneur, engineer, and convicted murderer
*
January 14
Events Pre-1600
*1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.
*1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
1601–1900
*1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...
– Lasse Kjus, Norwegian alpine skier
*
January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– Regina King, American actress
* January 17 – Kid Rock, American rock singer
*
January 18
Events Pre-1600
* 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later.
* 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail.
* 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...
** Pep Guardiola, Spanish football player and manager of Manchester City F.C.
** Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan writer (d. 2019)
*
January 19
Events Pre-1600
* 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire.
* 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...
– Shawn Wayans, American actor
* January 20 – Gary Barlow, British singer-songwriter
* January 26 – Li Ming (footballer, born 1971), Li Ming, Chinese footballer and football executive
* January 27 – Sudantha Dias, cricketer
*
January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
– Patricia Velásquez, Venezuelan actress and model
February
![Sean Astin by Gage Skidmore](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/Sean_Astin_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg)
* February 1
** Michael C. Hall, American actor
** Zlatko Zahovič, Slovenian footballer
* February 3 – Sarah Kane, English playwright (d. 1999)
*
February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
** Fatmir Limaj, Albanian politician
** Rob Corddry, American actor and comedian
*
February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– Sara Evans, American country music singer
*
February 8
Events Pre-1600
* 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
*1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...
– Andrus Veerpalu, Estonian cross-country skier
*
February 10
Events Pre-1600
* 1258 – Mongol invasions: Baghdad falls to the Mongols, bringing the Islamic Golden Age to an end.
* 1306 – In front of the high altar of Greyfriars Church in Dumfries, Robert the Bruce murders John Comyn, sparkin ...
** Lorena Rojas, Mexican actress (d. 2015)
** Lisa Marie Varon, American professional wrestler
*
February 11
Events Pre-1600
*660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
* 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...
** Damian Lewis, English actor and producer
** Susi Susanti, Indonesian badminton player
*
February 13
Events Pre-1600
* 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome.
*1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.
*1462 – The ...
– Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player
*
February 14
Events Pre-1600
* 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt.
* 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...
** Kris Aquino, Filipina actress
** Tommy Dreamer, American professional wrestler
** Viscera (wrestler), Viscera, American professional wrestler (d. 2014)
** Noriko Sakai, Japanese singer and actress
*
February 15
Events Pre-1600
* 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus
* 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia.
* 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...
** Alex Borstein, American actress, voice artist, producer and screenwriter
** Renee O'Connor, American actress
*
February 16
Events Pre-1600
* 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire.
* 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...
** Jack Rose (guitarist), Jack Rose, American guitarist (d. 2009)
** Amanda Holden, British actress
* February 17 – Denise Richards, American actress
* February 18 – Thomas Bjørn, Danish golfer
** Hiep Thi Le, Vietnamese-American actress and restaurateur (d. 2017)
* February 19
** Gil Shaham, Israeli/American violinist
** Jeff Kinney, American author
*
February 20
Events Pre-1600
*1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated.
*1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...
** Calpernia Addams, American actress
** Jari Litmanen, Finnish footballer
** Joost van der Westhuizen, South African rugby football player (d. 2017)
* February 22 – Lea Salonga, Filipino singer and actress
* February 24
** Pedro de la Rosa, Spanish Formula One driver
** Gillian Flynn, American author, comic book writer, and screenwriter
*
February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
** Sean Astin, American actor, voice actor, director, and producer
** Nova Peris, Australian athlete and politician
** Daniel Powter, Canadian rock musician
*
February 26
Events Pre-1600
*747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events.
* 364 – Valentinian I is p ...
** Erykah Badu, American singer-songwriter and record producer
** Max Martin, Swedish music producer and songwriter
*
February 27
Events Pre-1600
* 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity.
* 425 – The University of Constantinople ...
– Rozonda Thomas, African-American singer
March
![Jon Hamm at PaleyFest 2014](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Jon_Hamm_at_PaleyFest_2014.jpg)
*
March 1
Events Pre-1600
*509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia.
* 293 – Emperor ...
** Allen Johnson, American Olympic athlete
** Ma Dong-seok, Korean American actor
*
March 2
Events Pre-1600
* 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...
** Method Man, American rapper, record producer, and actor
** Karel Rada, Czech footballer
*
March 4
Events Pre-1600
*AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth).
* 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia.
* 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...
– Jovan Stanković, Serbian footballer
*
March 5
Events Pre-1600
* 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death.
* 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...
– Yuri Lowenthal, American actor, producer and screenwriter
*
March 6
Events Pre-1600
* 12 BCE – The Roman emperor Augustus is named Pontifex Maximus, incorporating the position into that of the emperor.
* 632 – The Farewell Sermon (Khutbah, Khutbatul Wada') of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
* 845 & ...
– Val Venis, Canadian professional wrestler
*
March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
** Tal Banin, Israeli footballer and manager
** Peter Sarsgaard, American actor
* March 9 – Diego Torres (singer), Diego Torres, Argentine singer
*
March 10
Events Pre-1600
* 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end.
* 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...
– Jon Hamm, American actor, director and producer
*
March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the venerati ...
– Johnny Knoxville, American actor, comedian, and stunt performer
*
March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
– Alan Tudyk, American actor
* March 22
** Iben Hjejle, Danish actress
[
** Keegan-Michael Key, American actor, writer, and comedian
* ]March 26
Events Pre-1600
* 590 – Emperor Maurice proclaims his son Theodosius as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
* 1021 – On the feast of Eid al-Adha, the death of the Fatimid caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, kept secret for six weeks, is ...
- Jay Sean, English singer, songwriter, record producer and arranger
* March 27
Events Pre-1600
*1309 – Pope Clement V imposes excommunication and Interdict (Catholic canon law), interdiction on Venice, and a general prohibition of all commercial intercourse with Venice, which had seized on Ferrara, a papal fiefdom. ...
** David Coulthard, Scottish racing driver
** Nathan Fillion, Canadian actor
* March 29
Events Pre-1600
* 845 – Paris is sacked by Viking raiders, probably under Ragnar Lodbrok, who collects a huge ransom in exchange for leaving.
* 1430 – The Ottoman Empire under Murad II captures Thessalonica from the Republic of ...
– Villem Lüüs, Estonian draughts player and World Draughts Federation master (d. 2020)
* March 31
** Pavel Bure, Russian ice hockey player
** Ewan McGregor, Scottish actor
April
* April 1
Events Pre-1600
* 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held.
* 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
*1081 – Alexios I Kom ...
– Jessica Collins, American actress
* April 2
** Francisco Arce, Paraguayan footballer
** Todd Woodbridge, Australian tennis player
* April 3 – Picabo Street, American skier
* April 7 – Guillaume Depardieu, French actor (d. 2008)
* April 8
Events Pre-1600
* 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids.
*1139 – Ro ...
– Kim Byung-ji, South Korean goalkeeper
* April 9 – Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian 1997 Formula 1 world champion
* April 11 – Oliver Riedel, German musician (Rammstein)
* April 12
Events Pre-1600
* 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.
* 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted ...
** Shannen Doherty, American actress
** Eyal Golan, Israeli singer
* April 14 – Miguel Calero, Colombian footballer (d. 2012)
* April 16
** Moses Chan, Hong Kong actor
** Selena, American singer (d. 1995)
* April 17
Events Pre-1600
*1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized.
*1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...
– José Francisco Cevallos, Ecuadorian footballer
* April 18 – David Tennant, Scottish actor
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Carla Geurts, Dutch swimmer
* April 23 – D.B. Weiss, American television producer and writer, and novelist
* April 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty).
* 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy m ...
– Alejandro Fernández, Mexican singer
* April 28
** Markus Beyer, German Olympic boxer (d. 2018)
** Bridget Moynahan, American actress
* April 29
** Leonid Kudayev, former Russian professional football player
** Darby Stanchfield, American actress
* April 30
Events Pre-1600
* 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
* 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– John Boyne, Irish novelist
May
* May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
– Ajith Kumar, Indian film actor
* May 10 – Kim Jong-nam, eldest son of North Korean leader Kim Jong-il (d. 2017)
* May 14 – Sofia Coppola, American filmmaker
* May 17 – Queen Máxima of the Netherlands
* May 20 – Tony Stewart, American stock car racing driver and team owner
* May 21 – Aditya Chopra, Indian film director, producer and distributor
* May 23
Events Pre-1600
* 1430 – Joan of Arc is captured at the Siege of Compiègne by troops from the Burgundian faction.
* 1498 – Girolamo Savonarola is burned at the stake in Florence, Italy.
*1533 – The marriage of King Henry VI ...
– George Osborne, British politician
* May 25
Events Pre-1600
* 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans.
*240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Tol ...
– Kristina Orbakaitė, Lithuanian-Russian singer and actress
* May 26
Events Pre-1600
* 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe.
* 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...
– Matt Stone, American actor, animator, writer, producer, and composer
* May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
** Paul Bettany, British actor
** Lisa Lopes, African-American rapper (TLC (band), TLC) (d. 2002)
* May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
** Idina Menzel, American singer, songwriter and actress
** John Ross Bowie, American actor and comedian
June
* June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
** Mario Cimarro, Cuban actor and singer
** Georgie Gardner, Australian journalist
** Fadli Zon, Indonesian politician and former deputy speaker of the Indonesian People's Representative Council
* June 3 – Luigi Di Biagio, Italian footballer
* June 4
** Joseph Kabila, 4th List of heads of state of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
** Noah Wyle, American actor
* June 5
** Susan Lynch, Northern Irish actress
** Mark Wahlberg, American actor, producer, businessman, model and rapper known as ''Marky Mark''
* June 8 – Jeff Douglas, Canadian actor
* June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
** Bobby Jindal, American politician
** Soraya Sáenz de Santamaría, Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
* June 11
Events Pre-1600
* 173 – Marcomannic Wars: The Roman army in Moravia is encircled by the Quadi, who have broken the peace treaty (171). In a violent thunderstorm emperor Marcus Aurelius defeats and subdues them in the so-called "miracle ...
– RSN Rayer, Malaysian politician
* June 12 – Mark Henry, American professional wrestler, Olympian
* June 15 – Isménia do Frederico, Cape Verdean sprinter
* June 16
** Eva Püssa, Estonian actress
** Tupac Shakur, African-American rapper and actor (d. 1996)
* June 17
Events Pre-1600
* 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism.
* 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...
– Paulina Rubio, Mexican singer
* June 20 – Josh Lucas, American actor
* June 21
Events Pre-1600
* 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date).
* 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...
– Anette Olzon, Swedish singer (Nightwish, Alyson Avenue)
* June 22 – Kurt Warner, American football player
* June 24
** Thomas Helveg, Danish footballer
** Ji Jin-hee, South Korean actor
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
** Angela Kinsey, American actress
** Neil Lennon, Northern Irish footballer and manager
* June 26 – Max Biaggi, Italian motorcycle racer
* June 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded.
* 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England.
* 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coas ...
– King Dipendra of Nepal (d. 2001)
* June 28
Events Pre-1600
* 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch.
* 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II.
* 1461 – ...
** Fabien Barthez, French football player
** Kenny Cunningham, Irish football player
** Elon Musk, South African-born, American entrepreneur and investor
** Neil Tamoria, A Filipinos, Filipino gossiper
** Aileen Quinn, American actress
* June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
** Monica Potter, American actress
** Agvaansamdangiin Sükhbat, Mongolian wrestler
July
* July 1
** Julianne Nicholson, American actress
** Amira Casar, French actress
** Missy Elliott, African-American rapper and singer-songwriter
* July 3
Events Pre-1600
* 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...
** Julian Assange, Australian activist
** Benedict Wong, English actor
* July 7 – Christian Camargo, American actor, producer, writer and director
* July 8
** Marc Andreessen, American software developer
** Marcel Blaguet Ledjou, Ivorian Chairman of the Africa Scout Committee
** Scott Grimes, American actor
** John Juanda, Indonesian-American professional poker player
* July 11
Events Pre-1600
* 472 – After being besieged in Rome by his own generals, Western Roman Emperor Anthemius is captured in St. Peter's Basilica and put to death.
* 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abd ...
** Brett Hauer, American ice hockey player
** Park Hyuk-kwon, South Korean actor
* July 12 – Kristi Yamaguchi, American figure skater
* July 13
Events Pre-1600
* 1174 – William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173–74, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Henry II of England.
* 1249 – Coronation of Alexander III as King of Scots.
*1260 – The Livon ...
– MF Doom, British rapper (d. 2020)
* July 14
Events Pre-1600
* 982 – King Otto II and his Frankish army are defeated by the Muslim army of al-Qasim at Cape Colonna, Southern Italy.
* 1223 – Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Philip II.
* 1420 ...
** Howard Webb, English football referee
* July 16 – Corey Feldman, American actor
* July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
* 1048 – Damas ...
** Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist
** Benjamin Herrmann, German film producer and distributor
* July 18
Events Pre-1600
* 477 BC – Battle of the Cremera as part of the Roman–Etruscan Wars. Veii ambushes and defeats the Roman army.
* 387 BC – Roman- Gaulish Wars: Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, l ...
** Penny Hardaway, American basketball player
** Sukhwinder Singh, Indian playback singer
* July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...
– Vitali Klitschko, Ukrainian boxer and politician
* July 20 – Sandra Oh, Korean actress
* July 21 – Charlotte Gainsbourg, French actress and singer-songwriter
* July 23
** Ahmed Ezz (actor), Ahmed Ezz, Egyptian actor
** Alison Krauss, American country singer
*July 26
Events Pre-1600
* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...
– Khaled Mahmud, Bangladeshi cricketer
* July 28 – Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, Iraqi Islamic extremist leader (d. 2019)
* July 30 – Mzukisi Sikali, South African triple world champion boxer (d. 2005)
August
* August 1 – Juan Camilo Mouriño, Mexican politician (d. 2008)
* August 4 – Jeff Gordon, American race car driver
* August 5 – Valdis Dombrovskis, Latvian Prime Minister and European Commissioner
* August 6 – Yo-Yo (rapper), Yo-Yo, African-American rapper
* August 9 – James Kim, American television personality and technology analyst (d. 2006)
* August 10
** Fábio Assunção, Brazilian actor
** Roy Keane, Irish footballer and manager
** Mario César Kindelán Mesa, Cuban amateur boxer
** Justin Theroux, American actor
* August 12
** Yvette Nicole Brown, African-American actress and comedian
** Michael Ian Black, American actor and comedian
** Pete Sampras, American tennis player
* August 13
** Moritz Bleibtreu, German actor
** Heike Makatsch, German actress
* August 14 – Peter Franzén, Finnish actor
* August 17
** Anthony Kearns, Irish tenor
** Jorge Posada, Puerto Rican baseball player
* August 18 – Aphex Twin, Irish-born British electronic musician
* August 20
** Jonathan Ke Quan, Vietnamese actor
** David Walliams, British actor, author and comedian
* August 21 – Robert Harvey (footballer), Robert Harvey, Australian rules footballer
* August 22
** Richard Armitage (actor), Richard Armitage, English actor
** Benoît Violier, French-born chef (d. 2016)
* August 25 – Ayumi Miyazaki, Japanese singer
* August 26 – Thalía, Mexican actress and singer
* August 27 – Julian Cheung, Hong Kong actor and singer
* August 28 – Janet Evans, American swimmer
* August 29 – Carla Gugino, American actress
* August 31
** Pádraig Harrington, Irish golfer
** Chris Tucker, African-American actor and comedian
** Alicia Villarreal, Mexican singer and songwriter
September
* September 1
** Hakan Şükür, Turkish footballer
** Dave Wittenberg, South African-born American voice actor
* September 2 – Kjetil André Aamodt, Norwegian alpine skier
* September 4 – Anita Yuen, Hong Kong actress
* September 5 – Kevin McAleenan, American government official, former United States Secretary of Homeland Security
* September 6 – Dolores O'Riordan, Irish singer (The Cranberries) (d. 2018)
* September 7 – Shane Mosley, African-American professional boxer
* September 8
** David Arquette, American actor, professional wrestler, film director, producer, screenwriter and fashion designer
** Martin Freeman, English actor
* September 9 – Henry Thomas, American actor
* September 11 – Alessandra Rosaldo, Mexican actress, singer and dancer
* September 13 – Stella McCartney, British fashion designer, daughter of Paul McCartney
* September 14 – Andre Matos, André Matos, Brazilian singer (d. 2019)
* September 15 – Josh Charles, American actor
* September 16 – Amy Poehler, American actress
* September 17 – Jens Voigt, German cyclist
* September 18
** Lance Armstrong, American cyclist
** Anna Netrebko, Russian operatic soprano
** Jada Pinkett Smith, African-American actress, singer, and songwriter
* September 19 – Sanaa Lathan, African-American actress
* September 20 – Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer and manager
* September 21
** Alfonso Ribeiro, American actor, television director, dancer, and host of America's Funniest Home Videos
** Luke Wilson, American actor
* September 23 – Lee Mi-yeon, South Korean actress
* September 24 – Michael S. Engel, American paleontologist and entomologist
* September 27 – Horacio Sandoval, Mexican artist
* September 29 – Sibel Tüzün, Turkish pop/rock/jazz singer
* September 30
** Jenna Elfman, American actress
** Jeff Whitty, American playwright
October
* October 2
** Xavier Naidoo, German singer
** Tiffany Darwish, Tiffany, American singer
** Jim Root, American guitarist (Slipknot (band), Slipknot, ex-Stone Sour)
* October 3 – Kevin Richardson (musician), Kevin Richardson, American pop singer
* October 4 – Ridwan Kamil, Indonesian architect, politician and current governor of West Java
* October 6 – Emily Mortimer, English actress and screenwriter
* October 7
** Yelena Shevchenko, Soviet gymnast
** Melinda Schneider, Australian singer and songwriter
* October 8 – Mayrín Villanueva, Mexican actress and model
* October 10 – Evgeny Kissin, Russian pianist
* October 11 – Aman Verma (actor), Aman Verma, Indian television anchor and actor
* October 12 – Đàm Vĩnh Hưng, Vietnamese singer
* October 13
** Sacha Baron Cohen, English comedian and actor
** Pyrros Dimas, Greek weightlifter
* October 14 – Jorge Costa (footballer), Jorge Costa, Portuguese footballer
* October 17 – Andy Whitfield, Welsh actor and model (d. 2011)
* October 18 – Yoo Sang-chul, South Korean footballer and manager (d. 2021)
* October 20
** Snoop Dogg, African-American rapper, singer, songwriter, producer, media personality, entrepreneur, and actor
** Dannii Minogue, Australian singer
* October 22 – Jennifer Lee (filmmaker), American screenwriter, director, Chief Creative Officer of Walt Disney Animation Studios
* October 23 – Bohuslav Sobotka, 11th Prime Minister of the Czech Republic
* October 24
** Caprice Bourret, American model and actress
** Gustavo Jorge, Argentina rugby union player
** Diane Guthrie-Gresham, Jamaican track and field athletes
* October 25
** Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer
** Midori (violinist), Midori Gotō, Japanese violinist
** Pedro Martínez, Dominican baseball player
** Craig Robinson (actor), Craig Robinson, African-American actor, comedian and singer
* October 26 – Anthony Rapp, American actor and singer
* October 29
** Chiara Badano, Italian Roman Catholic religious teenager and blessed (d. 1990)
** Matthew Hayden, Australian cricketer
** Ma Huateng, Chinese business magnate, founder of TenCent
** Winona Ryder, American actress
November
* November 3 – Unai Emery, Spanish football manager of Villarreal CF
* November 4 – Tabu (actress), Tabu, Indian actress
* November 5 – Jonny Greenwood, English musician and composer
* November 6 – Laura Flessel-Colovic, French fencer and politician
* November 7 – Rituparna Sengupta, Indian actress
* November 8 – Tech N9ne, American rapper
* November 10
** Big Pun, American/Latin rapper (d. 2000)
** Fahri Hamzah, Indonesian politician
** Niki Karimi, Iranian actress and movie director
** Mario Abdo Benítez, President of Paraguay
* November 12
** Yasuo Aiuchi, Japanese snowboarder
** Chen Guangcheng, Chinese civil rights activist
* November 14 – Adam Gilchrist, Australian cricketer
*November 15 – Delsa Solórzano, Venezuelan lawyer and politician
* November 16
** Justine Clarke, Australian actress
** Alexander Popov (swimmer), Alexander Popov, Russian swimmer
*November 18 – Özlem Tekin, Turkish singer
* November 20
** Dion Nash, New Zealand cricket captain
** Joel McHale, Italian-born American comedian, actor, writer, producer, and television host
* November 23 - Chris Hardwick, American actor, comedian, and television host
* November 25 – Christina Applegate, American actress
* November 28 – Fenriz, Norwegian musician
* November 30
** Jessalyn Gilsig, Canadian actress
** Kristi Noem, American politician
December
* December 3 – Frank Sinclair, Jamaican footballer
* December 5
**Katherine Haringhton, Venezuelan lawyer
**Kali Rocha, American actress
* December 6
** Richard Krajicek, Dutch tennis player
** Ryan White, American AIDS activist (d. 1990)
** Craig Brewer, American film director
* December 7
** Vladimir Akopian, Armenian chess player
** Larisa Alexandrovna, Ukrainian-American feminist
* December 8 – Abdullah Ercan, Turkish football player
* December 12
** Sammy Korir, Kenyan long-distance runner
** Alireza Mansourian, Iranian footballer
* December 16
** Scott Booth, Scottish footballer
** Paul van Dyk, German dance music DJ, musician and record producer
* December 17 – Alan Khan, South African radio presenter
* December 17 – Antoine Rigaudeau, French basketball player
* December 18 – Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spanish tennis player
* December 19 – Amy Locane, American actress
* December 21 – Natalie Grant, American singer and songwriter
* December 22 – Khalid Khannouchi, Moroccan long-distance runner
* December 23 – Corey Haim, Canadian actor (d. 2010)
* December 24
** Giorgos Alkaios, Greek recording artist
** Ricky Martin, Puerto Rican singer
* December 25
** Dido (singer), Dido, English singer
** Justin Trudeau, 23rd Prime Minister of Canada
* December 26 – Jared Leto, American actor and musician (Thirty Seconds to Mars)
* December 27 – Sergei Bodrov Jr., Russian actor (d. 2002)
* December 31 – Brent Barry, American basketball player
Deaths
January
* January 5
Events Pre-1600
*1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France.
1601–1900
*1675 – Battle of Turckh ...
– Douglas Shearer, Canadian film sound engineer (b. 1899)
* January 10 – Coco Chanel, French fashion designer (b. 1883)
* January 11 – Hussein Al Oweini, 18th Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1900)
* January 12
Events Pre-1600
* 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire.
*1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...
– John Tovey, British admiral (b. 1885)
* January 14
Events Pre-1600
*1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence.
*1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary.
1601–1900
*1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...
– Guillermo de Torre, Spanish Dadaist author (b. 1900)
* January 15
Events Pre-1600
* 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months.
* 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...
– John Dall, American actor (b. 1920)
* January 17 – Lothar Rendulic, Austrian-born German general (b. 1887)
* January 20 – Broncho Billy Anderson, American actor, director, writer, and producer (b. 1880)
* January 24
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula.
* 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt.
*1438 – The Cou ...
– Bill W., co-founder Alcoholics Anonymous (b. 1895)
* January 25
Events Pre-1600
* 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate.
* 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...
– Hermann Hoth, German general (b. 1885)
* January 27 – Jacobo Árbenz, 19th President of Guatemala (b. 1913)
* January 28 – Donald Winnicott, British psychoanalyst (b. 1896)
* January 31
Events Pre-1600
* 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades.
* 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...
– Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky, Russian literary historian, linguist (b. 1891)
February
* February 1 – Raoul Hausmann, Austrian artist (b. 1886)
* February 3 – Jay C. Flippen, American actor (b. 1899)
* February 4
Events Pre–1600
* 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...
– Brock Chisholm, Canadian physician, 1st Director-General of World Health Organization (b. 1896)
* February 5
Events Pre-1600
* 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy.
* 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion.
* 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...
– Mátyás Rákosi, 43rd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1892)
* February 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
1601–1900
* 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...
– Shigeru Fukudome, Japanese admiral (b. 1891)
* February 12 – James Cash Penney, American businessman, founder of J. C. Penney (b. 1875)
* February 17 – Adolf A. Berle, American lawyer, educator, author and diplomat (b. 1895)
* February 18 – Jaime de Barros Câmara, Brazilian archbishop (b. 1894)
* February 25
Events Pre-1600
* 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor.
* 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II.
...
– Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1884)
March
* March 3 – António Silva (actor), António Silva, Portuguese actor (b. 1886)
* March 7
Events Pre-1600
* 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius.
* 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...
– Stevie Smith (Florence Margaret Smith), English poet and novelist (b. 1902)
* March 8
Events Pre-1600
* 1010 – Ferdowsi completes his epic poem ''Shahnameh''.
*1126 – Following the death of his mother, queen Urraca of León, Alfonso VII is proclaimed king of León.
* 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen between bour ...
– Harold Lloyd, American actor and filmmaker (b. 1893)
* March 9
** Anthony Berkeley Cox, English writer (b. 1893)
** Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria, Coptic Orthodox Patriarch (b. 1902)
* March 11
Events Pre-1600
* 222 – Roman emperor Elagabalus is murdered alongside his mother, Julia Soaemias. He is replaced by his 14-year old cousin, Severus Alexander.
* 843 – Triumph of Orthodoxy: Empress Theodora II restores the venerati ...
** Philo T. Farnsworth, American television pioneer (b. 1906)
** C. D. Broad, English philosopher (b. 1887)
* March 12
Events Pre-1600
* 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius.
* 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...
– David Burns (actor), David Burns, American actor (b. 1902)
* March 16
Events Pre-1600
* 934 – Meng Zhixiang declares himself emperor and establishes Later Shu as a new state independent of Later Tang.
*1190 – Massacre of Jews at Clifford's Tower, York.
* 1244 – Over 200 Cathars who refuse ...
** Bebe Daniels, American actress (b. 1901)
** Thomas E. Dewey, Governor of New York; American presidential candidate (b. 1902)
* March 22 – Nella Walker, American actress and vaudevillian (b. 1886)
* March 23
Events Pre-1600
*1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed, after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule, by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official.
*1540 – Waltham Abbey Church, Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of ...
– Basil Dearden, English film director (b. 1911)
* March 24 – Arne Jacobsen, Danish architect and designer (b. 1902)
April
* April 3 – Joseph Valachi, American gangster (b. 1904)
* April 6 – Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (b. 1882)
* April 12
Events Pre-1600
* 240 – Shapur I becomes co-emperor of the Sasanian Empire with his father Ardashir I.
* 467 – Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
* 627 – King Edwin of Northumbria is converted ...
– Igor Tamm, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
* April 15 – Friedebert Tuglas, Estonian writer and critic (b. 1886)
* April 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 65 – The freedman Milichus betrays Piso's plot to kill the Emperor Nero and all the conspirators are arrested.
* 531 – Battle of Callinicum: A Byzantine army under Belisarius is defeated by the Persians at ...
– Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (b. 1895)
* April 20
Events Pre-1600
* 1303 – The Sapienza University of Rome is instituted by a bull of Pope Boniface VIII.
1601–1900
* 1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament.
* 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroy ...
– Cecil Parker, English actor (b. 1897)
* April 21
Events Pre-1600
*753 BC – Romulus founds Rome ( traditional date).
* 43 BC – Battle of Mutina: Mark Antony is again defeated in battle by Aulus Hirtius, who is killed. Antony fails to capture Mutina and Decimus Brutus is murdered ...
** François Duvalier, 32nd President of Haiti (b. 1907)
** Edmund Lowe, American actor (b. 1890)
* April 25
Events Pre-1600
* 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion.
* 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the ...
– T. V. Soong, former List of premiers of the Republic of China, Premier of the Republic of China (b. 1891)
* April 30
Events Pre-1600
* 311 – The Diocletianic Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire ends.
* 1315 – Enguerrand de Marigny is hanged at the instigation of Charles, Count of Valois.
*1492 – Spain gives Christopher Columbus hi ...
– Albin Stenroos, Finnish athlete (b. 1889)
May
* May 1
Events Pre-1600
* 305 – Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman emperor.
* 880 – The Nea Ekklesia is inaugurated in Constantinople, setting the model for all later cross-in-square Orthodox churches.
* 1169 &ndas ...
– Glenda Farrell, American actress (b. 1904)
* May 6
Events Pre-1600
* 1527 – Spanish and German troops sack Rome; many scholars consider this the end of the Renaissance.
*1536 – The Siege of Cuzco commences, in which Incan forces attempt to retake the city of Cuzco from the Spanis ...
– Helene Weigel, German actress (b. 1900)
* May 8
** Godfrey Huggins, 1st Viscount Malvern, English-born Rhodesian politician and physician, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (b. 1883)
** Frederick Sheffield, American Olympic rower (b. 1902)
* May 11 – Seán Lemass, 4th Taoiseach of Ireland (b. 1899)
* May 12
Events Pre-1600
* 254 – Pope Stephen I succeeds Pope Lucius I, becoming the 23rd pope of the Catholic Church, and immediately takes a stand against Novatianism.
* 907 – Zhu Wen forces Emperor Ai into abdicating, ending the Tang d ...
– Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (b. 1903)
* May 19
Events
Pre-1600
* 639 – Ashina Jiesheshuai and his tribesmen assaulted Emperor Taizong at Jiucheng Palace.
* 715 – Pope Gregory II is elected.
* 1051 – Henry I of France marries the Rus' princess, Anne of Kiev.
*1445 &n ...
– Ogden Nash, American poet (b. 1902)
* May 27
Events Pre-1600
* 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed.
* 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death.
* 1153 &ndash ...
– Chips Rafferty, Australian actor (b. 1909)
* May 28
Events Pre-1600
* 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from w ...
** Kim Iryeop, Korean writer, journalist, feminist activist, bhikkhuni, Buddhist nun (b. 1896)
** Audie Murphy, American World War II hero and actor (b. 1925)
** Jean Vilar, French stage actor (b. 1912)
* May 30
Events Pre-1600
* 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...
– Marcel Dupré, French composer (b. 1886)
June
* June 1
Events Pre-1600
*1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu.
*1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...
– Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologian (b. 1892)
* June 4 – György Lukács, Hungarian Marxist philosopher, aesthetician, literary historian, and critic (b. 1885)
* June 10
Events Pre-1600
* 671 – Emperor Tenji of Japan introduces a water clock ( clepsydra) called ''Rokoku''. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu.
*1190 – Third Crusade: Frederick I ...
– Michael Rennie, English actor (b. 1909)
* June 14
Events Pre-1600
* 1158 – The city of Munich is founded by Henry the Lion on the banks of the river Isar.
*1216 – First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France takes the city of Winchester, abandoned by John, King of England, and soo ...
– Carlos P. Garcia, 8th President of the Philippines (b. 1896)
* June 15 – Wendell Meredith Stanley, American chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
* June 18
Events Pre-1600
* 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China.
* 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate.
* 860 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about ...
** Thomas Gomez, American actor (b. 1905)
** Libby Holman, American singer and actress (b. 1904)
** Paul Karrer, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1889)
* June 19 – Garfield Wood, American motorboat racer (b. 1880)
* June 25
Events Pre-1600
* 524 – The Franks are defeated by the Burgundians in the Battle of Vézeronce.
* 841 – In the Battle of Fontenay-en-Puisaye, forces led by Charles the Bald and Louis the German defeat the armies of Lothair I of ...
– John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish physician and biologist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1880)
* June 29
** Crew of Soyuz 11:
*** Georgy Dobrovolsky (b. 1928)
*** Viktor Patsayev
Viktor Ivanovich Patsayev (russian: Ви́ктор Ива́нович Паца́ев; 19 June 193329 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 11 mission and was part of the third space crew to die during a space flight. On boar ...
(b. 1933)
*** Vladislav Volkov
Vladislav Nikolayevich Volkov (russian: Владисла́в Никола́евич Во́лков; 23 November 193529 June 1971) was a Soviet cosmonaut who flew on the Soyuz 7 and Soyuz 11 missions. The second mission terminated fatally. (b. 1935)
* June 30
Events Pre-1600
* 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy.
* 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...
– Herbert Biberman, Jewish-American screenwriter and film director (b. 1900)
July
* July 1
** Lawrence Bragg, Sir Lawrence Bragg, English physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
** Learie Constantine, Learie Constantine, Baron Constantine, Trinidadian cricketer (b. 1901)
* July 3
Events Pre-1600
* 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
* 987 – Hugh Capet is crowned King of France, the first of the Capetian dynasty that would rule France until the French Revol ...
– Jim Morrison
James Douglas Morrison (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American singer, poet and songwriter who was the lead vocalist of the Rock music, rock band the Doors. Due to his wild personality, poetic lyrics, distinctive voice, unpredicta ...
, American singer (The Doors
The Doors were an American Rock music, rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They were among the most controversial and influential ro ...
) (b. 1943)
* July 4
Events Pre-1600
* 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans.
* 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...
** Maurice Bowra, British critic and academic (b. 1898)
** August Derleth, American author and anthologist (b. 1909)
** Thomas C. Hart, American admiral and politician (b. 1877)
* July 6
Events Pre-1600
* 371 BC – The Battle of Leuctra shatters Sparta's reputation of military invincibility.
* 640 – Battle of Heliopolis: The Muslim Arab army under 'Amr ibn al-'As defeat the Byzantine forces near Heliopolis (Egypt ...
– Louis Armstrong, African-American jazz trumpeter (b. 1901)
* July 7 – Ub Iwerks, American animator (b. 1901)
* July 17
Events Pre-1600
* 180 – Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.
* 1048 – Damas ...
– Cliff Edwards, American actor (b. 1895)
* July 19
Events Pre-1600
*AD 64 – The Great Fire of Rome causes widespread devastation and rages on for six days, destroying half of the city.
* 484 – Leontius, Roman usurper, is crowned Eastern emperor at Tarsus (modern Turkey). He is re ...
– John Jacob Astor, 1st Baron Astor of Hever, British businessman (b. 1886)
* July 21 – Michael Somogyi, Hungarian-American biochemist (b. 1883)
* July 23
** Van Heflin, American actor (b. 1908)
** William Tubman, 19th president of Liberia (b. 1895)
* July 24
Events Pre-1600
* 1132 – Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily.
* 1148 – Louis VII of France lays siege to Damascus during the Second Crusade.
* 1304 – Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Sti ...
– Alan Rawsthorne, British Composer (b. 1905)
* July 26
Events Pre-1600
* 657 – First Fitna: In the Battle of Siffin, troops led by Ali ibn Abu Talib clash with those led by Muawiyah I.
* 811 – Battle of Pliska: Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I is killed and his heir Staurakios is seri ...
– Diane Arbus, American photographer (b. 1923)
August
* August 5 – Royal Rife, American inventor (b. 1888)
* August 11 – John Burton Cleland, Sir John Burton Cleland, Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist (b. 1878)
* August 13 – King Curtis, American saxophonist (b. 1934)
* August 15 – Paul Lukas, Hungarian-born American actor (b. 1894)
* August 17 – Wilhelm List, German field marshal (b. 1880)
* August 21 – George Jackson (activist), George Jackson, American author (b. 1941)
* August 24 – Carl Blegen, American archaeologist (b. 1887)
* August 25 – Ted Lewis (musician), Ted Lewis, American musician and entertainer (b. 1890)
* August 27 – Margaret Bourke-White, American photographer (b. 1904)
* August 28 – Geoffrey Lawrence, 1st Baron Oaksey, British judge during the Nuremberg trials after World War II (b. 1880)
September
* September 7 – Spring Byington, American actress (b. 1886)
* September 8 – Emmett Toppino, American Olympic athlete (b. 1909)
* September 10 – Pier Angeli, Italian actress (b. 1932)
* September 11
** Bella Darvi, Polish-born actress (b. 1928)
** Joe Jordan (musician), Joe Jordan, American ragtime composer (b. 1882)
** Nikita Khrushchev, Soviet leader (b. 1894)
* September 12 – Lin Biao, Chinese defense minister (b. 1907)
* September 14 – Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay, Bangladeshi novelist (b. 1898)
* September 20 – Giorgos Seferis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
* September 21 – Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
* September 23
** James Waddell Alexander II, American mathematician and topologist (b. 1888)
** Billy Gilbert, American actor (b. 1894)
* September 25 – Hugo Black, American Supreme Court of the United States, Supreme Court Justice (b. 1886)
October
* October 2
** Jessie Arms Botke, American artist (b. 1883)
** Richard H. Jackson, American four-star admiral (b. 1866)
* October 3 – Leah Baird, American actress (b. 1883)
* October 9 – Billy Costello (actor), Willam "Billy" Costello, American voice actor, the original voice of Popeye (b. 1898)
* October 10 – Cyril Burt, Sir Cyril Burt, British educational psychologist (b. 1883)
* October 11 – Chester Conklin, American actor (b. 1888)
* October 12
** Dean Acheson, 51st United States Secretary of State (b. 1893)
** Gene Vincent, American singer (b. 1935)
* October 17 – Sergey Kavtaradze, Soviet politician and diplomat (b. 1885)
* October 19 – Betty Bronson, American actress (b. 1906)
* October 21
** Raymond Hatton, American actor (b. 1887)
** Naoya Shiga, Japanese writer (b. 1883)
* October 24 – Carl Ruggles, American composer (b. 1876)
* October 29
** Duane Allman, American rock guitarist, co-founder and leader of the Allman Brothers Band (b. 1946)
** Arne Tiselius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
November
* November 1 – Gertrud von Le Fort, German writer of novels, poems and essays (b. 1876)
* November 2 – Martha Vickers, American actress (b. 1925)
* November 4 – Guillermo León Valencia, 21st President of Colombia (b. 1909)
* November 9 – Maude Fealy, American stage and film actor (b. 1883)
* November 10 – Walter Van Tilburg Clark, American novelist (b. 1909)
* November 11 – A. P. Herbert, English humorist, novelist and politician (b. 1890)
* November 14 – Hanna Neumann, German mathematician (b. 1914)
* November 16 – Edie Sedgwick, American actress and model (b. 1943)
* November 17 – Dame Gladys Cooper, British actress (b. 1888)
* November 22 – József Zakariás, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1924)
* November 23 – Ryūnosuke Kusaka, Japanese admiral (b. 1893)
* November 25 – Hank Mann, American comedic actor (b. 1888)
* November 26 – James Alberione, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1884)
* November 28
** Wasfi Tal, three-time prime minister of Jordan (b. 1919)
** Grantley Herbert Adams, 1st Premier of Barbados (b. 1898)
December
* December 2 – Sir Derwent Hall Caine, English actor (b. 1891)
* December 6 – Mathilde Kschessinska, Russian ballerina (b. 1872)
* December 7 – Ferdinand Pecora, Sicilian-born American lawyer (d. 1882)
* December 9 – Ralph Bunche, African-American diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1904)
* December 10 – Gotthard Heinrici, German general (b. 1886)
* December 12
** Alan Morton, Scottish footballer (b. 1893)
** David Sarnoff, American radio and television pioneer (b. 1891)
* December 13 – Gotthard Heinrici, German general (b. 1886)
* December 15 – Paul Lévy (mathematician), Paul Levy, French mathematician (b. 1886)
* December 18
** Bobby Jones (golfer), Bobby Jones, American golfer (b. 1902)
** Diana Lynn, American actress (b. 1926)
* December 20 – Roy O. Disney, American studio executive (b. 1893)
* December 22 – Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (b. 1913)
* December 24 – Maria Koepcke, German ornithologist (b. 1924)
* December 26 – Robert Lowery (actor), Robert Lowery, American actor (b. 1913)
* December 28 – Max Steiner, Austrian-born film composer (b. 1888)
* December 30
** Jo Cals, Dutch politician and jurist, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1965-1966) (b. 1914)
** Dorothy Comingore, American actress (b. 1913)
* December 31 – Pete Duel, American actor (b. 1940)
Nobel Prizes
* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Dennis Gabor
* Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Gerhard Herzberg
* Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Medicine – Earl W. Sutherland, Jr
* Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Pablo Neruda
* Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Willy Brandt
* Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Economics – Simon Kuznets
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1971
1971