Events

January

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

- The first general election ever in

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

is held. *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– The Allies recognize the Austrian republic with its 1937 borders, and divide the country into four

occupation zones Germany was already de facto occupied by the Allies from the real fall of Nazi Germany in World War II on 8 May 1945 to the establishment of the East Germany on 7 October 1949. The Allies (United States, United Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France ...

. *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

** The first meeting of the

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and international security, security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be ...

is held, at

Methodist Central Hall Westminster The Methodist Central Hall (also known as Central Hall Westminster) is a multi-purpose venue in the City of Westminster, London, serving primarily as a Methodist church and a conference centre. The building, which is a tourist attraction, also ho ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

. ** ''

Project Diana Project Diana, named for the Roman moon goddess Diana, was an experimental project of the US Army Signal Corps in 1946 to bounce radar signals off the Moon and receive the reflected signals. This was the first experiment in radar astronomy a ...

'' bounces

radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (''ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...

waves off the Moon, measuring the exact distance between the Earth and the Moon, and proves that communication is possible between Earth and outer space, effectively opening the

Space Age The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events, beginning with the Sputnik_1#Launch_and_mission, launch of Sputnik 1 ...

. *

January 11 Events Pre-1600 * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople: A quarrel between supporters of different chariot teams—the Blues and the Greens—in the Hippodrome escalates into violence. * 630 – Conquest of Mecca: The prophet Muhamma ...

Enver Hoxha Enver Halil Hoxha ( , ; 16 October 190811 April 1985) was an Albanian communist politician who was the authoritarian ruler of Albania from 1944 until his death in 1985. He was First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania from 1941 unt ...

declares the

People's Republic of Albania The People's Socialist Republic of Albania ( sq, Republika Popullore Socialiste e Shqipërisë, links=no) was the Marxist–Leninist one party state that existed in Albania from 1946 to 1992 (the official name of the country was the People's R ...

, with himself as

prime minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

. *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

–

Charles de Gaulle Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (; ; (commonly abbreviated as CDG) 22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French army officer and statesman who led Free France against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government ...

resigns as head of the French provisional government. *

January 17 Events Pre-1600 * 38 BC – Octavian divorces his wife Scribonia and marries Livia Drusilla, ending the fragile peace between the Second Triumvirate and Sextus Pompey. * 1362 – Saint Marcellus' flood kills at least 25,000 people on ...

- The

United Nations Security Council The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the Organs of the United Nations, six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international security, international peace and security, recommending the admi ...

holds its first session, at

Church House, Westminster The Church House is the home of the headquarters of the Church of England, occupying the south end of Dean's Yard next to Westminster Abbey in London. Besides providing administrative offices for the Church Commissioners, the Archbishops' Council ...

in London. *

January 19 Events Pre-1600 * 379 – Emperor Gratian elevates Flavius Theodosius at Sirmium to ''Augustus'', and gives him authority over all the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire. * 649 – Conquest of Kucha: The forces of Kucha surrender ...

** The Bell XS-1 is test flown for the first time (unpowered), with Bell's chief

test pilot A test pilot is an aircraft pilot with additional training to fly and evaluate experimental, newly produced and modified aircraft with specific maneuvers, known as flight test techniques.Stinton, Darrol. ''Flying Qualities and Flight Testing ...

Jack Woolams Jack Valentine Woolams (1917–1946) - was the senior experimental test pilot and later chief test pilot at Bell Aircraft during the introduction of the P-39, P-63, P-59, and X-1 aircraft. He set a world record for altitude and was the first pe ...

at the controls. ** General

Douglas MacArthur Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American military leader who served as General of the Army for the United States, as well as a field marshal to the Philippine Army. He had served with distinction in World War I, was C ...

establishes the

International Military Tribunal for the Far East The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on April 29, 1946 to try leaders of the Empire of Japan for crimes against peace, conven ...

in Tokyo, to try Japanese war criminals. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

resigns as

president of France The president of France, officially the president of the French Republic (french: Président de la République française), is the executive head of state of France, and the commander-in-chief of the French Armed Forces. As the presidency i ...

. *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

** Iran crisis of 1946: Qazi Muhammad declares the independent people's

Republic of Mahabad The Republic of Mahabad or the Republic of Kurdistan ( ku, کۆماری کوردستان / Komara Kurdistanê; fa, جمهوری مهاباد) was a short-lived Kurdish self-governing unrecognized state in present-day Iran, from 22 January to 1 ...

, at the

Chahar Cheragh Square Chahar Cheragh or Chuar-chira Square (Kurdish: ''چوارچرا, Çar Çira'', fa, میدان چهارچراغ) (meaning ''Square of the four candles''), is a public square in the centre of the city of Mahabad. It is now officially called Shahrd ...

in the

Kurdish Kurdish may refer to: *Kurds or Kurdish people *Kurdish languages *Kurdish alphabets *Kurdistan, the land of the Kurdish people which includes: **Southern Kurdistan **Eastern Kurdistan **Northern Kurdistan **Western Kurdistan See also * Kurd (dis ...

city of Mahabad. He is the new president,

Haji Baba Sheikh Haji Baba Sheikh ( ku, Hacî Baba Şêx – Bukan) was the Kurdish prime minister of the Republic of Mahabad. After the republic was conquered by the Iranian army in 1947, unlike Qazi Muhammad Qazi Muhammad ( ku, قازی محەممەد / Qaz� ...

is the

. ** The National Intelligence Authority, and its operational arm, the Central Intelligence Group, are established in the United States; these become part of the

Central Intelligence Agency The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA ), known informally as the Agency and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, ...

1947 It was the first year of the Cold War, which would last until 1991, ending with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Events January * January–February – Winter of 1946–47 in the United Kingdom: The worst snowfall in the country in ...

January 28 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – On the death of Nerva, Trajan is declared Roman emperor in Cologne, the seat of his government in lower Germany. * 814 – The death of Charlemagne, the first Holy Roman Emperor, brings about the accession o ...

– The Canadian schooner '' Bluenose'' found on a Haitian reef. *

January 31 Events Pre-1600 * 314 – Pope Sylvester I is consecrated, as successor to the late Pope Miltiades. * 1208 – The Battle of Lena takes place between King Sverker II of Sweden and his rival, Prince Eric, whose victory puts him on the t ...

** The last session of the Permanent Court of International Justice occurs. **

Yugoslavia Yugoslavia (; sh-Latn-Cyrl, separator=" / ", Jugoslavija, Југославија ; sl, Jugoslavija ; mk, Југославија ;; rup, Iugoslavia; hu, Jugoszlávia; rue, label=Pannonian Rusyn, Югославия, translit=Juhoslavija ...

's new constitution, modeling the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

, establishes 6 constituent republics (

Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina ( sh, / , ), abbreviated BiH () or B&H, sometimes called Bosnia–Herzegovina and often known informally as Bosnia, is a country at the crossroads of south and southeast Europe, located in the Balkans. Bosnia and H ...

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

Macedonia Macedonia most commonly refers to: * North Macedonia, a country in southeastern Europe, known until 2019 as the Republic of Macedonia * Macedonia (ancient kingdom), a kingdom in Greek antiquity * Macedonia (Greece), a traditional geographic reg ...

Montenegro ) , image_map = Europe-Montenegro.svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Podgorica , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , official_languages = M ...

Serbia Serbia (, ; Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), officially the Republic of Serbia (Serbian language, Serbian: , , ), is a landlocked country in Southeast Europe, Southeastern and Central Europe, situated at the crossroads of the Pannonian Bas ...

and

Slovenia Slovenia ( ; sl, Slovenija ), officially the Republic of Slovenia (Slovene: , abbr.: ''RS''), is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the west, Austria to the north, Hungary to the northeast, Croatia to the southeast, an ...

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

Trygve Lie Trygve Halvdan Lie ( , ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968) was a Norwegians, Norwegian politician, labour leader, government official and author. He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Nygaardsvold's Cabinet, N ...

of Norway is selected, as the first

United Nations Secretary-General The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or SG) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations. The role of the secretary-ge ...

. ** The

Kingdom of Hungary The Kingdom of Hungary was a monarchy in Central Europe that existed for nearly a millennium, from the Middle Ages into the 20th century. The Principality of Hungary emerged as a Christian kingdom upon the coronation of the first king Stephen ...

becomes a

republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

, heavily influenced by the

. *

February 14 Events Pre-1600 * 748 – Abbasid Revolution: The Hashimi rebels under Abu Muslim Khorasani take Merv, capital of the Umayyad province Khorasan, marking the consolidation of the Abbasid revolt. * 842 – Charles the Bald and Louis ...

- ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), an early general-purpose electronic

computer A computer is a machine that can be programmed to Execution (computing), carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as C ...

, is unveiled at the

University of Pennsylvania The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest-regarded universitie ...

; it weighs 60,000 pounds (over 27 tons), and occupies a big room. *

February 15 Events Pre-1600 * 438 – Roman emperor Theodosius II publishes the law codex Codex Theodosianus * 590 – Khosrau II is crowned king of Persia. * 706 – Byzantine emperor Justinian II has his predecessors Leontios and Tiberi ...

– The

Gouzenko Affair The Gouzenko Affair was the name given to events in Canada surrounding the defection of Igor Gouzenko from the Soviet Union in 1945 and his subsequent allegations regarding the existence of a Soviet spy ring of Canadian Communists. Gouzenko's d ...

: Canada announces the shocking discovery of a ring of Canadian communist spies based at the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, passing

atomic bomb A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bomb ...

secrets to Russia. *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...

– An explosion kills more than 400 coal miners in Bergkamen, West Germany. *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

–

Juan Perón Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected P ...

is elected

president of Argentina The president of Argentina ( es, Presidente de Argentina), officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation ( es, Presidente de la Nación Argentina), is both head of state and head of government of Argentina. Under Constitution of Ar ...

March

March 2 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: The Ostrogoth army under king Vitiges begins the siege of the capital. Belisarius conducts a delaying action outside the Flaminian Gate; he and a detachment of his ''bucellarii'' are almost cut o ...

** British troops withdraw from

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

according to treaty; the Soviets do not. **

Ho Chi Minh (: ; born ; 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969), commonly known as ('Uncle Hồ'), also known as ('President Hồ'), (' Old father of the people') and by other aliases, was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as Prime ...

is elected President of North Vietnam. *

March 4 Events Pre-1600 *AD 51 – Nero, later to become Roman emperor, is given the title '' princeps iuventutis'' (head of the youth). * 306 – Martyrdom of Saint Adrian of Nicomedia. * 852 – Croatian Knez Trpimir I issues a st ...

–

C. G. E. Mannerheim Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (, ; 4 June 1867 – 27 January 1951) was a Finland, Finnish military leader and statesman. He served as the military leader of the White Guard (Finland), Whites in the Finnish Civil War of 1918, as List of reg ...

resigns as

president of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...

. *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

– In his speech at Westminster College, in Fulton, Missouri,

Winston Churchill Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom twice, from 1940 to 1945 Winston Churchill in the Second World War, dur ...

talks about the ''

Iron Curtain The Iron Curtain was the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolizes the efforts by the Soviet Union (USSR) to block itself and its s ...

''. * March 6 –

Vietnam War The Vietnam War (also known by #Names, other names) was a conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vie ...

signs an agreement with France, which recognizes

as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union. *

March 7 Events Pre-1600 * 161 – Marcus Aurelius and L. Commodus (who changes his name to Lucius Verus) become joint emperors of Rome on the death of Antoninus Pius. * 1138 – Konrad III von Hohenstaufen was elected king of Germany at Cob ...

– The

18th Academy Awards The 18th Academy Awards were held on March 7, 1946 at Grauman's Chinese Theatre to honor the films of 1945. Being the first Oscars after the end of World War II, the ceremony returned to the glamour of the prewar years; notably, the plaster sta ...

Ceremony is held. Best Picture goes to '' The Lost Weekend''. *

March 9 Events Pre-1600 *141 BC – Liu Che, posthumously known as Emperor Wu of Han, assumes the throne over the Han dynasty of China. *1009 – First known mention of Lithuania, in the annals of the monastery of Quedlinburg. * 1226 – ...

– Juho Kusti Paasikivi becomes the 7th

President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...

. * March 19 ** The

and Switzerland resume diplomatic relations. **

French Guiana French Guiana ( or ; french: link=no, Guyane ; gcr, label=French Guianese Creole, Lagwiyann ) is an overseas departments and regions of France, overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France on the northern Atlantic ...

Guadeloupe Guadeloupe (; ; gcf, label=Antillean Creole, Gwadloup, ) is an archipelago and overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean. It consists of six inhabited islands—Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Désirade, and the ...

Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in th ...

and

Réunion Réunion (; french: La Réunion, ; previously ''Île Bourbon''; rcf, label= Reunionese Creole, La Rényon) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France. It is located approximately east of the island ...

become overseas ''départements'' of France. *

March 22 Events Pre-1600 * 106 – Start of the Bostran era, the calendar of the province of Arabia Petraea. * 235 – Roman emperor Severus Alexander is murdered, marking the start of the Crisis of the Third Century. * 871 – Æthelr ...

– The United Kingdom grants the British protectorate of the

Emirate of Transjordan The Emirate of Transjordan ( ar, إمارة شرق الأردن, Imārat Sharq al-Urdun, Emirate of East Jordan), officially known as the Amirate of Trans-Jordan, was a British protectorate established on 11 April 1921,

(later known as

Jordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levant region, on the East Bank of the Jordan Rive ...

) its independence by the Treaty of London. * March 29 – The

Gold Coast Gold Coast may refer to: Places Africa * Gold Coast (region), in West Africa, which was made up of the following colonies, before being established as the independent nation of Ghana: ** Portuguese Gold Coast (Portuguese, 1482–1642) ** Dutch G ...

has an African majority in its parliament.

April

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Kom ...

** The 8.6 Aleutian Islands earthquake shakes the

Aleutian Islands The Aleutian Islands (; ; ale, Unangam Tanangin,”Land of the Aleuts", possibly from Chukchi language, Chukchi ''aliat'', "island"), also called the Aleut Islands or Aleutic Islands and known before 1867 as the Catherine Archipelago, are a cha ...

, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (''Strong''). A destructive

tsunami A tsunami ( ; from ja, 津波, lit=harbour wave, ) is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explo ...

reaches the

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands ( haw, Nā Mokupuni o Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kur ...

, resulting in many deaths, mostly in

Hilo Hilo () is a census-designated place (CDP) and the largest settlement in Hawaii County, Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii, United States, which encompasses the Hawaii (island), Island of Hawaii. The population was 44,186 according to the 2020 United ...

. Between 165 and 173 are killed. ** The

Malayan Union The Malayan Union was a union of the Malay states and the Straits Settlements of Penang and Malacca. It was the successor to British Malaya and was conceived to unify the Malay Peninsula under a single government to simplify administratio ...

is formed. **

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

becomes a

Crown colony A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Counci ...

. * April 3 – Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside

Manila Manila ( , ; fil, Maynila, ), officially the City of Manila ( fil, Lungsod ng Maynila, ), is the capital of the Philippines, and its second-most populous city. It is highly urbanized and, as of 2019, was the world's most densely populate ...

in the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

, for leading the

Bataan Death March The Bataan Death March (Filipino: ''Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan''; Spanish: ''Marcha de la muerte de Bataán'' ; Kapampangan: ''Martsa ning Kematayan quing Bataan''; Japanese: バターン死の行進, Hepburn: ''Batān Shi no Kōshin'') was ...

. *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

– A

Fleet Air Arm The Fleet Air Arm (FAA) is one of the five fighting arms of the Royal Navy and is responsible for the delivery of naval air power both from land and at sea. The Fleet Air Arm operates the F-35 Lightning II for maritime strike, the AW159 Wil ...

Vickers Wellington The Vickers Wellington was a British twin-engined, long-range medium bomber. It was designed during the mid-1930s at Brooklands in Weybridge, Surrey. Led by Vickers-Armstrongs' chief designer Rex Pierson; a key feature of the aircraft is its g ...

crashes into a residential area in

Rabat Rabat (, also , ; ar, الرِّبَاط, er-Ribât; ber, ⵕⵕⴱⴰⵟ, ṛṛbaṭ) is the capital city of Morocco and the country's seventh largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan populati ...

Malta Malta ( , , ), officially the Republic of Malta ( mt, Repubblika ta' Malta ), is an island country in the Mediterranean Sea. It consists of an archipelago, between Italy and Libya, and is often considered a part of Southern Europe. It lies ...

during a training exercise, killing all 4 crew members and 16 civilians on the ground. *

April 10 Events Pre-1600 * 428 – Nestorius becomes the Patriarch of Constantinople. * 837 – Halley's Comet makes its closest approach to Earth at a distance equal to 0.0342 AU (5.1 million kilometres/3.2 million miles). * 1407 ...

– In Japan, women vote for the first time, during elections for the House of Representatives of the 90th Imperial Diet. *

April 14 Events Pre-1600 * 43 BC – Legions loyal to the Roman Senate, commanded by Gaius Pansa, defeat the forces of Mark Antony in the Battle of Forum Gallorum. * 69 – Vitellius, commanding Rhine-based armies, defeats Roman emperor Otho ...

– '' Sh'erit ha-Pletah'' members of

Nakam Nakam ( he, נקם, 'Revenge') was a paramilitary organization of about fifty Holocaust survivors who, after 1945, sought genocidal revenge for the murder of six million Jews during the Holocaust. Led by Abba Kovner, the group sought to kill si ...

, the "Jewish Avengers", poison with arsenic bread baked in Nuremberg for SS prisoners of war, held at Stalag XIII-D by the Americans. *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

–

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

's independence from France is officially recognized. *

April 18 Events Pre-1600 * 796 – King Æthelred I of Northumbria is murdered in Corbridge by a group led by his ealdormen, Ealdred and Wada. The ''patrician'' Osbald is crowned, but abdicates within 27 days. * 1428 – Peace of Ferrara betw ...

** The inaugural session of the

International Court of Justice The International Court of Justice (ICJ; french: Cour internationale de justice, links=no; ), sometimes known as the World Court, is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN). It settles disputes between states in accordanc ...

(ICJ) takes place at

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital of ...

. ** The

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

, in its last meeting, transfers its mission to the

and disbands itself. ** The United States recognizes

Josip Broz Tito Josip Broz ( sh-Cyrl, Јосип Броз, ; 7 May 1892 – 4 May 1980), commonly known as Tito (; sh-Cyrl, Тито, links=no, ), was a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various positions from 1943 until his deat ...

's government in

. * April 28 – ''

Kinderdorf Pestalozzi Kinderdorf Pestalozzi () is a non-profit organization located in Trogen, Canton Appenzell. It was named after the Swiss education pioneer Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi. Established in 1945, the Stiftung Kinderdorf Pestalozzi provides the ''Kinderdor ...

'' (Pestalozzi Children's Village) is established at

Trogen Trogen may refer to: People * Karl-Erling Trogen (born 1946) Places * Trogen, Switzerland Trogen is a municipality in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden in Switzerland. The town is the seat of the canton's judicial authorities. History The ...

, Switzerland to accommodate and educate orphans of World War II, according to

Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (, ; 12 January 1746 – 17 February 1827) was a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer who exemplified Romanticism in his approach. He founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking r ...

's principles. * April 29 – Trials against war criminals begin in Tokyo; the accused include Hideki Tōjō, Shigenori Tōgō and

Hiroshi Ōshima Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese ambassador to Germany before and during World War II and (unwittingly) a major source of communications intelligence for the Allies. His role was perhaps best summed up by General Geo ...

May

* May 1 – At least 800

Indigenous Australian Indigenous Australians or Australian First Nations are people with familial heritage from, and membership in, the ethnic groups that lived in Australia before British colonisation. They consist of two distinct groups: the Aboriginal peoples ...

pastoral workers walk off the job in Northwest Western Australia, starting one of the longest industrial strikes in Australia. * May 7 – Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed ''

Sony , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...

'') is founded, with about 20 employees. *

May 9 Events Pre-1600 * 328 – Athanasius is elected Patriarch of Alexandria. *1009 – Lombard Revolt: Lombard forces led by Melus revolt in Bari against the Byzantine Catepanate of Italy. *1386 – England and Portugal formally rati ...

– King

Victor Emmanuel III of Italy Victor Emmanuel III (Vittorio Emanuele Ferdinando Maria Gennaro di Savoia; 11 November 1869 – 28 December 1947) was King of Italy from 29 July 1900 until his abdication on 9 May 1946. He also reigned as Emperor of Ethiopia (1936–1941) and K ...

abdicates, and is succeeded by his son

Umberto II en, Albert Nicholas Thomas John Maria of Savoy , house = Savoy , father = Victor Emmanuel III of Italy , mother = Princess Elena of Montenegro , birth_date = , birth_place = Racconigi, Piedmont, Kingdom of Italy , dea ...

. *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

Jawaharlal Nehru Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru (; ; ; 14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat— * * * * and author who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20t ...

is elected leader of the

Congress Party The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...

in India. ** The first

V-2 rocket The V-2 (german: Vergeltungswaffe 2, lit=Retaliation Weapon 2), with the technical name ''Aggregat 4'' (A-4), was the world’s first long-range guided ballistic missile. The missile, powered by a liquid-propellant rocket engine, was developed ...

to be successfully launched in the United States is fired from White Sands Missile Range. * May 21 –

Manhattan Project The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons. It was led by the United States with the support of the United Kingdom and Canada. From 1942 to 1946, the project w ...

physicist Dr.

Louis Slotin Louis Alexander Slotin (1 December 1910 – 30 May 1946) was a Canadian physicist and chemist who took part in the Manhattan Project. Born and raised in the North End of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Slotin earned both his Bachelor of Science and M ...

accidentally triggers a

fission reaction Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioac ...

at the

Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, ...

in the United States and, although saving his coworkers, gives himself a lethal dose of

hard radiation Ionizing radiation (or ionising radiation), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them. Some particles can travel ...

, making him the second victim of a criticality accident in history (the incident is initially treated as

classified information Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected. Access is restricted by law or regulation to particular groups of people with the necessary security clearance and need to know, ...

). * May 25 – The

becomes the

Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan Jordan ( ar, الأردن; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan,; Romanization of Arabic, tr. ' is a country in Western Asia. It is situated at the crossroads of Asia, Africa, and Europe, within the Levan ...

when its parliament makes the ruling amir Abdullah their king on the day it ratifies the Treaty of London. *

May 26 Events Pre-1600 * 17 – Germanicus celebrates a triumph in Rome for his victories over the Cherusci, Chatti, and other German tribes west of the Elbe. * 451 – Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sasanian Empire take ...

–

1946 Czechoslovak parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in Czechoslovakia on 26 May 1946. The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia emerged as the largest party, winning 114 of the 300 seats (93 for the main party and 21 for its Slovak branch) with 38% of the vote. The Com ...

: Communists win with (38%), in the last election before communists take power. * May 31 – A Greek

referendum A referendum (plural: referendums or less commonly referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative. This may result in the adoption of a ...

supports the return of the

monarchy A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch, is head of state for life or until abdication. The political legitimacy and authority of the monarch may vary from restricted and largely symbolic (constitutional monarchy) ...

June

Allied Victory Parade in London, 1946 H42790

June 1 Events Pre-1600 *1215 – Zhongdu (now Beijing), then under the control of the Jurchen people, Jurchen ruler Emperor Xuanzong of Jin, is captured by the Mongols under Genghis Khan, ending the Battle of Zhongdu. *1252 – Alfonso X is pr ...

Ion Antonescu Ion Antonescu (; ; – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and ''Conducător'' during most of World War II. A Romanian Army career officer who made ...

, prime minister and "Conducator" (Leader) of

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

during World War II, is executed; he was found guilty of betraying the Romanian people for benefits of Germany and sentenced to death by the

Bucharest People's Tribunal The two Romanian People's Tribunals ( ro, Tribunalele Poporului), the Bucharest People's Tribunal and the Northern Transylvania People's Tribunal (which sat in Cluj) were set up by the post-World War II government of Romania, overseen by the Allied ...

. ** D'Argenlieu, French High Commissioner for Indo-China, recognizes an autonomous "Republic of Cochin-China" in violation of the March 6 Ho–Sainteny agreement, opening the way for conflict between the

Viet Minh The Việt Minh (; abbreviated from , chữ Nôm and Hán tự: ; french: Ligue pour l'indépendance du Viêt Nam, ) was a national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Fro ...

and France. * June 2 –

1946 Italian institutional referendum An institutional referendum ( it, referendum istituzionale, or ) was held in Italy on 2 June 1946,Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 a key event of Italian contemporary history. Until 1946 ...

: Italians vote to turn Italy from a

into a

. In the simultaneous

1946 Italian general election General elections were held in Italy on Sunday, 2 June 1946.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1047 They were the first after World War II and elected 556 deputies to the Constituent Assembly. Theoret ...

, the first since the end of World War II and also the first in which women are allowed to vote, the

Christian Democracy Christian democracy (sometimes named Centrist democracy) is a political ideology that emerged in 19th-century Europe under the influence of Catholic social teaching and neo-Calvinism. It was conceived as a combination of modern democratic ...

party, led by Prime Minister Alcide De Gasperi, wins most seats in the Constituent Assembly of Italy and forms a coalition government. Christian Democracy leads the Italian government continuously until 1981. *

June 3 Events Pre-1600 * 350 – The Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman emperor, entering Rome at the head of a group of gladiators. * 713 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine emperor Philippikos Ba ...

–

Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO; french: link=no, Organisation internationale de police criminelle), commonly known as Interpol ( , ), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and cri ...

is re-founded; the telegraphic address "Interpol" is adopted. *

June 8 Events Pre-1600 * 218 – Battle of Antioch: With the support of the Syrian legions, Elagabalus defeats the forces of emperor Macrinus. * 452 – Attila leads a Hun army in the invasion of Italy, devastating the northern provinces ...

– In

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

Sukarno Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of ...

incites his supporters to fight Dutch colonial occupation. * June 9 – In

Thailand Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...

, King

Bhumibol Adulyadej Bhumibol Adulyadej ( th, ภูมิพลอดุลยเดช; ; ; (Sanskrit: ''bhūmi·bala atulya·teja'' - "might of the land, unparalleled brilliance"); 5 December 192713 October 2016), conferred with the title King Bhumibol the Great ...

(Rama IX) accedes to the throne after the death of his elder brother, King

Ananda Mahidol Ananda Mahidol ( th, พระบาทสมเด็จพระปรเมนทรมหาอานันทมหิดล; ; 20 September 1925 – 9 June 1946), posthumous reigning title Phra Athamaramathibodin ( th, พระอั� ...

(Rama VIII). He will reign until his death on October 13,

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

. * June 10 – Italy is declared a

. * June 13 – Umberto II of Italy leaves the country and goes into exile in Portugal; Alcide De Gasperi becomes

head of state A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona who officially embodies a state Foakes, pp. 110–11 " he head of statebeing an embodiment of the State itself or representatitve of its international persona." in its unity and l ...

. * June 14 – The

Baruch Plan The Baruch Plan was a proposal by the United States government, written largely by Bernard Baruch but based on the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC) during its first meeting in June 1946. The United ...

is proposed to the United Nations. *

June 17 Events Pre-1600 * 653 – Pope Martin I is arrested and taken to Constantinople, due to his opposition to monothelitism. * 1242 – Following the Disputation of Paris, twenty-four carriage loads of Jewish religious manuscripts were bur ...

– Formal ratification of the Treaty of London grants independence to the

. *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

** The 7.5 Vancouver Island earthquake affects the island, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''). Two people are killed. **

1946 French India municipal election Elections to municipal councils in the 22 municipalities of French India were held by universal direct suffrage on June 23, 1946. The National Democratic Front captured power in all 22 municipalities, winning 101 out of 122 municipal seats up for e ...

: The National Democratic Front wins a landslide victory. * June 25 – The

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution, established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, that is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers l ...

(IBRD) (World Bank) begins operations. *

June 30 Events Pre-1600 * 296 – Pope Marcellinus begins his papacy. * 763 – The Byzantine Empire, Byzantine army of emperor Constantine V defeats the First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgarian forces in the Battle of Anchialus (763), Battle of Anc ...

– The War Relocation Authority, which has administered the internment of Japanese Americans, is abolished.

July

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

–

Nuclear testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...

: Operation Crossroads, a series of

nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions ( thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion. Both bom ...

tests conducted by the

United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...

at Bikini Atoll in

Micronesia Micronesia (, ) is a subregion of Oceania, consisting of about 2,000 small islands in the western Pacific Ocean. It has a close shared cultural history with three other island regions: the Philippines to the west, Polynesia to the east, and ...

, is initiated by the detonation of ''Able'' at an altitude of 520 feet (158 m).
Operation Crossroads Baker Edit

July 4 Events Pre-1600 * 362 BC – Battle of Mantinea: The Thebans, led by Epaminondas, defeated the Spartans. * 414 – Emperor Theodosius II, age 13, yields power to his older sister Aelia Pulcheria, who reigned as regent and proclaim ...

** After more than 48 years of American dominance, the

attains full independence as the 3rd Republic;

Manuel A. Roxas Manuel Acuña Roxas (born Manuel Roxas y Acuña; ; January 1, 1892 – April 15, 1948) was a Filipino lawyer and politician who served as the fifth president of the Philippines, who served from 1946 until his death due to heart attacks in 194 ...

is 5th

President of the Philippines The president of the Philippines ( fil, Pangulo ng Pilipinas, sometimes referred to as ''Presidente ng Pilipinas'') is the head of state, head of government and chief executive of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of t ...

. ** The

Kielce Pogrom The Kielce pogrom was an outbreak of violence toward the Jewish community centre's gathering of refugees in the city of Kielce, Poland on 4 July 1946 by Polish soldiers, police officers, and civilians Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...

. * July 5 – The bikini is first modeled in Paris. *

July 16 Events Pre-1600 * 622 – The beginning of the Islamic calendar. * 997 – Battle of Spercheios: Bulgarian forces of Tsar Samuel are defeated by a Byzantine army under general Nikephoros Ouranos at the Spercheios River in Greece. * 105 ...

– The

Bureau of Land Management The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) is an agency within the United States Department of the Interior responsible for administering federal lands. Headquartered in Washington DC, and with oversight over , it governs one eighth of the country's la ...

(BLM) within the

Department of the Interior The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is one of the executive departments of the U.S. federal government headquartered at the Main Interior Building, located at 1849 C Street NW in Washington, D.C. It is responsible for the mana ...

is formed by the merger of the

Grazing Service The United States Grazing Service was a part of the United States Department of the Interior that managed grazing lands and carried out the Taylor Grazing Act, which leased public land for grazing. It was later merged with the General Land Offi ...

and General Land Office. *

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became the ...

– An

Irgun Irgun • Etzel , image = Irgun.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = Irgun emblem. The map shows both Mandatory Palestine and the Emirate of Transjordan, which the Irgun claimed in its entirety for a future Jewish state. The acronym "Etzel" i ...

bomb explodes in

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

, due to secretive talks between Jews and Britain to consolidate the state of Israel. *

July 22 Events Pre-1600 * 838 – Battle of Anzen: The Byzantine emperor Theophilos suffers a heavy defeat by the Abbasids. *1099 – First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of J ...

–

King David Hotel bombing The British administrative headquarters for Mandatory Palestine, housed in the southern wing of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem, were bombed in a terrorist attack on 22 July 1946 by the militant right-wing Zionist underground organization the ...

: The

bombs the King David Hotel (headquarters of the British civil and military administration) in

, killing 90. *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

: In the first underwater test of the

, the surplus is sunk near Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, when the United States detonates the ''Baker'' device during Operation Crossroads. ** At Club 500 in

Atlantic City Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States. The city is known for its casinos, Boardwalk (entertainment district), boardwalk, and beaches. In 2020 United States censu ...

New Jersey New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...

Dean Martin Dean Martin (born Dino Paul Crocetti; June 7, 1917 – December 25, 1995) was an American singer, actor and comedian. One of the most popular and enduring American entertainers of the mid-20th century, Martin was nicknamed "The King of Cool". M ...

and

Jerry Lewis Jerry Lewis (born Joseph Levitch; March 16, 1926 – August 20, 2017) was an American comedian, actor, singer, filmmaker and humanitarian. As his contributions to comedy and charity made him a global figure in popular culture, pop culture ...

stage their first show as a

comedy Comedy is a genre of fiction that consists of discourses or works intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, film, stand-up comedy, television, radio, books, or any other entertainment medium. The term o ...

team. ** In the last mass lynching in the United States, a mob of white men shoot and kill two

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American ...

couples, near Moore's Ford Bridge in Georgia.

August

* August 1 - The

Scandinavian Airlines Scandinavian Airlines, more commonly known and styled as SAS, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. ''SAS'' is an abbreviation of the company's full name, Scandinavian Airlines System or legally Scandinavian Airlines System Denmark ...

System is founded as a consortium of the flag carriers of Sweden, Denmark and Norway. *

August 3 Events Pre-1600 * 8 – Roman Empire general Tiberius defeats the Dalmatae on the river Bosna. * 435 – Deposed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople Nestorius, considered the originator of Nestorianism, is exiled by Roman Emperor ...

–

Santa Claus Land Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a legendary figure originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring children gifts during the late evening and overnight ...

opens to the public at

Santa Claus, Indiana Santa Claus is a town in Spencer County, Indiana, United States, in the southwestern part of the state. Located in Carter, Clay and Harrison Townships, it sits between Interstate 64 and the Ohio River and Owensboro. The population was 2,481 a ...

. It becomes the first themed park, preceding

Disneyland Disneyland is a amusement park, theme park in Anaheim, California. Opened in 1955, it was the first theme park opened by The Walt Disney Company and the only one designed and constructed under the direct supervision of Walt Disney. Disney in ...

by 9 years, and is later renamed Holiday World. * August 4 – The

1946 Dominican Republic earthquake __NOTOC__ The 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake occurred on August 4 at 17:51 UTC near Samaná, Dominican Republic. The mainshock measured 7.8 on the moment magnitude scale and 8.1 on the surface wave magnitude scale. An aftershock occurred fou ...

(magnitude 8.0) hits the northern Dominican Republic, killing 100 and leaving 20,000 homeless. * August 7 – The

escalates the Turkish Straits crisis through a diplomatic demand to Turkey. *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...

Direct Action Day Direct Action Day (16 August 1946), also known as the 1946 Calcutta Killings, was a day of nationwide communal riots. It led to large-scale violence between Muslims and Hindus in the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) in the Bengal prov ...

: Violence between Muslims and Hindus in

Calcutta Kolkata (, or , ; also known as Calcutta , List of renamed places in India#West Bengal, the official name until 2001) is the Capital city, capital of the Indian States and union territories of India, state of West Bengal, on the eastern ba ...

begins "The Week of the Long Knives", which leaves 3,000 dead. ** The

All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress The All Hyderabad Trade Union Congress (AHTUC) was a trade union centre in the Hyderabad State. Affiliated to the All India Trade Union Congress,Bhaskara Rao, V. Agrarian and Industrial Relations in Hyderabad State'. New Delhi: Associated Pub. H ...

is founded in

Secunderabad Secunderabad, also spelled as Sikandarabad (, ), is a twin cities, twin city of Hyderabad and one of the six zones of the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) in the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Telangana. It ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. ** The

Kurdistan Democratic Party The Kurdistan Democratic Party ( ku, Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê; پارتی دیموکراتی کوردستان), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the largest party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Gov ...

is founded in

South Kurdistan Iraqi Kurdistan or Southern Kurdistan ( ku, باشووری کوردستان, Başûrê Kurdistanê) refers to the Kurdish-populated part of northern Iraq. It is considered one of the four parts of "Kurdistan" in Western Asia, which also incl ...

. * August 18 – The

Vergarola explosion The Vergarola Explosion (known in Italy as Vergarolla Massacre ) took place on 18 August 1946 when the sudden detonation of 12 large pieces of assorted ordnance, containing an estimated 9 tons of explosives, killed more than 100 people and inj ...

of ordnance in

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

kills 70. * August 30 – Bell's chief

, dies in a plane crash while flying the P-39 "Cobra I" over Lake Ontario preparing for an air race the following day.

September

September 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1145 – The main altar of Lund Cathedral, at the time seat of the archiepiscopal see of all the Nordic countries, is consecrated. * 1173 – The widow Stamira sacrifices herself in order to raise the siege of Ancon ...

–

1946 Turin Grand Prix The 1946 Turin Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Valentino Park on 1 September 1946. It is claimed to be the first ever Formula One Formula One (also known as Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of international racing for op ...

, the first official Formula One ''Grand Prix'', is held in

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

. *

September 2 Events Pre-1600 *44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...

– The

Interim Government of India The Interim Government of India, also known as the Provisional Government of India, formed on 2 September 1946 from the newly elected Constituent Assembly of India, had the task of assisting the transition of British India to independence. It ...

takes charge, with

as vice president, as part of the transition from the

British Raj The British Raj (; from Hindi ''rāj'': kingdom, realm, state, or empire) was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent; * * it is also called Crown rule in India, * * * * or Direct rule in India, * Quote: "Mill, who was himsel ...

to full independence for

and

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. * September 4 – Street violence between Muslims and Hindus erupts in

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

. * September 8 –

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

is declared a People's Republic after a

; King Simeon II leaves. * September 19 – The Council of Europe is founded following a speech by Winston Churchill at the University of Zurich. *

September 24 Events Pre-1600 *787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia. *1568 – Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near ...

–

Cathay Pacific Cathay Pacific Airways Limited (CPA), more widely known as Cathay Pacific (), is the flag carrier of Hong Kong, with its head office and main hub located at Hong Kong International Airport. The airline's operations and subsidiaries have sc ...

Airways is founded in

Hong Kong Hong Kong ( (US) or (UK); , ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China ( abbr. Hong Kong SAR or HKSAR), is a city and special administrative region of China on the eastern Pearl River Delt ...

, by American

Roy Farrell Roy Clinton Farrell (June 19, 1912 – January 3, 1996) was the American co-founder of Cathay Pacific Airways along with the Australian Sydney de Kantzow. Early years Farrell was born in Vernon, Texas. He went to China during World War II, and ev ...

and Australian

Sydney de Kantzow Sydney Hugh ("Syd") de Kantzow (9 November 1914 – 21 November 1957) was the Australian co-founder of Cathay Pacific Airways with American Roy Farrell. De Kantzow, the son of Charles Adolphus de Kantzow, was born to a family of Polish/Swedis ...

. *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

1946 Australian federal election The 1946 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 September 1946. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley ...

: Ben Chifley's Labor

Government A government is the system or group of people governing an organized community, generally a state. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislature, executive, and judiciary. Government is a ...

is re-elected with a reduced majority, defeating the

Liberal Liberal or liberalism may refer to: Politics * a supporter of liberalism ** Liberalism by country * an adherent of a Liberal Party * Liberalism (international relations) * Sexually liberal feminism * Social liberalism Arts, entertainment and m ...

Country A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while the ...

Coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

led by former

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is not ...

Robert Menzies The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of ''Hrōþ, Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory ...

. This is the first occasion where a Labor government successfully wins two elections in a row on a federal level, albeit with a swing against them; among the casualties are former Prime Minister Frank Forde. This is also the first election contested by the newly formed Liberal Party, which had replaced the United Australia Party as the main centre-right political party in Australia. **

George II of Greece George II ( el, Γεώργιος Βʹ, ''Geórgios II''; 19 July Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O.S.:_7_July.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>O.S.:_7_July">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html"_;"title="nowiki/ ...

returns to

Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...

October

* October 1 – Mensa, an international organization for people with a high

intelligence quotient An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardized tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence. The abbreviation "IQ" was coined by the psychologist William Stern for the German term ''Intelligenzqu ...

(IQ), is founded by

Roland Berrill Roland Fabien Berrill (1897–1962) was a British-Australian who was the co-founder (with the English barrister Lancelot Ware) of Mensa, the international society for intellectually gifted people. The founding of Mensa Mensa was founded by Ber ...

, an Australian-born lawyer, and Dr

Lancelot Ware Lancelot Lionel Ware OBE (5 June 191515 August 2000) was an English barrister and biochemist. He co-founded Mensa, the international society for intellectually gifted people, with the Australian barrister Roland Berrill in 1946. It was origin ...

, an English biochemist and lawyer, in

Oxford Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...

. *

October 2 Events Pre-1600 * 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor. * 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ot ...

– Communists take over in

. * October 6 – Sweden's Prime Minister

Per Albin Hansson Per Albin Hansson (28 October 1885 – 6 October 1946) was a Swedish politician, chairman of the Social Democrats from 1925 and two-time Prime Minister in four governments between 1932 and 1946, governing all that period save for a short-lived ...

dies in office of a heart attack. * October 10 – The

Noakhali genocide The Noakhali riots were a series of semi-organized massacres, rapes and abductions, combined with looting and arson of Hindu properties, perpetrated by the Muslim community in the districts of Noakhali in the Chittagong Division of Bengal (n ...

of Hindus in

Bengal Bengal ( ; bn, বাংলা/বঙ্গ, translit=Bānglā/Bôngô, ) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal, predom ...

begins, at the hands of Muslim mobs. * October 11 – After a few days of vacancy, the Swedish premiership is taken over by

Tage Erlander Tage Fritjof Erlander (; 13 June 1901 – 21 June 1985) was a Swedish politician who served as Prime Minister of Sweden from 1946 to 1969. He was the leader of the Swedish Social Democratic Party and led the government for an uninterrupted tenur ...

. * October 13 – France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. * 1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's i ...

– The

International Organization for Standardization The International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) is an international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Ar ...

(ISO) is founded. *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

–

Nuremberg trials The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies of World War II, Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II. Between 1939 and 1945 ...

: Hermann Göring, founder of the

Gestapo The (), abbreviated Gestapo (; ), was the official secret police of Nazi Germany and in German-occupied Europe. The force was created by Hermann Göring in 1933 by combining the various political police agencies of Prussia into one organi ...

and recently convicted

Nazi Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in ...

war criminal, poisons himself two hours before his scheduled execution. * October 16 ** The remaining ten Nazi war criminals sentenced to death at the

are executed by hanging, in a gymnasium in the

Palace of Justice, Nuremberg The Nuremberg Palace of Justice ''(german: Justizpalast)'' is a building complex in Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany. It was constructed from 1909 to 1916 and houses the appellate court (''Oberlandesgericht''), the regional court (''Landgericht'') ...

. ** The

' first meeting in

Long Island Long Island is a densely populated island in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of New York (state), New York, part of the New York metropolitan area. With over 8 million people, Long Island is the most populous island in the United Sta ...

is held. * October 23 – The United Nations General Assembly convenes for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing, Queens, New York City. * October 24 –

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the T ...

–

1946 Bihar riots Communal riots occurred in Bihar, India from 24 October to 11 November 1946, in which Hindu mobs targeted Muslim families. The riots were triggered by the Great Calcutta Killings, as well as the Noakhali riots earlier that year. Mahatma Gandhi ...

: Hindu mobs target Muslim families in the Indian state of

Bihar Bihar (; ) is a state in eastern India. It is the 2nd largest state by population in 2019, 12th largest by area of , and 14th largest by GDP in 2021. Bihar borders Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Be ...

, resulting in anywhere between 2,000 and 30,000 deaths.

November

November 4 Events Pre-1600 *1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier. * 1493 – Christopher Columbus reaches Leeward Island and Puerto Rico. * 1501 – Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's ...

–

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

is established, as a specialized agency of the

. * November 10 – At least 1,400 people are killed in an earthquake measuring 7.4 on the

Richter magnitude scale The Richter scale —also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale—is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Francis Richter and presented in his landmark 1935 ...

, in the

Ancash Region Ancash ( qu, Anqash; es, Áncash ) is a department and region in northern Peru. It is bordered by the departments of La Libertad on the north, Huánuco and Pasco on the east, Lima on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Its capital i ...

and

Quiches District Quiches District is one of ten districts of the Sihuas Province in the Ancash Region of northern Peru. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática The Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) ("National Institute of Sta ...

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

. *

November 12 Events Pre-1600 * 954 – The 13-year-old Lothair III is crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi as king of the West Frankish Kingdom. *1028 – Future Byzantine empress Zoe takes the throne as empress consort to Romanos III Argyros. * 13 ...

** A truce is declared between Indonesian nationalist troops and the Dutch army, in

. ** In Chicago, a branch of the Exchange National Bank (now part of the LaSalle Bank) opens the first 10

drive-up teller window A drive-through or drive-thru (a sensational spelling of the word ''through''), is a type of take-out service provided by a business that allows customers to purchase products without leaving their cars. The format was pioneered in the United ...

s. *

November 15 Events Pre-1600 * 655 – Battle of the Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. *1315 – Growth of the Old Swiss Confederacy: The Schweizer Eidgenossenschaft ambushes the army of Leopold I in the Battle of Morg ...

– The Netherlands recognizes the Republic of

. *

November 19 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Libius Severus is declared emperor of the Western Roman Empire. The real power is in the hands of the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 636 – The Rashidun Caliphate defeats the Sasanian Empire at the Battle o ...

Afghanistan Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan,; prs, امارت اسلامی افغانستان is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia. Referred to as the Heart of Asia, it is bordere ...

Iceland Iceland ( is, Ísland; ) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean. Iceland is the most sparsely populated country in Europe. Iceland's capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which (along with its s ...

and

Sweden Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden,The United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names states that the country's formal name is the Kingdom of SwedenUNGEGN World Geographical Names, Sweden./ref> is a Nordic country located on ...

join the

. **

1946 Romanian general election General elections were held in Kingdom of Romania, Romania on 19 November 1946, in the aftermath of World War II. The official results gave a victory to the Romanian Communist Party (PCR), its allies inside the People's Democratic Front (Romania) ...

: The

Romanian Communist Party The Romanian Communist Party ( ro, Partidul Comunist Român, , PCR) was a communist party in Romania. The successor to the pro-Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to a communist revolution that woul ...

wins 79.86% of the vote, through widespread intimidation tactics and

electoral fraud Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of ...

. * November 23 ** Vietnamese riot in Haiphong and clash with French troops. The French cruiser ''Suffren'' opens fire, killing 6,000 Vietnamese. ** The

Workers' Party of South Korea The Workers' Party of South Korea ( ko, 남조선로동당) was a communist party in South Korea from 1946 to 1949. It was founded on 23 November 1946 through the merger of the Communist Party of South Korea, New People's Party of Korea and a fa ...

is founded. *

November 27 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Luoyang is declared capital of the Eastern Han dynasty by Emperor Guangwu of Han. * 176 – Emperor Marcus Aurelius grants his son Commodus the rank of " Imperator" and makes him Supreme Commander of the ...

– Indian Prime Minister

appeals to the United States and the

to end

nuclear testing Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by ...

and to start nuclear disarmament, stating that such an action would "save humanity from the ultimate disaster." *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

– The All Indonesia Centre of Labour Organizations (SOBSI) is founded in

Jakarta Jakarta (; , bew, Jakarte), officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta ( id, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta) is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Lying on the northwest coast of Java, the world's most populous island, Jakarta ...

December

* December 1 – Miguel Alemán Valdés takes office as

President of Mexico The president of Mexico ( es, link=no, Presidente de México), officially the president of the United Mexican States ( es, link=no, Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Co ...

. *

December 2 Events Pre-1600 * 1244 – Pope Innocent IV arrives at Lyon for the First Council of Lyon. *1409 – The University of Leipzig opens. 1601–1900 *1697 – St Paul's Cathedral, rebuilt to the design of Sir Christopher Wren followin ...

– The

International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling The International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling is an international environmental agreement aimed at the "proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry". It governs the comme ...

is signed in Washington, D.C., to "provide for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry" through establishment of the International Whaling Commission. * December 7 – A fire at the Winecoff Hotel in

Atlanta Atlanta ( ) is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Georgia. It is the seat of Fulton County, the most populous county in Georgia, but its territory falls in both Fulton and DeKalb counties. With a population of 498,715 ...

, United States, kills 119. * December 11 –

UNICEF UNICEF (), originally called the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund in full, now officially United Nations Children's Fund, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing Humanitarianism, humanitarian and Devel ...

(the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund) is founded. *

December 12 Events Pre-1600 * 627 – Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II's Persian forces, commanded by General Rhahzadh. *1388 – Maria of Enghien sells the lordship of Argos and Nauplia to ...

** The

severs relations with Franco's Spain, and recommends that member countries sever diplomatic relations. **

Léon Blum André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister. As a Jew, he was heavily influenced by the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century. He was a disciple of French Socialist le ...

founds a government of socialist parties in France. ** Iran crisis of 1946: Iranian troops recapture the

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

province. * December 14 ** The

International Labour Organization The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards. Founded in October 1919 under the League of Nations, it is the first and o ...

becomes a specialized agency of the

. ** Proposed United States purchase of Greenland from Denmark: An offer is made through diplomatic channels. **

Aspen Skiing Company The Aspen Skiing Company, known locally as Ski Co, is a commercial enterprise based in Aspen, Colorado. The Aspen Skiing Company operates the Aspen/Snowmass resort complex, comprising four ski areas: Aspen Mountain, Aspen Highlands, Buttermilk, an ...

opens Aspen Mountain (ski area) in Colorado with

Ski Lift No. 1 The former Ski Lift No. 1 begins on Aspen Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States, and climbs up the slopes of Aspen Mountain. It was built in the late 1940s on the site of Aspen's first ski lift, known as the Boat Tow. In 1990 it was listed unde ...

, at the world's longest

chairlift An elevated passenger ropeway, or chairlift, is a type of aerial lift, which consists of a continuously circulating steel wire rope loop strung between two end terminals and usually over intermediate towers, carrying a series of chairs. They ...

at this time. *

December 15 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – Vandalic War: Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Tricamarum. * 687 – Pope Sergius I is elected as a compromise between antipopes Paschal and Theod ...

** The first French India Representative Assembly election is held. ** Iran crisis of 1946: Iranian troops recapture the Kurdish

. *

December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * 755 ...

–

Siam Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Mainland Southeast Asia, Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 mi ...

joins the

(changes its name to

1949 Events January * January 1 – A United Nations-sponsored ceasefire brings an end to the Indo-Pakistani War of 1947. The war results in a stalemate and the division of Kashmir, which still continues as of 2022. * January 2 – Luis ...

). * December 19 –

forces begin a war against French occupying forces in

, succeeding in 1954 with France's surrender at the

Battle of Dien Bien Phu The Battle of Dien Bien Phu (french: Bataille de Diên Biên Phu ; vi, Chiến dịch Điện Biên Phủ, ) was a climactic confrontation of the First Indochina War that took place between 13 March and 7 May 1954. It was fought between the Fr ...

. * December 20 –

1946 Nankai earthquake The 1946 Nankai earthquake (昭和南海地震 Shōwa period, Shōwa Nankai jishin) was a great earthquake in Nankaidō, Occupation of Japan, Japan. It occurred on December 21, 1946, at 04:19 Japan Standard Time, JST (December 20, 19:19 UTC). The ...

; At least 1,362 people are killed in an earthquake and associated tsunami in Japan. * December 22 – The

Havana Conference The Havana Conference of 1946 was a historic meeting of United States Mafia and Cosa Nostra leaders in Havana, Cuba. Supposedly arranged by Charles "Lucky" Luciano, the conference was held to discuss important mob policies, rules, and business i ...

begins between U.S.

organized crime Organized crime (or organised crime) is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for profit. While organized crime is generally th ...

bosses in

Havana Havana (; Spanish: ''La Habana'' ) is the capital and largest city of Cuba. The heart of the La Habana Province, Havana is the country's main port and commercial center.

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

. *

December 24 Events Pre-1600 * 502 – Chinese emperor Xiao Yan names Xiao Tong his heir designate. * 640 – Pope John IV is elected, several months after his predecessor's death. * 759 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, whe ...

– France's Fourth Republic is founded. * December 25 – The first artificial, self-sustaining

nuclear chain reaction In nuclear physics, a nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series of these reactions. The specific nu ...

in Europe is initiated, within the

Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

(Russian)

nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. Nuclear reactors are used at nuclear power plants for electricity generation and in nuclear marine propulsion. Heat from nu ...

F-1. *

December 31 It is known by a collection of names including: Saint Sylvester's Day, New Year's Eve or Old Years Day/Night, as the following day is New Year's Day. It is the last day of the year; the following day is January 1, the first day of the followin ...

– U.S. President

Harry S. Truman Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884December 26, 1972) was the 33rd president of the United States, serving from 1945 to 1953. A leader of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the 34th vice president from January to April 1945 under Franklin ...

delivers

Proclamation 2714 Presidential Proclamation 2714 (61 Stat. 1048) was signed by President Harry S. Truman on December 31, 1946, to officially declare the cessation of all hostilities in World War II. Even though the actual combat of the war ended May 8, 1945, in Vic ...

, which officially ends hostilities in World War II.

Date unknown

* The cancelled 1946

FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the ' ( FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The tournament ha ...

. * 8. March

Female suffrage Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote in elections. Beginning in the start of the 18th century, some people sought to change voting laws to allow women to vote. Liberal political parties would go on to grant women the right to vot ...

is enacted in

Belgium Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

and the Canadian province of

Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...

. * The first female police officers are hired in Korea and Japan. * The

Chinese Civil War The Chinese Civil War was fought between the Kuomintang-led government of the Republic of China and forces of the Chinese Communist Party, continuing intermittently since 1 August 1927 until 7 December 1949 with a Communist victory on m ...

intensifies between the

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially on the Chinese mainland and in Tai ...

and the

Chinese Communist Party The Chinese Communist Party (CCP), officially the Communist Party of China (CPC), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC). Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, the CCP emerged victoriou ...

. * The British government takes emergency powers to deal with the balance-of-payments crisis. * Eva Perón tours Spain, Italy and France on behalf of

, a circuit called the Rainbow Tour. * The 20 mm M61 Vulcan

Gatling gun The Gatling gun is a rapid-firing multiple-barrel firearm invented in 1861 by Richard Jordan Gatling. It is an early machine gun and a forerunner of the modern electric motor-driven rotary cannon. The Gatling gun's operation centered on a cyc ...

contract is released. * The

Casio is a Japanese multinational electronics manufacturing corporation headquartered in Shibuya, Tokyo, Japan. Its products include calculators, mobile phones, digital cameras, electronic musical instruments, and analogue and digital watches. It ...

company is founded by engineer Tadao Kashio in Japan.

Births

January

Gene Siskel at the 61st Academy Awards cropped

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

Alfonso Caruana Alfonso Caruana (; born January 1, 1946) is an Italian-Canadian crime boss and member of the Sicilian Mafia and was the head of the Sicilian Cuntrera-Caruana Mafia clan's branch in Canada. In 1997, he was sentenced ''in absentia'' in Italy, on s ...

, Italian mobster **

Roberto Rivelino Roberto Rivellino (also Rivelino, ; ; born 1 January 1946) is a Brazilian football pundit and retired footballer. He was one of the stars of Brazil's 1970 FIFA World Cup winning team. Rivellino currently works as a pundit for Brazilian TV Cultur ...

, Brazilian football player *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

** John Paul Jones, English rock bassist (

Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin were an English rock band formed in London in 1968. The group comprised vocalist Robert Plant, guitarist Jimmy Page, bassist/keyboardist John Paul Jones, and drummer John Bonham. With a heavy, guitar-driven sound, they are ci ...

, Them Crooked Vultures) **

Cissy King Claire Yvonne King (born January 3, 1946) professionally Cissy King, is an American-born singer and dancer best known as a featured performer on ''The Lawrence Welk Show'' television program. King was born in Trinidad, Colorado. Her father w ...

, American dancer, singer *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

–

Diana Ewing Diana Ewing (born ) is an American actress. Early years Ewing was born in Honolulu. In her teenage years, she acted in plays at Punahou School and Honolulu Community Theater. She is the daughter of William H. Ewing and Marjorie A. Ewing. Her ...

, American actress *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

– Diane Keaton, American actress, film director ('' Annie Hall'') *

–

Syd Barrett Roger Keith "Syd" Barrett (6 January 1946 – 7 July 2006) was an English singer, songwriter, and musician who co-founded the rock band Pink Floyd in 1965. Barrett was their original frontman and primary songwriter, becoming known for his ...

, English rock guitarist, singer and songwriter (

Pink Floyd Pink Floyd are an English rock band formed in London in 1965. Gaining an early following as one of the first British psychedelic music, psychedelic groups, they were distinguished by their extended compositions, sonic experimentation, philo ...

) (d.

2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, votes to declare ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– Robby Krieger, American rock musician (

The Doors The Doors were an American Rock music, rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1965, with vocalist Jim Morrison, keyboardist Ray Manzarek, guitarist Robby Krieger, and drummer John Densmore. They were among the most controversial and influential ro ...

) *

January 9 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. *1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the J ...

Levon Ter-Petrosyan Levon Hakobi Ter-Petrosyan ( hy, Լևոն Հակոբի Տեր-Պետրոսյան; born 9 January 1945), also known by his initials LTP, is an Armenian politician who served as the first president of Armenia from 1991 until his resignation in 1998 ...

, President of Armenia **

Mogens Lykketoft Mogens Lykketoft (; born 9 January 1946) is a Danish politician who served as Leader of the Social Democrats (''Socialdemokraterne'') from 2002 to 2005. He succeeded Poul Nyrup Rasmussen as party leader. After losing the 2005 parliamentary elec ...

, Danish politician *

Kalidas Karmakar Kalidas Karmakar (10 January 1946 – 18 October 2019) was a Bangladeshi artist. He specialized in viscosity printing. He was awarded Shilpakala Padak (2016) and the Ekushey Padak (2018) by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution to fin ...

, Bangladeshi artist ** Ha Yu, Hong Kong actor *

January 12 Events Pre-1600 * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople, and his general, Basiliscus gains control of the empire. *1528 – Gustav I of Sweden is crowned King of Sweden, having already reigned s ...

–

George Duke George M. Duke (January 12, 1946 – August 5, 2013) was an American keyboardist, composer, singer-songwriter and record producer. He worked with numerous artists as arranger, music director, writer and co-writer, record producer and as a pr ...

, African-American musician (d.

2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...

) *

January 14 Events Pre-1600 *1236 – King Henry III of England marries Eleanor of Provence. *1301 – Andrew III of Hungary dies, ending the Árpád dynasty in Hungary. 1601–1900 *1639 – The "Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Fundamenta ...

Feró Nagy Ferenc "Feró" Nagy (born 14 January 1946 in Letenye, Hungary) is a Hungary, Hungarian rock singer and musician. Although not proficient on any instrument, he can play the guitar, the harmonica, the saxophone and the piano. Career Feró studie ...

, Hungarian singer **

Harold Shipman Harold Frederick Shipman (14 January 1946 – 13 January 2004), known by the public as Doctor Death and to acquaintances as Fred Shipman, was an English general practitioner and serial killer. He is considered to be one of the most prolif ...

, British serial killer (d.

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 6 ...

) *

Kabir Bedi Kabir Bedi ( pa, ਕਬੀਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੇਦੀ; born 16 January 1946) is an Indian actor. His career has spanned three continents covering India, the United States and especially Italy among other European countries in three media: fi ...

, Indian actor ** Michael Coats, American astronaut **

Katia Ricciarelli Catiuscia Maria Stella Ricciarelli (born 16 January 1946), known as Katia Ricciarelli (), is an Italian soprano and actress. Biography Born in Rovigo, Veneto, to a very poor family, she struggled during her younger years when she studied music. ...

, Italian singer *

January 18 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Seven-year-old Leo II succeeds his maternal grandfather Leo I as Byzantine emperor. He dies ten months later. * 532 – Nika riots in Constantinople fail. * 1126 – Emperor Huizong abdicates the Chi ...

Paul Shmyr Paul Shmyr (January 18, 1946 – September 2, 2004) was a Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the World Hockey Association (WHA) and National Hockey League (NHL). Playing career Shmyr was one of the top defensive stars in th ...

, Canadian former National Hockey League player (d.

) **

Joseph Deiss Joseph Deiss (born 18 January 1946) is a Swiss economist and politician who served as a Member of the Swiss Federal Council from 1999 to 2006. A member of the Christian Democratic People's Party (CVP/PDC), he first headed the Federal Departmen ...

, Swiss Federal Councillor *

Julian Barnes Julian Patrick Barnes (born 19 January 1946) is an English writer. He won the Man Booker Prize in 2011 with ''The Sense of an Ending'', having been shortlisted three times previously with '' Flaubert's Parrot'', ''England, England'', and '' Art ...

, English novelist **

Dolly Parton Dolly Rebecca Parton (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, actress, philanthropist, and businesswoman, known primarily for her work in country music. After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Parton made her album d ...

, American singer-songwriter, actress, businesswoman and philanthropist *

–

David Lynch David Keith Lynch (born January 20, 1946) is an American filmmaker, visual artist and actor. A recipient of an Academy Honorary Award in 2019, Lynch has received three Academy Award nominations for Best Director, and the César Award for Be ...

, American film director *

Malcolm McLaren Malcolm Robert Andrew McLaren (22 January 1946 – 8 April 2010) was an English impresario, visual artist, singer, songwriter, musician, clothes designer and boutique owner, notable for combining these activities in an inventive and provoc ...

, English singer, songwriter, musician and music manager (d.

2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...

) **

Serge Savard Serge Aubrey Savard, OC, CQ (born January 22, 1946) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman, most famously with the Montreal Canadiens of the National Hockey League (NHL). He is the Senior Vice President, Hockey Operations with t ...

, Canadian hockey player, executive *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

–

Arnoldo Alemán José Arnoldo Alemán Lacayo (born 23 January 1946) is a Nicaraguan politician who served as the 81st president of Nicaragua from 10 January 1997 to 10 January 2002. In 2003, he was convicted of corruption and sentenced to a 20-year prison term; ...

President of Nicaragua The president of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua. The office was ...

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. *1438 – The Cou ...

–

Michael Ontkean Michael Leonard Ontkean (born 24 January 1946) is a retired Canadian actor. Born and raised in Vancouver, British Columbia, Ontkean relocated to the United States to attend the University of New Hampshire on a hockey scholarship before pursuing ...

, Canadian actor ('' The Rookies'') *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Géza Bereményi, Hungarian writer, screenwriter and film director *

January 26 Events Pre-1600 * 661 – The Rashidun Caliphate is effectively ended with the assassination of Ali, the last caliph. *1531 – The 6.4–7.1 1531 Lisbon earthquake, Lisbon earthquake kills about thirty thousand people. *1564 – ...

Gene Siskel Eugene Kal Siskel (January 26, 1946 – February 20, 1999) was an American film critic and journalist for the ''Chicago Tribune''. Along with colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted a series of movie review programs on television from 1975 until his d ...

, American film critic (''

Sneak Previews ''Sneak Previews'' (known as ''Opening Soon...at a Theater Near You'' from 1975 to 1977 and ''Sneak Previews Goes Video'' from 1989 to 1991) is an American film review show that ran for over two decades on Public Broadcasting Service (PBS). It wa ...

'') (d.

1999 File:1999 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The funeral procession of King Hussein of Jordan in Amman; the 1999 İzmit earthquake kills over 17,000 people in Turkey; the Columbine High School massacre, one of the first major school shootin ...

) ** Michel Delpech, French singer, songwriter and actor (d.

) *

January 27 Events Pre-1600 * 98 – Trajan succeeds his adoptive father Nerva as Roman emperor; under his rule the Roman Empire will reach its maximum extent. * 945 – The co-emperors Stephen and Constantine are overthrown and forced to becom ...

– Nedra Talley, African-American singer (

The Ronettes The Ronettes were an American girl group from Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York City. The group consisted of lead singer Veronica Bennett (later known as Ronnie Spector), her older sister Estelle Bennett, and their cousin Nedra Talley. The ...

) *

January 29 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – Sergius III is elected pope, after coming out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher. * 946 – Caliph Al-Mustakfi is blinded and deposed by Emir Mu'izz al-Dawla, ruler o ...

–

Bettye LaVette Bettye LaVette (born Betty Jo Haskins, January 29, 1946) is an American soul singer-songwriter who made her first record at sixteen, but achieved only intermittent fame until 2005, when her album ''I've Got My Own Hell to Raise'' was released to ...

, African-American soul singer, songwriter *

– Terry Kath, American rock musician (

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ...

) (d.

1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd go ...

)

February

Tyne Daly at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival

– Elisabeth Sladen, English actress (d.

2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

Isaias Afwerki Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in M ...

President of Eritrea This is a list of heads of state of Eritrea. Since the establishment of the office of President in 1993, the office has been held by Isaias Afwerki. The President is the head of state and head of government of Eritrea, as well as commander-in-c ...

Blake Clark Blake Clark (born February 2, 1946) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. He is best known as Chet Hunter on ''Boy Meets World'' and Harry "The Hardware Store Guy" on ''Home Improvement''. Clark has voiced Slinky Dog in the ''Toy Story'' f ...

, American actor, comedian *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

–

Charlotte Rampling Tessa Charlotte Rampling (born 5 February 1946) is an English actress, known for her work in European arthouse films in English, French, and Italian. An icon of the Swinging Sixties, she began her career as a model. She was cast in the role ...

, British actress *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

Kate McGarrigle Kate McGarrigle (February 6, 1946 – January 18, 2010)Obituary at CBC ...

, Canadian singer, songwriter (d.

) ** Jim Turner, American politician *

February 7 Events Pre-1600 * 457 – Leo I becomes the Eastern Roman emperor. * 987 – Bardas Phokas the Younger and Bardas Skleros, Byzantine generals of the military elite, begin a wide-scale rebellion against Emperor Basil II. * 1301 &nd ...

Sammy Johns Sammy Reginald Johns (February 7, 1946 – January 4, 2013) was an American singer and songwriter, best known for his million-selling 1975 hit single, "Chevy Van (song), Chevy Van". Career Johns was born in Charlotte, North Carolina. Johns ...

, American country music singer, songwriter (d.

) ** Pete Postlethwaite, English actor (d.

) *

February 9 Events Pre-1600 * 474 – Zeno is crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. * 1003 – Boleslaus III is restored to authority with armed support from Bolesław I the Brave of Poland. * 1539 – The first recorded race is hel ...

– Seán Neeson, Northern Irish politician *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

** Joe Estevez, American actor ** Colin Matthews, British composer *

** Bernard Dowiyogo, 7-time President of Nauru (d.

2003 File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...

) **

Gregory Hines Gregory Oliver Hines (February 14, 1946 – August 9, 2003) was an American dancer, actor, choreographer, and singer. He is one of the most celebrated tap dancers of all time. As an actor, he is best known for '' Wolfen'' (1981), '' The Cotton C ...

, African-American dancer, actor (d.

) *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...

–

Marvin Sease Marvin Monnie Sease (February 16, 1946 – February 8, 2011)
- accessed February 2011 was an American 2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

– Karen Silkwood, American activist (d.

1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; f ...

) *

Brenda Blethyn Brenda Blethyn (''née'' Bottle; 20 February 1946) is an English actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including a Golden Globe, a BAFTA, a Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actress, and two Academy Award nominations. Blethyn ...

, British actress **

Sandy Duncan Sandra Kay Duncan (born February 20, 1946) is an American actress, comedian, dancer and singer. She is known for her performances in the Broadway revival of ''Peter Pan'' and in the sitcom ''The Hogan Family''. Duncan has been nominated for thr ...

, American singer, dancer, comedian and actress **

J. Geils John Warren Geils Jr. () (February 20, 1946 – April 11, 2017), known professionally as J. Geils or Jay Geils, was an American guitarist. He was known as the leader of The J. Geils Band. Growing up in New York City, Geils became interested in ...

, American guitarist (

The J. Geils Band The J. Geils Band was an American rock band formed in 1967, in Worcester, Massachusetts, under the leadership of guitarist John "J." Geils. The original band members included vocalist Peter Wolf, harmonica and saxophone player Richard "Magic ...

) (d.

2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...

) *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The Prus ...

Alan Rickman Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (21 February 1946 – 14 January 2016) was an English actor and director. Known for his deep, languid voice, he trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London and became a member of the Royal Shakespe ...

, English actor, film director (d.

) **

Anthony Daniels Anthony Daniels ( ; born 21 February 1946) is an English actor and mime artist, best known for playing in 10 ''Star Wars'' films. He is the only actor to have either appeared in or been involved with all theatrical films in the series, and h ...

, English actor ** Vito Rizzuto, Italian-Canadian mobster (d.

) **

Monica Johnson Monica Johnson (February 21, 1946 – November 1, 2010) was an American screenwriter whose film credits included ''Mother'', ''Lost in America'', '' Modern Romance'', '' Jekyll and Hyde... Together Again'' and '' The Muse''. Her television credi ...

, American screenwriter (d.

) **

Tyne Daly Ellen Tyne Daly (; born February 21, 1946) is an American actress. She has won six Emmy Awards for her television work, a Tony Award and is a 2011 American Theatre Hall of Fame inductee. Daly began her career on stage in summer stock in New York, ...

, American actress ( Cagney & Lacey) *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

–

Jiří Bělohlávek Jiří Bělohlávek, (; 24 February 1946 – 31 May 2017) was a Czech conductor. He was a leading interpreter of Czech classical music, and became chief conductor of the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra in 1990, a role he would serve on two occasio ...

, Czech orchestral conductor (d.

) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

Andrew Ang Andrew Ang . (born 25 February 1946) is a Singaporean former judge of the Supreme Court. He obtained a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Singapore in 1971 and a Master of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1973. He lectured for a few years at ...

, judge of the Supreme Court of Singapore ** Franz Xaver Kroetz, German dramatist ** Jean Todt, French motorsport manager *

–

Ahmed Zewail Ahmed Hassan Zewail ( ar, أحمد حسن زويل, ; February 26, 1946 – August 2, 2016) was an Egyptian-American chemist, known as the "father of femtochemistry". He was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry ...

, Egyptian-born chemist,

Nobel Prize The Nobel Prizes ( ; sv, Nobelpriset ; no, Nobelprisen ) are five separate prizes that, according to Alfred Nobel's will of 1895, are awarded to "those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind." Alfr ...

laureate (d.

) *

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

–

Alexandra Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn Alexandra Anastasia Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn, (''née'' Phillips; 27 February 1946 – 10 December 2018) was a British peeress and philanthropist. She was the wife of James Hamilton, 5th Duke of Abercorn, and a descendant of Russian poet ...

, British aristocrat (d.

2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...

) *

February 28 Events Pre-1600 *202 BC – Liu Bang is enthroned as the Emperor of China, beginning four centuries of rule by the Han dynasty. * 870 – The Fourth Council of Constantinople closes. *1525 – Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on ...

** Don Ciccone, American singer, songwriter ( The Critters) (d.

) ** Robin Cook, British politician (d.

2005 File:2005 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf of Mexico; the Funeral of Pope John Paul II is held in Vatican City; "Me at the zoo", the first video ever to be uploaded to YouTube; Eris was discovered in ...

) ** Don Francisco, American Christian musician ** Syreeta Wright, African-American singer, songwriter ("

With You I'm Born Again "With You I'm Born Again" is a 1979 duet written by Carol Connors and David Shire that originated on the soundtrack of the 1979 motion picture ''Fast Break''. It was performed by Motown recording artists Billy Preston and Syreeta Wright (credited ...

") (d.

)

March

Frank Welker Photo Op GalaxyCon Richmond 2020

March 1 Events Pre-1600 *509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first Roman triumph, triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor ...

Jan Kodeš Jan Kodeš (born 1 March 1946) is a Czech former professional tennis player. A three-time major singles champion, Kodeš was one of the premier players in the early 1970s. Kodeš's greatest success was achieved on the clay courts of the French ...

, Czech tennis player **

Lana Wood Lana Wood (born Svetlana Lisa Gurdin; March 1, 1946) is an American actress and producer. She made her film debut in ''The Searchers'' as a child actress and later achieved notability for playing Sandy Webber on the TV series '' Peyton Place'' a ...

, American actress, producer *

Michael Ashcroft Michael Anthony Ashcroft, Baron Ashcroft, (born 4 March 1946) is a British-Belizean businessman, pollster and politician. He is a former deputy chairman of the Conservative Party. Ashcroft founded Michael A. Ashcroft Associates in 1972 and is ...

, English entrepreneur **

Haile Gerima Haile Gerima (born March 4, 1946) is an Ethiopian filmmaker who lives and works in the United States. He is a leading member of the L.A. Rebellion film movement, also known as the Los Angeles School of Black Filmmakers. His films have receive ...

, Ethiopian filmmaker **

Harvey Goldsmith Harvey Goldsmith (born 4 March 1946 in Edgware, Middlesex) is an English performing arts promoter. He is best known as a promoter of rock concerts, charity concerts, television broadcasts for the Prince's Trust and more recently the Teenage ...

, British impresario *

** Murray Head, English singer, actor **

Lova Moor Lova Moor (born Marie-Claude Jourdain; 5 March 1946) is a French dancer and singer. Biography Lova Moor was born in La Grève-sur-Mignon, Charente-Maritime. She began her career as a nude dancer. Hired by Alain Bernardin at the Crazy Horse Sa ...

, French singer, dancer * March 6 ** Larry Huber, American television producer, animator **

David Gilmour David Jon Gilmour ( ; born 6 March 1946) is an English guitarist, singer, songwriter, and member of the rock band Pink Floyd. He joined as guitarist and co-lead vocalist in 1967, shortly before the departure of founding member Syd Barrett. P ...

, English rock musician (

) *

** John Heard, American actor (d.

) **

Okko Kamu Okko Tapani Kamu (born 7 March 1946, Helsinki, Finland) is a Finnish orchestral conductor and violinist. Kamu was born into a family of musicians. His father played double bass in the Helsinki Philharmonic. He began violin studies at age two a ...

, Finnish conductor, violinist **

Leandro Mendoza Leandro Ramos Mendoza (March 17, 1946 – October 7, 2013) was a Filipino politician who served as Executive Secretary of the Philippines. He previously served as Chief of the Philippine National Police and DOTC Secretary. Early life Mendoza ...

, Filipino politician (d.

) **

Peter Wolf Peter Wolf (born March 7, 1946) is an American musician best known as the lead vocalist of the J. Geils Band from 1967 to 1983 and as a solo artist. Early life and education Peter Wolf was born Peter Walter Blankfield on March 7, 1946 in The ...

, American rock musician (

) * March 10 –

Mike Hollands William Michael Hollands (born 10 March 1946) is the creative director and founder of Melbourne-based animation house Act3animation. His best known directorial work, the tragicomedy ''Piñata'', was a nominee at the 2005 Annecy International ...

, Australian animator *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

Frank Welker Franklin Wendell Welker (born March 12, 1946) is an American voice actor. He began his career in the 1960s, and holds over 860 film, television, and video game credits as of 2022, making him one of the most prolific voice actors of all time. With ...

, American voice actor, singer **

Liza Minnelli Liza May Minnelli ( ; born March 12, 1946) is an American actress, singer, dancer, and choreographer. Known for her commanding stage presence and powerful alto singing voice, Minnelli is among a rare group of performers awarded an Emmy, Grammy ...

, American singer, actress *

March 13 Events Pre-1600 *624 – The Battle of Badr, the first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh. *1567 – The Battle of Oosterweel, traditionally regarded as the start of the Eighty Years' War. *1591 – At the Battle of Tond ...

–

Yonatan Netanyahu Yonatan "Yoni" Netanyahu ( he, יונתן נתניהו; March 13, 1946 – July 4, 1976) was an American-born Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer who commanded the elite commando unit Sayeret Matkal during Operation Entebbe, an operation to rescu ...

, American-born Israeli Army officer (d. in Operation Entebbe) (d.

1976 Events January * January 3 – The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights enters into force. * January 5 – The Pol Pot regime proclaims a new constitution for Democratic Kampuchea. * January 11 – The 1976 Phila ...

) *

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

Álvaro Arzú Álvaro Enrique Arzú Yrigoyen (; 14 March 1946 – 27 April 2018) was a Guatemalan politician and businessman who served as the 32nd President of Guatemala from 14 January 1996 until 14 January 2000. He was elected Mayor of Guatemala City on ...

, 32nd President of Guatemala (d.

) **

Wes Unseld Westley Sissel Unseld Sr. (March 14, 1946June 2, 2020) was an American professional basketball player, coach and executive. He spent his entire National Basketball Association (NBA) career with the Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets. Unseld ...

, American basketball player (d.

2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...

) *

March 15 Events Pre-1600 * 474 BC – Roman consul Aulus Manlius Vulso celebrates an ovation for concluding the war against Veii and securing a forty years' truce. *44 BC – The assassination of Julius Caesar takes place. * 493 – Odoa ...

–

Bobby Bonds Bobby Lee Bonds (March 15, 1946 – August 23, 2003) was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball from to , primarily with the San Francisco Giants. Noted for his outstanding combination of power hitting and speed, he was the first pl ...

, American baseball player, manager (d.

) * March 17 –

Georges J. F. Köhler Georges Jean Franz Köhler (; 17 April 1946 – 1 March 1995) was a German biologist. Together with César Milstein and Niels Kaj Jerne, Köhler won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984, "for work on the immune system and the prod ...

, German biologist, recipient of the

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute for outstanding discoveries in physiology or medicine. The Nobel Prize is not a single prize, but five separate prizes that, accord ...

(d. 1995) * March 18 – Larry Langford, American politician (d. 2019) * March 19 – Steve Halliwell, English actor * March 21 – Timothy Dalton, Welsh actor * March 25 – Cliff Balsom, English footballer * March 26 – Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias, Spanish judge (d. 2019) * March 27 ** Mike Jackson (left-handed pitcher), Mike Jackson, American baseball pitcher ** Miklós Lukáts, Hungarian politician (d. 2022) * March 28 – Alejandro Toledo, 63rd President of Peru * March 29 ** Segun Bucknor, Nigerian musician, journalist (d.

) ** Billy Thorpe, English-born Australian singer, songwriter (d. 2007) * March 30 – Carolyn Simpson, judge of the Supreme Court of New South Wales * March 31 ** Gonzalo Márquez, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player (d. 1984) ** F'Murr, French comics artist (d.

)

April

King Carl XVI Gustaf at National Day 2009 Cropped

– Ronnie Lane, English musician (Small Faces, Faces (band), Faces) (d. 1997) * April 2 – Hamengkubuwono X, Sultan of the historic Yogyakarta Sultanate in

, the current Governor of Yogyakarta Special Region * April 3 – Hanna Suchocka, Prime Minister of Poland * April 4 – Dave Hill, English guitarist (''Slade'') *

** Jane Asher, English actress ** János Bródy, Hungarian singer, guitarist, composer and songwriter ** Björn Granath, Swedish actor (d.

) * April 7 ** Colette Besson, French track and field athlete (d.

) ** Léon Krier, Luxembourgian architect * April 8 ** Catfish Hunter, American baseball player (d.

) ** Tim Thomerson, American actor and comedian *

– David Angell, American television producer (d. 2001) * April 11 – Chris Burden, American artist (d. 2015) * April 12 – Ed O'Neill, American actor (''Married... with Children'') * April 13 – Al Green, African-American singer, songwriter and record producer * April 15 – Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1946), Marsha Hunt, American actress, singer and novelist * April 16 – Margot Adler, American journalist *

– Hayley Mills, English actress * April 19 – Tim Curry, British actor, voice artist and singer (''The Rocky Horror Picture Show'') * April 20 ** Julien Poulin, Canadian actor ** Ricardo Maduro, President of Honduras * April 22 ** John Waters, American film director ** Paul Davies, English physicist * April 24 – Phil Robertson, American businessman and reality television personality * April 25 ** John Fox (statistician), John Fox, British statistician ** Talia Shire, American actress (''Rocky'') ** Strobe Talbott, American journalist ** Vladimir Zhirinovsky, Russian politician (d. 2022) * April 26 ** Jennie Stoller, British actress (d.

) ** Richard S. Fuld Jr., American banker * April 28 – Larissa Grunig, American public relations theorist, feminist * April 29 – Franc Roddam, English film director, businessman, screenwriter, television producer and publisher * April 30 ** King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden ** Bill Plympton, American animator, graphic designer, cartoonist, and filmmaker

May

* May 1 – Joanna Lumley, English actress, author * May 2 ** Lesley Gore, American rock singer ("It's My Party (Lesley Gore song), It's My Party") (d. 2015) ** Ralf Gothóni, Finnish pianist, conductor and composer * May 3 – Mohammed Ibrahim (businessman), Mohammed Ibrahim, businessman and philanthropist * May 4 – John Watson (racing driver), John Watson, Northern Irish racecar driver * May 5 ** Jim Kelly (martial artist), Jim Kelly, African-American actor, martial artist and tennis player (d.

) ** Kebby Musokotwane, Prime Minister of Zambia (d. 1996) ** Beth Carvalho, Brazilian samba singer, guitarist and composer (d. 2019) * May 6 – Daouda Malam Wanké, 6th President of Niger (d.

) * May 7 ** Thelma Houston, African-American singer ("Don't Leave Me This Way") ** Bill Kreutzmann, American drummer (''Grateful Dead'') ** Michael Rosen, British novelist, poet *

– Candice Bergen, American actress *

** Donovan, Scottish rock musician ("Sunshine Superman (song), Sunshine Superman") ** Birutė Galdikas, Canadian anthropologist, primatologist, conservationist, ethologist and author ** Graham Gouldman, English songwriter, musician (10cc, Wax (pop band), Wax) ** Dave Mason, English rock musician (Traffic (band), Traffic) ** Murade Isaac Murargy, Mozambican diplomat, politician * May 11 – Robert Jarvik, American physicist, artificial heart inventor * May 12 – Richard Bruce Silverman, John Evans Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University * May 13 – Tim Pigott-Smith, English actor, author (d.

) * May 16 – Robert Fripp, British musician * May 17 – Udo Lindenberg, German musician * May 18 ** Reggie Jackson, American baseball player ** Andreas Katsulas, American actor (d.

) * May 19 ** André the Giant, French professional wrestler and actor (d. 1993) ** Claude Lelièvre, Belgian Commissioner for Children Rights ** Roger Sloman, English actor * May 20 ** Craig Patrick, American-Canadian hockey player, coach and manager ** Cher, American actress, rock singer * May 22 ** George Best, Northern Irish footballer (d.

) ** Howard Kendall, English footballer (d. 2015) * May 23 – Frederik de Groot, Dutch actor * May 24 ** Tansu Çiller, Turkish politician, Prime Minister of Turkey ** Irena Szewińska, Polish Olympic sprinter (d.

) ** Nicolau dos Reis Lobato, East Timorese politician, acting President of East Timor (d.

) *

– Mick Ronson, English guitarist (d. 1993) * May 28 ** Bruce Alexander (actor), Bruce Alexander, English actor ** K. Satchidanandan, Malayalam poet * May 29 – Fernando Buesa, Basque politician (d. 2000) * May 30 ** Dragan Džajić, Serbian footballer ** Candy Lightner, American founder of Mothers Against Drunk Driving * May 31 – Adriana Bittel, Romanian writer

June

– Brian Cox (actor), Brian Cox, Scottish actor * June 2 ** Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer (d.

) ** Tomomichi Nishimura, Japanese voice actor *

– Michael Clarke (musician), Michael Clarke, American musician (d. 1993) * June 5 – Stefania Sandrelli, Italian actress * June 7 ** Jenny Jones (presenter), Jenny Jones, Palestinian-Canadian comedian, talk show hostess ** Zbigniew Seifert, Polish musician (d. 1979) ** Robert Tilton, American televangelist, author *

– Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of St. Lucia * June 10 – Fernando Balzaretti, Mexican actor (d. 1998) * June 11 – Biancamaria Frabotta, Italian writer (d. 2022) * June 13 – Paul L. Modrich, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry * June 14 – Donald Trump, American businessman, television personality, 45th President of the United States * June 15 ** Noddy Holder, English rock singer (Slade) ** Janet Lennon, American singer (The Lennon Sisters) ** Demis Roussos, Greek singer (d. 2015) *

– Marcy Kaptur, U.S. Representative for the Ninth Congressional District of Ohio * June 18 ** Bruiser Brody, American professional wrestler (d. 1988) ** Russell Ash, British author (d.

) ** Fabio Capello, Italian football player, manager * June 21 ** Vincenzo Camporini, Italian Chief of the Defence General Staff ** Kiril Ivkov, Bulgarian football defender * June 22 ** Kay Redfield Jamison, American psychiatrist ** Fabio Enzo, Italian football player (d. 2021) ** Józef Oleksy, 7th Prime Minister of Poland (d. 2015) *

– Ted Shackelford, American actor * June 24 ** Nguyễn Đức Soát, Vietnamese general ** Ellison Onizuka, American astronaut (d. 1986) ** Robert Reich, 22nd United States Secretary of Labor * June 25 ** Pete Vanderwaal, Dutch engineer ** Henk van Kessel, Dutch road racer * June 26 ** Maria von Welser, German TV journalist, President of UNICEF Germany ** Anthony John Valentine Obinna, Nigerian priest ** Leo Rossi, American actor ** Ricky Jay, American actor, author, and magician (d.

) * June 27 – Russ Critchfield, American basketball player * June 28 ** David Duckham, English rugby union player ** Gilda Radner, American comedian, actress (''Saturday Night Live'') (d. 1989) ** Jaime Guzmán, Chilean lawyer and senator, founder of the Independent Democratic Union (d. 1991) * June 29 ** Egon von Fürstenberg, Swiss fashion designer (d.

) ** Gitte Hænning, Danish singer ** Ram Gopal Yadav, Indian politician ** Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama *

– Allan Hunter (footballer), Allan Hunter, Irish footballer, manager

July

** Alceu Valença, Brazilian composer, writer, performer, actor, and poet ** Mireya Moscoso, President of Panama * July 2 – Richard Axel, American scientist, recipient of the

* July 3 – Leszek Miller, Prime Minister of Poland *

** Sam Hunt (poet), Sam Hunt, New Zealand poet ** Michael Milken, American financier ** Ed O'Ross, American actor ** Roy Cimatu, Filipino general * July 5 ** Gerard 't Hooft, Dutch physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate ** Ram Vilas Paswan, Indian politician * July 6 ** George W. Bush, 43rd President of the United States, 46th Governor of Texas ** Fred Dryer, American football defensive end, actor (''Hunter (1984 U.S. TV series), Hunter'') ** Tiemen Groen, Dutch cyclist ** Peter Singer, Australian philosopher ** Sylvester Stallone, American actor, screenwriter and film director (''Rocky'') * July 7 – Tadeusz Nowicki, Polish tennis player * July 8 ** Massimo Vanni, Italian actor ** Daniela Beneck, Italian freestyle swimmer * July 9 **Mitch Mitchell, English drummer (The Jimi Hendrix Experience) (d. 2008) ** Bon Scott, Australian rock singer (AC/DC) (d. 1980) * July 10 ** Oliver Martin (cyclist), Oliver Martin, American cyclist ** Sue Lyon, American actress (d. 2019) * July 11 ** Jean-Pierre Coopman, Belgian boxer ** Jack Wrangler, American porn star (d. 2009) * July 12 – Ernesto Mahieux, Italian actor * July 13 ** João Bosco, Brazilian singer, songwriter ** Cheech Marin, Mexican-American actor, comedian (Cheech and Chong) * July 14 ** Vincent Pastore, American actor ** John Wood (actor, born 1946), John Wood, Australian actor * July 15 **Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei ** Linda Ronstadt, American singer, songwriter ("You're No Good") *

** Toshio Furukawa, Japanese voice actor ** Dave Goelz, American puppeteer ** Monica Aspelund, Finnish singer ** Ron Yary, American football player * July 17 ** Claudia Islas, Mexican actress ** Alun Armstrong, English actor * July 18 – Kanat Saudabayev, Kazakhstani politician * July 19 – Ilie Năstase, Romanian tennis player * July 20 – Htin Kyaw, 9th President of Myanmar *

– Domingo Cavallo, Argentine economist, politician *

** Danny Glover, African-American actor, film director and political activist ** Mireille Mathieu, French singer ** Petre Roman, 53rd Prime Minister of Romania ** Johnson Toribiong, 8th President of Palau * July 23 – Sally Flynn, American singer *

– Rita Marley, Cuban-Jamaican singer * July 27 ** Gwynne Gilford, American actress ** Jacques Sylla, 12th Prime Minister of Madagascar (d. 2009) * July 28 – Jonathan Edwards (musician), Jonathan Edwards, American singer, songwriter and guitarist * July 29 – Ximena Armas, Chilean painter * July 30 ** Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994) ** A. Rahman Hassan, Malaysian singer (d. 2019)

August

Queen Anne-Marie of Greece 2 Allan Warren

* August 1 ** Mike Emrick, American sportscaster ** Sandi Griffiths, American singer *

– Jack Straw, English politician * August 5 ** Reinhard Tritscher, Austrian alpine skier (d.

) ** Ron Silliman, American poet ** Loni Anderson, American actress (''WKRP in Cincinnati'') ** Shirley Ann Jackson, African-American President of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Chair of the President's Intelligence Advisory Board * August 6 – Allan Holdsworth, British musician (d.

) * August 8 – Ralph Gonsalves, 4th Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines * August 9 – Jim Kiick, American football player * August 11 – Óscar Berger, 34th President of Guatemala * August 12 – Terry Nutkins, English naturalist (d. 2012) * August 13 – Janet Yellen, American Chair of the Federal Reserve * August 14 – Dennis Hof, American brothel owner (d.

) *

**Masoud Barzani, Iraqi-Kurdish politician, President of Iraqi Kurdistan **Lesley Ann Warren, American actress, singer * August 17 – Drake Levin, American rock guitarist (Paul Revere & the Raiders) (d. 2009) * August 19 ** Charles Bolden, African-American astronaut ** Bill Clinton, 42nd President of the United States, 40th and 42nd List of governors of Arkansas, Governor of Arkansas ** Beat Raaflaub, Swiss conductor * August 20 ** Connie Chung, Asian-American reporter ** Ralf Hütter, German techno musician (Kraftwerk) ** N. R. Narayana Murthy, Indian businessman * August 23 ** Keith Moon, English rock drummer (The Who) (d.

) ** Raza Murad, Indian actor * August 24 – John Grahl, British economist * August 25 ** Rollie Fingers, American baseball player ** Charles Ghigna, American poet, children's author * August 26 ** Valerie Simpson, African-American singer ** Mark Snow, American composer ** Zhou Ji (born 1946), Zhou Ji, education minister of the People's Republic of China ** Swede Savage, American race car driver (d. 1973) * August 29 ** Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, 2nd President of Burundi (d.

) ** Bob Beamon, American athlete ** Demetris Christofias, 6th President of Cyprus (d. 2019) ** Leona Gom, Canadian novelist and poet * August 30 ** Queen Anne-Marie of Greece ** Peggy Lipton, American actress and model (d. 2019) * August 31 ** Ann Coffey, Scottish politician ** Jerome Corsi, American political commentator and conspiracy theorist ** Tom Coughlin, American football player, coach, and executive

September

Barry Gibb in 2017-Glasto17-197 (34744934874)

Freddie Mercury performing in New Haven, CT, November 1977

** Barry Gibb, English-born Australian singer (Bee Gees) ** Roh Moo-hyun, President of South Korea (d. 2009) *

** Luis Ávalos, Cuban-born American character actor (d. 2014) ** Billy Preston, African-American soul musician ("Nothing from Nothing (Billy Preston song), Nothing from Nothing") (d.

) ** Dan White, American politician, murderer (d. 1985) * September 3 ** John N. Abrams, American military officer (d.

) ** Francisco Trois, Brazilian chess player * September 4 ** Gary Duncan, American rock guitarist (Quicksilver Messenger Service) (d. 2019) ** Greg Elmore, American rock drummer (Quicksilver Messenger Service) * September 5 ** Dennis Dugan, American actor, director ** Freddie Mercury, British-Indian singer, songwriter, pianist, frontman of the rock band Queen (band), Queen (d. 1991) ** Loudon Wainwright III, American songwriter, folk singer, humorist, and actor * September 7 ** Willie Crawford, American baseball player (d.

) ** Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist (d. 2001) * September 8 ** Aziz Sancar, Turkish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ** Wong Kan Seng, Singaporean business executive, former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore * September 9 ** Doug Ingle, American rock vocalist (Iron Butterfly) ** Bruce Palmer, Canadian musician (Buffalo Springfield) (d.

) * September 10 ** Jim Hines, American athlete ** Don Powell, English rock drummer (Slade) * September 12 – Neil Lyndon, British journalist, writer * September 13 – Henri Kuprashvili, Georgian swimmer * September 15 ** Tommy Lee Jones, American actor (''Men in Black (1997 film), Men in Black'') ** Tetsu Nakamura, Japanese-Afghan physician (d. 2019) ** Oliver Stone, American film director, producer (''JFK (film), JFK'') * September 16 – Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter music producer and composer (d. 2019) * September 18 ** Peter Alsop, American musician ** Akira Kamiya, Japanese voice actor * September 19 – Connie Kreski, American model (d. 1995) * September 20 – Dorothy Hukill, American politician (d.

) * September 21 ** Mikhail Kovalchuk, Russian physicist, official ** Moritz Leuenberger, Swiss Federal Councilor ** Richard St. Clair, American musician, composer ** Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia * September 23 – Franz Fischler, Austrian politician *

** Lars Emil Johansen, Prime Minister of Greenland ** María Teresa Ruiz, Chilean astronomer * September 25 ** Morari Bapu, Hindu Kathakaar ** Felicity Kendal, English actress ** Jerry Penrod, American bass player * September 26 ** Andrea Dworkin, American feminist, writer (d.

) ** Topo Igawa, Japanese actor ** Radha Krishna Mainali, Nepalese politician ** Christine Todd Whitman, American politician *

– Jeffrey Jones, American actor * September 29 ** Shafie Salleh, Malaysian politician (d. 2019) ** Celso Pitta, Brazilian economist and politician (d. 2009) * September 30 ** Héctor Lavoe, Puerto Rican singer (d. 1993) ** Claude Vorilhon, French-born 'messenger' of Raëlism ** Fran Brill, Muppeteer ** Lee Yock Suan, Former Minister for Education of Singapore

October

Susan Sarandon, Festival de Sitges 2017 (cropped)

Vinod Khanna at Esha Deol's wedding at ISCKON temple 11 (cropped)

Naoto Kan cropped 2 Sebastian Pinera and Naoto Kan 20101114

** General Sonthi Boonyaratglin, President of the Council for National Security, Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Thai Army ** Marie-Georges Pascal, French actress * October 3 – P. P. Arnold, American singer * October 4 ** Susan Sarandon, American actress ** Rhie Won-bok, South Korean artist ** Chuck Hagel, American politician, 24 United States Secretary of Defense * October 6 ** Lloyd Doggett, American politician ** Vinod Khanna, Indian actor, producer and politician (d.

) * October 7 ** Nader Al-Dahabi, Prime Minister of Jordan ** Catharine MacKinnon, American feminist ** Xue Jinghua, Chinese ballerina * October 8 ** Hanan Ashrawi, Palestinian scholar, legislator ** John T. Walton, American son of Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton (d.

) * October 10 ** Anne Boyd, Australian musician ** Mildred Grieveson, British writer ** Naoto Kan, 61st Prime Minister of Japan ** Charles Dance, English actor, screenwriter and film director ** Chris Tarrant, British radio, TV personality * October 11 ** Daryl Hall, American rock musician (Hall & Oates) ** Sawao Katō, Japanese gymnast * October 12 – Drew Edmondson, American politician * October 13 ** Edwina Currie, English politician ** Dorothy Moore, American singer ** Demond Wilson, African-American actor, minister (''Sanford and Son'') *

** Craig Venter, American biotechnologist **Dan McCafferty, Scottish rock singer (d. 2022) ** François Bozizé, President of the Central African Republic ** Joey de Leon, Filipino actor, host ** Justin Hayward, English rock singer, songwriter (The Moody Blues) *

** Richard Carpenter (musician), Richard Carpenter, American pop musician, composer (The Carpenters) ** John Getz, American actor * October 16 ** Suzanne Somers, American actress, singer (''Three's Company'') ** Elizabeth Witmer, Dutch-born politician * October 17 ** Vicki Hodge, English actress, model ** Bob Seagren, American athlete, actor * October 18 ** James Robert Baker, American novelist, screenwriter ** Howard Shore, Canadian film composer ** Andrea Zsadon, Hungarian soprano * October 19 – Philip Pullman, English author * October 20 ** Marty Gervais, Canadian writer ** Elfriede Jelinek, Austrian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate * October 21 – Lyn Allison, Australian politician * October 22 ** Eileen Gordon, British politician ** Richard McGonagle, American actor * October 25 – Edith Leyrer, Austrian actress * October 26 – Pat Sajak, American game-show host (''Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show), Wheel of Fortune'') * October 27 ** Leslie L. Byrne, American politician ** Steven R. Nagel, American astronaut (d. 2014) ** Ivan Reitman, Slovakian-born film director, producer (d. 2022) * October 28 ** John Hewson, Australian politician ** Sharon Thesen, Canadian poet * October 29 ** Peter Green (musician), Peter Green, British musician (d.

) ** Kathryn J. Whitmire, Texas politician; Mayor of Houston, Texas * October 30 ** Lynne Marta, American actress ** Andrea Mitchell, American journalist * October 31 – Stephen Rea, Northern Irish actor

November

* November 1 ** Ric Grech, British rock bassist (d. 1990) ** Lynne Russell, American newsreader * November 2 ** Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor, composer (d. 2001) ** Marieta Severo, Brazilian actress *

** Laura Bush, former First Lady of the United States ** Les Lannom, American actor, musician ** Robert Mapplethorpe, American photographer (d. 1989) * November 5 ** Herman Brood, Dutch artist (d. 2001) ** Loleatta Holloway, American singer (d.

) ** Gram Parsons, American musician (d. 1973) * November 6 – Sally Field, American actress, singer (''The Flying Nun'') * November 7 – Diane Francis, Canadian journalist * November 8 ** Stefan Weber (musician), Stefan Weber, Austrian singer (d.

) ** Stella Chiweshe, Zimbabwean musician ** John Farrar, Australian guitarist, singer and songwriter (The Shadows; Marvin, Welch & Farrar) ** Guus Hiddink, Dutch football player, manager * November 10 – Alaina Reed Hall, American actress (d. 2009) *

– P. P. Arnold, English singer * November 13 – Ohara Reiko, Japanese actress *

** Gwyneth Powell, British actress ** Sandy Skoglund, American photographer * November 16 ** Mahasti, Iranian singer (d. 2007) ** Terence McKenna, American writer, philosopher, ethnobotanist and shaman (d. 2000) ** Jo Jo White, American basketball player (d.

) * November 17 – Petra Burka, Canadian figure skater * November 18 ** Andrea Allan, Scottish actress ** Alan Dean Foster, American novelist * November 20 **Duane Allman, American rock guitarist, co-founder and leader of the Allman Brothers Band (d. 1971) ** Samuel E. Wright, American actor and singer (d. 2021) * November 21 ** Emma Cohen, Spanish actress ** Chaviva Hošek, Czech-born feminist ** Jacky Lafon, Belgian actress ** Marina Warner, English writer * November 22 ** Anne Wheeler, Canadian television, film director ** Aston Barrett, Jamaican reggae musician * November 23 ** Diana Quick, English actress ** Bobby Rush, African-American politician, activist and pastor * November 24 – Ted Bundy, American serial killer (d. 1989) * November 25 ** Atiku Abubakar, 11th Vice President of Nigeria ** Marika Lindström, Swedish actress * November 26 – Ottilia Borbáth, Romanian-born Hungarian actress *

** Richard Codey, American politician, 53rd Governor of New Jersey ** Ismaïl Omar Guelleh, 2nd President of Djibouti ** Nina Maslova, Russian actress * November 28 – Regina Braga, Brazilian actress *

** Brian Cadd, Australian singer, songwriter ** Suzy Chaffee, American singer, actress * November 30 ** Marina Abramović, Yugoslavian performance artist ** Barbara Cubin, U.S. Congresswoman from Wyoming

December

Jose Carreras - World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2011 - cropped

* December 1 – Jonathan Katz, American comedian, actor and voice actor *

– Gianni Versace, Italian fashion designer (d. 1997) * December 3 ** Marjana Lipovšek, Slovenian singer, actress ** Joop Zoetemelk, Dutch cyclist * December 4 ** Sherry Alberoni, American actress, voice artist ** Yō Inoue, Japanese voice actress (d.

) ** Karina (Spanish singer), Karina, Spanish singer/actress * December 5 ** José Carreras, Spanish tenor ** Eva-Britt Svensson, Swedish politician * December 6 ** Roger Hoy, English footballer (d.

) ** Nancy Brinker, American health activist, diplomat * December 8 ** Jacques Bourboulon, French photographer ** John Rubinstein, American actor ** Sharmila Tagore, Indian actress * December 9 – Sonia Gandhi, Indian politician * December 10 ** Chrystos, American poet ** Thomas Lux, American poet * December 11 ** Rhoma Irama, Indonesian dangdut musician, actor and politician ** Susan Kyle, American writer ** Ellen Meloy, American writer (d.

) *

** Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian racing car driver ** Gloria Loring, American singer ** Don Gummer, American sculpture, sculptor * December 13 ** Nicholas Kollerstrom, British writer ** Heather North, American television, voice actress (d.

) * December 14 ** Antony Beevor, English historian ** Jane Birkin, English actress, singer ** Patty Duke, American actress (d.

) ** Lynne Marie Stewart, American actress ** Michael Ovitz, American talent agent, co-founded Creative Artists Agency *

**Benny Andersson, Swedish rock singer, songwriter (ABBA) ** Alice Aycock, American sculptor ** Trevor Pinnock, English harpsichordist, conductor * December 17 ** Eugene Levy, Canadian actor, comedian and director (''Second City Television'') ** Bel Mooney, English broadcast journalist ** Jayne Eastwood, Canadian actress, voice actress ** Suresh Oberoi, Indian actor * December 18 ** Steve Biko, South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 1977) ** Nina Škottová, Czech politician, member of the European Parliament ** Steven Spielberg, American film director (''Jaws (film), Jaws'') * December 19 ** Candace Pert, American neuroscientist ** Robert Urich, American actor (d. 2002) * December 20 ** Uri Geller, Israeli illusionist ** Sonny Perdue, American politician, 81st Governor of Georgia, 31st U.S. Secretary of Agriculture ** John Spencer (actor), John Spencer, American actor (d.

) ** Dick Wolf, American television producer * December 21 **Brian Davison (cricketer), Brian Davison, Rhodesian cricketer, Tasmanian politician ** Carl Wilson, American musician (The Beach Boys) (d. 1998) * December 23 ** Edita Gruberová, Slovakian soprano (d. 2021) ** Susan Lucci, American actress (''General Hospital'') ** John Sullivan (writer), John Sullivan, English television scriptwriter (d.

) *

**Jan Akkerman, Dutch rock guitarist (Focus (band), Focus) ** Roselyne Bachelot-Narquin, French politician, member of the European Parliament ** Brenda Howard, American bisexual activist (d.

) ** Jeff Sessions, American politician, United States Attorney General * December 25 – Jimmy Buffett, American rock singer, songwriter ("Margaritaville") * December 27 – Janet Street-Porter, English broadcast journalist * December 28 ** Mike Beebe, American politician and attorney ** Edgar Winter, American rock musician ("Frankenstein (instrumental), Frankenstein") * December 29 ** Marianne Faithfull, English singer, actress ** Ruth Shady, Peruvian archaeologist * December 30 ** Patti Smith, American poet, singer ** Berti Vogts, German football player and manager *

– Diane von Fürstenberg, Belgian-American fashion designer

Date unknown

* Ali Abu Al-Ragheb, Prime Minister of Jordan * Jang Song-thaek, North Korean politician (d.

) * Miklós Lukáts, Hungarian politician (d. 2022) * Afsaneh Najmabadi, Iranian historian, gender theorist * Raul Bragança Neto, 8th Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (d. 2014)

Deaths

January

– William Joyce, Irish-born American World War II Nazi propaganda broadcaster known as "Lord Haw-Haw" (executed) (b. 1906) *

– George Woolf, Canadian jockey (b. 1910) *

– Kitty Cheatham, American singer (b. 1864) *

** Georg, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1892) ** Slim Summerville, American actor (b. 1892) *

– Dion Fortune, British writer (b. 1890) *

** Countee Cullen, American poet (b. 1903) ** Nevil Macready, Sir Nevil Macready, British army general, police commissioner (b. 1862) *

** László Bárdossy, Hungarian diplomat, politician and 33rd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1890) ** Harry Von Tilzer, American songwriter (b. 1872) * January 13 – Wilhelm Souchon, German admiral (b. 1864) * January 15 – Karl Nabersberg, German youth leader (b. 1908) *

– Matteo Bartoli, Italian linguist (b. 1873) *

– Orishatukeh Faduma, American missionary (b. 1855) *

** Hideo Hatoyama, Japanese jurist (b. 1884) ** Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890) ** Adriaan van Maanen, Dutch–born American astronomer (b. 1884) *

** Pietro Boetto, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and eminence (b. 1871) ** Luis Orgaz Yoldi, Spanish general (b. 1881)

February

– Rondo Hatton, American actor (b. 1894) *

– George Arliss, British actor (b. 1868) *

** Upendranath Brahmachari, Indian scientist (b. 1873) ** Oswald Kabasta, Austrian conductor (suicide) (b. 1896) * February 8 ** Felix Hoffmann, German chemist (b. 1868) ** Miles Mander, British actor (b. 1888) * February 11 – Ludovic-Oscar Frossard, French socialist, communist politician (b. 1889) * February 12 – George Dumas, French doctor, psychologist (b. 1866) *

** Maliq Bushati, Albanian collaborator, 18th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1880) ** Cornelius Johnson (athlete), Cornelius Johnson, American field athlete (b. 1913) * February 17 ** Dorothy Gibson, American actress (b. 1889) ** Benjamin I of Constantinople, Benjamin I, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1871) *

– Rafael Erich, Finnish politician, professor, diplomat and 6th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1879) *

– Theodore Stark Wilkinson, American admiral (b. 1888) * February 23 – Tomoyuki Yamashita, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1885) *

– René Le Grèves, French cyclist (b. 1910) *

– Leo the Lion (MGM)#Jackie (1928–1956), Jackie, Nubian-born MGM lion (b. 1915) *

– James Cecil Parke, Irish rugby player, tennis player and golfer (b. 1910) *

** Béla Imrédy, Hungarian economist, politician and 32nd Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1891) ** Giuseppe Salvago Raggi, Italian diplomat (b. 1866)

March

Francisco Largo Caballero 1927 (cropped)

* March 3 – Viktor Axmann, Yugoslav architect (b. 1883) *

** Bror von Blixen-Finecke, Danish big-game hunter (b. 1886) ** Martyrs of Albania, Catholics (executed) *** Mark Çuni, seminarian (b. 1919) *** Daniel Dajani, Jesuit priest (b. 1906) *** Giovanni Fausti, Italian Jesuit priest (b. 1899) *** Gjelosh Lulashi (b. 1925) *** Qerim Sadiku (b. 1919) *** Kolë Shllaku, friar (b. 1906) * March 6 – Antonio Caso Andrade, Mexican philosopher (b. 1878) *

– Adolfo Ferrata, Italian pathologist, hematologist (b. 1880) *

** Ferenc Szálasi, Hungarian military officer, Fascist politician and 37th Prime Minister of Hungary (executed) (b. 1897) ** Leonida Tonelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1885) *

– Werner von Blomberg, German field marshal (b. 1878) * March 16 ** José Júlio da Costa, Portuguese activist (b. 1893) ** Alladiya Khan, Indian singer (b. 1855) * March 17 – Joseph de Pesquidoux, French writer (b. 1869) * March 19 – Augusto Nicolás Martínez, Ecuadorian agronomist, economist, geologist, researcher, educator and mountaineer (b. 1860) * March 20 – Frederick M. Smith, American religious leader and author (b. 1874) *

– Clemens August Graf von Galen, German Catholic Cardinal, Bishop of Münster (b. 1878) * March 23 ** Francisco Largo Caballero, Spanish politician, trade unionist and 66th Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1869) ** Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (b. 1875) * March 24 ** Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892) ** Carl Schuhmann, German athlete (b. 1869) ** Barbu Știrbey, 30th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1872) * March 26 – Ezequiel Fernández, acting President of Panama (b. 1886) * March 29 – László Endre, Hungarian politician (b. 1895) * March 31 – John Vereker, 6th Viscount Gort, British field marshal (b. 1886)

April

** Noah Beery, American actor (b. 1882) ** Edward Sheldon, American playwright (b. 1886) * April 2 – Kate Bruce, American silent screen actress (b. 1858) * April 3 ** Alf Common, English footballer (b. 1880) ** Masaharu Homma, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887) *

** Ion Boițeanu, Romanian general (b. 1885) **Vincent Youmans, American composer (b. 1898) * April 6 ** Chief Thunderbird, Native American actor (b. 1866) ** James Young Deer, Native American film producer (b. 1876) * April 7 – Padmanath Gohain Baruah, Indian novelist, poet and dramatist (b. 1871) * April 8 ** Bo Gu, 3rd General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (accident) (b. 1907) ** Patriarch Eulogius (Georgiyevsky), Eulogius (b. 1868) * April 13 – William Henry Bell, English-born South African composer, conductor and lecturer. *

– Otto Dowling, United States Navy Captain (USN), Captain, 25th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1881) * April 15 ** Infanta Adelgundes, Duchess of Guimarães (b. 1858) ** C. W. A. Scott, English aviator (b. 1903) *

** Guido Calza, Italian archaeologist (b. 1888) ** Juan Bautista Sacasa, 20th

(b. 1874) * April 20 – Mae Busch, American actress (b. 1891) * April 21 – John Maynard Keynes, British economist (b. 1883) * April 22 ** Lionel Atwill, British actor (b. 1885) ** Harlan F. Stone, United States Supreme Court/Chief Justice, Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1872) * April 28 – Robert Bartlett (explorer), Robert Bartlett, American explorer, and navigator (b. 1875) * April 30 – Sava Athanasiu, Romanian geologist, paleontologist (b. 1861)

May

* May 1 ** Bill Johnston (tennis), Bill Johnston, American tennis champion (b. 1894) ** Israfil Mammadov, Soviet WWII heroine (b. 1919) *

– Léon Guillet, French metallurgist (b. 1873) *

– Emile de Cartier de Marchienne, Belgian diplomat (b. 1871) * May 11 – Pedro Henríquez Ureña, Dominican essayist, philosopher, humanist and philologist (b. 1884) * May 13 – Alexei Nikolaevich Bach, Soviet biochemist, revolutionary leader (b. 1857) * May 16 ** Bruno Tesch, German chemist, Nazi war criminal (executed) (b. 1890) ** Karl Weinbacher, German manager, war criminal (executed) (b. 1898) * May 19 ** Francesco Camero Medici, Italian diplomat (b. 1886) ** Ángel Ossorio y Gallardo, Spanish lawyer, statesman (b. 1873) ** Booth Tarkington, American novelist (b. 1869) * May 20 ** Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (b. 1871) ** Enrico Gasparri, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, archbishop (b. 1871) * May 22 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi official, war criminal (executed) (b. 1898) * May 23 – Billy Sullivan (actor), Billy Sullivan, American actor (b. 1891) *

** Friedrich, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (b. 1865) ** Joseffy, Austrian magician (b. 1873) * May 27 ** Claire Croiza, French soprano (b. 1882) ** Henri Hauser, French historian, geographer and economist (b. 1866) * May 28 – Claus Schilling, German medical researcher and war criminal (executed) (b. 1871) * May 29 – Cagnaccio di San Pietro, Italian painter (b. 1897) * May 30 **Marcela Agoncillo, Filipino who sewed the first Filipino flag (b. 1860) **

, Canadian physicist, chemist (b. 1910) * May 31 – Picoğlu Osman, Turkish kemenche player (b. 1901)

June

Retrato del Presidente Juan Antonio R%C3%ADos

, Romanian soldier, politician, 43rd Prime Minister of Romania and Romanian dictator (executed) (b. 1882) ** Leo Slezak, German tenor (b. 1873) *

– Chen Gongbo, 2nd President of Republic of China during Nanjing regime (executed) (b. 1892) * June 4 – Sándor Simonyi-Semadam, Hungarian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1864) * June 5 – Maud Watson, British tennis player, first female Wimbledon champion (b. 1864) * June 6 ** Isidro Ancheta, Filipino painter (d. 1882) ** Gerhart Hauptmann, German writer, Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1862) * June 7 – Fabijan Abrantovich, Soviet civic, religious leader (b. 1884) * June 9 –

(Rama VIII), Monarchy of Thailand, King of

(assassinated) (b. 1925) * June 10 – Jack Johnson (boxer), Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878) * June 11 – Juanita Breckenridge Bates, American minister (b. 1860) * June 12 – Hisaichi Terauchi, Marshal of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. 1879) * June 13 – Charles Butterworth (actor), Charles Butterworth, American actor (b. 1896) * June 14 ** Jorge Ubico, Guatemalan army general, 21st President of Guatemala (b. 1878) ** John Logie Baird, British television pioneer (b. 1888) ** Edward Bowes, American radio personality (b. 1874) * June 15 – João Batista Becker, German-born Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate, archbishop (b. 1870) * June 18 – Eugen Hirschfield, Australian practitioner (b. 1866) * June 19 – Theodor Wulf, German physicist, Jesuit priest (b. 1868) * June 20 – Empress Wanrong of China (b. 1906) *

– William S. Hart, American stage actor, silent film Western (genre), Western star, film director and writer (b. 1864) * June 24 – Marian Bernaciak, Polish World War II heroine (b. 1917) * June 27 ** Juan Antonio Ríos, Chilean political figure, 24th President of Chile and World War II leader (b. 1888) ** Wanda Gág, American artist, author, translator and illustrator (b. 1893) * June 28 – Antoinette Perry, American actress, director (b. 1888) *

– Jelica Belović-Bernardzikowska, Yugoslav journalist, writer and journalist (b. 1870)

July

– Augustyn Józef Czartoryski, Polish nobleman (b. 1907) * July 2 ** Mary Alden, American stage, and screen actress (b. 1883) ** Albert Sechehaye, Swiss linguist (b. 1870) * July 3 – Edoardo Bianchi, Italian entrepreneur, inventor (b. 1865) *

** Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922) ** Elisabeth Becker, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1923) ** Wanda Klaff, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922) ** Ewa Paradies, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1920) ** Gerda Steinhoff, German Nazi overseer at Stutthof concentration camp (executed) (b. 1922) * July 7 – Federico Laredo Brú, 8th President of Cuba (b. 1875) * July 8 – Orrick Glenday Johns, American writer (b. 1887) * July 12 ** Ray Stannard Baker, American journalist, author (b. 1870) ** Teresa Janina Kierocińska, Polish Discalced Carmelite nun and venerable (b. 1885) * July 13 – Alfred Stieglitz, American photographer (b. 1864) * July 15 – Benjamin W. Alpiner, American businessman and politician (b. 1867) *

– Raffaele Conflenti, Italian engineer, aircraft designer (b. 1889) * July 17 ** Consolata Betrone, Italian Franciscan mystic and servant of God (b. 1903) ** Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (b. 1867) ** Kosta Mušicki, Yugoslav general (b. 1897) ** Campbell Tait, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1886) * July 18 ** Ehrhard Schmidt, German admiral (b. 1863) ** Alfons Tracki, Albanian priest (executed) (b. 1896) * July 19 – George Mackenzie Brown, Canadian-born British publisher (b. 1869) * July 20 – Shiro Kawase, Japanese admiral (b. 1889) *

**Shefqet Vërlaci, Albanian politician, 12th Prime Minister of Albania (b. 1877) ** Gualberto Villarroel, 39th President of Bolivia (Lynching, lynched) (b. 1908) **Arthur Greiser, German general (b. 1897) *

– Edward Sperling, Russian-American-Jewish writer, Zionist (assassinated) (b. 1889) * July 26 – Alexander Vvedensky (religious leader), Alexander Vvedensky, Soviet Russian Orthodox Church, Orthodox religious leader and blessed (b. 1889) *

– Harry Davis (gangster), Harry Davis, Canadian gangster (b. 1898) * July 27 ** Franz Anton Basch, German politician (b. 1901) ** Gertrude Stein, American writer (b. 1874) * July 28 – Saint Saint Alphonsa, Anna Muttathupadathu, Indian Syro-Malabar Catholic and Eastern Catholic religious sister and saint (b. 1910) * July 31 – Solomon Dias Bandaranaike, Ceylonese politician, Governor-General of Ceylon (b. 1862)

August

* August 1 – Andrey Vlasov, Soviet general, commander of the Russian Liberation Army (executed) (b. 1901) * August 2 – Karl, Prince of Leiningen, German prince (b. 1898) * August 5 ** Otto Franke (sinologist), Otto Franke, German sinologist (b. 1863) ** Wilhelm Marx, German lawyer, politician and 17th Chancellor of Germany (German Reich), Chancellor of Germany (b. 1863) * August 6 ** Blanche Bingley, English tennis champion (b. 1863) ** Tony Lazzeri, American baseball player (New York Yankees), MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1903) * August 8 – Maria Barrientos, Spanish opera singer (b. 1884) * August 10 – Léon Gaumont, French film pioneer (b. 1864) * August 11 – Giuseppe Pietri, Italian composer (b. 1886) * August 12 ** Inayatullah Khan, King of Afghanistan (b. 1888) ** Alfred Stock, German chemist (b. 1876) * August 13 ** H. G. Wells, British science fiction writer, historian (''The Time Machine'') (b. 1866) ** Émile Berlia, French politician (b. 1878) *

– Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu (b. 1875) * August 17 – Channing Pollock (writer), Channing Pollock, American playwright (b. 1880) * August 19 – Jules-Albert de Dion, French automobile pioneer (b. 1856) * August 20 – "Rags" Ragland, American comedian, actor (b. 1905) * August 22 – Döme Sztójay, 35th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1883) * August 23 – Fulco Ruffo di Calabria, Prince Fulco Ruffo di Calabria (b. 1884) * August 24 – James Clark McReynolds, American jurist (b. 1862) * August 26 – Jeanie MacPherson, American actress (b. 1887) * August 28 ** Georgios Kafantaris, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1873) ** Rudolph Lambart, 10th Earl of Cavan, British field marshal (b. 1865) ** Florence Turner, American actress (b. 1885) * August 29 – John Steuart Curry, American painter (b. 1897)

September

* September 3 – Paul Lincke, German composer (b. 1866) * September 4 - Nobu Shirase, Japanese army officer and Antarctic explorer (b. 1861) * September 11 – Francesco Bonifacio, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (killed in action) (b. 1912) * September 13 – William Watt (Australian politician), William Watt, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (b. 1871) * September 16 ** Henri Gouraud (general), Henri Gouraud, French general (b. 1867) ** James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer and mathematician (b. 1877) *

– Gustav Globočnik Edler von Vojka, Austro-Hungarian nobleman and field marshal (b. 1859) * September 25 – Heinrich George, German actor (b. 1893) * September 29 – Raimu, French actor (b. 1883) * September 30 – Takashi Sakai, Japanese general (executed) (b. 1887)

October

Per Albin Hansson - Sveriges styresm%C3%A4n

Bundesarchiv Bild 102-15607, Potsdam, Göring

* October 1 ** Hiroshi Kawabuchi, Japanese politician (b. 1883) ** Lucy Wheelock, American early childhood education pioneer (b. 1857) *

– Ignacy Mościcki, Polish chemist, politician and 4th President of Poland (b. 1867) * October 4 – Barney Oldfield, American race car driver, automobile pioneer (b. 1878) * October 5 ** István Bethlen, Hungarian aristocrat, statesman and 28th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1874) ** Alberto Marvelli, Italian member of the Roman Catholic action and blessed (b. 1918) * October 6 **

, Swedish politician, 23rd Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1885) ** Joseph Francis Sartori, American banker (b. 1858) * October 8 – Agustín Parrado y García, Spanish Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1872) * October 12 – Joseph Stilwell, American World War II general (b. 1883) *

– Hermann Göring, German Nazi Reichsmarschall (suicide) (b. 1893) * October 16 ** Nuremberg executions *** Hans Frank, German Nazi Governor General of Poland (b. 1900) *** Wilhelm Frick, German Nazi Minister of the Interior (b. 1877) *** Alfred Jodl, German general, World War II Chief of the German armed forces (b. 1890) *** Ernst Kaltenbrunner, German Nazi police general (b. 1903) *** Wilhelm Keitel, German field marshal (b. 1882) *** Joachim von Ribbentrop, German Nazi foreign minister (b. 1893) *** Alfred Rosenberg, German Nazi ideologist (b. 1893) *** Fritz Sauckel, German Nazi general plenipotentiary (b. 1892) *** Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian Nazi leader (b. 1892) *** Julius Streicher, German Nazi propaganda publisher (b. 1885) * October 20 – Igor Demidov, Soviet politician (b. 1873) * October 23 – Francesco Carandini, Italian poet (b. 1858) * October 24 – Kurt Daluege, German Nazi officer, SS general and police official, war criminal (executed) (b. 1897) * October 27 - Nathan Francis Mossell, African-American physician (b. 1856)

November

* November 2 – John Barrett (bishop), John Barrett, British clergyman, Roman Catholic bishop and reverend (b. 1878) *

– Rüdiger von der Goltz, German general (b. 1865) * November 5 – Joseph Stella, Italian-American painter (b. 1877) * November 6 – Maria Innocentia Hummel, German Franciscan religious sister and blessed (b. 1909) * November 7 – Henry Lehrman, American actor (b. 1886) * November 10 – Baldassare Forestiere, Italian immigrant to America (b. 1879) *

– Nikolay Burdenko, Soviet surgeon, founder of Soviet neurosurgery (b. 1876) *

– Camillo Caccia Dominioni, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, eminence (b. 1877) * November 14 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (b. 1876) * November 18 – Donald Meek, British actor (b. 1878) * November 24 – László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer (b. 1895) * November 25 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur (b. 1851) * November 26 – Sultana Racho Petrova, Bulgarian memoirist (b. 1869) * November 28 – Maria Izabela Wiłucka-Kowalska, Polish Roman Catholic religious leader, saint (b. 1890)

December

* December 5 – Louis Dewis, Belgian Post-Impressionist Painting, painter (b. 1872) * December 6 – Charles Stewart (premier), Charles Stewart, Canadian politician, Premier of Alberta (b. 1868) * December 7 ** Laurette Taylor, American actress (b. 1884) ** Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (b. 1871) * December 10 ** Walter Johnson, American baseball player (Washington Senators (1901–60), Washington Senators), MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1887) ** Damon Runyon, American writer (b. 1880) *

** Ben Carter (actor), Ben Carter, American actor (b. 1910) ** Renée Falconetti, French actress (b. 1892) * December 14 – Tom Dowse, Irish major league baseball player in the 1890s (b. 1866) *

– Salman al-Murshid, Syrian religious leader, political figure (b. 1907) * December 20 – Einosuke Harada, Japanese ophthalmologist (b. 1892) * December 22 – Pierre Bénard, French journalist (b. 1898) * December 23 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist (b. 1873) * December 25 ** W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian (b. 1880) ** Henri Le Fauconnier, French painter (b. 1881) * December 26 – Franjo Bučar, Yugoslav writer (b. 1866) * December 27 – Pedro Mata Dominguez, Spanish novelist, playwright and poet (b. 1875) * December 28 ** Carrie Jacobs-Bond, American singer, songwriter (b. 1862) ** Francis Salabert, French publisher (b. 1884) * December 29 – John Babington Macaulay Baxter, Canadian politician, 19th Premier of New Brunswick (b. 1858)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Percy Williams Bridgman * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – James B. Sumner, John Howard Northrop, Wendell Meredith Stanley * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Hermann Joseph Muller * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Hermann Hesse * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Emily Greene Balch, John Mott

References

External links

Newsreel May 23, 1946: Rail strike paralyzes the United States

Newsreel May 29, 1946: End of U.S. coal strike
{{Authority control 1946,

Events

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Nobel Prizes

References

Further reading

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