Events

January

January 1 January 1 or 1 January is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year (365 in leap years). This day is also known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the yea ...

–

Anastasio Somoza García Anastasio Somoza García (1 February 1896 – 29 September 1956) was the leader of Nicaragua from 1937 until his assassination in 1956. He was only officially the 21st President of Nicaragua from 1 January 1937 to 1 May 1947 and from 21 May 19 ...

becomes

President of Nicaragua The president of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de Nicaragua), officially known as the president of the Republic of Nicaragua ( es, Presidente de la República de Nicaragua), is the head of state and head of government of Nicaragua. The office was ...

. *

January 5 Events Pre-1600 *1477 – Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is defeated and killed in a conflict with René II, Duke of Lorraine; Duchy of Burgundy, Burgundy subsequently becomes part of France. 1601–1900 *1675 – Battle of Turckh ...

– Water levels begin to rise in the

Ohio River The Ohio River is a long river in the United States. It is located at the boundary of the Midwestern and Southern United States, flowing southwesterly from western Pennsylvania to its mouth on the Mississippi River at the southern tip of Illino ...

in the United States, leading to the

Ohio River flood of 1937 The Ohio River flood of 1937 took place in late January and February 1937. With damage stretching from Pittsburgh to Cairo, Illinois, 385 people died, one million people were left homeless and property losses reached $500 million ($10.2 billion ...

, which continues into February, leaving 1 million people homeless and 385 people dead. *

January 15 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Otho seizes power in Rome, proclaiming himself Emperor of Rome, beginning a reign of only three months. * 1541 – King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of ...

–

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War ( es, Guerra Civil Española)) or The Revolution ( es, La Revolución, link=no) among Nationalists, the Fourth Carlist War ( es, Cuarta Guerra Carlista, link=no) among Carlists, and The Rebellion ( es, La Rebelión, lin ...

Second Battle of the Corunna Road The Second Battle of the Corunna Road ( es, Batalla de la Carretera de Coruña) was a battle of the Spanish Civil War that took place from 13 December 1936 to 15 January 1937, northwest of Madrid. In December 1936, the Nationalists launched an ...

ends inconclusively. *

January 20 Events Pre-1600 * 250 – Pope Fabian is martyred during the Decian persecution. * 649 – King Chindasuinth, at the urging of bishop Braulio of Zaragoza, crowns his son Recceswinth as co-ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom. * 1156 &ndas ...

–

Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt The second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt as president of the United States was held on Wednesday, January 20, 1937, at the East Portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. This was the 38th presidential inauguration and marke ...

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...

is sworn in for a second term as President of the United States. This is the first time that the

United States presidential inauguration The inauguration of the president of the United States is a ceremony to mark the commencement of a new four-year term of the president of the United States. During this ceremony, between 73 to 79 days after the presidential election, the pre ...

occurs on this date; the change is due to the ratification in 1933 of the

Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twentieth Amendment (Amendment XX) to the United States Constitution moved the beginning and ending of the terms of the President of the United States, president and Vice President of the United States, vice president from March4 to January ...

. *

January 23 Events Pre-1600 * 393 – Roman emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor. * 971 – Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao. *1264 & ...

–

Moscow Trials The Moscow trials were a series of show trials held by the Soviet Union between 1936 and 1938 at the instigation of Joseph Stalin. They were nominally directed against "Trotskyists" and members of "Right Opposition" of the Communist Party of th ...

: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

17 leading

Communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

s go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by

Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein. ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky; uk, link= no, Лев Давидович Троцький; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trotskij'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky''. (), was a Russian ...

to overthrow

Joseph Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Georgian revolutionary and Soviet political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secreta ...

's regime, and assassinate its leaders.

February

February 8 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Constantius III becomes co-Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. * 1238 – The Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir. *1250 – Seventh Crusade: Crusaders engage Ayyubid forces in the Battle of Al ...

–

: Falangist troops take

Málaga Málaga (, ) is a municipality of Spain, capital of the Province of Málaga, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. With a population of 578,460 in 2020, it is the second-most populous city in Andalusia after Seville and the sixth most pop ...

. *

–

February 27 Events Pre-1600 * 380 – Edict of Thessalonica: Emperor Theodosius I and his co-emperors Gratian and Valentinian II declare their wish that all Roman citizens convert to Nicene Christianity. * 425 – The University of Constantinople ...

–

Battle of Jarama The Battle of Jarama (6–27 February 1937) was an attempt by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, just east of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War. Elite Spanish Legionnaires and Moro ...

: Nationalist and Republican troops fight to a stalemate. *

February 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1249 – Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khagan of the Mongol Empire. * 1270 – Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order in the Battle of Kar ...

–

Wallace H. Carothers Wallace Hume Carothers (; April 27, 1896 – April 29, 1937) was an American chemist, inventor and the leader of organic chemistry at DuPont, who was credited with the invention of nylon. Carothers was a group leader at the DuPont Experiment ...

receives a

patent A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

for

nylon Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers composed of polyamides ( repeating units linked by amide links).The polyamides may be aliphatic or semi-aromatic. Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from petro ...

in the United States. *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

** Airliner VH-UHH (''Stinson'') goes down over

Lamington National Park The Lamington National Park is a national park, lying on the Lamington Plateau of the McPherson Range on the Queensland/New South Wales border in Australia. From Southport on the Gold Coast the park is to the southwest and Brisbane is north. Th ...

, bound for Sydney, killing 5 people. **

Yekatit 12 Yekatit 12 () is a date in the Ge'ez calendar which refers to the massacre and imprisonment of Ethiopians by the Italian occupation forces following an attempted assassination of Marshal Rodolfo Graziani, Marquis of Negele, Viceroy of Italian Ea ...

: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in

Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t ...

Ethiopia Ethiopia, , om, Itiyoophiyaa, so, Itoobiya, ti, ኢትዮጵያ, Ítiyop'iya, aa, Itiyoppiya officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the ...

, two

Eritrea Eritrea ( ; ti, ኤርትራ, Ertra, ; ar, إرتريا, ʾIritriyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia ...

n nationalists attempt to kill viceroy

Rodolfo Graziani Rodolfo Graziani, 1st Marquis of Neghelli (; 11 August 1882 – 11 January 1955), was a prominent Italian military officer in the Kingdom of Italy's '' Regio Esercito'' ("Royal Army"), primarily noted for his campaigns in Africa before and durin ...

with a number of grenades. Italian security guards fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers. Authorities exact further reprisals, which include indiscriminately slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next 3 days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians at

Danan Danan may refer to: Places * Danan (volcano), one of the three volcanic cones of the island of Krakatoa * Danan (Amran), sub-district located in Al Ashah District, 'Amran Governorate, Yemen * Danan (woreda), a district in eastern Ethiopia * Danan, ...

and slaughtering almost 300 monks at the

Debre Libanos Debre Libanos (Amharic: ደብረ ሊባኖስ, om, Dabra libanose) is an Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo monastery, lying northwest of Addis Ababa in the North Shewa Zone of the Oromia Region. It was founded in 1284 by Saint Tekle Haymanot as D ...

Monastery. ** The flag of the Netherlands is officially adopted. *

February 20 Events Pre-1600 *1339 – The Milanese army and the St. George's (San Giorgio) Mercenaries of Lodrisio Visconti clash in the Battle of Parabiago; Visconti is defeated. *1472 – Orkney and Shetland are pawned by Norway to Scotland ...

–

Roberto Ortiz The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...

is elected president of

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

. *

February 21 Events Pre-1600 * 452 or 453 – Severianus, Bishop of Scythopolis, is martyred in Palestine. * 1245 – Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland, is granted resignation after confessing to torture and forgery. * 1440 – The Prus ...

– The

League of Nations The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ...

Non-Intervention Committee During the Spanish Civil War, several countries followed a principle of non-intervention to avoid any potential escalation or possible expansion of the war to other states. That would result in the signing of the Non-Intervention Agreement in Au ...

prohibits foreign nationals from fighting in the

. *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

–

Hergé Georges Prosper Remi (; 22 May 1907 – 3 March 1983), known by the pen name Hergé (; ), from the French pronunciation of his reversed initials ''RG'', was a Belgian cartoonist. He is best known for creating ''The Adventures of Tintin'', ...

Tintin Tintin or Tin Tin may refer to: ''The Adventures of Tintin'' * ''The Adventures of Tintin'', a comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé ** Tintin (character), a fictional character in the series ** ''The Adventures of Tintin'' (film), 2011, ...

adventure ''

The Broken Ear ''The Broken Ear'' (french: link=no, L'Oreille cassée, originally published in English as ''Tintin and the Broken Ear'') is the sixth volume of ''The Adventures of Tintin'', the comics series by the Belgian cartoonist Hergé. Commissioned by ...

'' (''L'Oreille cassée'') concludes serialization in the Belgian weekly newspaper supplement ''

Le Petit Vingtième ''Le Petit Vingtième'' (, ''The Little Twentieth'') was the weekly youth supplement to the Belgium, Belgian newspaper ''Le Vingtième Siècle'' ("The Twentieth Century") from 1928 to 1940. The comics series ''The Adventures of Tintin'' first app ...

'', and soon afterwards is published as a book in black and white.

March

March 10 Events Pre-1600 * 241 BC – First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates: The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing the First Punic War to an end. * 298 – Roman Emperor Maximian concludes his campaign in North Africa and makes a t ...

(dated

March 14 Events Pre-1600 * 1074 – Battle of Mogyoród: Dukes Géza and Ladislaus defeat their cousin Solomon, King of Hungary, forcing him to flee to Hungary's western borderland. * 1590 – Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguen ...

(

Passion Sunday Passion Sunday is the fifth Sunday of Lent, marking the beginning of Passiontide. In 1969, the Roman Catholic Church removed Passiontide from the liturgical year of the Novus Ordo, but it is still observed in the Extraordinary Form, the Persona ...

)) – The

encyclical An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Roman Church. At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. The word comes from the Late Latin (originally from ...

Mit brennender Sorge ''Mit brennender Sorge'' ( , in English "With deep anxiety") ''On the Church and the German Reich'' is an encyclical of Pope Pius XI, issued during the Nazi Germany, Nazi era on 10 March 1937 (but bearing a date of Passion Sunday, 14 March)." ...

'' ("With burning concern") of

Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI ( it, Pio XI), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti (; 31 May 1857 – 10 February 1939), was head of the Catholic Church from 6 February 1922 to his death in February 1939. He was the first sovereign of Vatican City fro ...

is published in Germany in the German language. Largely the work of Cardinals von Faulhaber and Pacelli, it condemns breaches of the

1933 Events January * January 11 – Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first commercial flight between Australia and New Zealand. * January 17 – The United States Congress votes in favour of Philippines independence, against the wis ...

Reichskonkordat The ''Reichskonkordat'' ("Concordat between the Holy See and the German Reich") is a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany. It was signed on 20 July 1933 by Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, who later be ...

agreement signed between the Nazi government and the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

, and criticises

Nazism Nazism ( ; german: Nazismus), the common name in English for National Socialism (german: Nationalsozialismus, ), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Na ...

's views on race and other matters incompatible with Catholicism. *

March 18 Events Pre-1600 * 37 – Roman Senate annuls Tiberius' will and proclaims Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus ''(aka Caligula = Little Boots)'' emperor.Tacitus, ''Annals'' V.10. * 1068 – An earthquake in the Levant and the Ara ...

–

New London School explosion The New London School explosion occurred on March 18, 1937, when a natural gas leak caused an explosion and destroyed the London School in New London, Texas, United States. The disaster killed more than 300 students and teachers. , the event is ...

: In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the New London School in

New London, Texas New London is a city in Rusk County, Texas, United States. The population was 958 at the 2020 census. New London was originally known as just "London". Because Kimble County Texas had already established a US Post Office station named London, ...

, suffers a catastrophic

natural gas Natural gas (also called fossil gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes. Low levels of trace gases like carbo ...

explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers.

Mother Frances Hospital CHRISTUS Trinity Mother Frances Health System is a non-profit regional health care provider based in Tyler, Texas that operates eight hospitals and 82 clinic locations in East Texas. History In the early 1930s, the Sisters of The Holy Family of ...

opens in

Tyler, Texas Tyler is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and county seat of Smith County, Texas, Smith County. It is also the largest city in Northeast Texas. With a 2020 census population of 105,995, Tyler was the List of cities in Texa ...

, a day ahead of schedule, in response to the explosion. *

March 19 Events Pre-1600 * 1277 – The Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1277 is concluded, stipulating a two-year truce and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. *1279 – A Mongol victory at the Battle of Yamen ends ...

– The encyclical ''

Divini Redemptoris ''Divini Redemptoris'' (Latin for the promise of a Divine Redeemer) is an anti-communist encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI. It was published on 19 March 1937. In this encyclical, the pope sets out to "expose once more in a brief synthesis the ...

'' of

, critical of

communism Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

, is published. *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

–

Ponce massacre The Ponce massacre was an event that took place on Palm Sunday, March 21, 1937, in Ponce, Puerto Rico, when a peaceful civilian march turned into a police shooting in which 19 civilians and two policemen were killed, and more than 200 civilians ...

: A police squad, acting under orders from

Governor of Puerto Rico The governor of Puerto Rico ( es, gobernador de Puerto Rico) is the head of government of the Commonwealth (U.S. insular area), Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and commander-in-chief of the Puerto Rico National Guard. The governor has a duty ...

Blanton Winship Blanton C. Winship (November 23, 1869 – October 9, 1947) was an American military lawyer and veteran of both the Spanish–American War and World War I. During his career, he served both as Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Army, Judge Advoc ...

, opens fire on peaceful demonstrators protesting at the arrest of

Puerto Rican Nationalist Party The Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico ( es, Partido Nacionalista de Puerto Rico, PNPR) is a Puerto Rican political party founded on September 17, 1922, in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Its primary goal is to work for Puerto Rico's independence. The P ...

leader

Pedro Albizu Campos Pedro Albizu Campos (September 12, 1891Luis Fortuño Janeiro. ''Album Histórico de Ponce (1692–1963).'' p. 290. Ponce, Puerto Rico: Imprenta Fortuño. 1963. – April 21, 1965) was a Puerto Rican attorney and politician, and the leading fi ...

, killing 17 people and injuring over 200.

April

April 1 Events Pre-1600 * 33 – According to one historian's account, Jesus Christ's Last Supper is held. * 527 – Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne. *1081 – Alexios I Kom ...

Aden Aden ( ar, عدن ' Yemeni: ) is a city, and since 2015, the temporary capital of Yemen, near the eastern approach to the Red Sea (the Gulf of Aden), some east of the strait Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000 people. ...

becomes a British

crown colony A Crown colony or royal colony was a colony administered by The Crown within the British Empire. There was usually a Governor, appointed by the British monarch on the advice of the UK Government, with or without the assistance of a local Counci ...

. ** The

Bombing of Jaén The Bombing of Jaén was an aerial attack on the city of Jaén on 1 April 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, by the Condor Legion of Nazi Germany, who fought for the rebels. The bombing was ordered by the General Queipo de Llano, as retaliation ...

is carried out in Spain, by the

Condor Legion The Condor Legion (german: Legion Condor) was a unit composed of military personnel from the air force and army of Nazi Germany, which served with the Nationalist faction during the Spanish Civil War of July 1936 to March 1939. The Condor Legio ...

of the

Nazi German Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...

Luftwaffe The ''Luftwaffe'' () was the aerial-warfare branch of the German ''Wehrmacht'' before and during World War II. Germany's military air arms during World War I, the ''Luftstreitkräfte'' of the Imperial Army and the '' Marine-Fliegerabtei ...

. *

April 9 Events Pre-1600 * 193 – The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum. * 475 – Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, s ...

– The '' Kamikaze'' arrives at

Croydon Airport Croydon Airport (former ICAO code: EGCR) was the UK's only international airport during the interwar period. Located in Croydon, South London, England, it opened in 1920, built in a Neoclassical style, and was developed as Britain's main air ...

in London; it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe. * April 12 – Frank Whittle ground-tests the world's first

jet engine A jet engine is a type of reaction engine discharging a fast-moving jet of heated gas (usually air) that generates thrust by jet propulsion. While this broad definition can include rocket, Pump-jet, water jet, and hybrid propulsion, the term ...

designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England. * April 20 – A fire in an elementary school in Kilingi-Nõmme, Estonia, kills 17 students and injures 50. * April 26 –

: The

Bombing of Guernica On 26 April 1937, the Basque town of Guernica (''Gernika'' in Basque) was aerial bombed during the Spanish Civil War. It was carried out at the behest of Francisco Franco's rebel Nationalist faction by its allies, the Nazi German Luftwaffe's ...

is carried out in Spain, by the

of the

, in support of the Francoists. Three-quarters of the town is destroyed and hundreds killed.

May

* May 6 – ''Hindenburg'' disaster: In the United States, the German airship ''Hindenburg'' bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in Lakehurst, New Jersey. Of the 36 passengers and 61 crew on board, 13 passengers and 22 crew die, as well as one member of the ground crew. * May 7 –

: The German Condor Legion Fighter Group, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist

Francisco Franco Francisco Franco Bahamonde (; 4 December 1892 – 20 November 1975) was a Spanish general who led the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalist forces in overthrowing the Second Spanish Republic during the Spanish Civil War ...

's forces. *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

Wydad Athletic Club Wydad Athletic Club ( ar, نادي الوداد الرياضي, ) commonly referred to as Wydad AC and known as Wydad, or simply as WAC, is a Moroccan sports club based in Casablanca. Wydad AC is best known for its professional football team that ...

(WAC)(Arabic: نادي الوداد الرياضي; Berber: ''Wydad Dar al-Beida''; commonly: ''Wydad al ouma'') is established in

Casablanca Casablanca, also known in Arabic as Dar al-Bayda ( ar, الدَّار الْبَيْضَاء, al-Dār al-Bayḍāʾ, ; ber, ⴹⴹⴰⵕⵍⴱⵉⴹⴰ, ḍḍaṛlbiḍa, : "White House") is the largest city in Morocco and the country's econom ...

, Morocco; it will be best known for its Casablanca Association football team. * May 12 – The King George VI and Queen Elizabeth are crowned King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India at Westminster Abbey, London. * May 21 ** A Soviet station becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the drift ice of the Arctic Ocean. ** As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of Italian viceroy

, a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of

, killing 297 monks and 23 laymen. * May 28 **

Neville Chamberlain Arthur Neville Chamberlain (; 18 March 18699 November 1940) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940. He is best known for his foreign policy of appeasemen ...

becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, following the retirement of

Stanley Baldwin Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, (3 August 186714 December 1947) was a British Conservative Party politician who dominated the government of the United Kingdom between the world wars, serving as prime minister on three occasions, ...

. *

May 30 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within fifteen kilometres ...

: Spanish ship ''Ciudad de Barcelona'' is torpedoed. ** Memorial Day massacre of 1937: The

Chicago Police Department The Chicago Police Department (CPD) is the municipal law enforcement agency of the U.S. city of Chicago, Illinois, under the jurisdiction of the City Council. It is the second-largest municipal police department in the United States, behind t ...

shoot and kill 10 unarmed demonstrators in Chicago.

June

* June –

Picasso Pablo Ruiz Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, ceramicist and Scenic design, theatre designer who spent most of his adult life in France. One of the most influential artists of the 20th ce ...

completes his painting ''

Guernica Guernica (, ), official name (reflecting the Basque language) Gernika (), is a town in the province of Biscay, in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, Spain. The town of Guernica is one part (along with neighbouring Lumo) of the mu ...

''. * June – July – The

Dáil Éireann Dáil Éireann ( , ; ) is the lower house, and principal chamber, of the Oireachtas (Irish legislature), which also includes the President of Ireland and Seanad Éireann (the upper house).Article 15.1.2º of the Constitution of Ireland read ...

debates and passes the new draft Constitution of Ireland, which is then submitted for public approval by plebiscite. * June 3 – Wallis Simpson marries the Duke of Windsor, the former

Edward VIII Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; 23 June 1894 – 28 May 1972), later known as the Duke of Windsor, was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire and Emperor of India from 20 January 19 ...

, in France. * June 8 ** The

passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to December

1936 Events January–February * January 20 – George V of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India, dies at his Sandringham Estate. The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King E ...

. ** The first total

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

to exceed 7 minutes of totality, in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru. *

June 21 Events Pre-1600 * 533 – A Byzantine expeditionary fleet under Belisarius sails from Constantinople to attack the Vandals in Africa, via Greece and Sicily (approximate date). * 1307 – Külüg Khan is enthroned as Khagan of the Mo ...

– The

coalition government A coalition government is a form of government in which political parties cooperate to form a government. The usual reason for such an arrangement is that no single party has achieved an absolute majority after an election, an atypical outcome in ...

Léon Blum André Léon Blum (; 9 April 1872 – 30 March 1950) was a French socialist politician and three-time Prime Minister. As a Jew, he was heavily influenced by the Dreyfus affair of the late 19th century. He was a disciple of French Socialist le ...

resigns in France.

July

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

** The Gestapo arrests pastor Martin Niemöller in Germany. ** In a referendum the people of the Irish Free State accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945. * July 2 –

Amelia Earhart Amelia Mary Earhart ( , born July 24, 1897; disappeared July 2, 1937; declared dead January 5, 1939) was an American aviation pioneer and writer. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. She set many oth ...

and navigator Fred Noonan disappear after taking off from New Guinea, during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world. * July 7 ** In the

Marco Polo Bridge Incident The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known as the Lugou Bridge Incident () or the July 7 Incident (), was a July 1937 battle between China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army. Since the Japanese invasion of Manchuria ...

, Japanese and Chinese forces exchange fire near Beijing, beginning the Second Sino-Japanese War. ** The Peel Commission proposes partition of the British Mandate of Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states. *

July 9 Events Pre-1600 *118 – Hadrian, who became emperor a year previously on Trajan's death, makes his entry into Rome. * 381 – The end of the First Council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople by the Roman Emperor Theodos ...

–

1937 Fox vault fire The 1937 Fox vault fire was a major fire that broke out in a 20th Century-Fox film-storage facility in Little Ferry, New Jersey, United States, on July 9, 1937. Flammable nitrate film had previously contributed to several fires in film-industr ...

: The silent film archives of Fox Film Corporation are destroyed * July 20 – The

Geibeltbad Pirna The Geibeltbad Pirna is a public bath and water sport facility in Pirna near Dresden, Saxony in Germany. Finished under the Nazis on June 20, 1937, it is one of the largest baths in the world. Completely paid by the Anna Marie Geibelt Foundation ...

is opened in Dresden, Germany. * July 21 – Éamon de Valera is elected President of the Executive Council (prime minister) of the Irish Free State, by the Dáil (parliament). * July 22 –

New Deal The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the United States between 1933 and 1939. Major federal programs agencies included the Civilian Cons ...

: The United States Senate votes down President

's proposal to add more justices to the

Supreme Court of the United States The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...

. *

July 25 Events Pre-1600 * 306 – Constantine I is proclaimed Roman emperor by his troops. * 315 – The Arch of Constantine is completed near the Colosseum in Rome to commemorate Constantine I's victory over Maxentius at the Milvian Bridge. ...

– 31 – Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, a series of actions fought around Beiping and Tianjin, result in Japanese victory. * July 29 – Tungchow Mutiny: Units of the

East Hopei Army {{no footnotes, date=July 2015 The East Hopei Army was raised from the former soldiers of the Peace Preservation Corps that had been created by the Tangku Truce of 31 May 1933. The Demilitarized Zone Peace Preservation Corps had been the "neutr ...

mutiny and kill Japanese troops and civilians in Tongzhou. *

July 31 Events Pre-1600 *30 BC – Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide. * 781 – The oldest recorded eruption of Mount Fuji (Tr ...

– NKVD Operative Order 00447 "Об операции по репрессированию бывших кулаков, уголовников и других антисоветских элементов" ("The operation for repression of former kulaks, criminals and other anti-Soviet elements") is approved by the Politburo of the

, initially as a 4-month plan for 75,950 people to be executed and an additional 193,000 to be sent to the Gulag.

August

August 2 Events Pre-1600 *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. *216 BC – The Carthaginian arm ...

– The

Marijuana Tax Act The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, , was a United States Act that placed a tax on the sale of cannabis. The H.R. 6385 act was drafted by Harry Anslinger and introduced by Rep. Robert L. Doughton of North Carolina, on April 14, 1937. The Seventy-fift ...

in the United States is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to the U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger. *

August 5 Events Pre-1600 *AD 25 – Guangwu claims the throne as Emperor of China, restoring the Han dynasty after the collapse of the short-lived Xin dynasty. * 70 – Fires resulting from the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem are ...

– The

commences one of the largest campaigns of the Great Purge, to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements". Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are killed on order of the troikas, directed by

. This is an offensive that targets social classes (such as the kulaks), ethnic or racial backgrounds which are seen as non-Russian, and Stalin's personal opponents from the Communist Party and their sympathizers. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

–

: Falangist artillery bombards Madrid. * August 8 – Japan occupies Beijing. * August 9 – The

Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38) The ''Polish Operation'' of the NKVD (Soviet security service) in 1937–1938 was an anti-Polish mass-ethnic cleansing operation of the NKVD carried out in the Soviet Union against Poles (labeled by the Soviets as "agents") during the period of ...

is signed by

Nikolai Yezhov Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov ( rus, Никола́й Ива́нович Ежо́в, p=nʲɪkɐˈɫaj ɪˈvanəvʲɪt͡ɕ (j)ɪˈʐof; 1 May 1895 – 4 February 1940) was a Soviet secret police official under Joseph Stalin who was head of the N ...

, as a continuation of the Great Purge. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 – Em ...

– Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Shanghai opens. * August 26 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese aircraft attack the car carrying the ambassador of Great Britain, during a raid on Shanghai.

September

September 2 Events Pre-1600 *44 BC – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. * 44 BC – Cicero launches the first of his ''Philippicae'' (oratorical attacks) on Mark Antony. He will make 14 of them ...

– The Great Hong Kong Typhoon kills an estimated 11,000 persons. * September 5 –

: The city of

Llanes Llanes (the ''Concejo de Llanes'', ''Conceyu de Llanes'' in Asturian language) is a municipality of the province of Asturias, in northern Spain. Stretching for about 30 km along the coast at the extreme east of the province, Llanes is bound ...

falls to the Falangists. * September 7 – CBS broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the

Hollywood Bowl The Hollywood Bowl is an amphitheatre in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It was named one of the 10 best live music venues in America by ''Rolling Stone'' magazine in 2018. The Hollywood Bowl is known for its distin ...

. Many celebrities appear, including Oscar Levant, Fred Astaire, Otto Klemperer, Lily Pons and members of the original cast of '' Porgy and Bess''. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on CD. The

Los Angeles Philharmonic The Los Angeles Philharmonic, commonly referred to as the LA Phil, is an American orchestra based in Los Angeles, California. It has a regular season of concerts from October through June at the Walt Disney Concert Hall, and a summer season at th ...

is the featured orchestra. * September 10 – Nine nations meet in the

Nyon Conference The Nyon Conference was a diplomatic conference held in Nyon, Switzerland, in September 1937 to address attacks on international shipping in the Mediterranean Sea during the Spanish Civil War. The conference was convened in part because Kingdom ...

, led by the United Kingdom and France, to address international piracy in the Mediterranean. *

September 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia". * 1176 – The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empi ...

– Abraham Lincoln's head is dedicated at Mount Rushmore. * September 19 – Swiss professional ice hockey club HC Ambrì-Piotta is founded. * September 21 – George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London publishes the first edition of J. R. R. Tolkien's '' The Hobbit''. *

September 25 Events Pre-1600 * 275 – For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus. * 762 – Led by Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, the Hasanid branch of the Alids begins the Alid Revolt a ...

– Second Sino-Japanese War - Battle of Pingxingguan: The Communist Chinese

Eighth Route Army The Eighth Route Army (), officially known as the 18th Group Army of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, was a group army under the command of the Chinese Communist Party, nominally within the structure of the Chinese ...

defeats the Japanese. * September 27 – The last

Bali tiger The Bali tiger was a '' Panthera tigris sondaica'' population on the Indonesian island of Bali which has been extinct since the 1950s. It was formerly regarded as a distinct tiger subspecies with the scientific name ''Panthera tigris balica' ...

dies. *

September 30 Events Pre-1600 * 489 – The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time. * 737 – The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their b ...

– Austrian born actress of Jewish descent, Hedy Lamarr arrives in New York City to flee from her possessive husband Friedrich Mandl who made arms agreements with the Nazis, and to begin her Hollywood career.

October

* October 1 ** The

Marihuana Tax Act The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937, , was a United States Act that placed a tax on the sale of cannabis. The H.R. 6385 act was drafted by Harry Anslinger and introduced by Rep. Robert L. Doughton of North Carolina, on April 14, 1937. The Seventy-fifth ...

becomes law in the United States. *

October 2 Events Pre-1600 * 829 – Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor. * 939 – Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and ot ...

– 8 – Parsley Massacre: Under the orders of President

Rafael Trujillo Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina ( , ; 24 October 189130 May 1961), nicknamed ''El Jefe'' (, "The Chief" or "The Boss"), was a Dominican dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from February 1930 until his assassination in May 1961. He ser ...

, Dominican troops kill thousands of

Haitians Haitians ( French: , ht, Ayisyen) are the citizens of Haiti and the descendants in the diaspora through direct parentage. An ethnonational group, Haitians generally comprise the modern descendants of self-liberated Africans in the Caribbean te ...

living in the Dominican Republic. * October 3 – Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops advance toward Nanking, capital of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast ...

. * October 5 – Roosevelt gives his famous '' Quarantine Speech'' in Chicago. * October 9 – Jimmie Angel lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain; however, the plane gets damaged, and he has to trek through the rainforest for help. * October 11 –

Duke and Duchess of Windsor's 1937 tour of Germany Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, visited Nazi Germany in October 1937. Edward had Abdication of Edward VIII, abdicated the British throne in December 1936, and his brother George VI had become king. Edward had been g ...

: The Duke and Duchess of Windsor arrive in Berlin to begin a 12-day tour of Nazi Germany, meeting Adolf Hitler on the 22nd. * October 13 – Germany, in a note to Brussels, guarantees the inviolability and integrity of Belgium, so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany. *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

– Ernest Hemingway's novel ''

To Have and Have Not ''To Have and Have Not'' is a novel by Ernest Hemingway published in 1937 by Charles Scribner's Sons. The book follows Harry Morgan, a fishing boat captain out of Key West, Florida. ''To Have and Have Not'' was Hemingway's second novel set in th ...

'' is first published, in the United States. * October 18– October 21 –

: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists' hands;

Republic A republic () is a "state in which power rests with the people or their representatives; specifically a state without a monarchy" and also a "government, or system of government, of such a state." Previously, especially in the 17th and 18th c ...

an forces in Gijón, Spain, set fire to petrol reserves, prior to retreating before the advancing Falangists. * October 23 –

1937 Australian federal election The 1937 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 23 October 1937. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives, and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent UAP–Country coalition government, led by Prim ...

Joseph Lyons Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 – 7 April 1939) was an Australian politician who served as the List of prime ministers of Australia by time in office, 10th Prime Minister of Australia, in office from 1932 until his death in 1939. He ...

' UAP/ Country

Coalition A coalition is a group formed when two or more people or groups temporarily work together to achieve a common goal. The term is most frequently used to denote a formation of power in political or economical spaces. Formation According to ''A Gui ...

Government is re-elected with a slightly increased majority, defeating the Labor Party led by John Curtin. *

October 25 Events Pre-1600 * 285 (or 286) – Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers. * 473 – Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II a ...

– Celâl Bayar forms the new (ninth) government of Turkey.

November

November 5 Events Pre-1600 * 1138 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign. * 1499 – The '' Catholicon'', written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Br ...

– World War II: In the Reich Chancellery, Adolf Hitler holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people (recorded in the Hossbach Memorandum). * November 6 – Italy joins the Anti-Comintern Pact. *

November 9 Events Pre-1600 * 694 – At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery. * 1277 – The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement f ...

– Second Sino-Japanese War: Japanese troops take Shanghai. * November 10 – Brazilian president Getúlio Vargas announces the Estado Novo ("New State"), thence becoming dictator of Brazil until

1945 1945 marked the end of World War II and the fall of Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. It is also the only year in which nuclear weapons have been used in combat. Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. Januar ...

. *

November 11 Events Pre-1600 * 308 – At Carnuntum, Emperor ''emeritus'' Diocletian confers with Galerius, ''Augustus'' of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former ''Augustus'' of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the T ...

– The Kogushi Sulfur Mine collapse, in western Gunma, Japan, kills at least 245 people.

December

* December 1 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Nanking begins. * December 4 – '' The Dandy''

comic a Media (communication), medium used to express ideas with images, often combined with text or other visual information. It typically the form of a sequence of Panel (comics), panels of images. Textual devices such as speech balloons, Glo ...

is first published in Scotland; it continued until 2012 as a physical publication, then online until 2013. * December 11 – Italy withdraws from the

. * December 12 ** USS ''Panay'' incident: Japanese bombers sink the American gunboat . ** Mae West makes a risqué guest appearance on NBC's ''

Chase and Sanborn Hour ''The Chase and Sanborn Hour'' is the umbrella title for a series of American comedy and variety radio shows sponsored by Standard Brands' Chase and Sanborn Coffee, usually airing Sundays on NBC from 8 p.m. to 9 p.m. during the years 1929 to ...

'', which eventually results in her being banned from radio. * December 13 – Second Sino-Japanese War: The Battle of Nanking ends with the Japanese occupying the city. In the Nanking Massacre which follows, Japanese soldiers kill over 300,000 Chinese in 3 months. A few days previously, the Nationalist government of China had moved its capital to the southwestern city Chungking (Chongqing). *

December 16 Events Pre-1600 * 714 – Pepin of Herstal, mayor of the Merovingian palace, dies at Jupille (modern Belgium). He is succeeded by his infant grandson Theudoald, while his widow Plectrude holds actual power in the Frankish Kingdom. * 755 ...

– The original production of the musical '' Me and My Girl'' opens at the Victoria Palace Theatre, in London's West End. A later revival will win an award. * December 21 – Walt Disney's ''

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" is a 19th-century German fairy tale that is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection ''Grimms' Fairy Tales'' and numbered as Ta ...

'', the world's first feature-length animated film, premieres at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. * December 25 – At the age of 70, conductor

Arturo Toscanini Arturo Toscanini (; ; March 25, 1867January 16, 1957) was an Italian conductor. He was one of the most acclaimed and influential musicians of the late 19th and early 20th century, renowned for his intensity, his perfectionism, his ear for orch ...

conducts the

NBC Symphony Orchestra The NBC Symphony Orchestra was a radio orchestra conceived by David Sarnoff, the president of the Radio Corporation of America, especially for the conductor Arturo Toscanini. The NBC Symphony performed weekly radio concert broadcasts with Tosca ...

on radio for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. This first concert consists of music by Vivaldi (at a time when he is seldom played),

Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period (music), Classical period. Despite his short life, his ra ...

, and Brahms. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President

Franklin Delano Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (; ; January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), often referred to by his initials FDR, was an American politician and attorney who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. As the ...

. * December 29 – The new Constitution of Ireland (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') comes into force. The Irish Free State becomes " Ireland", and Éamon de Valera becomes the first Taoiseach (prime minister) of the new state. A Presidential Commission (made up the Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann, and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency, pending the popular election of the first President of Ireland in June 1938. The new constitution prohibits divorce.

Date unknown

* Switzerland begins construction of its Border Line defences. * The

Vibora Luviminda The Vibora Luviminda, a secretive organization focused largely on Filipino labor issues, was founded in 1924 on the island of Maui by Manuel Fagel.Beechert 1985, p. 226-227. The Vibora Luviminda conducted the last labor strike of an ethnic natu ...

sugar plantation trade unions strike on

Maui The island of Maui (; Hawaiian: ) is the second-largest of the islands of the state of Hawaii at 727.2 square miles (1,883 km2) and is the 17th largest island in the United States. Maui is the largest of Maui County's four islands, which ...

island, Hawaii. * Italian psychiatrist

Amarro Fiamberti Adamo Mario (Amarro) Fiamberti was the first to perform a transorbital lobotomy (by accessing the frontal lobe of the brain through the orbits) in 1937. Fiamberti was later named Director of the Psychiatric Hospital of Varese, when it was open ...

is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of

transorbital lobotomy A lobotomy, or leucotomy, is a form of neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorder or neurological disorder (e.g. epilepsy) that involves severing connections in the brain's prefrontal cortex. The surgery causes most of the connections t ...

. * Soviet industry produces about four times as much as it had in

1928 Events January * January – British bacteriologist Frederick Griffith reports the results of Griffith's experiment, indirectly proving the existence of DNA. * January 1 – Eastern Bloc emigration and defection: Boris Bazhanov, J ...

. * The Allen Organ Company, builder of church, home and theatre organs, is founded in Macungie, Pennsylvania.

Births

January

–

Philip Akot Akok Kiir Philip Akot Akok Kiir (born January 1, 1937) is a South Sudanese pastor, former educator and politician. Life and career Kiir is an educator and a politician in South Sudan. A graduate of University of Khartoum, Bachelor of Arts in History & Arts ...

, South Sudanese pastor, former educator and politician *

January 4 Events Pre-1600 *46 BC – Julius Caesar fights Titus Labienus in the Battle of Ruspina. * 871 – Battle of Reading: Æthelred of Wessex and his brother Alfred are defeated by a Danish invasion army. 1601–1900 *1649 – Engli ...

** Grace Bumbry, American opera singer **

Dyan Cannon Dyan Cannon (born Samille Diane Friesen; January 4, 1937) is an American actress, director, screenwriter, producer, and editor. Her accolades include a Saturn Award, a Golden Globe Award, three Academy Award nominations, and a star on the Ho ...

, American actress, film director and screenwriter *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

Paolo Conte Paolo Conte (; born 6 January 1937) is an Italian singer, pianist, songwriter and lawyer known for his distinctly grainy, resonant voice. His compositions fuse Italian and Mediterranean sounds with jazz, boogie and elements of the French and L ...

, Italian singer, pianist and composer ** Harri Holkeri, 36th Prime Minister of Finland (d.

2011 File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– Dame

Shirley Bassey Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey (; born 8 January 1937) is a Welsh singer. Best known for her career longevity, powerful voice and recording the theme songs to three James Bond films, Bassey is widely regarded as one of the most popular vocalists ...

, Welsh singer *

January 13 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Octavian transfers the state to the free disposal of the Roman Senate and the people. He receives Spain, Gaul, and Syria as his province for ten years. * 532 – The Nika riots break out, during the racing ...

– Ati George Sokomanu,

President of Vanuatu The president of Vanuatu (french: Président du Vanuatu) is the head of state of Vanuatu. The president is elected for a five-year term by an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the presidents of the regional councils. The preside ...

– Margaret O'Brien, American child actress *

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

– Francis George, American cardinal (d.

2015 File:2015 Events Collage new.png, From top left, clockwise: Civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks; Germanwings Flight 9525 was purposely crashed into the French Alps; the rubble of residences in Kathmandu following the Apri ...

) * January 18 **

Yukio Endō was a Japanese artistic gymnast, Olympic champion and world champion. He was part of the first Japanese team that succeeded to win gold medals in the team event at the Summer Olympics (1960) and World Championships (1962). In 1964 he won the ...

, Japanese gymnast (d.

2009 File:2009 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The vertical stabilizer of Air France Flight 447 is pulled out from the Atlantic Ocean; Barack Obama becomes the first African American to become President of the United States; 2009 Iran ...

) ** John Hume, Northern Irish politician, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (d.

2020 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of events, COVID- ...

) * January 19 –

Princess Birgitta of Sweden Princess Birgitta of Sweden (Birgitta Ingeborg Alice; born 19 January 1937) is an elder sister of King Carl XVI Gustaf. Family Born at Haga Palace in Stockholm, she is the second child of Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princes ...

* January 21 –

Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria Max-Emanuel Ludwig Maria Herzog in Bayern (sometimes styled Prince Max of Bavaria, Duke in Bavaria; born 21 January 1937) as the younger son of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, is the heir presumptive to both the headship of the former Bavarian royal ...

, heir to the Bavarian Royal House *

January 22 Events Pre-1600 * 613 – Eight-month-old Constantine is crowned as co-emperor (''Caesar'') by his father Heraclius at Constantinople. * 871 – Battle of Basing: The West Saxons led by King Æthelred I are defeated by the Danelaw Vi ...

–

Joseph Wambaugh Joseph Aloysius Wambaugh, Jr. (born January 22, 1937), is a best-selling American writer known for his fictional and nonfictional accounts of police work in the United States. Several of his early novels were set in Los Angeles and its surroun ...

, American author *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Ange-Félix Patassé, 5th President of Central African Republic (d.

) *

January 30 Events Pre-1600 *1018 – Poland and the Holy Roman Empire conclude the Peace of Bautzen. *1287 – King Wareru founds the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, and proclaims independence from the Pagan Kingdom. 1601–1900 *1607 – An estimated ...

** Vanessa Redgrave, British actress **

Boris Spassky Boris Vasilievich Spassky ( rus, Бори́с Васи́льевич Спа́сский, Borís Vasíl'yevich Spásskiy; born January 30, 1937) is a Russian chess grandmaster who was the tenth World Chess Champion, holding the title from 1969 ...

, Russian chess grandmaster * January 31 **

Philip Glass Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential composers of the late 20th century. Glass's work has been associated with minimal music, minimalism, being built up fr ...

, American composer **

Suzanne Pleshette Suzanne Pleshette (January 31, 1937 – January 19, 2008) was an American theatre, film, television, and voice actress. Pleshette started her career in the theatre and began appearing in films in the late 1950s and later appeared in prominent ...

, American actress (d.

2008 File:2008 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Lehman Brothers went bankrupt following the Subprime mortgage crisis; Cyclone Nargis killed more than 138,000 in Myanmar; A scene from the opening ceremony of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; ...

)

February

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Don Everly, American rock and roll singer and musician (d.

2021 File:2021 collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: the James Webb Space Telescope was launched in 2021; Protesters in Yangon, Myanmar following the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, coup d'état; A civil demonstration against the October–November 2021 ...

) *

February 2 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – Alaric II, eighth king of the Visigoths, promulgates the Breviary of Alaric (''Breviarium Alaricianum'' or ''Lex Romana Visigothorum''), a collection of "Roman law". * 880 – Battle of Lüneburg Heath: King ...

** Tom Smothers, American musician, comedian ( The Smothers Brothers) **

Eric Arturo Delvalle Eric Arturo Delvalle Cohen-Henríquez (2 February 1937 – 2 October 2015) was a Panamanian politician. He served as Vice President under Nicolás Ardito Barletta. Following the disputed 1984 election, and after Barletta's forced resignation, ...

, Panamanian lawyer (d.

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

–

Magnar Solberg Magnar Solberg (born 4 February 1937) is a former Norwegian biathlete and police officer. He won a gold medal in the 20 km at the 1968 and 1972 Winter Olympics; his 4 × 7.5 km relay teams placed second in 1968 and fourth in 1972. In 1 ...

, Norwegian biathlete *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– Gaston Roelants, Belgian Olympic athlete *

– Harry Wu, Chinese human rights activist (d.

2016 File:2016 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Bombed-out buildings in Ankara following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt; the impeachment trial of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff; Damaged houses during the 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh ...

) * February 10 – Roberta Flack, African-American singer *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– Bill Lawry, Australian cricketer * February 12 – Charles Dumas, American athlete (d.

2004 2004 was designated as an International Year of Rice by the United Nations, and the International Year to Commemorate the Struggle Against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO). Events January * January 3 – Flash Airlines Flight 6 ...

) *

February 13 Events Pre-1600 * 962 – Emperor Otto I and Pope John XII co-sign the ''Diploma Ottonianum'', recognizing John as ruler of Rome. *1322 – The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th. *1462 – The ...

–

Rupiah Banda Rupiah Bwezani Banda (19 February 1937 – 11 March 2022) was a Zambian politician who served as the fourth president of Zambia from 2008 to 2011, taking over from Levy Mwanawasa, who died as the sitting president. Banda was an active participant ...

, 4th President of Zambia (d.

2022 File:2022 collage V1.png, Clockwise, from top left: Road junction at Yamato-Saidaiji Station several hours after the assassination of Shinzo Abe; 2022 Sri Lankan protests, Anti-government protest in Sri Lanka in front of the Presidential Secretari ...

) *

Robert Huber Robert Huber (; born 20 February 1937) is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate. known for his work crystallizing an intramembrane protein important in photosynthesis and subsequently applying X-ray crystallography to elucidate the protein's st ...

, German chemist and

Nobel Nobel often refers to: *Nobel Prize, awarded annually since 1901, from the bequest of Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel Nobel may also refer to: Companies *AkzoNobel, the result of the merger between Akzo and Nobel Industries in 1994 *Branobel, or ...

laureate ** Nancy Wilson, African-American singer and actress (d.

2018 File:2018 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2018 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in PyeongChang, South Korea; Protests erupt following the Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi; March for Our Lives protests take place across the United ...

) *

Ron Clarke Ronald William Clarke, AO, MBE (21 February 1937 – 17 June 2015) was an Australian athlete, writer, and the Mayor of the Gold Coast from 2004 to 2012. He was one of the best-known middle- and long-distance runners in the 1960s, notable for ...

, Australian runner (d.

) ** King Harald V of Norway ** Jilly Cooper, English writer *

– Sir

Tom Courtenay Sir Thomas Daniel Courtenay (; born 25 February 1937) is an English actor. After studying at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Courtenay achieved prominence in the 1960s with a series of acclaimed film roles, including ''The Loneliness of t ...

, English actor

March

* March 2 – Abdelaziz Bouteflika, President of Algeria (d.

) * March 3 – Bobby Driscoll, American child actor and voice actor (d.

1968 The year was highlighted by protests and other unrests that occurred worldwide. Events January–February * January 5 – "Prague Spring": Alexander Dubček is chosen as leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. * Januar ...

) * March 4 **

Graham Dowling Graham Thorne Dowling (born 4 March 1937) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played 39 Test matches and captained New Zealand in 19 of them. He led New Zealand to its first victory in a Test series, against Pakistan in November 1969. He wa ...

, New Zealand cricketer **

Yuri Senkevich Yuri Aleksandrovich Senkevich (russian: Юрий Александрович Сенкевич) (March 4, 1937 in Choibalsan, Mongolia – September 25, 2003 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet doctor, and scientist. He is a Candidate of Sciences ...

, Russian cosmonaut (d.

2003 File:2003 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: The crew of STS-107 perished when the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated during reentry into Earth's atmosphere; SARS became an epidemic in China, and was a precursor to SARS-CoV-2; A des ...

) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

– Olusegun Obasanjo, President of Nigeria * March 6 – Valentina Tereshkova, Russian cosmonaut, first woman in space * March 8 – Juvénal Habyarimana, 3rd President of Rwanda (d.

1994 File:1994 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 1994 Winter Olympics are held in Lillehammer, Norway; The Kaiser Permanente building after the 1994 Northridge earthquake; A model of the MS Estonia, which Sinking of the MS Estonia, sank in ...

) *

–

Benny Paret Bernardo Paret (March 14, 1937 – April 3, 1962), known as Benny Paret or Benny "Kid" Paret, was a Cuban welterweight boxer who won the World Welterweight Championship twice in the early 1960s. Paret's death occurred 10 days after injuries ...

, Cuban welterweight boxer (d.

1962 Events January * January 1 – Western Samoa becomes independent from New Zealand. * January 3 – Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro for preaching communism. * January 8 – Harmelen train disaster: 93 die in the wors ...

) * March 15 – Valentin Rasputin, Russian writer (d.

) *

Aleksei Zasukhin Aleksei Fedoseyevich Zasukhin (russian: Александр Федосеевич Засухин, 18 March 1937 – 27 May 1996) was a Soviet boxer who won a national title and a European silver medal in 1961. He retired in 1962 after finishing ...

, Soviet boxer (d.

1996 File:1996 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: A Centennial Olympic Park bombing, bomb explodes at Centennial Olympic Park in Atlanta, set off by a radical Anti-abortion violence, anti-abortionist; The center fuel tank explodes on TWA Flight 8 ...

) **

Rudi Altig Rudi Altig (; 18 March 1937 – 11 June 2016) was a German professional track and road racing cyclist who won the 1962 Vuelta a España and the world championship in 1966. After his retirement from sports he worked as a television commentator. ...

, German road racing cyclist (d.

) * March 22 **

Armin Hary Armin Hary (, ; born 22 March 1937) is a retired German sprinter who won the 1960 Olympic 100 meters dash. He was the first non-North American to win the event since Percy Williams of Canada took the gold medal in 1928, the first man to run 10 ...

, German athlete **

Foo Foo Lammar Francis Joseph Pearson (22 March 1937 – 7 November 2003) was a British drag queen and nightclub owner known professionally as Foo Foo Lammar (with his surname also being spelt as Lamarr or Lamar). ''The Times'' called him "One of the North of ...

, British drag queen (d.

) ** Peter Vogel, German film actor (d.

1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd go ...

) * March 23 – Tony Burton, American actor (d.

) * March 24 –

Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Sir Lloyd Erskine Sandiford, KA, PC (born 24 March 1937) is a Barbadian politician. He served as the fourth prime minister of Barbados from 1987 to 1994. Later Sir Lloyd served as Barbados' first resident ambassador in Beijing, China from 20 ...

, 4th Prime Minister of Barbados * March 29 ** Billy Carter, American farmer, businessman, brewer, and politician (d.

1988 File:1988 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The oil platform Piper Alpha explodes and collapses in the North Sea, killing 165 workers; The USS Vincennes (CG-49) mistakenly shoots down Iran Air Flight 655; Australia celebrates its Australian ...

) **

Smarck Michel Georges Jean-Jacques Smarck Michel or Smarck Michel (March 29, 1937 – September 1, 2012) was appointed prime minister of Haiti on October 27, 1994, occupying the post from November 8, 1994 to October 16, 1995. Smarck was President Aristi ...

, 6th Prime Minister of Haiti (d.

2012 File:2012 Events Collage V3.png, From left, clockwise: The passenger cruise ship Costa Concordia lies capsized after the Costa Concordia disaster; Damage to Casino Pier in Seaside Heights, New Jersey as a result of Hurricane Sandy; People gather ...

) * March 30 – Warren Beatty, American actor and director

April

– Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Indian politician, 12th Vice President of India *

April 4 Events Pre-1600 * 503 BC – Roman consul Agrippa Menenius Lanatus celebrates a triumph for a military victory over the Sabines. * 190 – Dong Zhuo has his troops evacuate the capital Luoyang and burn it to the ground. * 611 – ...

–

Obed Dlamini Prince Obed Mfanyana Dlamini (4 April 1937, in Mhlosheni – 18 January 2017 at Milpark Hospital) was Prime Minister of Swaziland from 12 July 1989 to 25 October 1993. Career He was later a member of Liqoqo (king's advisory council), and was o ...

, 6th Prime Minister of Swaziland (d.

2017 File:2017 Events Collage V2.png, From top left, clockwise: The War Against ISIS at the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017); aftermath of the Manchester Arena bombing; The Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017 ("Great American Eclipse"); North Korea tests a ser ...

) *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

Colin Powell Colin Luther Powell ( ; April 5, 1937 – October 18, 2021) was an American politician, statesman, diplomat, and United States Army officer who served as the 65th United States Secretary of State from 2001 to 2005. He was the first African ...

, American politician (d.

) **

Guido Vildoso General Guido Hernán Vildoso Calderón (born 5 April 1937, La Paz, Bolivia) is a former Bolivian military officer who served as the de facto 59th president of Bolivia in 1982. He was Bolivia's final de facto president. Biography Born in ...

, 59th President of Bolivia * April 6 ** Merle Haggard, American country musician (d.

) ** Billy Dee Williams, African-American actor * April 10 – Bella Akhmadulina, Russian poet (d.

2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ...

) *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 *1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. *1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of Hasan ...

– Ferdinand Piëch, Austrian engineer, business magnate (d.

2019 File:2019 collage v1.png, From top left, clockwise: Hong Kong protests turn to widespread riots and civil disobedience; House of Representatives votes to adopt articles of impeachment against Donald Trump; CRISPR gene editing first used to experim ...

) * April 19 ** Antonio Carluccio, Italian-born restaurateur (d.

) ** Joseph Estrada, Filipino actor and politician, 13th President of the Philippines * April 20 – George Takei, Japanese-American actor, director and author (''

Star Trek ''Star Trek'' is an American science fiction media franchise created by Gene Roddenberry, which began with the eponymous 1960s television series and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon. The franchise has expanded into vari ...

'') * April 22 – Jack Nicholson, American film actor and director * April 24 ** Viktor Zubkov, Russian basketball player (d.

) **

Joe Henderson Joe Henderson (April 24, 1937 – June 30, 2001) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist. In a career spanning more than four decades, Henderson played with many of the leading American players of his day and recorded for several prominent l ...

, American jazz tenor saxophonist (d.

2001 The September 11 attacks against the United States by Al-Qaeda, which Casualties of the September 11 attacks, killed 2,977 people and instigated the global war on terror, were a defining event of 2001. The United States led a Participants in ...

) * April 26 – Jean-Pierre Beltoise, French racing driver (d.

) *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

–

Sandy Dennis Sandra Dale Dennis (April 27, 1937 – March 2, 1992) was an American actress. She made her film debut in the drama ''Splendor in the Grass'' (1961). For her performance in the comedy-drama film ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'' (1966), she rec ...

, American actress (d.

1992 File:1992 Events Collage V1.png, From left, clockwise: 1992 Los Angeles riots, Riots break out across Los Angeles, California after the Police brutality, police beating of Rodney King; El Al Flight 1862 crashes into a residential apartment buildi ...

) * April 28 – Saddam Hussein, 5th

President of Iraq The president of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Con ...

(d.

2006 File:2006 Events Collage V1.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2006 Winter Olympics open in Turin; Twitter is founded and launched by Jack Dorsey; The Nintendo Wii is released; Montenegro 2006 Montenegrin independence referendum, votes to declare ...

)

May

George Carlin 1975 (Little David Records) Publicity

* May 2 –

Lorenzo Music Gerald David "Lorenzo" Music (May 2, 1937 – August 4, 2001) was an American actor, producer and writer. Music began his career in the late 1960s as a writer and a regular performer on the controversial CBS variety show ''The Smothers Brothers ...

, American actor, voice actor, writer, producer and musician (d.

) * May 4 – Dick Dale, American guitarist (d.

) * May 6 –

Rubin "Hurricane" Carter Rubin "Hurricane" Carter (May 6, 1937 – April 20, 2014) was an American-Canadian middleweight boxer, wrongfully convicted and imprisoned for murder, until released following a petition of habeas corpus after almost 20 years in prison. In ...

, African-American boxer (d.

2014 File:2014 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: Stocking up supplies and personal protective equipment (PPE) for the Western African Ebola virus epidemic; Citizens examining the ruins after the Chibok schoolgirls kidnapping; Bundles of wat ...

) *

Carlos Gaviria Díaz Carlos Emilio Gaviria Díaz (8 May 1937 – 31 March 2015) was a Colombian lawyer, professor and politician. He served as the 5th Chief Magistrate of the Constitutional Court of Colombia, where he served as a Magistrate from 1993 to 2001. After ...

, Colombian justice, politician ** Thomas Pynchon, American writer * May 9 – Rafael Moneo, Spanish architect *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

–

Ildikó Újlaky-Rejtő Ildikó is a Hungarian feminine given name of Germanic origin; its original Germanic version is Ilda or Hilda. Its meaning is "battle" or "warrior" in ancient Germanic languages. Its medieval Latin version was Ildico, which the Hungarians adopt ...

, Hungarian Olympic and world champion foil fencer * May 12 – George Carlin, American stand-up comedian (d.

) *

May 13 Events Pre-1600 *1373 – Julian of Norwich has visions of Jesus while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book '' Revelations of Divine Love''. * 1501 – Amerigo Vespu ...

– Roger Zelazny, American writer (d.

1995 File:1995 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: O.J. Simpson is O. J. Simpson murder case, acquitted of the murders of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman from the 1994, year prior in "The Trial of the Century" in the United States; The ...

) * May 15 ** Madeleine Albright, Czechoslovakian-born American politician and diplomat (d.

) ** Trini Lopez, American singer, guitarist, and actor (d.

) *

May 16 Events Pre-1600 * 946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. *1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. * 1364 ...

** Yvonne Craig, American actress (''

Batman Batman is a superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and debuted in Detective Comics 27, the 27th issue of the comic book ''Detective Comics'' on ...

'') (d.

) **

Robert B. Wilson } Robert Butler Wilson, Jr. (born May 16, 1937) is an American economist and the Adams Distinguished Professor of Management, Emeritus at Stanford University. He was jointly awarded the 2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, together wit ...

, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate *

May 18 Events Pre-1600 * 332 – Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople. * 872 – Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 4 ...

– Jacques Santer, Luxembourg politician, 20th Prime Minister of Luxembourg * May 21 **

Ricardo Alarcón Ricardo Alarcón de Quesada (21 May 1937 – 30 April 2022) was a Cuban politician. He served as his country's Permanent Representative to the United Nations (UN) for nearly 30 years and later served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1992 to ...

, Cuban politician (d.

) ** Sofiko Chiaureli, Georgian actress (d.

) ** Mengistu Haile Mariam,

President of Ethiopia The President of Ethiopia is the head of state of Ethiopia. The position is largely ceremonial with executive power vested in the Council of Ministers chaired by The Prime Minister. The current president is Sahle-Work Zewde, who took office on 2 ...

May 22 Events Pre-1600 * 192 – Dong Zhuo is assassinated by his adopted son Lü Bu. * 760 – Fourteenth recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 853 – A Byzantine fleet sacks and destroys undefended Damietta in Egypt. * 11 ...

–

Facundo Cabral Facundo Cabral (birth name Rodolfo Enrique Cabral Camiñas) (May 22, 1937 – July 9, 2011) was an Argentine singer, songwriter and philosopher. He was best known as the composer of ''"No soy de aquí ni soy de allá"'' ("I'm not from here nor ...

, Argentine singer (d.

)

June

* June 1 **

Morgan Freeman Morgan Freeman (born June 1, 1937) is an American actor, director, and narrator. He is known for his distinctive deep voice and various roles in a wide variety of film genres. Throughout his career spanning over five decades, he has received ...

, African-American actor **

Colleen McCullough Colleen Margaretta McCullough (; married name Robinson, previously Ion-Robinson; 1 June 193729 January 2015) was an Australian author known for her novels, her most well-known being ''The Thorn Birds'' and ''The Ladies of Missalonghi''. Life ...

, Australian author (d.

) **

Ezio Pascutti Ezio Pascutti (; 1 June 1937 – 4 January 2017) was an Italian football manager and player, who played as a forward, either as a striker or as a winger. He spent his entire club career with Bologna, and represented Italy at two FIFA World Cup ...

, Italian footballer (d.

) * June 7 – Neeme Järvi, Estonian conductor * June 8 –

Bruce McCandless II Bruce McCandless II (born Byron Willis McCandless; June 8, 1937 – December 21, 2017) was a United States Navy officer and aviator, electrical engineer, and NASA astronaut. In 1984, during the first of his two Space Shuttle missions, h ...

, American astronaut (d.

) * June 11 – Robin Warren, Australian pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine *

June 12 Events Pre-1600 * 910 – Battle of Augsburg: The Hungarians defeat the East Frankish army under King Louis the Child, using the famous feigned retreat tactic of the nomadic warriors. * 1240 – At the instigation of Louis IX of Fr ...

– Vladimir Arnold, Soviet-Russian mathematician (d.

) * June 13 –

Raj Reddy Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (born 13 June 1937) is an Indian-American computer scientist and a winner of the Turing Award. He is one of the early pioneers of artificial intelligence and has served on the faculty of Stanford and Carnegie Mello ...

, Indian computer scientist * June 15 – Waylon Jennings, American country singer (d.

2002 File:2002 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: The 2002 Winter Olympics are held in Salt Lake City; Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother and her daughter Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon die; East Timor gains East Timor independence, indepe ...

) * June 16 **

Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Simeon Borisov von Saxe-Coburg-Gotha ( bg, Симеон Борисов Сакскобургготски, translit=Simeon Borisov Sakskoburggotski, ; born 16 June 1937) is a Bulgarian politician who reigned as the last tsar of the Kingdom of Bul ...

, Tsar of Bulgaria (1943-1946), 48th

Prime Minister of Bulgaria The prime minister of Bulgaria ( bg, Министър-председател, Ministar-predsedatel) is the head of government of Bulgaria. They are the leader of a political coalition in the Bulgarian parliament – known as the National Assemb ...

(2001-2005) **

Erich Segal Erich Wolf Segal (June 16, 1937January 17, 2010) was an American author, screenwriter, educator, and classicist who wrote the bestselling novel '' Love Story'' (1970) and its hit film adaptation. Early life and education Born and raised in a ...

, American author, screenwriter, and educator (d.

) * June 18 **

Ronald Venetiaan Ronald Runaldo Venetiaan (born 18 June 1936) is a former politician who served as the 6th President of Suriname. Biography Venetiaan was born in Paramaribo. In 1955, Venetiaan left Suriname to study mathematics and physics at the University of Lei ...

, 6th and 8th President of Suriname **

Vitaly Zholobov Vitaly Mikhaylovich Zholobov (russian: link=no, Виталий Михайлович Жолобов; born 18 June 1937) is a retired Soviet cosmonaut who flew on Soyuz 21 space flight as the flight engineer. Career Zholobov joined the space progr ...

, Soviet cosmonaut * June 19 –

André Glucksmann André Glucksmann (; 19 June 1937 – 10 November 2015) was a French philosopher, activist and writer. He was a leading figure of the new philosophers. Glucksmann began his career as a Marxist, but went on to reject communism in the popular book ...

, French philosopher, author (d.

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– Martti Ahtisaari, 10th

President of Finland The president of the Republic of Finland ( fi, Suomen tasavallan presidentti; sv, Republiken Finlands president) is the head of state of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the Finnish Government and the p ...

* June 25 ** Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait **

Keizō Obuchi was a Japanese politician who served as Prime Minister of Japan from 1998 to 2000. Obuchi was elected to the House of Representatives in Gunma Prefecture in 1963, becoming the youngest legislator in Japanese history, and was re-elected to his ...

, 54th Prime Minister of Japan (d.

2000 File:2000 Events Collage.png, From left, clockwise: Protests against Bush v. Gore after the 2000 United States presidential election; Heads of state meet for the Millennium Summit; The International Space Station in its infant form as seen from ...

) * June 26 –

Robert Coleman Richardson Robert Coleman Richardson (June 26, 1937 – February 19, 2013) was an American experimental physicist whose area of research included sub-millikelvin temperature studies of helium-3. Richardson, along with David Lee, as senior researchers, ...

, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.

2013 File:2013 Events Collage V2.png, From left, clockwise: Edward Snowden becomes internationally famous for leaking classified NSA wiretapping information; Typhoon Haiyan kills over 6,000 in the Philippines and Southeast Asia; The Dhaka garment fact ...

)

July

Lionel Jospin, mai 2014, Rennes, France (cropped)

Ryutaro Hashimoto cropped 1 Ryutaro Hashimoto 19960111

* July 2 –

Richard Petty Richard Lee Petty (born July 2, 1937), nicknamed "The King", is an American former stock car racing driver who raced from 1958 to 1992 in the former NASCAR Grand National and Winston Cup Series (now called the NASCAR Cup Series), most notabl ...

, American stock car racer, 7-time

NASCAR Winston Cup The NASCAR Cup Series is the top racing series of the National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR). The series began in 1949 as the Strictly Stock Division, and from 1950 to 1970 it was known as the Grand National Division. In 1971, ...

champion * July 3 –

Tom Stoppard Sir Tom Stoppard (born , 3 July 1937) is a Czech born British playwright and screenwriter. He has written for film, radio, stage, and television, finding prominence with plays. His work covers the themes of human rights, censorship, and politi ...

, Czech-born British playwright and screenwriter * July 4 – Queen Sonja of Norway * July 5 –

Jo de Roo Johan De Roo (born 5 July 1937) is a Dutch former professional road racing cyclist between 1958 and 1968. During 11 seasons as a professional he had six victories in single-day classics, three stages of the Tour de France and one stage of the Vu ...

, Dutch road racing cyclist * July 6 ** Vladimir Ashkenazy, Russian pianist **

Ned Beatty Ned Thomas Beatty (July 6, 1937 – June 13, 2021) was an American actor and comedian. In a career that spanned five decades, he appeared in more than 160 films. Throughout his career, Beatty gained a reputation for being "the busiest actor in ...

, American actor (d.

) ** Michael Sata, 5th President of Zambia (d.

) * July 7 **

Lars-Erik Larsson Lars-Erik Vilner Larsson (15 May 190827 December 1986) was a Swedish composer, conductor, radio producer, and educator. He wrote three of the most popular works (each a suite) in Swedish art music: ''A Winter's Tale'' (; 1937–1938), the '' Pas ...

, Swedish rowing coxswain ** Nanami Shiono, Japanese author, novelist **

Tung Chee-hwa Tung Chee-hwa (; born 7 July 1937) is a Hong Kong businessman and politician who served as the first Chief Executive of Hong Kong between 1997 and 2005, upon the transfer of sovereignty on 1 July. He is currently a vice-chairman of the Chin ...

, Hong Kong businessman and politician ** Giovanni Arrighi, Italian economist, sociologist and world-systems analyst (d.

) *

– David Hockney, English-born artist * July 12 ** Bill Cosby, African-American actor, comedian, educator and convicted sex offender ** Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France * July 14 – Yoshirō Mori, 55th Prime Minister of Japan * July 17 – Jaberi Bidandi Ssali, Ugandan politician, businessman * July 18 ** Roald Hoffmann, Polish-born chemist and

laureate ** Hunter S. Thompson, American author and journalist (d. 2005) * July 24 – Manoj Kumar, Indian actor and director * July 27 – Mirko Marjanović, 63rd Prime Minister of Serbia (d.

) * July 29 ** Ryutaro Hashimoto, 53rd Prime Minister of Japan (d.

) ** Daniel McFadden, American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate

August

– María Duval, Mexican actress and singer * August 3 – Andrés Gimeno, Spanish tennis player (d.

) *

– Manuel Pinto da Costa, Santoméan politician, 1st List of Presidents of São Tomé and Príncipe, President of São Tomé and Príncipe *

– Charlie Haden, American jazz bassist (d.

) * August 8 – Dustin Hoffman, American actor, director (''The Graduate'') * August 11 – Dieter Kemper, German cyclist (d.

) * August 15 – Bounnhang Vorachith, 14th Prime Minister, 6th President of Laos * August 18 – Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Chadian politician, former Prime Minister * August 21 ** Donald Dewar, First Minister of Scotland (d.

) ** Gustavo Noboa, President of Ecuador (d.

) * August 22 ** Rima Melati, Indonesian actress and singer (d.

) ** Francesco Musso, Italian Olympic boxer * August 26 – Gennady Yanayev, former Soviet leader (d.

) * August 27 – Alice Coltrane, African-American jazz harpist, organist, pianist and composer (d. 2007) * August 30 – Bruce McLaren, New Zealand founder of McLaren Racing (d. 1970)

September

Fernando de la Rúa con bastón y banda de presidente

* September 1 – Francisco Pinto Balsemão, Portuguese politician, 111th Prime Minister of Portugal * September 4 – Dawn Fraser, Australian swimmer * September 5 – Antonio Angelillo, Italian-Argentine footballer (d.

) * September 6 - Jo Anne Worley, American Actress, Comedienne and singer * September 7 – John Phillip Law, American actor (d.

) * September 9 – Alí Rodríguez Araque, Venezuelan politician, lawyer and diplomat (d.

) * September 10 – Jared Diamond, American geographer, anthropologist, and author * September 11 – Paola Ruffo di Calabria, Italian-born Queen of the Belgians * September 15 ** Robert Lucas Jr., American economist and Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, Nobel laureate ** Fernando de la Rúa, Argentine politician, 43rd President of Argentina (d.

) * September 20 – Monica Zetterlund, Swedish singer and actress (d. 2005) * September 26 – Jerry Weintraub, American film producer and talent agent (d.

) * September 28 – Bob Schul, American Olympic athlete *

– Daniel Filho, Brazilian film producer, director, actor, and screenwriter

October

– Johnnie Cochran, African-American attorney (d. 2005) * October 4 ** Jackie Collins, English author (d.

) ** Franz Vranitzky, 19th Chancellor of Austria * October 11 – Bobby Charlton, English footballer * October 19 – Teresa Ciepły, Polish Olympic athlete (d.

) * October 20 – Wanda Jackson, American singer, songwriter, pianist and guitarist * October 21 – Édith Scob, French film and theatre actress (d.

) * October 22 – Kader Khan, Afghan-born Indian-Canadian film actor, screenwriter, comedian, and director (d.

) * October 28 – Lenny Wilkens, American basketball player and coach * October 30 – Ashaari Mohammad, Malaysian spiritual leader (d.

) * October 31 – Tom Paxton, American folk singer, songwriter

November

* November 4 – Loretta Swit, American actress (''M*A*S*H'') *

– Chan Sek Keong, third Chief Justice of Singapore * November 8 – Dragoslav Šekularac, Serbian footballer and manager (d.

) * November 15 – Little Willie John, African-American R&B singer (d.

) * November 17 – Peter Cook, English comedian, writer and actor (d.

) * November 20 – Eero Mäntyranta, Finnish Olympic cross-country skier (d.

) * November 21 ** Ingrid Pitt, Polish-born British actress (d.

) ** Marlo Thomas, American actress, producer and social activist (''That Girl'') **Ferenc Kósa, Hungarian film director (d.

) * November 25 – Serikbolsyn Abdildin, Kazakh economist and politician (d.

) * November 26 – Boris Yegorov, Russian cosmonaut (d.

) * November 30 – Ridley Scott, British film director, producer

December

* December 1 – Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia * December 3 – Francisco Xavier do Amaral, 1st President of East Timor (d.

) * December 6 – Ramon Torrents, Spanish artist * December 8 ** James MacArthur, American actor (d.

) ** Arne Næss Jr., Norwegian mountaineer, businessman (d.

) * December 12 ** Connie Francis, American singer ** Michael Jeffery, 24th Governor-General of Australia (d.

) * December 17 – Sergio Jiménez, Mexican actor (d. 2007) * December 18 – Sami-ul-Haq, Pakistani cleric, politician (d.

) * December 21 – Jane Fonda, American actress and activist * December 26 – John Horton Conway, English-born mathematician (d.

) * December 28 – Ratan Tata, Indian industrialist * December 29 – Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008) * December 30 – Gordon Banks, English footballer (d.

) * December 31 ** Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry ** Anthony Hopkins, Welsh actor ** Milutin Šoškić, Serbian footballer (d.

)

Deaths

January

** Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati, Indian spiritual teacher (b. 1874) ** John Gresham Machen, American Presbyterian theologian (b. 1881) * January 2 – Ross Alexander, American actor (b. 1907) *

** Alberto de Oliveira, Brazilian poet (b. 1857) ** Ernst Löfström, Finnish general of World War I (b. 1865) *

** André Bessette, Canadian religious leader, saint (b. 1845) ** Albert Gleaves, American admiral (b. 1858) *

– Martin and Osa Johnson, Martin Johnson, American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (plane crash) (b. 1884) *

** Pietro Biginelli, Italian chemist (b. 1860) ** Georges Hilaire Bousquet, French scholar (b. 1845) *

– Pyotr Bark, Soviet statesman (b. 1869) * January 17 – Richard Boleslawski, Polish film director (b. 1889) * January 18 – Jaime Hilario Barbal, Spanish Roman Catholic religious professed and saint (executed) (b. 1889) * January 21 ** Yasin al-Hashimi, Iraqi politician and 4th Prime Minister of Iraq (b. 1884) ** Marie Prevost, Canadian actress (b. 1896) *

– Orso Mario Corbino, Italian physicist, politician (b. 1876)

February

– Asano Nagakoto, Japanese diplomat, politician (b. 1842) *

– Reinhold Hanisch, Austrian politician, worker (b. 1884) *

** Lou Andreas-Salomé, Russian-born writer (b. 1861) ** José Nicoletti Filho, Italian revolutionary hero (b. 1871) * February 7 – Elihu Root, American statesman, diplomat and Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1845) *

** Walter Burley Griffin, American architect, town planner (b. 1876) ** Vasily Gurko, Russian general (b. 1864) ** Maria Luisa Josefa, Mexican Roman Catholic nun and venerable (b. 1866) ** Peter of Jesus Maldonado, Mexican priest, martyr and saint (b. 1892) * February 14 ** Vicente Vilar David, Spanish Roman Catholic priest, saint and martyr (killed in battle) (b. 1889) ** Erkki Melartin, Finnish composer (b. 1875) * February 17 – George Hassell (actor), George Hassell, English actor (b. 1881) *

– Horacio Quiroga, Uruguayan writer (b. 1878) *

– Percy Cox, Sir Percy Cox, British army general and colonial administrator (b.1864) * February 24 ** Vladimir Lipsky, Soviet scientist, botanist (b. 1863) ** Beyene Merid, Ethiopian military commander (b. 1897) ** Guy Standing (actor), Sir Guy Standing, British actor (b. 1873) *

** Douglas Carnegie, British politician (b. 1870) ** Charles Donnelly (poet), Charles Donnelly, Irish poet (killed in battle) (b. 1915)

March

* March 6 – John Ellis Martineau, American politician (b. 1873) * March 7 – Concepción Cabrera de Armida, Mexican Roman Catholic mystic and blessed (b. 1862) * March 8 ** Yuriy Kotsiubynsky, Soviet politician, activist (b. 1896) ** Howie Morenz, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1902) * March 9 – Paul Elmer More, American critic, essayist (b. 1864) * March 11 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of ''Texaco'' (b. 1860) * March 12 ** Jenő Hubay, Hungarian composer, violinist (b. 1858) ** Charles-Marie Widor, French organist, composer (b. 1844) * March 13 – Elihu Thomson, English-American engineer and inventor, co-founder of General Electric (b. 1853) * March 15 – H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (b. 1890) * March 16 – Austen Chamberlain, Sir Austen Chamberlain, British statesman, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1863) *

** Mélanie Bonis, French composer (b. 1858) ** Felix Graf von Bothmer, German general (b. 1852) ** Julio Sanchez Gardel, Argentine dramatist (b. 1870) * March 20 ** Arthur Bernède, French writer, poet and playwright (b. 1870) ** Harry Vardon, English golf professional (b. 1870) * March 22 ** Thorvald Aagaard, Danish composer (b. 1877) ** Alfred Dyke Acland, British military officer (b. 1858) ** Vladimir Maksimov (actor), Vladimir Maksimov, Soviet actor (b. 1880) ** Mary Russell, Duchess of Bedford, British aviator, ornithologist (plane crash) (b. 1865) * March 25 – John Drinkwater (playwright), John Drinkwater, British poet, dramatist (b. 1882) * March 27 – Victor Gustav Bloede (chemist), Victor Gustav Bloede, Swedish chemist (b. 1849) * March 28 – Josef Klička, Czechoslovak organist, violinist and composer (b. 1855) * March 29 ** Fyodor Keneman, Soviet pianist, composer (b. 1873) ** Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (b. 1882) ** Kim You-jeong, Korean novelist (b. 1908) * March 31 – Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Turkish general (b. 1864)

April

* April 2 – Nathan Birnbaum, Austrian writer, journalist (b. 1864) *

** Sultan Abd al-Hafid of Morocco (b. 1875) ** Maria Teresa Casini, Italian Roman Catholic nun and blessed (b. 1864) *

– Jose Benlliure y Gil, Spanish painter (b. 1858) * April 6 – Gyula Juhász (poet), Gyula Juhász, Hungarian poet (b. 1883) * April 7 – Helen Burgess, American actress (b. 1916) * April 8 – Billy Bassett, English association footballer (b. 1869) * April 10 ** Ralph Ince, American film director (b. 1887) ** Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar, Indian sociologist, historian (b. 1884) * April 14 – Ned Hanlon (baseball), Ned Hanlon, American baseball manager, MLB Hall of Famer (b. 1857) * April 16 – Jay Johnson Morrow, American military engineer, politician and 3rd Governor of the Panama Canal Zone (b. 1870) * April 19 ** Martin Conway, 1st Baron Conway of Allington, British art critic, mountaineer (b. 1856) ** William Morton Wheeler, American entomologist (b. 1865) * April 20 ** Gaston Chérau, French journalist (b. 1872) ** Josef Mařatka, Czech sculptor (b. 1874) * April 21 – Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (b. 1913) * April 22 – Arthur Edmund Carewe, Armenian-American actor (b. 1884) * April 23 – Caroline Harris, American actress (b. 1867) * April 24 – Lucy Beaumont (actress), Lucy Beaumont, British actress (b. 1869) * April 25 – Michał Drzymała, Polish rebel (b. 1857) *

– Antonio Gramsci, Italian Communist writer, politician (b. 1891) * April 29 ** Wallace Carothers, American chemist, inventor of nylon (b. 1896) ** William Gillette, American actor (b. 1853)

May

* May 1 ** Snitz Edwards, Hungarian actor (b. 1868) ** Herbert Hughes (composer), Herbert Hughes, Irish composer (b. 1882) * May 2 – Takuji Iwasaki, Japanese meteorologist (b. 1869) * May 4 – Noel Rosa, Brazilian songwriter (b. 1910) * May 5 ** Camillo Berneri, Italian philosopher, anarchist (b. 1897) ** C.K.G. Billings, American horseman (b. 1861) * May 7 – Ernst A. Lehmann, German captain of the ''LZ 129 Hindenburg, Hindenburg'' (b. 1886) * May 9 ** Harry Barton (architect), Harry Barton, American architect (b. 1876) ** Maurice Conner, Canadian politician (b. 1868) * May 10 – James Blindell, Sir James Blindell, British politician (b. 1884) *

** Afonso Costa, Portuguese lawyer, professor, politician and 3-time Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1871) ** Ellen Hansell, American tennis champion (b. 1869) * May 15 – Percy Lee Gassaway, American politician (b. 1885) * May 23 – John D. Rockefeller, American industrialist, philanthropist (b. 1839) * May 24 ** Luis F. Álvarez, Spanish physician (b. 1853) ** Francis Bird (architect), Francis Bird, Australian architect (b. 1845) * May 25 – Henry Ossawa Tanner, American artist (b. 1859) * May 26 – Bertha May Crawford, Canadian opera singer (b. 1886) * May 28 – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist (b. 1870) * May 29 – Lizardo García, 17th President of Ecuador (b. 1844)

June

* June 2 – Louis Vierne, French composer (b. 1870) * June 3 ** Hugo Hammarskjöld, Swedish public servant, politician (b. 1845) ** Emilio Mola, Spanish Nationalist commander (plane crash) (b. 1887) * June 4 ** Fernand Cabrol, French theologian (b. 1855) ** Keke Geladze, mother of

, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1858) * June 7 – Jean Harlow, American actress (b. 1911) * June 10 ** Jane Foss Barff, American activist (b. 1863) ** Robert Borden, Sir Robert Borden, Canadian lawyer, politician and 8th Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854) ** Malcolm Williams (actor), Malcolm Williams, American actor (b. 1870) *

– Mikhail Tukhachevsky, Soviet Army officer, Red Army commander-in-chief (executed) (b. 1893) * June 16 – Alexander Chervyakov, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1892) * June 18 ** Pierre Bodard, French painter (b. 1881) ** Gaston Doumergue, 60th Prime Minister of France, 13th President of France (b. 1863) * June 19 – J. M. Barrie, British novelist, dramatist (b. 1860) * June 20 – Andreu Nin Pérez, Spanish politician (b. 1892) * June 25 ** Colin Clive, British actor (b. 1900) ** Marta Cunningham, American opera singer (b. 1869) * June 26 – Minoru Murata, Japanese actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1894) * June 27 – Sandro Akhmeteli, Soviet director (b. 1866) * June 28 – Max Adler (Marxist), Max Adler, Austrian Marxist theorist (b. 1873)

July

** Ilya Garkavyi, Soviet general (b. 1888) ** Matvei Vasilenko, Soviet komkor (b. 1888) * July 2 –

, American aviator (missing on this date) (b. 1897) * July 3 – Boris Gorbachyov, Soviet general (b. 1892) * July 6 ** Bohdan Ihor Antonych, Soviet poet (b. 1909) ** Ernesto Badini, Italian opera singer (b. 1876) * July 7 – Åke Hammarskjöld, Swedish diplomat, lawyer (b. 1893) * July 8 – Diana Abgar, Armenian diplomat (b. 1859) *

– Oliver Law, American labor organizer, Army officer (killed in Spanish Civil War) (b. 1899) * July 10 – Arthur Edmund Seaman, American professor and museum curator (b. 1858) * July 11 ** George Gershwin, American composer (b. 1898) ** Rodrigues Ottolengui, American writer (b. 1861) * July 12 – Hugo Charteris, 11th Earl of Wemyss, British politician, public servant (b. 1857) * July 13 ** Mykhailo Boychuk, Soviet painter (b. 1882) ** Victor Laloux, French architect (b. 1850) * July 14 ** Julius Meier, American businessman, politician (b. 1874) ** Joseph Taylor Robinson, American politician (b. 1872) * July 15 – Walter Gay, American painter (b. 1856) * July 16 – Vladimir Kirillov, Soviet poet (b. 1889) * July 17 ** Annie Furuhjelm, Finnish feminist activist, politician (b. 1859) ** Percy Gardner, British archaeologist (b. 1846) * July 18 ** Julian Bell, British poet (killed in Spanish Civil War) (b. 1908) ** Grigol Giorgadze, Soviet historian, jurist and politician (b. 1879) * July 20 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian-born American inventor (b. 1874) * July 22 ** Nazzareno Formosa, American Roman Catholic priest and reverend (b. 1901) ** Paolo Iashvili, Soviet poet (b. 1894) * July 23 – Varnava, Serbian Patriarch (b. 1880) *

– Noë Bloch, Soviet producer (b. 1875)

August

– Jean Louis Conneau, French aviator (b. 1880) *

** Adeodato Barreto, Portuguese poet (b. 1905) ** F. C. S. Schiller, German-British philosopher (b. 1864) * August 8 – Martin Rázus, Czechoslovakian poet, writer and politician (b. 1888) * August 9 – Na Woon-gyu, Korean actor, director and screenwriter (b. 1902) * August 11 – Edith Wharton, American writer (b. 1862) *

– Sigizmund Levanevsky, Soviet aircraft pilot (b. 1902) * August 19 ** Alexander Hotovitzky, Russian Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox priest, missionary and saint (b. 1872) ** Asaichi Isobe, Japanese army officer (b. 1905) ** Ivan Kataev, Russian novelist, writer (b. 1902) * August 22 ** Owen Burns (developer), Owen Burns, American entrepreneur (b. 1869) ** Gelegdorjiin Demid, Russian political military figure (b. 1900) * August 24 – Gervase Beckett, British politician (b. 1866) * August 26 ** Christos Christovasilis, Greek journalist, author (b. 1861) ** Andrew Mellon, American banker, U.S. Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1855) * August 30 ** Gaetano Bisleti, Italian cardinal (b. 1856) ** Tomás António Garcia Rosado, Portuguese general (b. 1854) *August 31 – Ruth Baldwin (died 1937), Ruth Baldwin, British socialite (b. 1905)

September

** Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, Indian revolutionary hero (b. 1880) ** Pierre de Coubertin, 2nd President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1863) * September 3 – François Guiguet, French painter (b. 1860) * September 4 ** Daniel Alexander Cameron, Canadian politician (b. 1870) ** Juan Campisteguy, Uruguayan lawyer, soldier and 25th President of Uruguay (b. 1859) * September 5 – David Hendricks Bergey, American bacteriologist (b. 1860) * September 6 – Harry Charles Purvis Bell, British civil servant, commissioner (b. 1851) * September 8 – Frank Alexander (actor), Frank Alexander, American actor (b. 1879) * September 9 ** Mikhail Diterikhs, Russian general (b. 1874) ** Géza Horváth, Hungarian doctor, entomologist (b. 1847) * September 11 – Nazmi Ziya Güran, Turkish painter (b. 1881) * September 13 – Ellis Parker Butler, American humorist (b. 1869) * September 14 – Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, Czechoslovakian politician, sociologist, philosopher and 1st President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1850) * September 15 ** Anders Bundgaard, Danish sculptor (b. 1864) ** Clifford Heatherley, British actor (b. 1888) * September 20 ** Maksymilian Horwitz, Polish socialist, communist activist (b. 1877) ** Lev Karakhan, Soviet revolutionary hero, diplomat (b. 1889) * September 21 – Osgood Perkins, American actor (b. 1892) * September 23 – Cleto González Víquez, 18th and 26th President of Costa Rica (b. 1858) * September 22 – Ruth Roland, American actress (b. 1892) * September 26 ** Bessie Smith, African-American blues singer (b. 1894) ** Edward Filene, United States, American businessman, philanthropist (b. 1860) * September 27 – Alikhan Bukeikhanov, Kazakh statesman, politician, publicist, teacher, writer and Prime Minister of Alash Autonomy (b. 1866) * September 29 – Ray Ewry, American Olympic athlete (b. 1873)

October

* October 1 – Prince Kuni Taka of Japan (b. 1875) * October 3 ** Baden Baden-Powell, American aviator pioneer (b. 1860) ** Richard Hertwig, German zoologist (b. 1850) * October 6 – Angelo Musco (actor), Angelo Musco, Italian actor (b. 1872) * October 9 ** August de Boeck, Flemish composer (b. 1865) ** Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse, German prince (b. 1868) * October 10 – Peter of Krutitsy, Soviet Orthodox priest, martyr and metropolitan (b. 1862) * October 11 – Emma E. Bower, American physician, club-woman, and newspaperwoman (b. 1852) * October 13 – Kazimierz Nowak, Polish traveller (b. 1897) * October 14 – Salvatore Micalizzi, Italian Roman Catholic priest and venerable (b. 1856) *

– James Marcus (American actor), James Marcus, American actor (b. 1867) * October 16 ** Jean de Brunhoff, French writer (b. 1899) ** William Sealy Gosset, English chemist and statistician (b. 1876) * October 17 ** J. Bruce Ismay, English businessman (b. 1862) ** Antônio Parreiras, Brazilian painter, illustrator (b. 1860) * October 19 ** Pedro Chutró, Argentine physician (b. 1880) ** Ernest Rutherford, New Zealand physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry recipient (b. 1871) * October 23 – Nikolai Klyuev, Russian poet (b. 1884) * October 26 – Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (b. 1867) * October 27 ** Joseph-Félix Bouchor, French painter (b. 1853) ** Abdul Karim Khan, Indian classical singer (b. 1872) * October 29 – Kazimierz Cichowski, Polish-born Soviet politician (b. 1887) * October 30 ** Mendel Khatayevich, Soviet politician (b. 1893) ** Ivan Zhukov, Soviet politician (b. 1889)

November

* November 1 – Ivar Bauck, Norwegian general (b. 1863) * November 2 – Félix Gaffiot, French philologist (b. 1870) * November 4 ** William Bennett (English politician), William Bennett, British politician (b. 1873) ** Alfred Walter Campbell, Australian neurologist (b. 1868) ** Gustav Gärtner, Austrian pathologist (b. 1855) ** Emil Hassler, Swiss physician, botanist (b. 1864) *

– Naoe Kinoshita, Japanese Christian socialist (b. 1869) * November 6 – Johnston Forbes-Robertson, Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson, British stage actor (b. 1853) * November 8 **Francis de Croisset, Belgian-born French playwright (b. 1877) **Giovanni De Briganti, Italian aviator (b. 1892) *

– Ramsay MacDonald, British statesman, 2-time Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866) * November 10 – Nikolai Batalov, Soviet actor (b. 1899) *

– Uryū Sotokichi, Japanese admiral (b. 1857) * November 13 – Mrs. Leslie Carter (Caroline Louise Dudley), American actress (b. 1857) * November 15 – Eero Järnefelt, Finnish realist painter (b. 1863) * November 16 ** Némèse Garneau, Canadian politician (b. 1847) ** Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark, wife of Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse, Hereditary Grand Duke Georg Donatus of Hesse, and sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (b. 1911) * November 17 – Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, coach (b. 1860) * November 20 – Metropolitan Joseph (Petrovykh) of the

(b. 1872) * November 23 ** Miklós Kovács (poet), Miklós Kovács, Hungarian-born Yugoslav poet (b. 1857) ** Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (b. 1858) ** George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (b. 1858) * November 25 ** Aleksandr Glagolev, Russian Orthodox priest, religious philosopher and saint (b. 1872) ** Alessandro Padoa, Italian mathematician (b. 1868) ** Raymond Stanton Patton, American admiral, engineer and second Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey (b. 1882) * November 26 – Peljidiin Genden, Mongolian political figure, 9th Prime Minister of Mongolia and 2nd President of Mongolia (b. 1892) * November 27 ** Vsevolod Balitsky, Leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1892) ** Eero Haapalainen, Finnish Communist leader, activist (b. 1880) ** Felix Hamrin, 22nd Prime Minister of Sweden (b. 1875) ** Vasyl Lypkivsky, Soviet Orthodox priest, metropolitan (b. 1864) ** Wilhelm Weinberg, German physician (b. 1862) * November 28 – Magnús Guðmundsson, Icelandic politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1879)

December

* December 1 – Rao Guohua, Chinese general of the National Revolutionary Army (b. 1894) * December 2 – Josep Comas i Solà, Andorran astronomer (b. 1868) * December 3 ** Attila József, Hungarian poet (b. 1905) ** Prosper Poullet, Belgian politician, 26th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1868) ** Yue Yiqin, Chinese flying ace (b. 1914) * December 4 ** Ralph Lewis (actor), Ralph Lewis, American actor (b. 1872) ** Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum, Indian politician and educationist (b. 1863) * December 8 ** Hans Molisch, Czech-Austrian botanist (b. 1856) ** Akhmet Baitursynov, Kazakh poet, politician, turkologist (b. 1872) * December 9 ** Lilias Armstrong, British phonetician (b. 1882) ** Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869) * December 10 – Robert Bolder, British actor (b. 1859) * December 12 – Alfred Abel, German actor (b. 1879) * December 14 – Fabián de la Rosa, Filipino painter (b. 1869) *

– Giorgi Mazniashvili, Soviet general (b. 1870) * December 17 – Dimitrie Călugăreanu, Romanian physician, naturalist and physiologist (b. 1868) * December 18 – Robert Worth Bingham, American politician (b. 1871) * December 20 – Erich Ludendorff, German general (b. 1865) * December 21 ** Meliton Balanchivadze, Soviet composer (b. 1862) ** Ted Healy, American actor (b. 1896) ** Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Peace Prize recipient (b. 1856) * December 22 – Joseph Darby (jumper), Joseph Darby, British jumper (b. 1861) * December 23 – Osman Nuri Hadžić, Bosnian writer (b. 1869) * December 25 – Newton D. Baker, 37th Mayor of Cleveland, Mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, United States Secretary of War (b. 1871) * December 27 – Coote Hedley, Sir Coote Hedley, British army officer and sportsman (b. 1865) * December 28 ** Herbert Bullmore, Scottish Rugby Union international player, grandfather of Kerry Packer (b. 1874) ** Maurice Ravel, French composer (''Boléro'') (b. 1875) ** Algernon Thomas, Sir Algernon Thomas, New Zealand scientist (b. 1857) * December 29 ** Frederik Beichmann, Norwegian jurist (b. 1859) ** Don Marquis, American poet (b. 1878) * December 30 – Hans Niels Andersen, Danish businessman, founder of the East Asiatic Company (b. 1852) * December 31 – Dezső Czigány, Hungarian painter (b. 1883)

Nobel Prizes

* Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics – Clinton Joseph Davisson, George Paget Thomson * Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry – Walter Haworth, Paul Karrer * Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine – Albert Szent-Györgyi, Albert von Szent-Györgyi Nagyrapolt * Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature – Roger Martin du Gard * Nobel Peace Prize, Peace – Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood, Robert Cecil

References

Links

1937 WWII Timeline

– from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia {{DEFAULTSORT:1937 1937,