Events
January–March
* January 1 –
Haiti gains independence from France, and becomes the first black republic, having the only successful
slave revolt
A slave rebellion is an armed uprising by enslaved people, as a way of fighting for their freedom. Rebellions of enslaved people have occurred in nearly all societies that practice slavery or have practiced slavery in the past. A desire for freed ...
ever.
* February 4 – The
Sokoto Caliphate is founded in West Africa.
* February 14 – The
First Serbian uprising
The First Serbian Uprising ( sr, Prvi srpski ustanak, italics=yes, sr-Cyrl, Први српски устанак; tr, Birinci Sırp Ayaklanması) was an uprising of Serbs in the Sanjak of Smederevo against the Ottoman Empire from 14 February 1 ...
begins the
Serbian Revolution
The Serbian Revolution ( sr, Српска револуција / ''Srpska revolucija'') was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman prov ...
. By 1817, the
Principality of Serbia
The Principality of Serbia ( sr-Cyrl, Књажество Србија, Knjažestvo Srbija) was an autonomous state in the Balkans that came into existence as a result of the Serbian Revolution, which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Its creation wa ...
proclaims self-rule from the
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...
, the first nation-state in Europe to do so.
* February 15 –
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York; on the east, southeast, and south by the Atlantic Ocean; on the west by the Delaware ...
becomes the last of the northern United States to abolish
slavery
Slavery and enslavement are both the state and the condition of being a slave—someone forbidden to quit one's service for an enslaver, and who is treated by the enslaver as property. Slavery typically involves slaves being made to perf ...
.
* February 16 –
First Barbary War
The First Barbary War (1801–1805), also known as the Tripolitan War and the Barbary Coast War, was a conflict during the Barbary Wars, in which the United States and Sweden fought against Tripolitania. Tripolitania had declared war against Sw ...
:
Stephen Decatur leads a raid to burn the pirate-held frigate at
Tripoli to deny her further use by the captors.
* February 18 –
Ohio University
Ohio University is a public research university in Athens, Ohio. The first university chartered by an Act of Congress and the first to be chartered in Ohio, the university was chartered in 1787 by the Congress of the Confederation and subseq ...
is chartered by the Ohio General Assembly.
* February 21 –
Cornishman
The Cornish people or Cornish ( kw, Kernowyon, ang, Cornƿīelisċ) are an ethnic group native to, or associated with Cornwall: and a recognised national minority in the United Kingdom, which can trace its roots to the ancient Britons w ...
Richard Trevithick
Richard Trevithick (13 April 1771 – 22 April 1833) was a British inventor and mining engineer. The son of a mining captain, and born in the mining heartland of Cornwall, Trevithick was immersed in mining and engineering from an early age. He w ...
's newly built ''Penydarren''
steam locomotive operates on the
Merthyr Tramroad
The Merthyr Tramroad (sometimes referred to as the Penydarren Tramroad due to its use by Trevithick's locomotive built at that ironworks) was a long line that opened in 1802, connecting the private lines belonging to the Dowlais and Penydarren I ...
, between
Penydarren
: ''For Trevithick's Pen-y-darren locomotive, see Richard Trevithick.''
Penydarren is a community and electoral ward in Merthyr Tydfil County Borough in Wales.
Description
The area is most notable for being the site of a 1st-century Roman fort, ...
in
Merthyr Tydfil and
Abercynon
Abercynon (), is both a village and a community (and electoral ward) in the Cynon Valley within the unitary authority of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales. The community comprises the village and the districts of Carnetown and Grovers Field to the south, ...
in
South Wales, following several trials since February 13, the world's first locomotive to work on rails.
* February 22 – April 22 –
1804 Haiti massacre
The 1804 Haiti massacre also known as the 1804 Haitian Genocide or simply the Haitian Genocide was carried out by Afro-Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, under orders from Jean-Jacques Dessalines against the remaining European population in ...
, an ethnic cleansing with the goal of eradicating the white population on Haiti.
* March 4–5 – The
Castle Hill convict rebellion
The Castle Hill convict rebellion was an 1804 convict rebellion in the Castle Hill area of Sydney, against the colonial authorities of the British colony of New South Wales. The rebellion culminated in a battle fought between convicts and the ...
breaks out in
New South Wales
)
, nickname =
, image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg
, map_caption = Location of New South Wales in AustraliaCoordinates:
, subdivision_type = Country
, subdivision_name = Australia
, established_title = Before federation
, es ...
, led by Irish
convicts in Australia
Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia.
The British Government began transporting convicts overseas to American colonies in the early 18th century. When ...
.
* March 7 – In Britain:
**
John Wedgwood founds the
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.
The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (Nor ...
.
**
Thomas Charles
Thomas Charles (14 October 17555 October 1814) was a Welsh Calvinistic Methodist clergyman of considerable importance in the history of modern Wales.
Early life
Charles was born of humble parentage at Longmoor, in the parish of Llanfihangel Abe ...
is instrumental in founding the
British and Foreign Bible Society.
* March 10 –
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (french: Vente de la Louisiane, translation=Sale of Louisiana) was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or app ...
,
Three Flags Day Three Flags Day commemorates March 9, and 10, 1804, when Spain officially completed turning over the Louisiana colonial territory to France, who then officially turned over the same lands to the United States, in order to finalize the 1803 Louisian ...
: In
St. Louis
St. Louis () is the second-largest city in Missouri, United States. It sits near the confluence of the Mississippi and the Missouri Rivers. In 2020, the city proper had a population of 301,578, while the bi-state metropolitan area, which e ...
, a formal ceremony is conducted to transfer ownership of
Louisiana Territory
The Territory of Louisiana or Louisiana Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1805, until June 4, 1812, when it was renamed the Missouri Territory. The territory was formed out of the ...
from France to the United States.
* March 17 –
Friedrich Schiller's play ''
Wilhelm Tell'', is first performed at
Weimar
Weimar is a city in the state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together with the neighbouri ...
, under the direction of
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as t ...
.
* March 21 – The ''
Napoleonic Code'' is adopted as French
civil law.
April–June
* April 2 – Forty
merchantmen
A merchant ship, merchant vessel, trading vessel, or merchantman is a watercraft that transports cargo or carries passengers for hire. This is in contrast to pleasure craft, which are used for personal recreation, and naval ships, which are us ...
are wrecked, when a convoy led by runs aground off Portugal.
* April 4 –
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (; 21 October 177225 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher, and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake ...
, aboard ''The Speedwell'', sails to the Mediterranean.
* April 5 – The High Possil meteorite, the first recorded
meteorite to fall in Scotland in modern times, falls at
High Possil
Milton is a district in the Scottish city of Glasgow, situated north of the River Clyde. The housing scheme is about north of Glasgow City Centre and forms part of the northern edge of the city's urban area.
Location and history
The construct ...
.
* April 26 –
Henry Addington resigns as
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...
.
* May 10 –
William Pitt the Younger
William Pitt the Younger (28 May 175923 January 1806) was a British statesman, the youngest and last prime minister of Great Britain (before the Acts of Union 1800) and then first prime minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ire ...
begins his second term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
* May 14 – The
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was a select gr ...
departs from
Camp Dubois, and begins their historic journey by traveling up the
Missouri River.
* May 18 –
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
Bonaparte is proclaimed
Emperor of the French
Emperor of the French (French: ''Empereur des Français'') was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires.
Details
A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was procla ...
by the
French Senate
The Senate (french: Sénat, ) is the upper house of the French Parliament, with the lower house being the National Assembly, the two houses constituting the legislature of France. The French Senate is made up of 348 senators (''sénateurs'' a ...
.
* May 21 –
Père Lachaise Cemetery
Père Lachaise Cemetery (french: Cimetière du Père-Lachaise ; formerly , "East Cemetery") is the largest cemetery in Paris, France (). With more than 3.5 million visitors annually, it is the most visited necropolis in the world. Notable figure ...
a cemetery in Paris, France is opened.
* June 9 –
Beethoven's ''Symphony No. 3 in E–flat'' premiered in Vienna.
* June 15 – The
Twelfth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is ratified by
New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the nor ...
, and arguably becomes effective (subsequently vetoed by the
Governor of New Hampshire
The governor of New Hampshire is the head of government of New Hampshire.
The governor is elected during the biennial state general election in November of even-numbered years. New Hampshire is one of only two states, along with bordering Verm ...
).
* June 21 –
Smithson Tennant
Smithson Tennant FRS (30 November 1761 – 22 February 1815) was an English chemist. He is best known for his discovery of the elements iridium and osmium, which he found in the residues from the solution of platinum ores in 1803. He also con ...
announces the discovery of the elements
iridium
Iridium is a chemical element with the symbol Ir and atomic number 77. A very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group, it is considered the second-densest naturally occurring metal (after osmium) with a density of ...
and
osmium; three days later,
William Hyde Wollaston
William Hyde Wollaston (; 6 August 1766 – 22 December 1828) was an English chemist and physicist who is famous for discovering the chemical elements palladium and rhodium. He also developed a way to process platinum ore into malleable ingot ...
reveals to the Royal Society that he is the formerly anonymous discoverer of
palladium
Palladium is a chemical element with the symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself na ...
.
July–September
* July 11 –
Aaron Burr, Vice President of the United States, shoots former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton during a
duel; Hamilton dies the next day.
* July 27 – The
Twelfth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which reformed the way that candidates for
President
President most commonly refers to:
*President (corporate title)
* President (education), a leader of a college or university
* President (government title)
President may also refer to:
Automobiles
* Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...
and
Vice President
A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on ...
are chosen, is ratified by
Tennessee
Tennessee ( , ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked state in the Southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th-largest by area and the 15th-most populous of the 50 states. It is bordered by Kentucky to th ...
, removing doubt surrounding adoption.
* August 11 – In reaction to Napoleon being proclaimed emperor of France,
Francis II assumes the title of a hereditary emperor of Austria (as Francis I) in addition to his title as emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. This latter title will become obsolete two years later when the formation of the Confederation of the Rhine instigated by Napoleon signals the end of the Holy Roman Empire.
* August 20 –
Lewis and Clark Expedition
The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, was the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase. The Corps of Discovery was a select gr ...
: The ''
Corps of Discovery
The Corps of Discovery was a specially established unit of the United States Army which formed the nucleus of the Lewis and Clark Expedition that took place between May 1804 and September 1806. The Corps was led jointly by Captain Meriwether Lew ...
'', whose purpose is to explore the
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (french: Vente de la Louisiane, translation=Sale of Louisiana) was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or app ...
, suffers its only death when Sergeant
Charles Floyd dies, apparently from acute
appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. Symptoms commonly include right lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and decreased appetite. However, approximately 40% of people do not have these typical symptoms. Severe complications of a ru ...
.
* September 1 – German astronomer
K. L. Harding discovers the
asteroid Juno.
October–December
* October 5 –
Action of 5 October 1804
The Battle of Cape Santa Maria was a naval engagement that took place off the southern Portuguese coast, in which a British squadron under the command of Commodore Graham Moore attacked and defeated a Spanish squadron commanded by Brigadier D ...
: War between Spain and the United Kingdom is triggered by the battle between four British warships (''Indefatigable'', ''Medusa'', ''Amphion'' and ''Lively'') and four Spanish frigates (''Medee'', ''Fama'', ''Clara'' and ''Mercedes''), all carrying treasure and merchandise. Captain Graham Moore of ''Indefatigable'' informs Spanish Admiral Jose Bustamante of his orders to detain the treasure-laden ships and, "not receiving a satisfactory answer, an Action commenced"; ''La Mercedes'' is sunk and the other three ships surrender.
* October 8 –
Jean-Jacques Dessalines holds his coronation as Jean-Jacques I, Emperor of
Haiti.
* November 3 – The
Treaty of St. Louis is signed by
Quashquame
Quashquame (alt: "Quawsquawma, Quashquami, Quashquammee, Quash-Qua-Mie, Quash-kaume, Quash-quam-ma", meaning "Jumping Fish") (c. 1764 – c . 1832) was a Sauk chief; he was the principal signer of the 1804 treaty that ceded Sauk land to the Unit ...
and
William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773April 4, 1841) was an American military officer and politician who served as the ninth president of the United States. Harrison died just 31 days after his inauguration in 1841, and had the shortest pres ...
; controversy surrounding the treaty eventually causes the
Sauk people
The Sauk or Sac are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667. Their autonym is oθaakiiwaki, and th ...
to ally with the British during the
War of 1812
The War of 1812 (18 June 1812 – 17 February 1815) was fought by the United States, United States of America and its Indigenous peoples of the Americas, indigenous allies against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom ...
, and is the main cause of the
Black Hawk War
The Black Hawk War was a conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader. The war erupted after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis (Fox), and Kickapoos, known as the " British Band", cros ...
of 1832.
* November 20 –
Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
Sayyid Saïd bin Sultan al-Busaidi ( ar, سعيد بن سلطان, , sw, Saïd bin Sultani) (5 June 1791 – 19 October 1856), was Sultan of Muscat and Oman, the fifth ruler of the Busaid dynasty from 1804 to 4 June 1856. His rule commenced fol ...
, starts to rule.
* November 30 – The
Democratic-Republican
The Democratic-Republican Party, known at the time as the Republican Party and also referred to as the Jeffersonian Republican Party among other names, was an American political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in the early ...
-controlled
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
begins an
impeachment trial against
Federalist-partisan
Supreme Court of the United States Justice
Samuel Chase
Samuel Chase (April 17, 1741 – June 19, 1811) was a Founding Father of the United States, a signatory to the Continental Association and United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Maryland, and an Associate Justice of t ...
, on charges of political bias (he is acquitted by the
United States Senate
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and pow ...
of all charges on March 1, 1805).
![Jacques-Louis David - The Coronation of Napoleon (1805-1807)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Jacques-Louis_David_-_The_Coronation_of_Napoleon_%281805-1807%29.jpg)
* December 2 –
Coronation of Napoleon I
Napoleon was crowned Emperor of the French on Sunday, December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican calendar), at Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris. It marked "the instantiation of hemodern empire" and was a "tran ...
: At the cathedral of
Notre Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris (; meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the Seine River), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris. The cathedral, dedicated to the ...
,
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
crowns himself as the first
Emperor of the French
Emperor of the French (French: ''Empereur des Français'') was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires.
Details
A title and office used by the House of Bonaparte starting when Napoleon was procla ...
in a thousand years. Witnessing this,
Simón Bolívar dedicates himself to liberating
Venezuela
Venezuela (; ), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( es, link=no, República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in th ...
from Spanish rule.
* December 3 –
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was previously the natio ...
defeats
Charles C. Pinckney in the
United States presidential election
The election of the president and the vice president of the United States is an indirect election in which citizens of the United States who are registered to vote in one of the fifty U.S. states or in Washington, D.C., cast ballots not dir ...
.
* December 12 – Spain declares war on the United Kingdom.
Date unknown
* The
Nguyễn dynasty emperor
Gia Long changes his country's official name from
Đại Việt
Đại Việt (, ; literally Great Việt), often known as Annam ( vi, An Nam, Chữ Hán: 安南), was a monarchy in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia from the 10th century AD to the early 19th century, centered around the region of present-day H ...
to
Việt Nam
Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...
.
*
Morphine
Morphine is a strong opiate that is found naturally in opium, a dark brown resin in poppies (''Papaver somniferum''). It is mainly used as a pain medication, and is also commonly used recreationally, or to make other illicit opioids. T ...
is first isolated from the
opium poppy by the German pharmacist,
Friedrich Sertürner
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner (19 June 1783 – 20 February 1841) was a German pharmacist and a pioneer of alkaloid chemistry. He is best known for his discovery of morphine in 1804.
Biography
Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner was born to J ...
.
*
Matthew Flinders recommends that
New Holland be renamed ''Australia'' (from the Latin "australis" meaning "of the south").
* ''Shimizu-gumi'', as predecessor for
Shimizu Corporation
is an architectural, civil engineering and general contracting firm. It has annual sales of approximately US$15 billion and has been widely recognized as one of the top 5 contractors in Japan and among the top 20 in the world.
It is a family bu ...
, a major construction company of Japan, founded in
Kanda
Kanda may refer to:
People
* Kanda (surname)
*Kanda Bongo Man (born 1955), Congolese soukous musician
Places
* Kanda, Tokyo, an area in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
**Kanda Station (Tokyo), a railway station in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
* Kanda River, a ri ...
region,
Edo. (now Tokyo)
*
World population
In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded 8 billion in November 2022. It took over 200,000 years of human prehistory and history for th ...
reaches 1 billion people.
Births
January–June
![Johan Ludvig Runeberg 1893](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg_1893.jpg)
* January 1 –
James Fannin
James Walker Fannin Jr. (1804 or 1805 – March 27, 1836) was an American military figure and slave trader in the Texas Army and leader during the Texas Revolution (1835-1836) against Mexico. After being outnumbered and surrendering to Mexi ...
, Texas revolutionary (d. 1836)
* January 9
**
Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines
Louis Jean-Baptiste d'Aurelle de Paladines (9 January 1804 – 17 December 1877) was a French general.
Life
He was born at Le Malzieu-Ville, Lozère, educated at the Prytanée National Militaire and St Cyr, and entered the army as sub-lieu ...
, French general (d. 1877)
**
Sydney Dacres, British admiral (d. 1884)
* January 10 –
Élie Frédéric Forey
Élie Frédéric Forey (10 January 180420 June 1872) was a Marshal of France.
Biography
Elie Frédéric Forey was born in Paris.
He studied at the French military academy Saint-Cyr and was commissioned a lieutenant in the 2nd Light Infantry Regi ...
, French general,
Marshal of France
Marshal of France (french: Maréchal de France, plural ') is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished ( ...
(d. 1872)
* January 20 –
Eugène Sue
Marie-Joseph "Eugène" Sue (; 26 January 18043 August 1857) was a French novelist. He was one of several authors who popularized the genre of the serial novel in France with his very popular and widely imitated ''The Mysteries of Paris'', whic ...
, French novelist (d. 1857)
* January 21 –
Eliza Roxcy Snow, American poet (d. 1887)
* February –
James Bronterre O'Brien, Irish-born Chartist (d. 1864)
* February 5 –
J. L. Runeberg, Finnish national poet (d. 1877)
* February 7 –
John Deere, American industrialist (d. 1886)
* February 13 –
Claude-Étienne Minié
Claude-Etienne Minié (13 February 1804 – 14 December 1879) was a French military instructor and inventor famous for solving the problem of designing a reliable muzzle-loading rifle by inventing the Minié ball in 1846, and the Minié rifle in ...
, French army officer and weapon inventor (d. 1879)
* February 29 –
Carl von Rokitansky
Baron Carl von Rokitansky (german: Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky, cs, Karel Rokytanský; 19 February 1804 – 23 July 1878) was a Bohemian physician, pathologist, humanist philosopher and liberal politician, founder of the Viennese School of Medi ...
, Czech physician and pathologist (d. 1878)
* March 8 –
Alvan Clark, American telescope manufacturer (d. 1887)
* March 14 –
Johann Strauss Senior, Austrian composer (d. 1849)
* March 17 –
Jim Bridger
James Felix "Jim" Bridger (March 17, 1804 – July 17, 1881) was an American mountain man, trapper, Army scout, and wilderness guide who explored and trapped in the Western United States in the first half of the 19th century. He was known as Old ...
, American trapper and explorer (d. 1881)
* March 20 –
Neal Dow
Neal Dow (March 20, 1804 – October 2, 1897) was an American Prohibition advocate and politician. Nicknamed the "Napoleon of Temperance movement, Temperance" and the "Father of Prohibition", Dow was born to a Quaker family in Portland, Maine. ...
, mayor of Portland and Father of Prohibition (d. 1897)
* April 3 –
Lucien Baudens, French military surgeon (d. 1857)
* April 4 –
Andrew Nicholl, Northern Irish painter (d. 1886)
* April 26 –
Charles Goodyear
Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an American self-taught chemist and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Patent Office on June 15, 1844. ...
, American politician (d. 1876)
* May 4 –
Margaretta Riley
Margaretta Riley, née Hopper (May 4, 1804 - July 16, 1899) was an English botanist. She studied ferns and was the first British pteridologist of her sex.
Life
She was born in Castle Gate, Nottingham on 4 May 1804 to Richard and Margaretta Hoppe ...
, British botanic (d. 1899)
* May 13 –
Per Gustaf Svinhufvud af Qvalstad, Swedo-Finnish treasurer of
Tavastia province, manor host, and paternal grandfather of President
P. E. Svinhufvud (d. 1866)
PEHR EVIND SVINHUFVUD (1861—1944), 1ST REGENT OF FINLAND (1918), 3RD PRESIDENT OF FINLAND (1931—1937)
/ref>
* May 16 – Elizabeth Peabody
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (May 16, 1804January 3, 1894) was an American educator who opened the first English-language kindergarten in the United States. Long before most educators, Peabody embraced the premise that children's play has intrinsic de ...
, Transcendental activist, educator (d. 1894)
* June 1
** Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (d. 1857)
** George Sand
Amantine Lucile Aurore Dupin de Francueil (; 1 July 1804 – 8 June 1876), best known by her pen name George Sand (), was a French novelist, memoirist and journalist. One of the most popular writers in Europe in her lifetime, bein ...
, French writer (d. 1876)
* June 24 – Willard Richards
Willard Richards (June 24, 1804 – March 11, 1854) was a physician and midwife/nurse trainer and an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. He served as second counselor to church president Brigham Young in the First Presidency of th ...
, American religious leader (d. 1854)
July–December
* July 4 – Nathaniel Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne (July 4, 1804 – May 19, 1864) was an American novelist and short story writer. His works often focus on history, morality, and religion.
He was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, from a family long associated with that t ...
, American writer (d. 1864)
* July 6 – Jerónimo Carrión
Jerónimo Carrión y Palacio (6 July 1804, Cariamanga – 5 May 1873) was President of Ecuador between 7 September 1865 and 6 November 1867. He also served as Vice President of Ecuador
The vice president of Ecuador is the second highest pol ...
, 8th President of Ecuador (d. 1873)
* July 14 – Ludwig von Benedek
Ludwig August Ritter von Benedek (14 July 1804 – 27 April 1881), also known as Lajos Benedek, was an Austro-Hungarian general (Feldzeugmeister), best known for commanding the imperial army in 1866 in their defeat at the Battle of Königg ...
, Austrian general (d. 1881)
* July 20 – Richard Owen, English anatomist, paleontologist, and zoologist (d. 1892)
* July 23 – Jane Irwin Harrison
Jane Harrison ( ''née'' Irwin; July 23, 1804 – May 11, 1845 or 1847) briefly acted as first lady of the United States, performing the duties of presidential hostess during the administration of her father-in-law William Henry Harrison, th ...
, ''de facto'' First Lady of the United States (d. 1846)
* July 28 – Ludwig Feuerbach
Ludwig Andreas von Feuerbach (; 28 July 1804 – 13 September 1872) was a German anthropologist and philosopher, best known for his book '' The Essence of Christianity'', which provided a critique of Christianity that strongly influenced gene ...
, German philosopher (d. 1872)
* September 5 – William Alexander Graham
William Alexander Graham (September 5, 1804August 11, 1875) was a United States senator from North Carolina from 1840 to 1843, a senator later in the Confederate States Senate from 1864 to 1865, the 30th governor of North Carolina from 1845 to ...
, United States Senator
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and powe ...
from North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia and ...
(1840–1843), Confederate States Senator (1864–1865) (d. 1875)
* September 8 – Eduard Mörike
Eduard Friedrich Mörike (8 September 18044 June 1875) was a German Lutheran pastor who was also a Romantic poet and writer of novellas and novels. Many of his poems were set to music and became established folk songs, while others were used by ...
, German poet (d. 1875)
* September 11 – Mercedes Marín del Solar, international Chilean poet and reform educator (d. 1866)
* September 14
** Louis Désiré Maigret, Roman Catholic bishop of Honolulu
Honolulu (; ) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean. It is an unincorporated county seat of the consolidated City and County of Honolulu, situated along the southeast coast of the island ...
(d. 1882)
** John Gould
John Gould (; 14 September 1804 – 3 February 1881) was an English ornithologist. He published a number of monographs on birds, illustrated by plates produced by his wife, Elizabeth Gould, and several other artists, including Edward Lear, ...
, English ornithologist (d. 1881)
* October 18 – Mongkut, Rama IV, King of Siam (d. 1868)
* October 24 – Wilhelm Eduard Weber
Wilhelm Eduard Weber (; ; 24 October 1804 – 23 June 1891) was a German physicist and, together with Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor of the first electromagnetic telegraph.
Biography of Wilhelm
Early years
Weber was born in Schlossstrasse i ...
, German physicist (d. 1891)
* November 18 – Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora, Italian general and statesman (d. 1878)
* November 23 – Franklin Pierce, 14th President of the United States (d. 1869)
* December 7 – Noah Haynes Swayne
Noah Haynes Swayne (December 7, 1804 – June 8, 1884) was an American jurist and politician. He was the first Republican appointed as a justice to the United States Supreme Court.
Birth and early life
Swayne was born in Frederick County, Vir ...
, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1884)
* December 10 – Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (; ; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants, and number theory. His name is occasiona ...
, German mathematician (d. 1851)
* December 13 – Joseph Howe
Joseph Howe (December 13, 1804 – June 1, 1873) was a Nova Scotian journalist, politician, public servant, and poet. Howe is often ranked as one of Nova Scotia's most admired politicians and his considerable skills as a journalist and writer ha ...
, Canadian politician (d. 1873)
* December 16 – Viktor Bunyakovsky
Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky (russian: Ви́ктор Я́ковлевич Буняко́вский, uk, Ві́ктор Я́кович Буняко́вський; , Bar, Ukraine, Bar, Podolia Governorate, Russian Empire – , St. Petersburg, R ...
, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician (d. 1889)
* December 21 – Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The prime minister of the United Kingdom is the head of government of the United Kingdom. The prime minister advises the sovereign on the exercise of much of the royal prerogative, chairs the Cabinet and selects its ministers. As modern ...
(d. 1881)
* December 23 – Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (d. 1869)
Date unknown
* Isaac Aaron, English-born physician, owner of the '' Australian Medical Journal'' and secretary of the Australian Medical Association (d. 1877)
* James Fannin
James Walker Fannin Jr. (1804 or 1805 – March 27, 1836) was an American military figure and slave trader in the Texas Army and leader during the Texas Revolution (1835-1836) against Mexico. After being outnumbered and surrendering to Mexi ...
, colonel in Army of the Republic of Texas and slave trader (executed 1836)
* Hortense Globensky-Prévost, Canadian heroine (d. 1873)
* Anne Hill, British-Canadian dancer and actor (d. 1896)
* Chō Kōran, Japanese poet and painter (d. 1879)
* Eugénie Luce, French educator (d. 1882)
* James Mackay, Scottish-born New Zealand politician (d. 1875)
Deaths
January–June
* January 4 – Charlotte Ramsey Lennox, British author and poet (b. 1727)
* January 15 – Dru Drury
Dru Drury (4 February 1724 – 15 December 1803) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He had specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry Sme ...
, English entomologist (b. 1725)
* February 3 – Sir Edward Blackett, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1719)
* February 6 – Joseph Priestley
Joseph Priestley (; 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator, and liberal political theorist. He published over 150 works, and conducted exp ...
, British chemist (b. 1733)
* February 7 – William Bingham, American Continental congressman, senator for Pennsylvania (b. 1752)
* February 12 – Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (, , ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and ...
, German philosopher (b. 1724)
* March 3 – Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo
Giovanni Domenico Tiepolo (August 30, 1727March 3, 1804) was an Italian painter and printmaker in etching. He was the son of artist Giovanni Battista Tiepolo and elder brother of Lorenzo Baldissera Tiepolo.
Life history
Domenico was born in ...
, painter (b. 1727)
* March 13 – Damodar Pande
Damodar Pande ( ne, दामोदर पाँडे) (1752 – March 13, 1804) was the Mulkaji of Nepal (equivalent to Prime Minister of Nepal) from 1803 to 1804 and most influential Kaji since 1794 to his death on March 13, 1804. He is al ...
, Prime Minister of Nepal (b. 1752)
* March 16 – Henrik Gabriel Porthan Finnish writer and historian (b. 1739)
* March 21 – Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
Louis Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien (''duc d'Enghien'' pronounced ) (Louis Antoine Henri; 2 August 1772 – 21 March 1804) was a member of the House of Bourbon of France. More famous for his death than for his life, he was executed on char ...
(executed) (b. 1772)
* March 30 – Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie
Victor François de Broglie, 2nd duc de Broglie (19 October 171830 March 1804) was a French aristocrat and soldier and a marshal of France. He served with his father, François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, at Parma and Guastalla, and in 1734 ...
, Marshal of France (b. 1718)
* April 9 – Jacques Necker
Jacques Necker (; 30 September 1732 – 9 April 1804) was a Genevan banker and statesman who served as finance minister for Louis XVI. He was a reformer, but his innovations sometimes caused great discontent. Necker was a constitutional monarchi ...
, French statesman (b. 1732)
* April 11 – Miklós Küzmics
Miklós Küzmics (Slovene: Mikloš Küzmič; September 15, 1737 – April 11, 1804) was a Hungarian Slovene writer and translator.
Biography
Küzmics was born in Dolnji Slaveči and died in Kančevci. His parents were János and Erzsébet Küs ...
, Hungarian Slovenes
Hungarian Slovenes ( Slovene: ''Madžarski Slovenci'', hu, Magyarországi szlovének) are an autochthonous ethnic and linguistic Slovene minority living in Hungary. The largest groups are the Rába Slovenes ( sl, porabski Slovenci, dialectical ...
writer, Catholic priest (b. 1737)
* April 15 – Jean-Charles Pichegru
Jean-Charles Pichegru (, 16 February 1761 – 5 April 1804) was a French general of the Revolutionary Wars. Under his command, French troops overran Belgium and the Netherlands before fighting on the Rhine front. His royalist positions led to hi ...
, French general (strangled in prison) (b. 1761)
* May 25 – Johann Joachim Spalding, German theologian (b. 1714)
July–December
* July 12 – Alexander Hamilton, American statesman and Founding Father (killed in a duel) (b. 1755 or 1757)
* September 4 – Richard Somers
Richard Somers (September 15, 1778 – September 4, 1804) was an officer of the United States Navy, killed during an assault on Tripoli during the First Barbary War.
Early career
Born at Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey, he attended the Episc ...
, American naval officer (killed in battle) (b. 1778)
* September 20 – Pierre Méchain
Pierre François André Méchain (; 16 August 1744 – 20 September 1804) was a French astronomer and surveyor who, with Charles Messier, was a major contributor to the early study of deep-sky objects and comets.
Life
Pierre Méchain was born i ...
, French astronomer (b. 1744)
* October 2 – Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot
Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot (26 February 1725 – 2 October 1804) was a French inventor who built the world's first full-size and working self-propelled mechanical land-vehicle, the "Fardier à vapeur" – effectively the world's first automobile.
B ...
, French steam vehicle pioneer (b. 1725)
* October 8 – Thomas Cochran (judge), Canadian judge (b. 1777)
* October 29 – Sarah Crosby, the first female Methodist
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related denominations of Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John Wesley. George Whitefield and John's ...
preacher (b. 1729)
* November 1 – Johann Friedrich Gmelin, German naturalist (b. 1748)
* November 5 – Maria Anna Adamberger
Maria Anna/Anna Marie "Nanny" Adamberger (23 October 1752 – 5 November 1807), born Jaquet, was an Austrian actress. She was played ''ingénue'' roles in comedies and originated the role of Madame Vogelsang in ''Der Schauspieldirektor'' ("T ...
, Austrian actress (b. 1752)
* November 18 – Philip Schuyler
Philip John Schuyler (; November 18, 1804) was an American general in the Revolutionary War and a United States Senator from New York. He is usually known as Philip Schuyler, while his son is usually known as Philip J. Schuyler.
Born in Alb ...
, general in the American Revolution
The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that occurred in British America between 1765 and 1791. The Americans in the Thirteen Colonies formed independent states that defeated the British in the American Revoluti ...
, a United States senator
The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
The composition and powe ...
from New York, father of Angelica Schuyler Church
Angelica Church (née Schuyler ; February 20, 1756 – March 6, 1814) was an American socialite. She was the eldest daughter of Continental Army General Philip Schuyler, and a sister of Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton and sister-in-law of Alexand ...
and Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton
Elizabeth Hamilton (née Schuyler ; August 9, 1757 – November 9, 1854), also called Eliza or Betsey, was an American socialite and philanthropist. Married to American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, she was a defender of his works and co- ...
, father-in-law of Alexander Hamilton (b. 1733)
* November 23 – Richard Graves
Richard Graves (4 May 1715 – 23 November 1804) was an English cleric, poet, and novelist. He is remembered especially for his picaresque novel ''The Spiritual Quixote'' (1773).
Early life
Graves was born at Mickleton Manor, Mickleton, Glouce ...
, English writer (b. 1715)
* December 18 – Jacob ben Wolf Kranz Jacob ben Wolf Kranz of Dubno ( he, יעקב קרנץ; 1741–1804), the ''Dubner Maggid'' (), was a Lithuanian (Belarus)-born preacher (maggid). (Alternative spelling of family name: Kranc)
Famous fables and stories
The Dubner Maggid is famous ...
, Lithuanian maggid (b. c. 1740)
* December 25 – Contarina Barbarigo, famous Venetian noble.
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:1804
Leap years in the Gregorian calendar