Events

January–March

January 16 Events Pre-1600 * 27 BC – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate, marking the beginning of the Roman Empire. * 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal, enlarging the domain of King Spear ...

– Francesco Morosini, the Doge of Venice since 1688, dies after ruling the Republic for more than five years and a few months after an unsuccessful attempt to capture the island of Negropont from the Ottoman Empire during the Morean War. * January 18 – Sir James Montgomery of Scotland, who had been arrested on January 11 for conspiracy to restore King James to the throne, escapes and flees to France. * January 21 (January 11 O.S.) – The Kiev Academy, now the national university of Ukraine, receives official recognition by Tsar Ivan V of Russia. * January 28 – '' Pirro e Demetrio'', an opera by

Alessandro Scarlatti Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti (2 May 1660 – 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroque composer, known especially for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the most important representative of the Neapolitan school of opera. ...

, is given its first performance, debuting at the Teatro San Bartolomeo in Naples. The opera is adapted in 1708 in London as Pyrrhus and Demetrius and becomes the second most popular opera in 18th century London. * January 29 – French missionary Jean-Baptiste Labat arrives in the "New World", landing at the Caribbean island of Martinique. *

February 5 Events Pre-1600 * 62 – Earthquake in Pompeii, Italy. * 1576 – Henry of Navarre abjures Catholicism at Tours and rejoins the Protestant forces in the French Wars of Religion. * 1597 – A group of early Japanese Christians ar ...

– The ship ''

Ridderschap van Holland ''Ridderschap van Holland'' (Dutch - "Knighthood of Holland") is a name that has been held by various Dutch naval and merchant ships, including: * ''Ridderschap van Holland'', Dutch naval ship, 64/66 guns, Vice-Admiral Johan de Liefde's flagship a ...

'' is lost at sea, having departed the

Cape of Good Hope The Cape of Good Hope ( af, Kaap die Goeie Hoop ) ;''Kaap'' in isolation: pt, Cabo da Boa Esperança is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. A common misconception is that the Cape of Good Hope is t ...

with a crew of 300, with a destination of Batavia (now Jakarta in Indonesia), normally a voyage of two months. It never arrives and is never seen again. *

February 6 Events Pre-1600 * 1579 – The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop. 1601–1900 * 1685 – James II of England and VII of Scotland is proclaimed King upon the death of ...

– The colony of '' Quilombo dos Palmares'', created by rebel African slaves in Brazil, is destroyed by the

bandeirantes The ''Bandeirantes'' (), literally "flag-carriers", were slavers, explorers, adventurers, and fortune hunters in early Colonial Brazil. They are largely responsible for Brazil's great expansion westward, far beyond the Tordesillas Line of 1494 ...

, colonial troops under the command of Domingos Jorge Velho. After a successful attack on its capital, Cerca do Macaco, the last King of Dos Palmares, Zumbi, flees after a reign of more than 13 years, but is later captured and executed. *

February 26 Events Pre-1600 *747 BC – According to Ptolemy, the epoch (origin) of the Nabonassar Era began at noon on this date. Historians use this to establish the modern BC chronology for dating historic events. * 364 – Valentinian I is p ...

– Silvestro Valier is elected as the new Doge of Venice to replace the late Francesco Morosini * March 1 – The HMS ''Sussex'' treasure fleet of thirteen ships is wrecked in the Mediterranean off

Gibraltar ) , anthem = " God Save the King" , song = " Gibraltar Anthem" , image_map = Gibraltar location in Europe.svg , map_alt = Location of Gibraltar in Europe , map_caption = United Kingdom shown in pale green , mapsize = , image_map2 = Gib ...

, with the loss of approximately 1,200 lives. * March 8 - The

Casa da Moeda do Brasil The Casa da Moeda do Brasil is the Brazilian mint, owned by the Brazilian government and administratively subordinated to the Ministry of Finances. It was established in 1694. Its current headquarters and industrial facilities occupy a modern pla ...

is formed by Peter II of Portugal.

April–June

* April – The largest volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius since 1631 takes place, with explosive activity in the crater from 5 April and lava flows on 13 April towards both San Giorgio a Cremano and Torre del Greco. Around 20 April ash falls are experienced as far away as

Calabria , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = , demographics1_info1 = , demographics1_title2 ...

. * April 2 – Sheikh Yusuf, exiled by the administrators of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), arrives at the Dutch Cape Colony on the ship ''De Voetboog'', at what is now Cape Town, South Africa, along with two wives, two concubines and 12 children. Resettled by the colonial government at a farm in Zandvliet, the Sheikh introduces

Islam Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic Monotheism#Islam, monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God in Islam, God (or ...

to South Africa. * April 7 – The English Navy's 40-gun warship, HMS ''Ruby'', captures the French privateer '' Entreprenant'' in battle. The confiscated ship is renamed HMS ''Ruby Prize''. * April 12 – The French ship ''Diligente'', commanded by

René Duguay-Trouin René Trouin, Sieur du Gué, also known as René Duguay-Trouin, (10 June 1673 – 1736) was a French naval officer, nobleman, slave trader, and privateer best known for his career during the War of the Spanish Succession. He had a brillian ...

, covers the escape of a convoy of ships that he is escorting, but then is surrounded and attacked by six Royal Navy ships led by David Mitchell. Most of the ''Diligente'' crew is lost in the battle, and Duguay-Trouin is captured. *

April 27 Events Pre-1600 * 247 – Philip the Arab marks the millennium of Rome with a celebration of the ''ludi saeculares''. * 395 – Emperor Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto. She becomes one of ...

– Frederick Augustus of Wettin, later known as "Augustus the Strong" and the future King of Poland, becomes the new Elector of Saxony upon the death of his 25-year-old older brother, John George IV *

May 27 Events Pre-1600 * 1096 – Count Emicho enters Mainz, where his followers massacre Jewish citizens. At least 600 Jews are killed. * 1120 – Richard III of Capua is anointed as Prince two weeks before his untimely death. * 1153 &ndash ...

– Taking advantage of a fog, the French Army, with 24,000 troops, fights the Battle of Torroella against an equally large Spanish Army force on the banks of the Ter in Spain, near the city of Girona during the

Nine Years' War The Nine Years' War (1688–1697), often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg, was a conflict between France and a European coalition which mainly included the Holy Roman Empire (led by the Habsburg monarch ...

. The Spaniards suffer 3,000 casualties, while the French sustain 500. * June 22 – An annular

solar eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby obscuring the view of the Sun from a small part of the Earth, totally or partially. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six month ...

is visible across North America and the Atlantic Ocean. * June 24 – The Tunisian–Algerian War begins as Algerian troops cross into Tunisia. * June 29 – The Battle of Texel is fought near the Dutch island of Texel, one of the

West Frisian Islands The West Frisian Islands (; fry, Waadeilannen) are a chain of islands in the North Sea off the Dutch coast, along the edge of the Wadden Sea. They continue further east as the German East Frisian Islands and are part of the Frisian Islands. Fr ...

. The French Navy force of 8 ships, commanded by Jean Bart, locates and rescues three French ships that had been captured by the Dutch Republic in late May. Bart fights a larger force commanded by Hidde Sjoerds de Vries, who dies of his wounds after being captured.

July–September

* July 27 – The

Bank of England The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker, and still one of the bankers for the Government of ...

is founded through Royal charter by the Whig-dominated Parliament of England, following a proposal by Scottish merchant William Paterson to raise capital, by offering safe and steady returns of interest guaranteed by future taxes. A total of £1.2 million is raised for the war effort against Louis XIV of France by the end of the year, to establish the first-ever government debt. *

August 6 Events Pre-1600 *1284 – The Republic of Pisa is defeated in the Battle of Meloria by the Republic of Genoa, thus losing its naval dominance in the Mediterranean. * 1538 – Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada ...

– The coronation of

Sultan Husayn Soltan Hoseyn ( fa, شاه سلطان حسین, Soltān-Hoseyn; 1668 – 9 September 1727) was the Safavid shah of Iran from 1694 to 1722. He was the son and successor of Shah Solayman (). Born and raised in the royal harem, Soltan Hoseyn ascen ...

of the

Safavid dynasty The Safavid dynasty (; fa, دودمان صفوی, Dudmâne Safavi, ) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of th ...

as the

Shah of Persia Iranian monarchism is the advocacy of restoring the monarchy in Iran, which was abolished after the 1979 Revolution. Historical background Iran first became a constitutional monarchy in 1906, but underwent a period of autocracy during the years ...

takes place in

Isfahan Isfahan ( fa, اصفهان, Esfahân ), from its Achaemenid empire, ancient designation ''Aspadana'' and, later, ''Spahan'' in Sassanian Empire, middle Persian, rendered in English as ''Ispahan'', is a major city in the Greater Isfahan Regio ...

, eight days after the death of his father Suleiman I. * August 24 – The Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, the first official dictionary of the French language, is presented by Jacques de Tourreil and Academy members on behalf of the

Académie française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, secondary or tertiary education, tertiary higher education, higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membershi ...

King Louis XIV Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was List of French monarchs, King of France from 14 May 1643 until his death in 1715. His reign of 72 years and 110 days is the Li ...

. * September 5 – The

Great Fire of Warwick The Great Fire of Warwick was a major conflagration that swept through the small town of Warwick, England, beginning at 2:00 p.m. on 5 September 1694 and lasting for six hours. The fire started from a stray spark from the blacksmith located in ...

breaks out in England and destroys half the town. Donors raise £110,000 toward disaster relief, with Queen Anne contributing £1,000."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance'', Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 46 * September 8 – The 1694 Irpinia–Basilicata earthquake causes widespread severe damage and over 6,000 deaths in the Kingdom of Naples. * September 27 – A hurricane hits Carlisle Bay, Barbados, sinking 27 British ships and resulting in 3,000 casualties.

October–December

* October 19 – A major windstorm begins and continues for several days, spreading the Culbin Sands over a large area of farmland in the Scottish Highlands in the

County of Moray Moray; ( gd, Moireibh ) or Morayshire, called Elginshire until 1919, is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area of Scotland, bordering Nairnshire to the west, Inverness-shire to the south, and Banffshire to the east. It w ...

and burying the now-abandoned village of Culbin. * October 23 – British/American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phips, fail to seize Quebec from the French. * October 25 – Queen

Mary II of England Mary II (30 April 166228 December 1694) was List of English monarchs, Queen of England, List of Scottish monarchs, Scotland, and Monarchy of Ireland, Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III of England, William III & II, from 1689 unt ...

founds the Royal Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich. * November 12 – The Army of Algeria captures Tunis, the capital of Tunisia, after a siege of three months, bringing an end to the Tunisian–Algerian War. Mohamed Bey El Mouradi, the Bey of Tunis, flees southward while Prince Muhammad ben Cheker of Tunisia becomes the new Dey on behalf of the Dey of Algiers, Hadj Ahmed. * December 3 – The Parliament of England passes the Triennial Act, requiring

general election A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...

s every three years. * December 6 – Thomas Tenison is appointed

Archbishop of Canterbury The archbishop of Canterbury is the senior bishop and a principal leader of the Church of England, the ceremonial head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of Canterbury. The current archbishop is Justi ...

. * December 16 – A total

is visible across South America.

Date unknown

* The Lao empire of Lan Xang unofficially ends. * The notorious voyage of the English slave ship ''

Hannibal Hannibal (; xpu, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋, ''Ḥannibaʿl''; 247 – between 183 and 181 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman who commanded the forces of Carthage in their battle against the Roman Republic during the Second Puni ...

'' (part of the

Atlantic slave trade The Atlantic slave trade, transatlantic slave trade, or Euro-American slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and i ...

out of Benin) ends with the death of nearly half of the 692 slaves aboard. * Rascians establish the settlement which will become Novi Sad on the Danube. * The Parker Tavern is built in Reading, Massachusetts.

Births

Elisha Williams fourth Rector of Yale College 1726 to 1735

January–March

* January 1 – Abdallah of Morocco, Sultan of Morocco (d.

1757 Events January–March * January 2 – Seven Years' War: The British Army, under the command of Robert Clive, captures Calcutta, India. * January 5 – Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt ...

) *

January 3 Events Pre-1600 *AD 69, 69 – The Roman legions on the Rhine refuse to declare their allegiance to Galba, instead proclaiming their legate, Aulus Vitellius, as emperor. * 250 – Emperor Decius orders everyone in the Roman Empire (ex ...

– Paul of the Cross, Italian mystic (d.

1775 Events Summary The American Revolutionary War began this year, with the first military engagement being the April 19 Battles of Lexington and Concord on the day after Paul Revere's now-legendary ride. The Second Continental Congress t ...

) * January 5 –

Theophilus Siegfried Bayer Theophilus (Gottlieb) Siegfried Bayer (1694–1738), was a German classical scholar with specialization in Sinology. He was a Sinologist and professor of Greek and Roman Antiquities at St Petersburg Academy of Sciences between 1726 and 1737. Per ...

, German sinologst (d.

1738 Events January–March * January 1 – At least 664 African slaves drown, when the Dutch West Indies Company slave ship ''Leusden'' capsizes and sinks in the Maroni River, during its arrival in Surinam. The Dutch crew escape ...

) *

January 6 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eve ...

– Melchor Chyliński, Polish presbyter (d.

1741 Events January–March * January 13 – Lanesborough, Massachusetts is created as a township. * February 13 – Sir Robert Walpole, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, popularizes the term "the balance of power" in a spe ...

) * January 12 **

Oluf Blach Oluf Blach (12 January 1694 – 10 July 1767) was a Danish merchant. His son continued his trading house after his death. The company changed its name to C. S. Blacks Enke & Co. in 1783. Early life and education Blach was born into a wealthy fami ...

, Danish merchant (d.

1767 Events January–March * January 1 – The first annual volume of ''The Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris'', produced by British Astronomer Royal Nevil Maskelyne at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, gives navigators the ...

) **

Johann Heinrich Callenberg Johann Heinrich Callenberg (January 12, 1694 – July 11, 1760) was a German Orientalist, Lutheran professor of theology and philology, and promoter of conversion attempts among Jews and Muslims. Life Callenberg was born in Molschleben of p ...

, German theologian (d.

1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over the Fr ...

) *

January 25 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – After a night of negotiation, Claudius is accepted as Roman emperor by the Senate. * 750 – In the Battle of the Zab, the Abbasid rebels defeat the Umayyad Caliphate, leading to the overthrow of the dynasty ...

– Simon Henry Adolph, Count of Lippe-Detmold (d.

1734 Events January– March * January 8 – Salzburgers, Lutherans who were expelled by the Roman Catholic Bishop of Salzburg, Austria, in October 1731, set sail for the British Colony of Province of Georgia, Georgia in North America ...

) * January 28 – Peter Collinson, botanist (d.

1768 Events January–March * January 9 – Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses, in London. * February 11 – Samuel Adams's circular letter is issued by the Massachusetts House of Rep ...

) *

February 1 Events Pre-1600 * 1327 – The teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Isabella and her lover Roger Mortimer. * 1411 – The First Peace of Thorn is signed in Thorn (Toruń), Mon ...

– Giuseppe Spinelli, Catholic cardinal (d.

1763 Events January–March * January 27 – The seat of colonial administration in the Viceroyalty of Brazil is moved from Salvador to Rio de Janeiro. * February 1 – The Royal Colony of North Carolina officially creates Meck ...

) *

February 4 Events Pre–1600 * 211 – Following the death of the Roman Emperor Septimius Severus at Eboracum (modern York, England) while preparing to lead a campaign against the Caledonians, the empire is left in the control of his two quarrellin ...

–

Georg Gottlob Richter Georg Gottlob Richter (4 February 1694 – 28 May 1773) was a professor of medicine, philosophy, and philology. Education Before receiving his MD degree, Richter spent a year (1718) in Leiden listening to the lectures of Herman Boerhaave. He the ...

, German philosopher and physician (d.

1773 Events January–March * January 1 – The hymn that becomes known as ''Amazing Grace'', at this time titled "1 Chronicles 17:16–17", is first used to accompany a sermon led by curate John Newton in the town of Olney, Bucking ...

) *

February 11 Events Pre-1600 *660 BC – Traditional date for the foundation of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. * 55 – The death under mysterious circumstances of Tiberius Claudius Caesar Britannicus, heir to the Roman empire, on the eve of his coming ...

– Henrietta Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer, English noblewoman (d.

1755 Events January–March * January 23 (O. S. January 12, Tatiana Day, nowadays celebrated on January 25) – Moscow University is established. * February 13 – The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the ...

) * February 18 – Johann Christoph Handke, Czech painter (d.

1774 Events January–March * January 21 – Mustafa III, List of Ottoman Sultans, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid I. * January 27 ** An angry crowd in Boston, Massachusetts seizes, tars, and f ...

) * February 21 – Richard Waldron, Colonial New Hampshire businessman and politician (d.

1753 Events January–March * January 3 – King Binnya Dala of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom orders the burning of Ava, the former capital of the Kingdom of Burma. * January 29 – After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning returns ...

) *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. * 13 ...

– Bartolomeo Altomonte, Austrian artist (d.

1783 Events January–March * January 20 – At Versailles, Great Britain signs preliminary peace treaties with the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of Spain. * January 23 – The Confederation Congress ratifies two October 8, ...

) * March 11 –

Elizabeth Tollet Elizabeth Tollet (March 11, 1694 – February 1, 1754) was a British poet. Her surviving works are varied; she produced translations of classical themes, religious and philosophical poetry and poems arguing for women's involvement in education and ...

, British poet (d.

1754 Events January–March * January 28 – Horace Walpole, in a letter to Horace Mann, coins the word ''serendipity''. * February 22 – Expecting an attack by Portuguese-speaking militias in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Pla ...

) * March 15 –

Friedrich Michael Ziegenhagen The Reverend Friedrich Michael Ziegenhagen (1694 - 24 January 1776) was a German-English clergyman, who worked as a court preacher for the Hanoverian King George I of Great Britain. At the same time, he was a prominent Pietist and one of the most ...

, English clergyman with German connection (d.

1776 Events January–February * January 1 – American Revolutionary War – Burning of Norfolk: The town of Norfolk, Virginia is destroyed, by the combined actions of the British Royal Navy and occupying Patriot forces. * January 1 ...

) *

March 21 Events Pre-1600 * 537 – Siege of Rome: King Vitiges attempts to assault the northern and eastern city walls, but is repulsed at the Praenestine Gate, known as the ''Vivarium'', by the defenders under the Byzantine generals Bessas an ...

– Daniel Scott, British lexicographer (d.

1759 In Great Britain, this year was known as the ''Annus Mirabilis'', because of British victories in the Seven Years' War. Events January–March * January 6 – George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis. * January 11 &ndas ...

) * March 24 ** Giuseppe Bernardi, Italian sculptor (d.

) ** Thomas Bullock, Anglican dean (d.

) *

March 25 Events Pre-1600 * 421 – Italian city Venice is founded with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo di Rialto on the islet of Rialto. * 708 – Pope Constantine becomes the 88th pope. He would be the last pope to vi ...

– Christian Otto of Limburg, Reigning count of Limburg-Styrum-Styrum (d.

1749 Events January–March * January 3 ** Benning Wentworth issues the first of the New Hampshire Grants, leading to the establishment of Vermont. ** The first issue of ''Berlingske'', Denmark's oldest continually operating newspaper, ...

)

April–June

* April 3 – George Edwards, English naturalist and ornithologist (d.

) * April 14 – Maximilien-Henri de Horion (d.

) * April 25 – Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect (d.

) * April 30 –

William Pitkin William Pitkin (April 30, 1694 – October 1, 1769) was a colonial governor of the Connecticut Colony. Biography Pitkin was born to a politically prominent family in Hartford (Now East Hartford) in 1694. He married Mary Woodbridge on May 7, 172 ...

, Governor of the Connecticut Colony (d.

1769 Events January–March * February 2 – Pope Clement XIII dies, the night before preparing an order to dissolve the Jesuits.Denis De Lucca, ''Jesuits and Fortifications: The Contribution of the Jesuits to Military Architecture in ...

) * May 7 – Pierre-Jean Mariette, French art historian (d.

) *

May 8 Events Pre-1600 * 453 BC – Spring and Autumn period: The house of Zhao defeats the house of Zhi, ending the Battle of Jinyang, a military conflict between the elite families of the State of Jin. * 413 – Emperor Honorius signs a ...

–

Étienne Lauréault de Foncemagne Étienne Lauréault de Foncemagne (8 May 1694, Orléans – 26 September 1779, Paris) was a French churchman and scholar. Biography An Oratorian and professor, he was elected to the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres The Académie ...

, French writer (d.

1779 Events January–March * January 11 – British troops surrender to the Marathas in Wadgaon, India, and are forced to return all territories acquired since 1773. * January 11 – Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manip ...

) *

May 10 Events Pre-1600 * 28 BC – A sunspot is observed by Han dynasty astronomers during the reign of Emperor Cheng of Han, one of the earliest dated sunspot observations in China. *1291 – Scottish nobles recognize the authority of Edw ...

– Michael Harvey, British Member of Parliament (d.

1748 Events January–March * January 12 – Ahmad Shah Durrani captures Lahore. * January 27 – A fire at the prison and barracks at Kinsale, in Ireland, kills 54 of the prisoners of war housed there. An estimated 500 prison ...

) *

May 11 Events 1601–1900 *1812 – Prime Minister Spencer Perceval is Assassination of Spencer Perceval, assassinated by John Bellingham in the lobby of the British House of Commons. *1813 – William Lawson (explorer), William Lawson, Grego ...

** Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein, Czech noblewoman (d.

1772 Events January–March * January 10 – Shah Alam II, the Mughal Emperor of India, makes a triumphant return to Delhi 15 years after having been forced to flee. * January 17 – Johann Friedrich Struensee and Queen Carolin ...

) ** Hieronymus Florentinus Quehl, German composer (d.

1739 Events January–March * January 1 – Bouvet Island is discovered by French explorer Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, in the South Atlantic Ocean. * January 3: A 7.6 earthquake shakes the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ...

) * May 22 –

Daniel Gran Daniel Gran (22 May 1694 in Vienna – 16 April 1757 in Sankt Pölten), was an Austrian painter. His pictures ornament several public buildings in his native city. He was of some consideration in his time and after a century of Italian domi ...

, Austrian painter (d.

) * June 3 –

Scawen Kenrick Scawen Kenrick (3 June 1694 – 2 May 1753) was an English clergyman who served as Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons and Archdeacon of Westminster. Life Kenrick was the son of John Kenrick, a London merchant. He was educated at Mer ...

, English clergyman (d.

) * June 4 –

François Quesnay François Quesnay (; 4 June 1694 – 16 December 1774) was a French economist and physician of the Physiocratic school. He is known for publishing the "Tableau économique" (Economic Table) in 1758, which provided the foundations of the ideas of ...

, French economist (d.

) *

June 6 Events Pre-1600 * 913 – Constantine VII, the eight-year-old illegitimate son of Leo VI the Wise, becomes nominal ruler of the Byzantine Empire under the regency of a seven-man council headed by Patriarch Nicholas Mystikos, appointed b ...

– Francis Wollaston, English scientist (d.

) * June 9 – Price Devereux, 10th Viscount Hereford, British politician (d.

) * June 11 –

Thomas Willoughby Thomas Willoughby (born 1593) colonist, born Wollaton, Nottingham, England was one of the first settlers in John Guy's colony at Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland, Canada. Willoughby is the third-eldest child of Bridget and Percival Willoughby. Willo ...

, British politician (d.

1742 Events January–March * January 9 – Robert Walpole is made Earl of Orford, and resigns as First Lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer, effectively ending his period as Prime Minister of Great Britain. On his for ...

) * June 18 –

Karl Heinrich von Hoym Karl Heinrich Graf von Hoym or Count Karl Heinrich von Hoym (18 June 1694 – 22 April 1736) was a diplomat and cabinet minister of the Electorate of Saxony, who was later disgraced and imprisoned, and killed himself. Biography Karl Heinri ...

, German diplomat, statesman and politician (d.

1736 Events January–March * January 12 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, becomes the first Field Marshal of Great Britain. * January 23 – The Civil Code of 1734 is passed in Sweden. * January 26 – Stanislaus I of Pol ...

) * June 19 –

Jean-André Peyssonnel Jean-André Peyssonnel (19 June 1694, Marseille – 24 December 1759, Saint-Bertrand, Guadeloupe) was a French physician and naturalist, known for his work in marine natural history. Content is translated from the existing French Wikipedia ar ...

, French physician (d.

) *

June 20 Events Pre-1600 * 451 – Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' battles Attila the Hun. After the battle, which was inconclusive, Attila retreats, causing the Romans to interpret it as a victory. * 1180 – First Battle of Uji, starting ...

– Hans Adolph Brorson, Danish bishop (d.

1764 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday and is the fifth year of the 1760s decade, the 64th year of the 18th century, and the 764th year of the 2nd millennium. Events January–June * January 7 – The Siculicidium is ...

) *

June 23 Events Pre-1600 * 229 – Sun Quan proclaims himself emperor of Eastern Wu. * 1266 – War of Saint Sabas: In the Battle of Trapani, the Venetians defeat a larger Genoese fleet, capturing all its ships. * 1280 – The Spanish Re ...

– Stamp Brooksbank, MP and Governor of the Bank of England (d.

1756 Events January–March * January 16 – The Treaty of Westminster is signed between Great Britain and Prussia, guaranteeing the neutrality of the Kingdom of Hanover, controlled by King George II of Great Britain. *February 7 & ...

) * June 24 – Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui, Genevan legal and political theorist (d.

) * June 26 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d.

) * June 27 – John Michael Rysbrack, Flemish sculptor (d.

1770 Events January– March * January 1 – The foundation of Fort George, Bombay is laid by Colonel Keating, principal engineer, on the site of the former Dongri Fort. * February 1 – Thomas Jefferson's home at Shadwell, Virgi ...

) * June 29 – Maria Josepha of Dietrichstein, German noblewoman, member of the House of Dietrichstein; by marriage Countess and later Princess Kinsky of Wchinitz und Tettau (d.

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...

)

July–September

* July 4 ** Claudio Francesco Beaumont, Italian painter (d.

1766 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charlie") becomes the new Stuart claimant to the throne of Great Britain, as King Charles III, and figurehead for Jacobitism. * January 14 – Chr ...

) ** Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (d.

) * July 11 – Charles-Antoine Coypel, French painter, art commentator, and playwright (d.

1752 In the British Empire, it was the only leap year with 355 days, as September 3–13 were skipped when the Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – The British Empire (except Scotland, which h ...

) * July 12 – Duchess Gustave Caroline of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, German noble (d.

) * July 16 – Marcus Beresford, 1st Earl of Tyrone, Irish politician (d.

) * July 18 ** Alexander Buturlin, Russian general and courtier (d.

) ** Margarete von Leiningen-Westerburg-Neuleiningen (d.

1761 Events January–March * January 14 – Third Battle of Panipat: Ahmad Shah Durrani and his coalition decisively defeat the Maratha Confederacy, and restore the Mughal Empire to Shah Alam II. * January 16 – Siege of Pondi ...

) * August 1 – Michael Davies, priest (d.

) * August 3 –

Marc-Antoine-Nicolas de Croismare Marc-Antoine-Nicolas de Croismare, Marquis of Lasson (1694 in Normandy – 3 August 1772, parish of Saint-Roch in Paris), was a French dilettante, mostly known for having inspired ''La Religieuse (novel), The Nun'' to Denis Diderot. He also was dep ...

, French dilettante (d.

) * August 4 –

Étienne-François Avisse Étienne-François Avisse (4 August 1694 – 23 December 1747) was an 18th-century French playwright. Avisse was born and died in Paris, and gave the Comédie-Française and the Comédie Italienne some comedies, of which the most famous are: *1 ...

, French playwright (d.

1747 Events January–March * January 31 – The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Lock Hospital. * February 11 – King George's War: A combined French and Indian force, commanded by Captain Nicolas Antoine II Coul ...

) * August 5 – Leonardo Leo, Italian composer (d.

1744 Events January–March * January 6 – The Royal Navy ship ''Bacchus'' engages the Spanish Navy privateer ''Begona'', and sinks it; 90 of the 120 Spanish sailors die, but 30 of the crew are rescued. * January 24 – The Dag ...

) * August 8 – Francis Hutcheson, Scottish philosopher (d.

1746 Events January–March * January 8 – The Young Pretender Charles Edward Stuart occupies Stirling, Scotland. * January 17 – Battle of Falkirk Muir: British Government forces are defeated by Jacobite forces. * February 1 ...

) * August 10 – John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl Gower, British politician (d.

) *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founde ...

– Giorgio Baffo, Venetian senator and poet (d.

) *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. The articles, enumerating t ...

James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil PC(I) (14 August 1694 – 17 March 1758) was a British politician and peer. Hamilton was the son of James Hamilton and Hon. Anne Mordaunt, the daughter of The 1st Viscount Mordaunt. He first stood for el ...

, Member of the Parliament of Great Britain (d.

) ** Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle, English noble and politician (d.

) *

August 16 Events Pre-1600 * 1 BC – Wang Mang consolidates his power in China and is declared marshal of state. Emperor Ai of Han, who died the previous day, had no heirs. * 942 – Start of the four-day Battle of al-Mada'in, between the Hamdan ...

–

Réginald Outhier Abbé Réginald Outhier also given as Regnauld or Renaud Outhier (16 August 1694 – 12 April 1774) was a French clergyman, traveller, and writer who worked on cartography and astronomy. Outhier was born at La Marre-Jouserans, near Poligny, France ...

, French astronomer and priest (d.

) * August 19 – Elizabeth Compton, Countess of Northampton, British noble (d.

) * August 20 ** Stephanus Versluys, Dutch colonial governor (d.

) ** Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental, German noble (d.

1729 Events January–March * January 8 – Frederick, the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain is made Prince of Wales at the age of 21, a few months after he comes to Britain for the first time after growing up in Hanover ...

) * August 23 – Johann Georg Schmidt, engraver from Germany (d.

) * August 25 ** Theodore of Corsica, German noble (d.

) ** Hongxi, prince (d.

) * August 26 – Elisha Williams, American rector of Yale College (d.

) * August 27 – Henry Osborn, Royal Navy admiral (d.

1771 Events January– March * January 5 – The Great Kalmyk (Torghut) Migration is led by Ubashi Khan, from the east bank of the Lower Volga River back to the homeland of Dzungaria, at this time under Qing Dynasty rule. * January 9 ...

) * August 28 – Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Grand Duchess of Russia (d.

1715 Events For dates within Great Britain and the British Empire, as well as in the Russian Empire, the "old style" Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style" Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire i ...

) * September 6 – Johann Daniel Schöpflin, German historian (d.

) * September 7 – Johan Ludvig Holstein, Danish politician (d.

) * September 9 – John Vanderbank, British artist (d.

) * September 12 –

Johan von Mangelsen Johan von Mangelsen (12 September 1694 – 24 February 1769) was a Norwegian military officer and businessperson. He was born in Berg (current Halden), and was married to Cathrine Bugball, a daughter of Sara Hammond. He was Norways's principal ...

, Norwegian businessman and general (d.

) * September 13 – Yeongjo of Joseon, 21st King of Joseon Dynasty in Korean history (d.

) * September 18 – Jacques-Ignace de La Touche, painter (d.

1781 Events January–March * January – William Pitt the Younger, later Prime Minister of Great Britain, enters Parliament, aged 21. * January 1 – Industrial Revolution: The Iron Bridge opens across the River Severn in Eng ...

) * September 22 – Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, British statesman and man of letters (d.

) * September 25 – Henry Pelham, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d.

) * September 26 –

Martin Schmid Martin Schmid, also known as ''Esmid'' (September 26, 1694 – March 10, 1772) was a Swiss Jesuit, missionary, musician and architect, who worked mainly in the Chiquitos Province of what is now Bolivia. Life Martin Schmid was born in B ...

, Swiss composer and architect (d.

)

October–December

* October 4 ** George Murray, Scottish Jacobite general (d.

) ** Tsarevna Praskovya Ivanovna of Russia, daughter of Tsar Ivan V of Russia (d.

1731 Events January–March * January 8 – An avalanche from the Skafjell mountain causes a massive wave in the Storfjorden fjord in Norway that sinks all boats that happen to be in the water at the time and kills people on both sho ...

) * October 9 – Marquard Herrgott, German Benedictine historian and diplomat (d.

1762 Events January–March * January 4 – Britain enters the Seven Years' War against Spain and Naples. * January 5 – Empress Elisabeth of Russia dies, and is succeeded by her nephew Peter III. Peter, an admirer of Frederick t ...

) * October 14 – Jacob Bouverie, 1st Viscount Folkestone, British politician (d.

) *

October 15 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – Following the death of Harold II at the Battle of Hastings, Edgar the Ætheling is proclaimed King of England by the Witan; he is never crowned, and concedes power to William the Conqueror two months later. * 1211 ...

Archibald Douglas, 1st Duke of Douglas Archibald is a masculine given name, composed of the Germanic elements '' erchan'' (with an original meaning of "genuine" or "precious") and ''bald'' meaning "bold". Medieval forms include Old High German and Anglo-Saxon . Erkanbald, bishop o ...

, Scottish nobleman (d.

) ** William Knollys, English politician from Oxfordshire (d.

1740 Events January–March * January 8 – All 237 crewmen on the Dutch East India Company ship ''Rooswijk'' are drowned, when the vessel strikes the shoals of Goodwin Sands, off of the coast of England, as it is beginning its secon ...

) * October 18 – René Louis de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French statesman (d.

) * October 24 – Humphrey Sydenham, British politician (d.

) * October 26 ** Sir George Oxenden, 5th Baronet, English politician (d.

) **

Johan Helmich Roman Johan Helmich Roman (26 October 1694 – 20 November 1758) was a Swedish Baroque composer. He has been called "the father of Swedish music" or "the Swedish George Frideric Handel, Handel." He was the leader of Swedish Opera through most of Swedish ...

, Swedish Baroque composer (d.

) * October 27 –

Simon Pelloutier Simon Pelloutier (27 October 1694 – 3 October 1757) was a French historian, was born at Leipsic, Germany on 27 October 1694. His father, a merchant established at Lyons, had been driven from France by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Aid ...

, German historian (d.

) * November 2 – Count Palatine Joseph Charles of Sulzbach, Heir apparent of Neuburg, Sulzbach and the Palatinate (d.

) * November 3 ** John May, English shipwright (d.

) ** William Mackworth Praed, British politician (d.

) * November 5 –

Ricardo Wall Richard Wall y Devereux (5 November 1694 – 26 December 1777) was a Spanish-Irish cavalry officer, diplomat and minister who rose in Spanish royal service to become Chief Minister. He is usually referred to as Ricardo Wall. Early life Wall be ...

, Irish-born soldier, diplomat and minister in the Spanish service (d.

1777 Events January–March * January 2 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of the Assunpink Creek: American general George Washington's army repulses a British attack by Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, in a second ...

) * November 12 – Augustine Washington, British-American planter, slave owner, and the father of George Washington (d.

1743 Events January–March * January 1 – The Verendrye brothers, probably Louis-Joseph and François de La Vérendrye, become the first white people to see the Rocky Mountains from the eastern side (the Spanish conquistadors ...

) * November 16 – Isabella Simons, banker in the Austrian Netherlands (d.

) *

November 21 Events Pre-1600 *164 BCE – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, rededicates the Temple in Jerusalem, an event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah. (25 Kislev 3597 in the Hebrew calendar.) * 235 & ...

– Voltaire, French writer, historian, and philosopher (d.

1778 Events January–March * January 18 – Third voyage of James Cook: Captain James Cook, with ships HMS ''Resolution'' and HMS ''Discovery'', first views Oahu then Kauai in the Hawaiian Islands of the Pacific Ocean, which he na ...

) * November 23 – Charlotte Daneau de Muy, Canadian historian (d.

) * November 26 – Louis de Boissy, French writer (d.

) *

November 29 Events Pre-1600 * 561 – Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom. * 618 – The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over t ...

– Leopold, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Köthen (d.

1728 Events January–March * January 5 – The '' Real y Pontificia Universidad de San Gerónimo de la Habana'', the oldest university in Cuba, is founded in Havana. * January 9 – The coronation of Peter II as the Tsar of t ...

) * December 2 – William Shirley, British governor of Massachusetts and then of the Bahamas (d.

) * December 10 – Vittorio Francesco, Marquis of Susa, Prince of Savoy (d.

) * December 11 – Johann Michael von Loën, German author (d.

) * December 20 – Andrew Johnston, American politician (d.

) * December 22 – Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (d.

) * December 24 ** Louisa Berkeley, Countess of Berkeley, British noble (d.

1716 Events January–March * January 16 – The application of the Nueva Planta decrees to Catalonia make it subject to the laws of the Crown of Castile, and abolishes the Principality of Catalonia as a political entity, concluding ...

) ** Christfried Kirch, German astronomer (d.

)

Deaths

Lazzarini, Gregorio - Merit Offers the Command to Doge Morosini - 1694

Portrait of Tsaritsa Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina - Google Cultural Institute

Caballero del chambergo Nicolas de Villacis

Portrait de Claire Clémence de Maillé par Jean Marie Ribou (Musée Condé)

Bernard Offidski (Kapucinski samostan Krško)

Princess Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst

January–March

January 2 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – The Roman legions in Germania Superior refuse to swear loyalty to Galba. They rebel and proclaim Vitellius as emperor. * 366 – The Alemanni cross the frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading the Roman Empi ...

– Henry Booth, 1st Earl of Warrington, English politician and Earl (b.

1652 Events January–March * January 8 – Michiel de Ruyter marries the widow Anna van Gelder and plans retirement, but months later becomes a vice-commodore in the First Anglo-Dutch War. * February 4 – At Edinburgh, the parl ...

) *

January 7 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – The Senate of Rome says that Caesar will be declared a public enemy unless he disbands his army. This prompts the tribunes who support him to flee to Ravenna, where Caesar is waiting. * 1325 – Alfonso IV ...

– Charles Gerard, 1st Earl of Macclesfield, English aristocrat and soldier (b. c.

1618 Events January–June * February 26 – Osman II deposes his uncle Mustafa I as Ottoman sultan (until 1622). * March 8 – Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (after some initial calculations, he so ...

) *

January 8 Events Pre-1600 * 307 – Emperor Huai of Jin, Jin Huaidi becomes emperor of China in succession to his father, Emperor Hui of Jin, Jin Huidi, despite a challenge from his uncle, Sima Ying. * 871 – Æthelred I, King of Wessex, Æthel ...

– Thomas Strickland, English royalist soldier (b.

1621 Events January–March * January 12 – Şehzade Mehmed, the 15-year old half-brother of Ottoman Sultan Osman II, is put to death by hanging on Osman's orders. Before dying, Mehmed prays aloud that Osman's reign as Sultan be rui ...

) *

January 10 Events Pre-1600 *49 BC – Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signalling the start of civil war. * 9 – The Western Han dynasty ends when Wang Mang claims that the divine Mandate of Heaven called for the end of the dynasty and the be ...

–

Andrew Balfour Sir Andrew Balfour (21 March 1873 – 30 January 1931) was a Scottish Medical Officer who specialised in tropical medicine. Balfour spent twelve years in Khartoum, Sudan and was the Medical Officer of Health in the city. As well as writing m ...

, British doctor and botanist (b.

1630 Events January–March * January 2 – A shoemaker in Turin is found to have the first case of bubonic plague there as the plague of 1630 begins spreading through Italy. * January 5 – A team of Portuguese military advisers ...

) *

** John Lamotte Honywood, English Member of Parliament (b.

1647 Events January–March * January 2 – Chinese bandit leader Zhang Xianzhong, who has ruled the Sichuan province since 1644, is killed at Xichong by a Qing archer after having been betrayed one of his officers, Liu Jinzhong. ...

) ** Francesco Morosini, Doge of Venice from 1688 to 1694 (b.

1619 Events January–June * January 12 – James I of England's Banqueting House, Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire."Fires, Great", in ''The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Co ...

) * January 17 ** Anselm de Guibours, Augustinian friar and genealogist (b.

1625 Events January–March * January 17 – Led by the Duke of Soubise, the Huguenots launch a second rebellion against King Louis XIII, with a surprise naval assault on a French fleet being prepared in Blavet. * February 3 – ...

) ** Francis Sandford, English herald (b.

) * January 19 – François Marie, Prince of Lillebonne, French nobleman and member of the House of Lorraine (b.

1624 Events January–March * January 14 – After 90 years of Ottoman occupation, Baghdad is recaptured by the Safavid Empire. * January 22 – Korean General Yi Gwal leads an uprising of 12,000 soldiers against King Injo in wh ...

) *

–

William Dolben William Dolben (c. 1588 – 1631) was a Welsh clergyman. Life Dolben was born in Pembrokeshire and was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, graduating with a BA degree in 1607 and an MA degree (as from All Souls Colle ...

, English judge (b. 1627) * January 31 –

Henry Northleigh Henry Northleigh (1643–1694) of Peamore in the parish of Exminster in Devon, was thrice MP for Okehampton in Devon. Life He was the 2nd but eldest surviving son and heir of Henry Northleigh (1612–1675) of Peamore, Exminster, in Devon by his ...

, English Member of Parliament (b.

1643 Events January–March * January 21 – Abel Tasman sights the island of Tonga. * February 6 – Abel Tasman sights the Fiji Islands. * March 13 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Middlewich – Roundheads ...

) *

– John Louis of Elderen, Bishop of Liege (b.

1620 Events January–June * February 4 – Prince Bethlen Gabor signs a peace treaty with Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. * May 17 – The first merry-go-round is seen at a fair (Philippapolis, Turkey). * June 3 – The ...

) *

Leonhard Baldner Leonhard Baldner or Leonard Baltner (1612 – 1 February 1694) was a Strasbourg fisherman and naturalist who produced a hand-written illustrated book on the fishes, birds, and mammals titled ''Vogel-, Fisch- und Thierbuch''. Only six manuscript cop ...

, French naturalist (b.

1612 Events January–June * January 6 – Axel Oxenstierna becomes Lord High Chancellor of Sweden. He persuades the Riksdag of the Estates to grant the Swedish nobility the right and privilege to hold all higher offices of governme ...

) ** Natalya Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (b.

1651 Events January–March * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone ( his first crowning). * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile ...

) * February 8 – Domenico Santi, Italian painter (b.

) * February 9 –

Anne-Marie Bigot de Cornuel Anne-Marie Bigot de Cornuel (1605–1694) was a French salonnière A salon is a gathering of people held by an inspiring host. During the gathering they amuse one another and increase their knowledge through conversation. These gatherings of ...

, French salon-holder (b.

1605 Events January–June * January 16 – The first part of Miguel de Cervantes' satire on the theme of chivalry, ''Don Quixote'' (''El ingenioso hidalgo don Quixote de la Mancha'', "The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha"), is publ ...

) *

February 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1370 – Northern Crusades: Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Knights meet in the Battle of Rudau. * 1411 – Following the successful campaigns during the Ottoman Interregnum, Musa Çelebi, one of the sons of ...

–

Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières Antoinette Du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières (January 1, 1638 – February 17, 1694) was a French poet. Early life and education Antoinette Du Ligier de la Garde was born in Paris, January 1, 1638. She was the daughter of Melchior du Ligier, si ...

, French writer, poet (b.

1638 Events January–March * January 4 – **A naval battle takes place in the Indian Ocean off of the coast of Goa at South India as a Netherlands fleet commanded by Admiral Adam Westerwolt decimates the Portuguese fleet. **A fleet of 80 ...

) *

February 19 Events Pre-1600 * 197 – Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum, the bloodiest battle between Roman armies. * 356 – The anti-paganism policy of Constantius II forbids the worship of pagan ...

** Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki, Polish noble (b.

1640 Events January–March * January 6 – The Siege of Salses ends almost six months after it had started on June 9, 1639, with the French defenders surrendering to the Spanish attackers. * January 17 – A naval battle over ...

) ** Gennaro Sanfelice, Roman Catholic archbishop (b.

1622 Events January–May * January 7 – The Holy Roman Empire and Transylvania sign the Peace of Nikolsburg. * February 8 – King James I of England dissolves the English Parliament. * March 12 – Ignatius of Loyola, F ...

) ** Francis Wheler, Royal Navy officer (b.

1656 Events January–March * January 5 – The First War of Villmergen, a civil war in the Confederation of Switzerland pitting its Protestant and Roman Catholic cantons against each other, breaks out but is resolved by March 7. The ...

) * February 21 –

Simon Abeles Simon Abeles (1681 – 21 February 1694) was a Prague Jewish boy who died under unclear circumstances in the age of twelve. His Christian contemporaries put Simon's death in context of his desire to be baptized and was considered a religiously mot ...

, Jewish youth in Prague whose father was accused of murdering him “out of hatred for the Christian faith” (b.

1682 Events January–March * January 7 – The Republic of Genoa forbids the unauthorized printing of newspapers and all handwritten newssheets; the ban is lifted after three months. * January 12 – Scottish minister James Ren ...

) *

February 23 Events Pre-1600 * 303 – Roman emperor Diocletian orders the destruction of the Christian church in Nicomedia, beginning eight years of Diocletianic Persecution. * 532 – Byzantine emperor Justinian I lays the foundation stone of a ...

– Sir Thomas Samwell, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1650) *

February 25 Events Pre-1600 * 138 – Roman emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius as his son, effectively making him his successor. * 628 – Khosrow II, the last great Shah of the Sasanian Empire (Iran), is overthrown by his son Kavadh II. ...

– Gilles Hallet, Flemish Baroque painter (b.

) *

– Charles Scarborough, English physician and natural philosopher (b.

1615 Events January–June * January 1 – The New Netherland Company is granted a three-year monopoly in North American trade, between the 40th and 45th parallels. * February – Sir Thomas Roe sets out to become the first am ...

) *

March 5 Events Pre-1600 * 363 – Roman emperor Julian leaves Antioch with an army of 90,000 to attack the Sasanian Empire, in a campaign which would bring about his own death. * 1046 – Nasir Khusraw begins the seven-year Middle Eastern ...

–

Vittoria della Rovere Vittoria della Rovere (7 February 1622 – 5 March 1694) was Grand Duchess of Tuscany as the wife of Grand Duke Ferdinando II. She had four children with her husband, two of whom would survive infancy: the future Cosimo III, Tuscany's longest- ...

, Italian noble (b.

) * March 10 –

Paul Fréart de Chantelou Paul Fréart de Chantelou (25 March 1609 – 1694) was a French collector and patron of the arts. He encouraged major artists of his era, in particular Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665) and Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680), and is known for his dia ...

, art collector (b.

1609 Events January–June * January – The Basque witch trials begin. * January 15 – One of the world's first newspapers, ''Avisa Relation oder Zeitung'', begins publication in Wolfenbüttel (Holy Roman Empire). * January 3 ...

) * March 11 – Jean-Nicolas Geoffroy, French harpsichordist and composer (b.

1633 Events January–March * January 20 – Galileo Galilei, having been summoned to Rome on orders of Pope Urban VIII, leaves for Florence for his journey. His carriage is halted at Ponte a Centino at the border of Tuscany, where ...

) *

March 12 Events Pre-1600 * 538 – Vitiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving the city to the victorious Byzantine general, Belisarius. * 1088 – Election of Urban II as the 159th Pope of the Cat ...

– John Conant, English theologian, clergyman, and academic administrator (b.

1608 Events January–June * January – In the Colony of Virginia, Powhatan releases Captain John Smith. * January 2 – The first of the Jamestown supply missions returns to the Colony of Virginia with Christopher Newport comman ...

) * March 15 –

Cresheld Draper Cresheld Draper (8 November 1646 – 15 March 1694) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1678 to 1689. Draper was the son of William Draper of May Place Crayford and his wife Mary Cresheld daughter of Richard Cresheld, s ...

, English politician (b.

1646 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+5(V)+1(I) = 1646). Events January–March * January 5 – The English House of Commons approves a bill to provide for Ireland ...

) * March 24 – Peter Colleton, English politician (b.

1635 Events January–March * January 23 – 1635 Capture of Tortuga: The Spanish Navy captures the Caribbean island of Tortuga off of the coast of Haiti after a three-day battle against the English and French Navy. * January 25 ...

) *

–

Greenvile Collins Greenvile Collins (1643 – c. 25 March 1694) (also spelt Greenvill or Greenville) was an officer of the Royal Navy and prominent hydrographer, who compiled ''Great Britain's Coasting Pilot'', the first survey of the country's coast undertaken by ...

, English hydrographer (b.

) * March 26 – Arthur Stanhope, English politician (b. 1627)

April–June

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The second Fatimid invasion of Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, sets out from Raqqada at the head of his a ...

–

Diego Ibáñez de la Madrid y Bustamente Diego Ibáñez de la Madrid y Bustamente (1649–1694) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ceuta (1687–1694), Bishop of Pozzuoli (1684–1687), and Bishop of Trivento (1679–1684). Biography Diego Ibáñez de la Madrid y Bust ...

, Roman Catholic bishop (b.

1649 Events January–March * January 4 – In England, the Rump Parliament passes an ordinance to set up a High Court of Justice, to try Charles I for high treason. * January 17 – The Second Ormonde Peace concludes an allian ...

) *

April 8 Events Pre-1600 * 217 – Roman emperor Caracalla is assassinated and is succeeded by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus. * 876 – The Battle of Dayr al-'Aqul saves Baghdad from the Saffarids. *1139 – Ro ...

–

Nicolás de Villacis Nicolás de Villacis (9 September 1616 – 8 April 1694) was a Spanish Baroque painter from Murcia, a disciple of Diego Velázquez. He met Velázquez (their relationship is reported by Antonio Palomino) in Madrid during his youth, and later stud ...

, Spanish painter (b.

1616 Events January–June * January ** Six-year-old António Vieira arrives from Portugal, with his parents, in Bahia (present-day Salvador) in Colonial Brazil, where he will become a diplomat, noted author, leading figure of the Church, an ...

) * April 9 –

Angelo Berardi Angelo Berardi (c. 1636 in Sant'Agata Feltria – 9 April 1694 in Rome) was an Italian music theorist and composer. Berardi was born in Sant'Agata Feltria. He received early education at Forlì under Giovanni Vincenzo Sarti (1600–1655). From ...

, Italian composer and music theorist (b.

) * April 10 – Catharina Regina von Greiffenberg, Austrian writer and noble (b.

) * April 12 – John Swinfen, English politician (b.

1613 Events January–June * January 11 – Workers in a sandpit in the Dauphiné region of France discover the skeleton of what is alleged to be a 30-foot tall man (the remains, it is supposed, of the giant Teutobochus, a legendary ...

) *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 *1111 – Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. 1601–1900 *1612 – In one of the epic samurai ...

–

José de Jesús María Fajardo José de Jesús María Fajardo, O.A.D. (1643–1694) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Alghero (1693–1694). ''(in Latin)''1643 Events January–March * January 21 – Abel Tasman sights the island of Tonga. * February 6 – Abel Tasman sights the Fiji Islands. * March 13 – First English Civil War: First Battle of Middlewich – Roundheads ...

) * April 14 – Magdalena Sibylla of Neidschutz, German countess (b.

1675 Events January–March * January 5 – Franco-Dutch War – Battle of Turckheim: The French defeat Austria and Brandenburg. * January 29 – John Sassamon, an English-educated Native Americans in the United States, Nati ...

) * April 16 – Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé, French noblewoman (b.

1628 Events January–March * January 19 – (26 Jumada al-Awwal 1037 A.H.) The reign of Salef-ud-din Muhammad Shahryar as the Mughal Emperor, Shahryar Mirza, comes to an end a little more than two months after the November 7 dea ...

) * April 17 –

François IV de Beauharnais François IV de Beauharnais (2 août 1636 in Orléans – 17 avril 1694 in Orléans), squire, sieur de la Grillère (at Vouzon, Loir-et-Cher), de la Boische, de La Chaussée, de Beaumont and de Beauville, was a French nobleman. His father was ...

, French nobleman (b.

1636 Events January–March * January 1 – Anthony van Diemen takes office as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), and will serve until his death in 1645. * January 18 – ''The Duke's Mistress'', the last ...

) * April 18 – William Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton in the Peerage of Scotland (b.

1634 Events January–March * January 12– After suspecting that he will be dismissed, Albrecht von Wallenstein, supreme commander of the Holy Roman Empire's Army, demands that his colonels sign a declaration of personal loyalty. ...

) * April 20 **

Giovanni Carlo Antonelli Giovanni Carlo Antonelli (1612 – 20 April 1694) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Ferentino (1677–1694). ''(in Latin)'' Biography Giovanni Carlo Antonelli was born in Velletri, Italy in 1612 and ordained a priest on 29 ...

, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Ferentino (b.

) **

Johann Balthasar Lauterbach Johann Balthasar Lauterbach (20 May 1663, Ulm - 20 April 1694, Wolfenbüttel) was a German mathematician, architect and master builder at the Court in Braunschweig, from 1688 until his death. Life and work His father, Johann (1640–1719), was ...

, German architect and mathematician (b.

1663 Events January–March * January 10 – The Royal African Company is granted a Royal Charter by Charles II of England. * January 23 – The Treaty of Ghilajharighat is signed in India between representatives of the Mughal ...

) *

– John George IV, Elector of Saxony, German noble (b.

1668 Events January–March * January 23 – The Triple Alliance (1668), Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed between Kingdom of England, England, Sweden and the Dutch Republic, United Provinces of the Netherlands. * February 13 &ndash ...

) * May 1 –

Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt Maria Elisabeth Lämmerhirt (24 February 1644, Erfurt – 1 May 1694, Eisenach) was the mother of Johann Sebastian Bach. She was a daughter of Valentin Lämmerhirt (or Lemmerhirt, 1605–1665), a furrier and coachman in Erfurt. On 8 April 1668, she ...

, Mother of Johann Sebastian Bach (b.

1644 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+(-10(X)+50(L))+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1644). Events January–March * January 22 – The Royalist Oxford Parliament is first assembled by King ...

) * May 2 –

Martin Desjardins Martin Desjardins, born Martin van den Bogaert (1637 – 2 May 1694) was a French sculptor and stuccoist of Dutch birth. He was born at Breda, the son of a milliner in a house that would later carry the name 'de Drye Bredasche Hoeden' ("the Th ...

, French sculptor (b.

1637 Events January–March * January 5 – Pierre Corneille's tragicomedy ''Le Cid'' is first performed, in Paris, France. * January 16 – The siege of Nagpur ends in what is now the Maharashtra state of India, as Kok Shah, the ...

) * May 4 – Ludwig Anton von Pfalz-Neuburg, Roman Catholic bishop (b.

1660 Events January–March * January 1 ** At daybreak, English Army Colonel George Monck, with two brigades of troops from his Scottish occupational force, fords the River Tweed at Coldstream in Scotland to cross the border into England ...

) * May 17 – Johann Michael Bach, German composer (b.

1648 1648 has been suggested as possibly the last year in which the overall human population declined, coming towards the end of a broader period of global instability which included the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Thirty Years' War, t ...

) * May 20 – Robert Spencer, 1st Viscount Teviot, Member of the Parliament of England (b.

1629 Events January–March * January 7– Henry Frederick, Hereditary Prince of the Palatinate, the 15-year-old son of the German Palatinate elector, Frederick V, drowns in an accident while sailing to Amsterdam. * January 19&nd ...

) *

May 24 Events Pre-1600 * 919 – The nobles of Franconia and Saxony elect Henry the Fowler at the Imperial Diet in Fritzlar as king of the East Frankish Kingdom. * 1218 – The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. * 1276 – Magnus La ...

–

Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland Anthony Cary, 5th Viscount Falkland PC (16 February 1656 – 24 May 1694; the surname is spelt Carey in some sources) was an English born, Scottish nobleman and English politician. He was born at Farley Castle, Somerset, the son of Henry Cary, ...

, English politician (b.

) *

– Thomas Hervey, politician of Ickworth, Suffolk (b.

) * June 2 **

Sir Thomas Skipwith, 1st Baronet Sir Thomas Skipwith, 1st Baronet (ca. 16202 June 1694) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1659 and 1660. Skipwith was the son of Edward Skipwith of Gosburton and Grantham and his wife Elizabeth Hatcher, daughter of S ...

, Member of the English Parliament (b.

) ** Gaspar Téllez-Girón, 5th Duke de Osuna, Spanish duke (b.

) * June 8 –

Pieter van der Willigen Pieter van der Willigen (17 December 1634 – 8 June 1694) was a Flemish Baroque painter. Biography According to Cornelis de Bie, he was born in Bergen op Zoom and was a good still-life painter. According to the RKD, he became a pupil of Thomas W ...

, Dutch painter (b.

) * June 17 **

Louis Chein Louis Chein (Paris, 1637-1694) was French priest and composer best known for his requiem mass for four voices published by Ballard in 1690.Jean-Paul C. MontagnieThe Polyphonic Mass in France, 1600–1780: The Evidence of the Printed Choirbooks p ...

, French composer (b.

) ** Philip Howard, English Catholic Cardinal (b.

) * June 22 – Thomas Tollemache, English general (b.

) * June 27 – François Louis, Count of Harcourt, French count (b. 1627) *

June 28 Events Pre-1600 * 1098 – Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul at the battle of Antioch. * 1360 – Muhammed VI becomes the tenth Nasrid king of Granada after killing his brother-in-law Ismail II. * 1461 – ...

– Francisco Spinola, Roman Catholic clergyman (b.

1654 Events January–March * January 6– In India, Jaswant Singh of Marwar (in what is now the state of Rajasthan) is elevated to the title of Maharaja by Emperor Shah Jahan. * January 11– In the Battle of Río Bueno in sout ...

) * June 30 – Pieter Claesen Wyckoff, American farmer and landowner (b.

)

July–September

July 1 Events Pre-1600 * 69 – Tiberius Julius Alexander orders his Roman legions in Alexandria to swear allegiance to Vespasian as Emperor. * 552 – Battle of Taginae: Byzantine forces under Narses defeat the Ostrogoths in Italy, and the ...

Philippe Goibaut Philippe Goibaut des Bois La Grugère (; 22? March 1629 – 1 July 1694), known to his contemporaries as Monsieur Du Bois (), was a translator of St. Augustine, member of the Académie Française and director of Mademoiselle de Guise's musical en ...

, French translator (b.

1626 Events January–March * January 7 – Polish-Swedish War: Battle of Wallhof in Latvia – Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, defeats a Polish army. * January 9 – Peter Minuit sails from Texel Island for America's Ne ...

) ** Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel, General in the Williamite War in Ireland (b.

) **

Peter Christoffersen Tønder Peter Christoffersen Tønder (1641-1694) was a Norwegian government official. He served as the County Governor of Nordland Nordland (; smj, Nordlánnda, sma, Nordlaante, sme, Nordlánda, en, Northland) is a county in Norway in the Nor ...

, Norwegian government official (b.

1641 Events January–March * January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker in the Philippines) has a major eruption. * January 18 – Pau Claris proclaims the Catalan Republic. * February 16 – King Charles I of England giv ...

) * July 6 – Francesco Beretta, Italian composer (b.

) * July 11 – Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, Swedish count of Brandenburgian extraction and a soldier (b.

1665 Events January–March * January 5 – The ''Journal des sçavans'' begins publication of the first scientific journal in France. * February 15 – Molière's comedy '' Dom Juan ou le Festin de pierre'', based on the Spanis ...

) * July 12 –

Juan de Santiago y León Garabito Juan de Santiago y León Garabito (July 13, 1641 – July 12, 1694) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Guadalajara (1677–1694) and Bishop of Puerto Rico (1676–1677). ''(in Latin)''1641 Events January–March * January 4 – The stratovolcano Mount Parker in the Philippines) has a major eruption. * January 18 – Pau Claris proclaims the Catalan Republic. * February 16 – King Charles I of England giv ...

) * July 19 –

René Ouvrard René Ouvrard (1624–1694) was a French priest, writer and composer. Ouvrard was born in Chinon. He received orders and became kapellmeister of the cathedral of Bordeaux, Narbonne and the Sainte-Chapelle of Paris, then he was a canon in Tours. ...

, French composer (b.

) * July 21 – Jacob Jensen Jersin, Danish-Norwegian theologian, priest, bishop of the Diocese of Christianssand (b.

) * July 25 ** Robert Fleming the elder, Scottish Presbyterian Minister, died 1694 (b.

) ** Hishikawa Moronobu, Japanese painter and printmaker (b.

) * July 27 – George Pitt, English politician (b.

) * July 28 – William Lowther, English Member of Parliament (b.

) * July 29 – Suleiman I of Persia, Shah of Persia from 1666 to 1694 (b.

) * August 1 **

Jean-Claude Rambot Jean-Claude Rambot (1621–1694) was a French sculptor and architect. Early life Jean-Claude Rambot was born in 1621 in Franche-Comté. He also designed the Atlas (architecture), Atlas of the Pavillon Vendôme. Additionally, he designed th ...

, 17th century French sculptor and architect in Aix-en-Provence (b.

) ** John Michael Wright, portrait painter (b.

1617 Events January–June * February 27 – The Treaty of Stolbovo ends the Ingrian War between Sweden and Russia. Sweden gains Ingria and Kexholm. * April 14 – Second Battle of Playa Honda: The Spanish navy defeats a Dutch f ...

) * August 5 ** Mareen Duvall, American settler (b.

) **

Mogens Skeel Mogens Skeel (1651-1694) was a Danish playwright. He wrote the play '' Grevens og Friherrens Komedie'' in 1675. Danish dramatists and playwrights 1651 births 1694 deaths Danish male dramatists and playwrights 17th-century Danish writers ...

, Danish playwright (b.

) *

– Gabriel de la Corte, Spanish painter (b.

) * August 8 – Antoine Arnauld, French theologian, philosopher, mathematician (b.

) *

August 21 Events Pre-1600 * 959 – Eraclus becomes the 25th bishop of Liège. * 1140 – Song dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin dynasty general Wuzhu at the Battle of Yancheng during the Jin–Song Wars. *1169 – Battle o ...

– Tommaso Saladini, Roman Catholic bishop (b.

) * August 22 ** Samuel Aboab, rabbi (b.

1610 Some have suggested that 1610 may mark the beginning of the Anthropocene, or the 'Age of Man', marking a fundamental change in the relationship between humans and the Earth system, but earlier starting dates (ca. 1000 C.E.) have received broa ...

) ** Maria Sofia De la Gardie, Swedish countess and industrialist (b. 1627) **

Bernard of Offida Bernard of Offida (7 November 1604 – 22 August 1694) - born Domenico Peroni - was an Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin from the Marche area. Peroni lived for the most part in servitude to his fel ...

, Italian saint (b.

1604 Events January–June * January 1 – '' The Masque of Indian and China Knights'' is performed by courtiers of James VI and I at Hampton Court. * January 14 – The Hampton Court Conference is held between James I of England ...

) * August 28 – Francesco Antonio Picchiatti, Italian architect (b.

) * August 29 – Sir Richard Everard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b.

) * August 30 –

Louis de Crevant, Duke of Humières Louis de Crévant, Marquis then later duc d'Humières (1628–1694) was a French nobleman of the 17th century, who became a Marshal of France in 1668 and Grand Master of Artillery in 1685. His career allegedly benefited from connections to hi ...

, Marshal of France (b.

) * September 3 – Jean Barbier d'Aucour, French lawyer to the parliament of Paris, ardent Jansenist and satirist (b.

) * September 6 – Francesco II d'Este, Duke of Modena, Italian noble (b.

) * September 7 – Andrija Zmajević, Serbian poet (b.

) * September 10 – Thomas Lloyd, Lieutenant-governor of provincial Pennsylvania and Quaker preacher (b.

) * September 14 ** Princess Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst (b.

) ** Jonathan Cope, English politician; (b.

1664 It is one of eight years (CE) to contain each Roman numeral exactly once (1000(M)+500(D)+100(C)+50(L)+10(X)+(-1(I)+5(V)) = 1664). Events January–March * January 5 – In the Battle of Surat in India, the Maratha leader, Chhat ...

) ** Thomas Savage, 3rd Earl Rivers, English Earl (b.

) * September 22 –

Henry Neville Henry Neville or Nevile may refer to: *Henry Neville (died c.1415), MP for leicestershire (UK Parliament constituency), leicestershire *Henry Neville, 5th Earl of Westmorland (1525–1564), English peer *Henry Neville (Gentleman of the Privy Chamb ...

, English politician (b.

) * September 24 – Jean Garet, French monk (b. 1627) * September 27 – Giuseppe Colombi, musician, composer (b.

) *

September 28 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Pompey disembarks at Pelusium upon arriving in Egypt, whereupon he is assassinated by order of King Ptolemy XIII. * 235 – Pope Pontian resigns. He is exiled to the mines of Sardinia, along with Hippolytus ...

– Gabriel Mouton, French abbot and scientist (b.

) * September 29 ** Leopold Louis, Count Palatine of Veldenz, German noble (b.

) ** Katarzyna Sobieska, Polish noble (b.

)

October–December

* October 6 – Sugiyama Waichi, Japanese accupuncturist (b.

) * October 9 – Jean-Louis Bergeret, French lawyer (b.

) * October 12 ** Charles Boyle, 3rd Viscount Dungarvan, British politician (b.

1639 Events January–March * January 14 – Connecticut's first constitution, the Fundamental Orders, is adopted. * January 19 – Hämeenlinna ( sv, Tavastehus) is granted privileges, after it separates from the Vanaja parish, ...

) **

Delphin Strungk Delphin Strungk (or Strunck) (1600 or 1601 – 12 October 1694) was a German composer and organist associated with the North German school. The first that is known of him is in 1630, when he became organist of the Marienkirche in Wolfenbüttel; ...

, German composer (b.

1601 This Epoch (reference date)#Computing, epoch is the beginning of the 400-year Gregorian leap-year cycle within which digital files first existed; the last year of any such cycle is the only leap year whose year number is divisible by 100. Jan ...

) * October 13 – Johann Christoph Pezel, German violinist, trumpeter and composer (b.

) * October 18 –

Pierre Ango Pierre Ango (1640 in Rouen – 18 October 1694 in La Flèche) was a French Catholic priest and scientist. He was a professor at the College of La Flèche. In 1682, he published parts of Pardies' work on optics in his book ''Optique''. In this wo ...

, French Catholic priest and scientist (b.

) * October 19 –

Pierre Menault Pierre-Richard Menault (1642–1694) was a French Baroque composer. Menault was born at Beaune. While a provincial chapel master and priest at Dijon, he printed vespers dedicated to Père François de la Chaise, confessor of Louis XIV. He di ...

, French composer (b.

1642 Events January–March * January 4 – First English Civil War: Charles I attempts to arrest six leading members of the Long Parliament, but they escape. * February 5 – The Bishops Exclusion Act is passed in England ...

) * October 20 – Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (b.

1653 Events January–March * January 3 – By the Coonan Cross Oath, the Eastern Church in India cuts itself off from colonial Portuguese tutelage. * January– The Swiss Peasant War begins after magistrates meeting at Lucerne ...

) * October 26 –

Samuel von Pufendorf Samuel Freiherr von Pufendorf (8 January 1632 – 26 October 1694) was a German jurist, political philosopher, economist and historian. He was born Samuel Pufendorf and ennobled in 1694; he was made a baron by Charles XI of Sweden a few months b ...

, German philosopher (b.

1632 Events January–March * January – The Holland's Leguer, a brothel in London, is closed after having been besieged for a month. * February 22 – Galileo's ''Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems'' is pub ...

) * October 27 – Gevherhan Sultan, Daughter of Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim I (b.

) * October 30 **

Francis Fenwick Francis Fenwick, D.D. (1645–1694), was an English Benedictine monk. Fenwick was born in London in 1645, entered the convent of St. Edmund, Paris, where he was professed 1 November 1664. He was created a doctor of the Sorbonne, and afterwards ele ...

, English monk (b.

1645 Events January–March * January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the ''Directory for Public Worship'' in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not ...

) ** Raimondo del Pozzo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vieste (b.

) * November 7 –

Jacques de Claeuw Jacques de Claeuw, or Grieff (May 1623, Dordrecht – 7 November 1694, Leiden), was a Dutch Golden Age painter. Biography According to Houbraken, together with Jacob Gerritsz Cuyp, Isaac van Hasselt, and Cornelis Tegelberg, he helped separa ...

, painter from the Northern Netherlands (b.

1623 Events January–March * January 21 – **Viscount Falkland, England's Lord Deputy of Ireland, issues a proclamation ordering all Roman Catholic priests to leave Ireland. The order frustrates negotiations between Protestant En ...

) * November 14 –

Christian III Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg Christian III Maurice, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg (Merseburg, 7 November 1680 – Merseburg, 14 November 1694), was a duke of Saxe-Merseburg and member of the House of Wettin. He was the eldest son of Christian II, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg, and Erdm ...

, German duke (b.

1680 Events January–March * January 2 – King Amangkurat II of Mataram (located on the island of Java, part of modern-day Indonesia), invites Trunajaya, who had led a failed rebellion against him until his surrender on December ...

) * November 16 –

Jacques-Théodore de Bryas Jacques-Théodore de Bryas (1630–1694) was a clergyman from the Low Countries who was in turn bishop of Saint-Omer and archbishop of Cambrai. In the last position he was, ''ex officio'', duke of Cambrai and count of Cambrésis. He was the last ...

, clergyman from the Low Countries, bishop of Saint-Omer and archbishop of Cambrai (b.

1631 Events January–March * January 23 – Thirty Years' War: Sweden and France sign the Treaty of Bärwalde, a military alliance in which France provides funds for the Swedish army invading northern Germany. * February 5 &ndash ...

) * November 22 – John Tillotson,

(b.

) * November 23 ** Vicente de Gonzaga y Doria, Viceroy of Valencia, 1663, Viceroy of Catalonia, 1664–1667 and Viceroy of Sicily 1679 (b.

1602 Events January–June * January 3 – Battle of Kinsale: The English defeat Irish rebels and their Spanish allies. (The battle happens on this date according to the Gregorian calendar used by the Irish and Spanish but on Thursday, 24 Dec ...

) **

Jean Talon Jean Talon, Count d'Orsainville (; January 8, 1626 – November 23, 1694) was a French colonial administrator who served as the first Intendant of New France. Talon was appointed by King Louis XIV and his minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to ...

, first Intendant of New France (b.

) * November 25 – Ismaël Bullialdus, French astronomer (b.

) * November 28 –

Matsuo Bashō born then was the most famous poet of the Edo period in Japan. During his lifetime, Bashō was recognized for his works in the collaborative '' haikai no renga'' form; today, after centuries of commentary, he is recognized as the greatest ma ...

, Japanese poet (b.

) *

– Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician (b.

) * December 2 – Pierre Puget, French painter, sculptor, architect and engineer (b.

) * December 4 **

Bernardin Gigault de Bellefonds Bernardin Gigault, Marquis de Bellefonds (1630–1694) was a French nobleman, soldier and courtier of the 17th century, who was appointed Marshal of France in 1668 and held a number of senior positions in the personal household of Louis XIV. Li ...

, Marshal of France (b.

) ** Jean-Baptiste Boisot, French abbot, bibliophile and scholar (b.

) * December 5 – William Beecher, English politician (b.

) * December 7 –

Tiberio Fiorilli Tiberio Fiorilli, also spelled Fiorillo and Fiurelli (November 9, 1608 – December 7, 1694)"Fiorillo, Tiberio" in ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'' (15th edition, Chicago, 1991) vol. 4, p. 787. was an Italian actor of '' commedia dell'arte' ...

, Italian-born actor (b.

) * December 9 –

Paolo Segneri Paolo Segneri (21 March 1624 – 9 December 1694) was an Italian Jesuit preacher, missionary, and ascetical writer. Life Segneri was born at Nettuno. He studied at the Roman College, and in 1637 entered the Society of Jesus, not without oppos ...

, Italian Jesuit (b.

) * December 11 – Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma from 1646 until his death (b.

) * December 12 –

Filippo Lauri Filippo Lauri (25 August 1623 - 12 December 1694) was an Italian painter of the Baroque period, active mainly in Rome. ''Miracle of St Vincent Ferrer'' Born and active in Rome, his story was featured in the biographies by Baldinucci. He first s ...

, Italian painter (b.

) * December 20 – Erasmus Finx, German polymath (b. 1627) * December 24 – Giovanni Paolo Meniconi, Catholic bishop (b.

) * December 26 – Francis Cuffe, politician (b.

) * December 27 –

Henrik Span Henrik Span (17 April 1634 - 27 December 1694) was a naval officer in the Dutch, Venetian and DanishTopsøe-Jensen Vol 2 pp 235 - 236 services. He reached the rank of Admiral in the Royal Danish Navy in 1683 and headed the Royal Danish Naval Dock ...

, naval officer in the Dutch (b.

) * December 28 **

Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour Henry Arundell, 3rd Baron Arundell of Wardour, PC (bef. 23 February 1607/828 December 1694) was a Peer of England during the 17th century, and the most famous of the Lords Arundell of Wardour. He served as Lord Privy Seal and Lord High Stewar ...

, English Baron (b.

1607 Events January–June * January 13 – The Bank of Genoa fails, after the announcement of national bankruptcy in Spain. * January 19 – San Agustin Church, Manila, is officially completed; by the 21st century it will be the ...

) ** Queen

, Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b.

1662 Events January–March * January 4 – Dziaddin Mukarram Shah becomes the new Sultan of Kedah, an independent kingdom on the Malay Peninsula, upon the death of his father, Sultan Muhyiddin Mansur. * January 10 – At the ...

) * ''date unknown'' –

Hafız Post Hafız Post (Tanburi Mehmet) (c.1630–1694) was a composer and performer of Turkish music during Ottoman Empire era in İstanbul. Biography His father was an imam. He was trained well in literature, music and foreign languages such as Per ...

, Turkish musician

References

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