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Charlotte Christine Of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Charlotte Christine Sophie also known as Sophie Charlotte or simply Charlotte (28 August 1694, in Wolfenbüttel – 2 November 1715, in Saint Petersburg), was the wife of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia. She was the daughter of Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen. Early life and education Charlotte Christine was brought up at the court of the Polish King Augustus II the Strong, August II, whose consort Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was her godmother and her relative. She received a good education for that time period. In late 1709, Tsar Peter I of Russia sent his son Alexei to Dresden to finish his education. There, he met Charlotte for the first time. Marriage She seemed a good match to Tsar Peter for his son because her elder sister Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Elizabeth Christine was married to the Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles VI, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich Of Russia
Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia (28 February 1690 – 26 June 1718) was a Russian Tsarevich. He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter the Great, Peter I and his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina. Alexei did not get along with his father and repeatedly thwarted Peter's plans to raise him as successor to the throne and continue his policies. His brief defection to Austria scandalized the Russian government, leading to harsh reprisals against Alexei and his associates. Alexei died after interrogation under torture, and his younger half brother Peter Petrovich (1715–1719), Peter Petrovich became the new heir apparent. Early life and education Alexei was brought up by his mother, who fostered an atmosphere of disdain towards his father, the Tsar. Alexei's relations with his father suffered from the hatred between his father and his mother, as he could not feel affection for his mother's persecutor. From the ages of 6 to 9, Alexei was educated by his tutor Vyazemsky, but afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsarevich Alexei
Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia (28 February 1690 – 26 June 1718) was a Russian Tsarevich. He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter I and his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina. Alexei did not get along with his father and repeatedly thwarted Peter's plans to raise him as successor to the throne and continue his policies. His brief defection to Austria scandalized the Russian government, leading to harsh reprisals against Alexei and his associates. Alexei died after interrogation under torture, and his younger half brother Peter Petrovich became the new heir apparent. Early life and education Alexei was brought up by his mother, who fostered an atmosphere of disdain towards his father, the Tsar. Alexei's relations with his father suffered from the hatred between his father and his mother, as he could not feel affection for his mother's persecutor. From the ages of 6 to 9, Alexei was educated by his tutor Vyazemsky, but after the removal of his mother by Peter the Grea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna Of Russia (1714–1728)
Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (; 21 July 1714 – 22 November 1728) was a Grand Duchess of Russia. She was the elder sister of Emperor Peter II of Russia. Life Natalya Alexeyvna was born in Saint Petersburg on 21 July 1714 as the daughter of Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia and his wife, Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. After the death of her father, she and her brother were moved to the Russian royal court in 1719, where they were raised under the supervision of Anna Ivanovna Kramer. Her brother became monarch in 1727, and Natalya thus became an heir to the throne after her aunts Elizabeth and Anna. She became a center of attention, and Prince Menshikov wished to have her married to his son. Natalya was described as intelligent and kind, and was considered a good influence on her brother, who was very close to her. She died in Moscow at the age of 14 due to complications with tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yefrosinya Fedorov
Afrosinya Fedorova (; –) was a Finnish woman sold into Russian serfdom after being captured in war. She became the concubine of Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, son and heir of Peter the Great and fled with him on 26 September 1716 from his father. Information provided by her was crucial in sentencing Alexei to death after their return to Russia. Early life Afrosinya was born around 1700, perhaps near the future Saint Petersburg, an area not yet taken by Russia. She was captured with her brother, Ivan, and sold as serfs to Prince Nikifor Kondrat'evich Viazemskii, former tutor of Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia. Afrosinya was consistently described as short, and she could live disguised, suggesting that she was thin. One description of her states that she was 'tall, hefty, thick-lipped, with red hair'. This might be a forgery, but has nevertheless been used as the basis of Afrosinya's depiction. Concubine of the Tsarevich Alexei was unhappily married to Charlotte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juliana Luise Von Ostfriesland
Juliana Luise von Ostfriesland (1698–1740) was a German noblewoman, Princess of Ostfriesland by birth, and the Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön by marriage. Early life Born into the ruling House of Cirksena, Juliana Luise was the ninth child and fourth daughter of Christian Everhard, Prince of East Frisia by his first wife, Princess Eberhardine Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen (1666-1700). Court life in Russia During her youth, she was chosen by her cousin Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg to be her Ober-Hofmeisterin at the Imperial Court of Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders .... A favorite and confidant of Charlotte Christine, she was accused of isolating her from Russia, prevented her from adjusting to her new life and creating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoe Palaiologina
Sophia Fominichna Palaiologina or Paleologue (; born Zoe Palaiologina; ; – 7 April 1503) was a Byzantine princess from the Palaiologos imperial dynasty and the grand princess of Moscow as the second wife of Ivan III of Russia. Her father was Thomas Palaiologos, the despot of the Morea. Through her eldest son, Vasili III of Russia, Vasili III, she was the grandmother of Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV, the first crowned tsar of all Russia. Family Zoe was born in the Morea in 1449. Her father was Thomas Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea and younger brother of the last Byzantine Emperor, Constantine XI Palaiologos (). Her mother was Catherine Zaccaria, Catherine, daughter and heiress of Centurione II Zaccaria, the last independent Prince of Achaea and Barony of Arcadia, Baron of Arcadia. The marriage between Thomas Palaiologos and Catherine Zaccaria produced four children: Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia, Helena (later wife of Lazar Branković, Despotes, Despot of Ser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Imperial Family
The House of Romanov (also transliterated as Romanoff; , ) was the reigning imperial house of Russia from 1613 to 1917. They achieved prominence after Anastasia Romanovna married Ivan the Terrible, the first crowned tsar of all Russia. Nicholas II, the last Emperor of Russia, and his immediate family were executed in 1918, but there are still living descendants of other members of the imperial house. The house consisted of boyars in Russia (the highest rank in the Russian nobility at the time) under the reigning Rurik dynasty, which became extinct upon the death of Feodor I in 1598. The Time of Troubles, caused by the resulting succession crisis, saw several pretenders and imposters lay claim to the Russian throne during the Polish-Lithuanian occupation. On 21 February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected Michael Romanov as tsar, establishing the Romanovs as Russia's second reigning dynasty. Michael's grandson, Peter I, who took the title of emperor and proclaimed the R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick William, Duke Of Courland
Frederick William (; 19 July 1692 – 21 January 1711) was Duke of Courland and Semigallia from 1698 to 1711. Frederick Wilhelm was the son of Friedrich Kasimir Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia and Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg. During his reign the duchy was occupied by Swedish and later by Russian troops. Biography Friedrich Wilhelm Kettler was born in 1692 in Mitau (now Jelgava) in the family of Friedrich Casimir and his second wife Elizabeth Sophia. At the age of seven, after his father's death, on 22 January 1698 he was appointed as the Duke of Courland and Semigallia, however, until the age of majority state was governed by his mother and uncle Ferdinand Kettler, who resided in Danzig. When in 1701 Semigallia was occupied by the Swedes, Friedrich Wilhelm and his mother went to his uncle Frederick, who later was crowned the first king in Prussia. He stayed in Prussia until 1709 when, after Russian victories against Sweden, at the age of 17 he wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anna Of Russia
Anna Ioannovna (; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administration was defined or heavily influenced by actions set in motion by her uncle, Peter the Great (), such as the lavish building projects in St. Petersburg, funding the Russian Academy of Science, and measures which generally favored the nobility, such as the repeal of a primogeniture law in 1730. In the West, Anna's reign was traditionally viewed as a continuation of the transition from the old Muscovy ways to the European court envisioned by Peter the Great. Within Russia, Anna's reign is often referred to as a "dark era". Early life Anna was born in Moscow as the daughter of Tsar Ivan V by his wife Praskovia Saltykova. Ivan V was co-ruler of Russia along with his younger half-brother Peter the Great, but he was mentally disabled and repor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Nobility
The Russian nobility or ''dvoryanstvo'' () arose in the Middle Ages. In 1914, it consisted of approximately 1,900,000 members, out of a total population of 138,200,000. Up until the February Revolution of 1917, the Russian noble estates staffed most of the Russian government and possessed a self-governing body, the Assembly of the Nobility. The Russian language, Russian word for nobility, ''dvoryanstvo'' derives from Slavonic ''dvor'' (двор), meaning the noble court, court of a prince or duke (''knyaz''), and later, of the tsar or emperor. Here, ''dvor'' originally referred to servants at the estate of an aristocrat. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the system of hierarchy was a system of seniority known as ''mestnichestvo''. The word ''dvoryane'' described the highest rank of gentry, who performed duties at the royal court, lived in it (''Moskovskie zhiltsy'', "Moscow dwellers"), or were candidates to it, as for many boyar scions (''dvorovye deti boyarskie'', ''v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; ;), also officially known as the Moscow Patriarchate (), is an autocephaly, autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church, Eastern Orthodox Christian church. It has 194 dioceses inside Russia. The Primate (bishop), primate of the ROC is the patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'. The History of the Russian Orthodox Church, history of the ROC begins with the Christianization of Kievan Rus', which commenced in 988 with the baptism of Vladimir the Great and his subjects by the clergy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople. Starting in the 14th century, Moscow served as the primary residence of the Russian List of metropolitans and patriarchs of Moscow, metropolitan. The ROC declared autocephaly in 1448 when it elected its own metropolitan. In 1589, the metropolitan was elevated to the position of patriarch with the consent of Constantinople. In the mid-17th century, a series of reforms led to Schism of the Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lutheran
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched the Reformation in 1517. The Lutheran Churches adhere to the Bible and the Ecumenical Creeds, with Lutheran doctrine being explicated in the Book of Concord. Lutherans hold themselves to be in continuity with the apostolic church and affirm the writings of the Church Fathers and the first four ecumenical councils. The schism between Roman Catholicism and Lutheranism, which was formalized in the Diet of Worms, Edict of Worms of 1521, centered around two points: the proper source of s:Augsburg Confession#Article XXVIII: Of Ecclesiastical Power., authority in the church, often called the formal principle of the Reformation, and the doctrine of s:Augsburg Confession#Article IV: Of Justification., justification, the material principle of Luther ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
