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Bhubaneswar (; ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Odisha. The region, especially the old town, was historically often depicted as ''Ekamra Kshetra'' (area (''kshetra'') adorned with mango trees (''ekamra'')). Bhubaneswar is dubbed the "Temple City", a nickname earned because of the 700 temples which once stood there. In contemporary times, it has emerged as an education hub and an attractive business destination. Although the modern city of Bhubaneswar was formally established in 1948, the history of the areas in and around the present-day city can be traced to the 7th century BCE and earlier. It is a confluence of Hindu, Buddhist and Jain heritage and includes several Kalingan temples, many of them from 6th–13th century CE. With Puri and Konark it forms the 'Swarna Tribhuja' ("Golden Triangle"), one of Eastern India's most visited destinations.
Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra Ramesh Prasad Mohapatra (1 October 1939 – 14 January 1989) was an archaeologist and scholar on Odia Studies. He served as curator for archaeology at the Odisha State Museum from 1963 to 1989 and made important contributions to historical rese ...
, ''Archaeology in Orissa'', Vol I, Page 47, B. R. Publishing Corporation, Delhi, 1986,
Bhubaneswar replaced Cuttack as the capital on 19 August 1949, two years after India gained its independence from Britain. The modern city was designed by the German architect
Otto Königsberger Otto H. Königsberger (13 October 1908 – 3 January 1999) was a German architect who worked mainly in urban development planning in Africa, Asia and Latin America, with the United Nations. Early life Königsberger was born in Berlin in 1908 ...
in 1946. Along with
Jamshedpur Jamshedpur (, ) or Tatanagar is the largest and most populous city in Jharkhand and the first planned industrial city in India. It is a Notified Area Council and Municipal Corporation and also the headquarter of the East Singhbhum district. It ...
and Chandigarh, it was one of modern India's first planned cities.BBSR Metropolitan/City Population section of Bhubaneswar and Cuttack are often referred to as the 'twin cities of Odisha'. The metropolitan area formed by the two cities had a population of 1.7 million in 2011. The Bhubaneswar metro area has a population of around a million people, and is categorised as a Tier-2 city. Bhubaneswar and
Rourkela Rourkela is a planned city located in the northern district Sundargarh of Odisha, India. It is the third-largest Urban Agglomeration in Odisha after Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. It is situated about west of state capital Bhubaneswar and is surro ...
are the two cities in smart city mission from Odisha.


Etymology

''Bhubaneswar'' is the anglicisation of the
Odia Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...
name "Bhubaneśwara"(ଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), derived from the word ''Tribhubaneśwar'' (ତ୍ରିଭୁବନେଶ୍ୱର), which literally means the Lord (Iśwar) of the Three Worlds (Tribhuban), which refers to Shiva.


History

Bhubaneswar stands near the ruins of
Sisupalgarh Sisupalgarh or Sisupalagada is situated in Khurda District in Odisha, India and houses ruined fortifications. It used to be the capital of ancient Kalinga. It is identified with Kalinganagara of Kharavela and Tosali of Ashoka. It is one of ...
, the ancient capital of the erstwhile province of Kalinga.
Dhauli Dhauli or Dhauligiri is a hill located on the banks of the river Daya River, Daya, 8 km south of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. Significance Dhauli known for "Dhauli Santi Stupa", a peace pagoda monument which witnesses the great Kalinga ...
, near Bhubaneswar was the site of the
Kalinga War The Kalinga War (ended )Le Huu Phuoc, Buddhist Architecture, Grafikol 2009, p.30 was fought in ancient India between the Maurya Empire under Ashoka and the state of Kalinga, an independent feudal kingdom located on the east coast, in the pre ...
(-261 BCE), in which the Mauryan emperor Ashoka invaded and annexed Kalinga. One of the most complete edicts of the Mauryan Emperor, Ashoka, dating from between 272 and 236 BCE, remains carved in rock, to the southwest of the modern city. After the decline of the Mauryan empire, the area came under the rule of Mahameghavahana dynasty, whose most well-known ruler is Kharavela. His Hathigumpha inscription is located at the Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves near Bhubaneswar. The area was subsequently ruled by several dynasties, including Satavahanas,
Guptas The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire which existed from the early 4th century CE to late 6th century CE. At its zenith, from approximately 319 to 467 CE, it covered much of the Indian subcontinent. This period is considered as the Gol ...
, Matharas, and Shailodbhavas. In the 7th century, Somavamshi or Keshari dynasty established their kingdom in the area, and constructed a number of temples. After the Kesharis, the Eastern Gangas ruled Kalinga area until the 14th century CE. Their capital Kalinganagara was located in present-day Bhubaneswar City. After them, Mukunda Deva of the Bhoi dynasty – the last Hindu ruler of the area until the Marathas – developed several religious buildings in the area. Most of the older temples in Bhubaneswar were built between 8th and 12th centuries, under Shaiva influence. The
Ananta Vasudeva Temple Ananta Vasudeva Temple ("Temple of the Infinite Vāsudeva", Odia:ଅନନ୍ତ ବାସୁଦେବ ମନ୍ଦିର) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Krishna, an ''avatar'' of Vishnu located in Bhubaneswar, the state capital of Odisha, Ind ...
is the only old temple of Vishnu in the city. In 1568, the Karrani dynasty of Afghan origin gained control of the area. During their reign, most of the temples and other structures were destroyed or disfigured. In the 16th century, the area came under pachamani
Mughal Mughal or Moghul may refer to: Related to the Mughal Empire * Mughal Empire of South Asia between the 16th and 19th centuries * Mughal dynasty * Mughal emperors * Mughal people, a social group of Central and South Asia * Mughal architecture * Mug ...
control. The Marathas, who succeeded the Mughals in the mid-18th century, encouraged pilgrimage in the region. In 1803, the area came under British colonial rule, and was part of the Bengal Presidency (until 1912), Bihar and Orissa Province (1912-1936) and
Orissa Province Orissa Province was a province of British India created in April 1936 by the partitioning of the Bihar and Orissa Province. Its territory corresponds with the modern-day State of Odisha. On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa divisions were s ...
(1936-1947). The capital of the British-ruled Orissa Province was Cuttack, which was vulnerabile to floods and suffered from space constraints. Because of this, on 30 September 1946, a proposal to move the capital to a new capital was introduced in the Legislative Assembly of the Odisha Province. After independence of India, the foundation of the new capital was laid by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on 13 April 1948. The name of the new capital came from "Tribhubaneswara" or "Bhubaneswara" (literally "Lord of the Earth"), a name of Shiva, the deity of the
Lingaraja temple Lingaraja Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha, India. The temple is the most prominent landmark of Bhubaneswar city and one of the major tourist ...
. The Legislative Assembly of Odisha was shifted from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1949. Bhubaneswar was built as a modern city, designed by German architect
Otto Königsberger Otto H. Königsberger (13 October 1908 – 3 January 1999) was a German architect who worked mainly in urban development planning in Africa, Asia and Latin America, with the United Nations. Early life Königsberger was born in Berlin in 1908 ...
with wide roads, gardens and parks. Though part of the city followed the plan, it grew rapidly over the next few decades, outstripping the planning process. According to the first census of independent India, taken in 1951, the city's population was just 16,512. From 1952 to 1979, it was administered by a Notified Area Council or a ''nagar panchayat''; a municipality was established only on 12 March 1979. By the 1991 census, the population of Bhubaneswar had increased to 411,542. Accordingly, on 14 August 1994, the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation was established.


Geography

Bhubaneswar is in Khordha district of Odisha. It is in the eastern coastal plains, along the axis of the Eastern Ghats mountains. The city has an average altitude of
above sea level Height above mean sea level is a measure of the vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) of a location in reference to a historic mean sea level taken as a vertical datum. In geodesy, it is formalized as ''orthometric heights''. The comb ...
. It lies southwest of the Mahanadi River that forms the northern boundary of Bhubaneswar metropolitan area, within its
delta Delta commonly refers to: * Delta (letter) (Δ or δ), a letter of the Greek alphabet * River delta, at a river mouth * D (NATO phonetic alphabet: "Delta") * Delta Air Lines, US * Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 Delta may also re ...
. The city is bounded by the
Daya River The Daya River starts as a branch of the Kuakhai River at Saradeipur (near Badahati) in Odisha state in India. It is joined by the Malaguni River below Golabai and flows through Khordha and Puri districts before emptying into the north-easter ...
to the south and the
Kuakhai River Kuakhai River is a distributary of Mahanadi River which flows by Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Mahanadi River branches off at Naraj, Cuttack as Kathajodi River, then immediately it is bifurcated, with its southern branch flowing as Kuakhai River. The Kush ...
to the east; the
Chandaka Wildlife Sanctuary Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary () is a wildlife reserve located in the south fringe of cuttack in the Indian state of Odisha. Nestled on Khurdha uplands of the Eastern Ghats biotic region, Chandaka forest is spread over of rolling table land and s ...
and
Nandankanan Zoo Nandankanan Zoological Park is a zoo and botanical garden in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Established in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009. ...
lie in the western and northern parts of Bhubaneswar, respectively. Bhubaneswar is topographically divided into western uplands and eastern lowlands, with hillocks in the western and northern parts. Kanjia lake on the northern outskirts, affords rich biodiversity and is a wetland of national importance. Bhubaneswar's soils are 65 per cent
laterite Laterite is both a soil and a rock type rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Nearly all laterites are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content. They develop by ...
, 25 per cent alluvial and 10 per cent sandstone. The Bureau of Indian Standards places the city inside seismic zone III on a scale ranging from in order of increasing susceptibility to earthquakes. The United Nations Development Programme reports that there is "very high damage risk" from winds and
cyclone In meteorology, a cyclone () is a large air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure, counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere as viewed from above (opposite to an anti ...
s. The
1999 Odisha cyclone The 1999 Odisha cyclone ( IMD designation BOB 06, JTWC designation 05B) was the most intense recorded tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean and among the most destructive in the region. The 1999 Odisha cyclone organized into a tropica ...
caused major damage to buildings, the city's infrastructure and cost many human lives. Floods and waterlogging in the low-lying areas have become common due to unplanned growth.


Urban structure

The Bhubaneswar urban development area consists of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation area, 173 revenue villages and two other municipalities spread over . The area under the jurisdiction of the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation covers . The city is somewhat dumbbell-shaped with most of the growth taking place to the north, northeast and southwest. The north–south axis of the city is widest, at roughly . Growth in the east is restricted due to the presence of
Kuakhai River Kuakhai River is a distributary of Mahanadi River which flows by Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Mahanadi River branches off at Naraj, Cuttack as Kathajodi River, then immediately it is bifurcated, with its southern branch flowing as Kuakhai River. The Kush ...
and by the wildlife sanctuary in the northwestern part. The city can be broadly divided into the old town, planned city (or state capital), added areas and outer peripheral areas. It is subdivided into Units and Colonies. The old town or "Temple Town", the oldest part of the city, is characterised by many temples, including the Lingaraja, Nilakantha Siva, Rajarani and Muktesvara temples, standing alongside residential areas. Additional structures include the
Somabaresvara Siva Temple The Somabaresvara Siva Temple is located in the Kapilesvara temple precinct (Lat- 200 15’ 53" N., Long- 850 51’ 40" E., Elev- 56 ft). The enshrined deity is a Sivalingam over a square yonipitha made of sandstone Sandstone is a clas ...
and the
Kartikesvara Siva Temple Kartikesvara Siva Temple (Location: Lat. 20° 14’27" N., Long. 85° 50’ 12"E., Elev. 73 ft) is situated at a distance of about 100 m from eastern gateway of Lingaraj temple. It is on the left side of the temple road leading from Lingar ...
. The area is congested, with narrow roads and poor infrastructure. Among neighbourhoods in the old town are Rajarani Colony, Pandaba Nagar, Brahmeswara Bagh, Lingaraja Nagar, Gouri Nagar, Bhimatangi and Kapileswara. The planned city was designed in 1948 to house the capital. It is subdivided into units, each with a high school, shopping centres, dispensaries and play areas. While most of the units house government employees, Unit V houses the administrative buildings, including the State Secretariat, State Assembly and the Raj Bhavan. Private residential areas were later built in other areas of the planned city, including
Saheed Nagar Saheed Nagar WNS or Sahid Nagar is a neighbourhood and major commercial area in Bhubaneswar, Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th large ...
and Satya Nagar. Unit I, popularly known as the Market Building, was formed to cater to the shopping needs of the new capital's residents. Later, markets and commercial establishments developed along the
Janpath Janpath (meaning People's Path, formerly known as Queensway), is one of the main roads in New Delhi. It starts out as Radial Road 1 in Connaught Place, adjacent to Palika Bazaar, and runs north–south perpendicular to, and past Rajpath ...
and
Cuttack-Puri Road National Highway 316 (NH 316) is a National Highway in India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most po ...
at
Saheed Nagar Saheed Nagar WNS or Sahid Nagar is a neighbourhood and major commercial area in Bhubaneswar, Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th large ...
, Satya Nagar, Bapuji Nagar and Ashok Nagar. A dedicated institutional area houses educational and research institutes, including
Utkal University Utkal University (UU) is a Public university in Bhubaneswar, Khordha district, Khordha, Odisha, and is the oldest university in Odisha, the state, and the 17th-oldest university in India. It is a teaching-cum-affiliating university. The pre ...
, the Institute of Physics, the Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology and Sainik School. Indira Gandhi Park, Gandhi Park and the Biju Patnaik Park are located in the unit. The added areas are mostly areas lying north of National Highway 5, including Nayapalli, Jayadev Vihar,
Chandrasekharpur Chandrasekharpur is a commercial area in Odisha's capital city, Bhubaneswar. Landmarks * Bhubaneswar Golf Club * Bhubaneswar Driving Test Center * Bhubaneswar Stock Exchange * Software Technology Parks of India Economy Information Technolog ...
and Sailashree Vihar, Niladri vihar which were developed by Bhubaneswar Development Authority to house the growing population. With the development of the new areas such as Chandrasekharpur the city is now divided roughly into North(newer areas) and South Bhubaneswar (older areas) by the NH-5 highway. The peripheral areas are outside the municipal boundary or have subsequently been included within the extended boundary, including Tomando, Patia and Raghunathpur. Most of these areas were developed in a haphazard manner, without proper planning. The Master Planning Branch of the
Bhubaneswar Development Authority Bhubaneswar Development Authority (BDA) is a statutory agency which is responsible for development and beautification of Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is ...
developed the Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP) in 2010. According to the Odisha Development Authorities Act, 1982, the Development Authority has control over the planning for municipal areas. Apart from the CDP, BDA has also created Zonal Development Plans for some of the areas under the CDP. Bhubaneswar secured the top rank in the Smart city list in India.


Climate

Bhubaneswar has a tropical savanna climate, designated ''Aw'' under the Köppen climate classification. The annual mean temperature is ; monthly mean temperatures are . Summers (March to June) are hot and humid, with temperatures in the low 30s C; during dry spells, maximum temperatures often exceed in May and June. Winter lasts for only about ten weeks, with seasonal lows dipping to in December and January. May is the hottest month, when daily temperatures range from . January, the coldest month, has temperatures varying from . Extreme temperatures have ranged from . Rains brought by the Bay of Bengal branch of the south west summer monsoon lash Bhubaneswar between June and September, supplying it with most of its annual rainfall of . The highest monthly rainfall total, , occurs in August.


Economy

Bhubaneswar is an administrative, information technology, education and tourism city. Bhubaneswar was ranked as the best place to do business in India by the World Bank in 2014. Bhubaneswar has emerged as one of the fast-growing, important trading and commercial hub in the state and eastern India. Tourism is a major industry, attracting about 1.5 million tourists in 2011. Bhubaneswar was designed to be a largely residential city with outlying industrial areas. The economy had few major players until the 1990s and was dominated by retail and small-scale manufacturing. With the economic liberalisation policy adopted by the Government of India in the 1990s, Bhubaneswar received investment in telecommunications, information technology (IT) and higher education. In 2011, according to a study by
Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India Associated may refer to: *Associated, former name of Avon, Contra Costa County, California * Associated Hebrew Schools of Toronto, a school in Canada *Associated Newspapers, former name of DMG Media, a British publishing company See also *Associat ...
, Bhubaneswar had the highest rate of employment growth among 17 Tier-2 cities in India. It has been listed among the top ten emerging cities in India by
Cushman and Wakefield Cushman & Wakefield plc is a global commercial real estate services firm. The company's corporate headquarters is located in Chicago, Illinois. Cushman & Wakefield is among the world's largest commercial real estate services firms, with revenues ...
, taking into consideration factors like demographics, physical, social and real estate infrastructure, current level and scope of economic activities and government support. In 2012, Bhubaneswar was ranked third among Indian cities, in starting and operating a business by the World Bank. Bhubaneswar has been traditionally home to handicrafts industry, including silver filigree work, appliqué work, stone and wood carvings and patta painting, which significantly contributes to the city's economy. The late 2000s saw a surge of investments in the real estate, infrastructure, retail and hospitality sectors; several shopping malls and organised retails opened outlets in Bhubaneswar. In the informal sector, 22,000 vendors operate in regulated or unregulated vending zones. As of 2001, around 2.15% of the city's workforce was employed in the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, mining, etc.); 2.18% worked in the secondary sector (industrial and manufacturing); and 95.67% worked in the tertiary sector (service industries). The Department of Industries established four industrial areas in and around Bhubaneswar, in the Rasulgarh, Mancheswar, Chandaka, and Bhagabanpur areas. Industrial sector in Bhubaneswar includes paper, steel, automobile, food, pharma and electronics industries. A large number of companies including Odisha State Cooperative Milk Producers' Federation,
Bharat Biotech Bharat Biotech International Limited (BBIL) is an Indian multinational biotechnology company headquartered in the city of Hyderabad, India engaged in the drug discovery, drug development, manufacture of vaccines, bio-therapeutics, pharmaceuti ...
, Topaz Solar,
Britannia Industries Britannia Industries Limited is an Indian company specialised in food industry, part of the Wadia Group headed by Nusli Wadia. Founded in 1892 and headquartered in Kolkata, it is one of India's oldest existing companies and best known for it ...
, SMS Group and
Jockey International Jockey International, Inc. is an American manufacturer and retailer of underwear, sleepwear, and sportswear for men, women, and children. The company is based in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Jockey invented the first men's Y-Front brief in 1934 and is a ...
have there manufacturing plant. In 2009, Odisha was ranked ninth among Indian states in terms of software export by NASSCOM, with most IT/ITES companies established in Bhubaneswar. In 2011–12, Odisha had a growth rate of 17% for software exports. According to a 2012 survey, among the tier-2 cities in India, Bhubaneswar has been chosen as the best for conducting IT/ITES business. The government fostered growth by developing of IT parks such as Infocity-1, Infovalley,
STPI Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) is an S&T organization under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) engaged in promoting IT/ ITES Industry, Innovation, R&D, Start-ups, Product/ IP creation in the field of emergin ...
-Bhubaneswar and JSS STP. Infocity was conceived as a five-star park, under the Export Promotion Industrial Parks (EPIP) Scheme to create infrastructure facilities for setting up information technology related industries. Infosys and
Tech Mahindra Tech Mahindra is an Indian multinational information technology services and consulting company. Part of the Mahindra Group, the company is headquartered in Pune and has its registered office in Mumbai. Tech Mahindra is a 6.0 billion company w ...
have been present in Bhubaneswar since 1996. Other software companies, firms and Multinational Companies include Tata Consultancy Services, Wipro, IBM, Genpact, Firstsource,
Mindtree Mindtree Ltd was an Indian Multinational corporation, multinational information technology services and consulting company, headquartered in Bangalore. It is a part of the Larsen & Toubro Group. Since its foundation in 1999, the company has e ...
, MphasiS, Ericsson, Semtech,
Reliance Communications Reliance Communications Limited (RCOM) was an Indian mobile network provider headquartered in Navi Mumbai that offered voice and 2G and 3G and 4G data services. In February 2019, the company filed for bankruptcy as it was unable to sell asse ...
, PricewaterhouseCoopers ,
Bharti Airtel Bharti Airtel Limited, commonly known as (d/b/a) Airtel, is an Indian multinational telecommunications services company based in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa, as well as the Channel Islands. Currently, ...
,
DLF (company) Delhi Land & Finance (DLF Limited) is a commercial real estate developer. It was founded by Chaudhary Raghvendra Singh in 1946 and it is based in New Delhi, India. DLF developed residential colonies in Delhi such as, Model Town, Rajouri Garden ...
, Capgemini and Deloitte. It also houses the headquarters of
POSCO India POSCO India Private Limited (commonly POSCO India or Posco-India) is an Indian subsidiary of Korean conglomerate POSCO. Its parent company POSCO signed a memorandum of understanding in June 2005 with the state government of Odisha to construct a ...
, a subsidiary of South Korean conglomerate
POSCO POSCO (formerly Pohang Iron and Steel Company) is a South Korean steel-making company headquartered in Pohang, South Korea. It had an output of of crude steel in 2015, making it the world's fourth-largest steelmaker by this measure. In 2010, i ...
and Govt. of India owned National Aluminium Company(NALCO). Apart from the big multinationals, some 300 small and mid-size IT companies and business startups have offices in Bhubaneswar.


Demographics


Population

As per the
2011 census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...
, Bhubaneswar had a population of 837,737, while the metropolitan area had a population of 881,988. As per the estimate of IIT Kharagpur, which made a development plan, the Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Urban complex, consisting of , has a population of 1.9 million (). , the number of males was 445,233, while the number of females were 392,504. The decadal growth rate was 45.90 per cent.


Literacy

Effective male literacy was 95.69 per cent, while female literacy was 90.26 per cent. About 75,237 were under six. Bhubaneswar's literacy rate is 93.15 per cent—significantly higher than the national average of 74.04 per cent.


Language

The main language spoken in the city is
Odia Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...
. However, English and Hindi are understood by most residents. Although
Odias The Odia (), formerly spelled Oriya, is an Indo-Aryan ethnic group native to the Indian state of Odisha who speak Odia language. They constitute a majority in the eastern coastal state, with significant minority populations in neighboring An ...
comprise the vast majority, migrants from other states like Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Rajasthan and Jharkhand also dwell in the city. Growth in the information technology industry and education sector in Bhubaneswar changed the city's demographic profile; likely infrastructure strains and haphazard growth from demographic changes have been a cause of concern.


Religion

Bhubaneswar is a very religiously diverse city. Hindus form the majority in the city with more than 95% of the total population, as of
2011 Census of India The 2011 Census of India or the 15th Indian Census was conducted in two phases, house listing and population enumeration. The House listing phase began on 1 April 2010 and involved the collection of information about all buildings. Information ...
. Muslims forms the second largest minority with 3.3% and Christians with 0.92%. There is also a significant minority population of
Sikhs Sikhs ( or ; pa, ਸਿੱਖ, ' ) are people who adhere to Sikhism (Sikhi), a monotheistic religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak. The term ...
,
Buddhists Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and gra ...
and Jains.


Governance and Politics


Civic Administration

The Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC) oversees and manages civic infrastructure for the city's 67
wards Ward may refer to: Division or unit * Hospital ward, a hospital division, floor, or room set aside for a particular class or group of patients, for example the psychiatric ward * Prison ward, a division of a penal institution such as a priso ...
. It started as a Notified Area Committee in 1946 and was upgraded to a municipal corporation in 1994. Orissa Municipal Corporation Act, 2003 is the governing act. Residents of each ward elect a corporator to the BMC for a five-year term. Standing committees handle urban planning and maintain roads, government-aided schools, hospitals and municipal markets. As Bhubaneswar's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises a mayor, a deputy mayor and other elected members. The executive wing is headed by a Commissioner. There are 13 administrative departments under BMC: PR & Communication, Disaster Management, Finance, Health & Sanitation, Engineering, Revenue & Tax, Electrical, Environment, Social Welfare, IT and Social Projects, Establishment, Land & Assets, Enforcement & Recovery. The responsibilities of the municipal body include drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management and street lighting. The tenure of the last elected body ended in January 2019 and new elections have not taken place yet, because the High Court struck down the delimitation process that was carried out for exceeding 50% reservations of seats. Ward committees have been formed in Bhubaneswar and are very active. The Committees are responsible for issues such as public health, sanitation, street lighting and conservancy in their respective wards. There is no fixed number of members in the committees. The processes for the municipal budget 2020-21 was initiated in February 2020, but it is unclear if they have continued after the lockdown was announced. The budget for 2020-21 was supposed to be aroound Rs. 700, an increase of 51.8% from the 2019-20 budget. The increase was supposedly to fund the various socio-economic welfare schemes in the city. The key revenue sources for BMC are: Holding Taxes, tax from advertisements, rent from municipal properties such as markets, shopping complexes, and kalyan mandaps (marriage halls), fees and user charges, and grants from state and central governments.


Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha Constituencies

Citizens of Bhubaneswar elect one representative to India's lower house, the Lok Sabha, and three representatives to the state legislative assembly, through the constituencies of Bhubaneswar North,
Ekamra-Bhubaneswar Ekamra-Bhubaneswar is a Vidhan Sabha constituency of Khordha district, Odisha, India. This constituency includes 5 Gram panchayats (Basuaghai, Itipur, Tikarapada, Dhauli and Sisupal) of Bhubaneswar block and Ward No.12, 14, 15 and 30 to 34 an ...
, and Bhubaneswar Central. The last Lok Sabha election was in 2019, when
Aparajita Sarangi Aparajita Sarangi ( Mishra; born 8 October 1969) is an Indian politician from the Bharatiya Janata Party and the incumbent Member of Parliament from Bhubaneswar. A former Odisha cadre Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the 1994 batch ...
from Bharatiya Janata Party won the seat. The last state assembly election took place in 2019 as well, when all three Vidhan Sabha seats in Bhubaneswar were won by Biju Janata Dal: Susant Kumar Rout from North, Ashok Chandra Panda from Ekamra, and Ananta Narayan Jena from Central.


Judicial and Police Institutions

As the seat of the Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar is home to the Odisha Legislative Assembly and the state secretariat. Bhubaneswar has lower courts: the Court of Small Causes and the District Civil Court decide civil matters; the Sessions Court rules in criminal cases. The
Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate Bhubaneswar–Cuttack Police Commissionerate(Odia:ଭୁବନେଶ୍ଵର-କଟକ ପୋଲିସ କମିଶନରେଟ),established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation wit ...
, established in 2008, is a city police force with primary responsibilities in law enforcement and investigation in the Bhubaneswar-Cuttack area. Shri S.K. Priyadarshi, IPS is the police commissioner.


Public utilities

Electricity is supplied by the state-operated
Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha TP Central Odisha Distribution Limited (TPCODL) (earlier Central Electricity Supply Utility of Odisha (CESU)) is responsible for medium voltage power transmission and distribution across 9 districts of Odisha. Originally, the licence to opera ...
.
TATA Power Tata Power Company Limited is an Indian electric utility company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India and is part of the Tata Group. The core business of the company is to generate, transmit and distribute electricity. With an installed electri ...
as a private entity started Power distribution in the city by the end of 2020. Fire services are handled by the state agency
Odisha Fire Service Odisha Fire Service (OFS) is the state owned service that attends firefighting/rescue calls throughout the Indian state of Odisha. It was established in 1944 during World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbrevia ...
. Drinking water is sourced from the Mahanadi, Kuakhai and Daya rivers. Water supply and
sewerage Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff (stormwater, meltwater, rainwater) using sewers. It encompasses components such as receiving drainage, drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows, a ...
are handled by the
Public Health Engineering Organisation Public Health Engineering Organisation (PHEO) is a public agency formed in 1956 by the Government of Odisha, under the administrative control of Housing and Urban Development Department assigned with task of providing water supply and sewerage ...
. As of 2015, 35% of the city was covered by piped water connections, 1.4% of the households had metered water connection, and the extent of non-revenue water in the city ran to 62.5%. The Engineering Department of BMC creates and maintains roads. 26.7% of the city is covered by sewage network, while more than 50% of the households are dependent on onsite containment systems, such as septic tanks. There is no sewage treatment plant in Bhubaneswar right now, but one is being built using JNNURM funds. The waste from the limited sewage network flows untreated into the Daya river. There is one septage treatment plant for fecal sludge with a capacity of 75 KLD. The municipal corporation is responsible for the solid waste management in the city. The average municipal waste generated in the city is 480 kg/m3 for wet waste and 600 kg/m3 for wet waste. Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation BMC has introduced door to door collection through battery operated garbage collection vehicle. It is trying to introduce segregation at source by providing two waste bins to every household, one each for dry and wet waste. Landfilling is the most common method of waste disposal in Bhubaneswar. State-owned Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, or BSNL, as well as private enterprises, among them Reliance Jio,
Bharti Airtel Bharti Airtel Limited, commonly known as (d/b/a) Airtel, is an Indian multinational telecommunications services company based in New Delhi. It operates in 18 countries across South Asia and Africa, as well as the Channel Islands. Currently, ...
, Vodafone Idea, are the leading telephone, cell phone and internet service providers in the city.


Education

Bhubaneswar is a centre for higher education in the Eastern Region and is considered the education hub of Eastern India with several government and privately funded Universities and colleges. IIT Bhubaneswar, NISER Bhubaneswar,
AIIMS Bhubaneswar All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar (AIIMS Bhubaneswar), formerly Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences, is a medical college and medical research public university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, I ...
and NIFT Bhubaneswar are some of the elite institutions of country which are located in the city. Utkal University Bhubaneswar is the oldest university in Odisha and the 17th oldest university in India.


Primary and secondary education

Odia and English are the primary languages of instruction. Schools in Bhubaneswar follow the "10+2+3" plan for Regular Graduates and "10+2+4" plan for Technical studies. Schools in Bhubaneswar are either run by the state government or private organisations. Students typically enroll in schools that are affiliated with any of the following mediums of education. * BSE, Odisha *
CHSE, Odisha Council of Higher Secondary Education, Odisha (abbreviated as CHSE (O)) is a Board of Education imparting Senior Higher Secondary (Class 11 & Class 12 Courses) for public and private schools, Colleges under the State Government of Odisha, India ...
* CBSE * Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations * SCTE&VT, Odisha Notable union government schools in the city include *
Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Bhubaneswar Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Bhubaneswar ( Hindi :-''केन्द्रीय विद्यालय नं 1,भुवनेश्वर'', Odia :- ''କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ ବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ -୧,ଭୁବନେଶ୍ବର'') is ...
, * Sainik School, Notable state government schools in the city include *
Badagada Government High School, Bhubaneswar Badagada Government High School, Bhubaneswar, is a high school in the capital city of Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The school was started in 1963 by the Government of Odisha. It is considered as one of the oldest government schools in the city of Bhuban ...
*
Capital High School, Bhubaneswar Capital High School, located in Bhubaneswar, is one of the oldest schools in the Indian state of Odisha and was established in 1951. The school is situated in unit-III near Ram Mandir and is adjacent to St. Joseph's High School and The Blind Sch ...
*
Government High School, Saheed Nagar Government High School, Saheed Nagar(established : 1968) is a government high school located in Bhubaneswar . It is co-ed school . The medium of teaching is Odia language, Odia . It is located at a central place of Bhubaneswar called Saheed Nagar ...
Notable private schools in the city include *
DAV Public School, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar DAV Public School, Unit-8, Bhubaneswar is a co-educational school in Bhubaneswar, Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest stat ...
, *
D.A.V. Public School, Chandrasekharpur D.A.V. Public School, Chandrasekharpur is a public school in Chandrasekharpur in the state of Odisha, India located in Sailashree Vihar, Chandrasekharpur - a residential township in the northern part of the temple city of Bhubaneswar. Established ...
, * Loyola School, Bhubaneswar, *
Sai International School, Bhubaneswar SAI International School is a CBSE cum IGCSE affiliated, day-cum boarding, co-educational school in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It was founded by Late Dr. Bijaya Kumar Sahoo in 2008, and is affiliated to the Central Board of Secondary Education, New D ...
, *
St. Joseph's High School, Bhubaneswar St. Joseph's High School, Bhubaneswar is a Christian minority educational institution founded by Sisters of St Joseph of Annecy in 1951, in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bhubaneswar.STEM Stem or STEM may refer to: Plant structures * Plant stem, a plant's aboveground axis, made of vascular tissue, off which leaves and flowers hang * Stipe (botany), a stalk to support some other structure * Stipe (mycology), the stem of a mushro ...
and applied research and are rated highly by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, India.


Engineering and applied sciences institutions

*
C. V. Raman Global University C. V. Raman Global University is an engineering and management institution located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It was established in 1997 as C.V. Raman College of Engineering by Sanjib Kumar Rout under C.V. Raman Group of Institutions. The ...
*
Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), formerly the Freshwater Aquaculture Research and Training Centre, is a research institute for freshwater aquaculture research and development in India, It is situated in Bhubaneswar, Odis ...
*
Eastern Academy of Science and Technology The Eastern Academy of Science and Technology, Bhubaneswar, (or EAST) is a private technical institution situated in Orissa, India. The college is located on the banks of the dried river Prachi at Phulnakhra in Bhubaneswar. The institute offers ...
*
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar (IIT Bhubaneswar) is a public technical university established by the government of India in 2008, located at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The institute admits a students for bachelor's, master's progra ...
* Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai (off campus in collaboration with IndianOil and IIT Kharagpur) * Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (IMMT, erstwhile RRL) * Institute of Physics *
International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar (IIIT-BH or IIIT-BBSR) is a state university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It is a University Grants Commission (India) (UGC) recognised Unitary Technical University. The ca ...
(IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH) * Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology *
National Institute of Fashion Technology National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) is an autonomous institute that offers courses in fashion, designing, technology, and management. Its head office is located in New Delhi, India. History NIFT was established in 1986 under the M ...
(NIFT) * National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) *
Orissa Engineering College Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar is a First private engineering college established in Odisha. It was set up in 1986. Orissa Engineering College is the Odisha Electronics Control Library result of the vision of Shri Kamini Kanta Patnaik ...
*
Regional Institute of Education The Regional Institute of Education (RIE, formerly known as Regional College of Education), is a constituent unit of the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), New Delhi. The RIEs are set up in 1963 by Government of India ...


Medical institutions

*
All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar (AIIMS Bhubaneswar), formerly Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose All India Institute of Medical Sciences, is a medical college and medical research public university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, ...
* Hi-Tech Medical College & Hospital, Bhubaneswar *
Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital The Institute of Medical Sciences and Sum Hospital (IMS and SUM Hospital) is the medical school of the Siksha 'O' Anusandhan in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. This institute gained permission in 2007 from Medical Council of India The Medic ...
*
Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) is the medical school of the Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology situated in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. This institute began offering MBBS courses in medical stream courses in 2007. Its si ...
* Regional Medical Research Center


Universities

*
Birla Global University Birla Global University (BGU) is a private university in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It was founded in 2015, by Basant Kumar Birla and Sarla Birla. It is a self-financed private unitary University and has been established by the enactment of " ...
, Bhubaneswar *
Centurion University of Technology and Management Centurion University of Technology and Management is a multi-sector, private state university from Odisha, India. With its main campus at Paralakhemundi in the Gajapati district and another constituent campus located at Jatni, on the fringes ...
, Bhubaneswar *
Odisha University of Technology and Research Odisha University of Technology and Research (OUTR) formerly College of Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar (CETB) is a public technical unitary university under the state government of Odisha located in Bhubaneswar, the capital of Odisha, I ...
*
International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar (IIIT-BH or IIIT-BBSR) is a state university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It is a University Grants Commission (India) (UGC) recognised Unitary Technical University. The ca ...
(IIIT-BBSR or IIIT-BH) * Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology *
Odisha State Open University Odisha State Open University (OSOU) is a distance learning state university located in Sambalpur, Odisha, India. The university is established by an Act of the Odisha State Legislature in 2015. The university has jurisdiction over the entire ...
* Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology *
Rama Devi Women's University Rama Devi Women's University, formerly known as Rama Devi Women's Autonomous College, is a state university for women in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Named after freedom fighter and social reformer Ramadevi Choudhury. History The institution s ...
* Regional College of Management *
Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Shiksha 'O' Anusandhan (SOA), formerly Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University (SOA University), is a private deemed university located at Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The university is composed of nine degree-granting schools and colleges and has ...
*
Utkal University of Culture Utkal University of Culture is a Public university in Bhubaneswar, Odisha dedicated for research, teaching and education in the field of culture. History Utkal University of Culture established by an ordinance on 9 June 1999, which was later re ...
*
Utkal University Utkal University (UU) is a Public university in Bhubaneswar, Khordha district, Khordha, Odisha, and is the oldest university in Odisha, the state, and the 17th-oldest university in India. It is a teaching-cum-affiliating university. The pre ...
* Xavier University Professional Institute * The Institute of Cost Accountants of India -Bhubaneswar Chapter, Bhubaneswar. *The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India-Bhuneshwar Branch of EIRC


Think tanks / Research institutes

*
Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies The Nabakrushna Choudhury Centre for Development Studies is a public policy think-tank of the state of Odisha. It conducts research in the disciplines of Economics, Sociology and Social Anthropology. It is jointly funded by the Government of Indi ...
(NCDS) Tourism education is another field of study emerging. The Eastern Regional Centre of Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management (IITTM), the second in the country after Gwalior, was established in 1996. One IATA Authorised Training Centre (ATC) is also located in the city premises. Several regional management educational institutions also have travel and tourism related courses in their curriculum.


Transport


Bicycle

A public bicycle sharing project named Mo Cycle has been started by the Bhubaneswar Smart City Limited (BSCL) and the Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT). The scheme aims to reduce
traffic congestion Traffic congestion is a condition in transport that is characterized by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing. Traffic congestion on urban road networks has increased substantially since the 1950s. When traffic de ...
, promote non-motorized transport in the city and ensure better last mile connectivity. Chief minister Naveen Patnaik in November 2011 inaugurated Mo Cycle. Around 400 cycle stands have been set up across the city. Around 2,000 bicycles have been ordered from three companies - Hexi, Yaana and Yulu. Hexi (from Hero Cycles) will provide 1,000 bicycles and Yaana and Yulu will provide 500 each. The availability of rentals Bicycles are accessed by the Dedicated mobile app - "mo app".


Bus

Internal public transport is maintained by "Mo Bus (My Bus)" service administrated by CRUT(Capital Region Urban Transport) along with connecting nearest cities like Cuttack and Puri. The headquarters of the
Odisha State Road Transport Corporation Odisha State Road Transport Corporation or OSRTC is the state owned road transport corporation in the eastern Indian state of Odisha. It is acknowledged for its distinguished service for safe and lowest cost of operation with a fleet of 462 buse ...
(OSRTC) is in Bhubaneswar. The main Bhubaneswar inter-state bus terminus is at Barmunda, from the city centre, from where OSRTC and private operators run buses connecting Bhubaneswar to cities in Odisha and with the neighbouring states of Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, West Bengal and
Chhattisgarh Chhattisgarh (, ) is a landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Prade ...
. Bhubaneswar is connected to the rest of Odisha and India by
National Highway National highway or National Highway may refer to: * National Highways (England) * National Highway (Australia) * List of National Roads in Belgium * Brunei National Roads System * National Highway System (Canada) * Trans-Ca ...
- NH 16, which is a part of the Kolkata-Chennai prong of the Golden Quadrilateral, NH 203, State Highway 13 (Odisha) and State Highway 27 (Odisha). Asian Highway-
AH 45 AH45 is a route of the National Highway Network of India, running from in Kolkata to Krishnagiri. This route is composed of NH 16 and part of NH 48 from Chennai to Krishnagiri. Route The route shares a large portion of various Indian Nationa ...
passes through the city.


Road

Bhubaneswar has roads in grid form in the central city. Bhubaneswar has approximately of roads, with average road density of . Baramunda Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT) is the major bus terminus in the city from where buses ply to all the districts in Odisha as well as to neighbouring state's cities like Hyderabad, Kolkata, Visakhapatnam, Raipur and
Ranchi Ranchi (, ) is the capital of the Indian state of Jharkhand. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement, which called for a separate state for the tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Odisha, western West Bengal and the eastern area ...
. City bus service (
Mo Bus Mo Bus is a public transport bus service run in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The Capital Region Urban Transport (CRUT), a special purpose vehicle (SPV), formed under Housing and Urban Development Department of the Government of Odisha operates a fleet o ...
) runs across Bhubaneswar by Capital Region Urban Transport Authority run by Bhubaneswar Development Authority . A fleet of 300+ buses cover all major destinations including Cuttack, Puri and Khordha. Auto rickshaws are available for hire and on a share basis throughout the city. In parts of the city, cycle rickshaws offer short trips. To ease traffic jams, over-bridges at major road junctions and expansion of roads are under construction. In a study of six cities in India, Bhubaneswar was ranked third concerning pedestrian infrastructure. The city scored 50 points out of a maximum of 100.


Railway Station

Bhubaneswar has the following stations: The East Coast Railway has its headquarters in Bhubaneswar.
Bhubaneswar railway station Bhubaneswar Railway Station (BBS) serves Bhubaneswar, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha and it is the headquarters of the East Coast Railway zone of the Indian Railways. History During the period 1893 to 1896, 800 miles of East Coast St ...
is one of the main stations of the Indian railway network. It is connected to major cities by daily express and passenger trains and daily service to all metro cities is available from here. However, the station is overloaded by existing traffic. Currently, the station has six platforms. There are plans to add two more platforms. A satellite station New Bhubaneswar railway station is opened near Barang in July 2018 to decongest the existing installation.


Airport

Biju Patnaik International Airport Biju Patnaik International Airport is an international airport serving Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha. It is situated around south-west from Bhubaneswar Railway Station and from the city center. Named after the former chief minist ...
(
IATA The International Air Transport Association (IATA ) is a trade association of the world's airlines founded in 1945. IATA has been described as a cartel since, in addition to setting technical standards for airlines, IATA also organized tariff ...
: BBI, 
ICAO The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO, ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that coordinates the principles and techniques of international air navigation, and fosters the planning and development of international a ...
: VEBS) also known as Bhubaneswar Airport, south of the city centre, is the major and sole international airport in Odisha. There are daily domestic flights from Bhubaneswar to Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Vishakhapatnam, Chennai and Bangalore.The major carriers from Bhubaneswar are Indigo, Vistara,
AirAsia Berhad Capital A Berhad, () operating as AirAsia (stylized as ''airasia'') is a Malaysian multinational low-cost airline headquartered near Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the largest airline in Malaysia by fleet size and destinations. AirAsia operate ...
, AirAsia India and Air India. In March 2013, a new domestic terminal with a capacity of handling 30 million passengers per year was inaugurated to handle increased air traffic. On 10 July 2015, the first international flight took off from terminal 2 of
Biju Patnaik International Airport Biju Patnaik International Airport is an international airport serving Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha. It is situated around south-west from Bhubaneswar Railway Station and from the city center. Named after the former chief minist ...
.


Culture

Bhubaneswar is supposed to have had over one thousand temples, earning the tag of the 'Temple City of India'. Temples are made in the Kalinga architectural style with a pine spire that curves up to a point over the sanctum housing the presiding deity and a pyramid-covered hall where people sit and pray. Famous temples include
Lingaraja Temple Lingaraja Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha, India. The temple is the most prominent landmark of Bhubaneswar city and one of the major tourist ...
, Muktesvara Temple,
Rajarani Temple Rajarani Temple is an 11th-century Hindu temple located in Bhubaneswar, the capital city of Odisha (Orissa previously), India. Overview The temple is believed to have been known originally as Indreswara. It is locally known as a "love temple" ...
,
Ananta Vasudeva Temple Ananta Vasudeva Temple ("Temple of the Infinite Vāsudeva", Odia:ଅନନ୍ତ ବାସୁଦେବ ମନ୍ଦିର) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Krishna, an ''avatar'' of Vishnu located in Bhubaneswar, the state capital of Odisha, Ind ...
. The
Kukutesvara Siva Temple The Kukutesvara Siva Temple or Kukutesvara Temple is a small, 1000-year-old shrine to Shiva located in the "Temple City of India" Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, Orissa. History The Kukutesvara Siva temple was constructed during the rule of the ...
is a small, 1000-year-old shrine to Shiva. The twin hills of Khandagiri and Udayagiri, served as the site of an ancient Jaina monastery which was carved into cave-like chambers in the face of the hill. These caves, with artistic carvings, date back to the 2nd century BCE.
Dhauli Dhauli or Dhauligiri is a hill located on the banks of the river Daya River, Daya, 8 km south of Bhubaneswar in Odisha, India. Significance Dhauli known for "Dhauli Santi Stupa", a peace pagoda monument which witnesses the great Kalinga ...
hills has major edicts of Ashoka engraved on a mass of rock and a white
Peace Pagoda A Peace Pagoda is a Buddhist stupa; a monument to inspire peace, designed to provide a focus for people of all races and creeds, and to help unite them in their search for world peace. Most, though not all, peace pagodas built since World War II ...
was built by the Japan Buddha Sangha and the Kalinga Nippon Buddha Sangha in the 1970s. Apart from the ancient temples, other important temples were built in recent times include Ram Mandir and ISKCON. Bhubaneswar along with Cuttack is the home of the Odia cinema industry, dubbed " Ollywood", where most of the state's film studios are situated. Odia culture survives in the form of Classical Odissi dance, handicrafts, sand artistry and sculpturing as well as theatre and music. Boundary walls and gardens are increasingly being redone to depict the folk art of the state. Odissi, the oldest of the eight surviving classical dance forms of India can be traced from archaeological evidence from the temples in Bhubaneswar.


Odissi dance

Odissi dance is generally accompanied by Odissi music. Srjan, the Odissi dance academy founded by Guru Kelucharan Mohapatra, the legendary Odissi dancer is found here. The Rabindra Mandapa in central Bhubaneswar plays host to cultural engagements, theatre and private functions.


Dress and attire

Though Odia women traditionally wear the sari,
shalwar kameez Shalwar kameez (also salwar kameez and less commonly shalwar qameez) is a traditional combination dress worn by women, and in some regions by men, in South Asia, and Central Asia. ''Shalwars'' are trousers which are atypically wide at the wa ...
and of late, Western attire is gaining acceptance among younger women. Western-style dress has greater acceptance among men, although the traditional dhoti and kurta are seen during festivals. The
Odisha State Museum Odisha State Museum is a museum in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. In its original form it was established in 1932 and later moved to the current building in 1960. The museum is divided into eleven sections, viz, Archaeology, Epigraphy, Numismatics, Armory ...
offers archaeological artefacts, weapons, local arts and crafts as well as insights into Odisha's natural and indigenous history. The
Tribal Research Institute Museum Tribal Research Institute Museum, Museum of Tribal Arts and Artifacts, is a museum in Bhubaneswar, Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8 ...
hosts authentic tribal dwellings created by tribal craftsmen.
Nandankanan Zoological Park Nandankanan Zoological Park is a zoo and botanical garden in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Established in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009. ...
, located on the northern outskirt of the city, is India's first zoo to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. The State Botanical Garden (Odisha) and Regional Plant Resource Center, popularly known as ''
Ekamra Kanan Ekamra Kanan or Ekamra Kanan Botanical Gardens is a botanical garden and a park located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. This is the biggest park and one of the most popular tourist attractions in the city. The park was established in 1985 and is sp ...
'', a park and botanical garden, has a large collection of exotic and regional fauna. The ''Ekamra Haat'' is a hand-loom and handicrafts market. Nicco Park and Ocean World are amusement parks. Other museums include
Pathani Samanta Planetarium Pathani Samanta Planetarium is a planetarium in the city of Bhubaneswar in India named after astronomer Pathani Samanta. It was founded for creating awareness about astronomy . It carries on activities like night sky viewing, audio visual pro ...
, Regional Museum of Natural History, Regional Science Center and State Handicrafts Museum.


Festivals

On the day of Ashokashtami in the month of March or April, the image of Lingaraja (Shiva) and other deities are taken in a procession from Lingaraja Temple to the Mausima Temple, where the deities remain for four days. Hundreds of devotees participate in pulling the temple car that carries the deities, known as ''Rukuna Ratha''. Ratha-Yatra, "Temple Car Festival," is the most important festival in Odisha and Bhubaneswar. The festival commemorates Jagannatha, who is said to have been the incarnation of India's revered deities, Vishnu and Krishna. Durga Puja, held in September–October, is an occasion for glamorous celebrations. As a part of the Ekamra Festival, many cultural sub-festivals take place in January in Bhubaneswar which include Kalinga Mahotsaba (for traditional martial arts), Dhauli-Kalinga Mahotsaba (for classical dance forms), Rajarani Music Festival (for classical music) and Mukteswara Dance Festival (for Odishi dance). Residents engage in ''khattis'', or leisurely chats, that often take the form of freestyle intellectual conversation. Other festivals celebrated include Shivaratri,
Diwali Diwali (), Dewali, Divali, or Deepavali ( IAST: ''dīpāvalī''), also known as the Festival of Lights, related to Jain Diwali, Bandi Chhor Divas, Tihar, Swanti, Sohrai, and Bandna, is a religious celebration in Indian religions. It is ...
, Ganesha Chaturthi, Nuakhai and Saraswati Puja. Eid and Christmas are celebrated by the religious minorities in the city. The Adivasi Mela, held in January, is a fair that displays the art, artefacts, tradition, culture, and music of the tribal inhabitants of Odisha. The Toshali National Crafts Mela, held in December, showcases handicrafts from all over India and from foreign countries. Other important fairs in the city include the Rajdhani Book Fair, Dot Fest and Khandagiri Utsav. Two international literary festivals are held in the city,
Kalinga Literary Festival The Kalinga Literary Festival ( Odia: କଳିଙ୍ଗ ସାହିତ୍ୟ ମହୋତ୍ସବ), also known as KLF, is a literary festival which takes place annually in the Indian city Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Rashmi Ranjan Parida is the founder ...
and
Mystic Kalinga Festival A mystic is a person who practices mysticism, or a reference to a mystery, mystic craft, first hand-experience or the occult. Mystic may also refer to: Places United States * Mistick, an old name for parts of Malden and Medford, Massachusetts ...
. In modern times Bhubaneswar hosts a literary festival, the Odisha Literary Fest.


Cuisine

Key elements of the city's cuisine include rice and a fish curry known as '' Machha Jhola'', which can be accompanied by desserts such as
Rasagola Rasgulla, also known as rasagola, rosogola or rosogolla, is a syrupy dessert popular in the Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent. It is made from ball-shaped dumplings of chhena and semolina dough, cooked in light sugar syrup made of su ...
,
Rasabali Rasabali (, IAST: rasābaḷi) is a sweet dish from Odisha, India. Rasabali is offered to Baladevjew, and originated in the Baladevjew Temple of Kendrapara. It is one of the Chapana bhoga of Jagannath temple. It consists of deep fried flattene ...
,
Chhena Gaja Chhena gaja () is a sweet dish from Odisha, India. Unlike some other popular chhena-based Odia desserts, such as rasagola, which have spread throughout India, the chhena gaja remains largely popular within the state itself. Although the ingredi ...
, Chhena Jhilli and Chhena Poda. Odisha's large repertoire of seafood dishes includes various preparations of lobsters and crabs brought in from
Chilika Lake Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, khordha and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal, covering an area of over . It is the bigge ...
. Street foods such as ''
gupchup Panipuri (originally known as ''jalapatra'' from Mahabharata times) (), phuchka (), gupchup, golgappa, or ''pani ke patashe'' is a type of snack originating in the Indian subcontinent, where it is an extremely common street food. Ingredients ...
'' (a deep-fried crêpe, stuffed with a mix of mashed potatoes and boiled yellow peas, and dipped in tamarind-infused water), ''cuttack-chaat'', '' dahibara aloo dum'' (a deep-fried doughnut-shaped lentil dumpling marinated in yogurt-infused water and served alongside potato curry) and ''bara-ghuguni'' are sold all over the city. Traditional Oriya food such as '' dahi-pakhala'' (rice soaked in water with yogurt and seasonings) which is considered as a body coolant, accompanied by ''badi chura'' or ''saga'' are consumed during the months of April–June. The ''abadha'' of
Lingaraja Temple Lingaraja Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva and is one of the oldest temples in Bhubaneswar, the capital of the Indian state of Odisha, India. The temple is the most prominent landmark of Bhubaneswar city and one of the major tourist ...
and
Ananta Vasudeva Temple Ananta Vasudeva Temple ("Temple of the Infinite Vāsudeva", Odia:ଅନନ୍ତ ବାସୁଦେବ ମନ୍ଦିର) is a Hindu temple dedicated to Krishna, an ''avatar'' of Vishnu located in Bhubaneswar, the state capital of Odisha, Ind ...
served for devotees is considered a vegetarian culinary delight. Other vegetarian dishes are Dalma (made of lentils and vegetables boiled together and then fried with other spices) and
Santula Santula () is a vegetable dish from the state of Odisha in eastern India. It can be either fried (''bhaja santula'') or boiled (''sijha santula''). Ingredients include potatoes, brinjal, papaya, pumpkin and tomato, which are first boiled togeth ...
(lightly spiced steamed vegetables).


Sports

Bhubaneswar's major sporting arena is the Kalinga Stadium, having facilities for athletics,
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly c ...
, hockey, basketball, tennis, table tennis and swimming. It is known for hosting the Odisha Hockey World Cup in November–December 2018.
Kalinga Lancers Kalinga Lancers (abbreviated as KAL) is a field hockey team based in Bhubaneswar, Odisha that plays in the Hockey India League. It is jointly owned by Odisha Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (IDCO) and Mahanadi Coalfield Limit ...
, the sixth franchise of Hockey India League and Odisha FC, a club of Indian Super League, are based in Bhubaneswar with Kalinga Stadium as their home ground.
East Coast Railway Stadium East Coast Railway Stadium is a cricket stadium in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It hosts Ranji Trophy, and other matches. History The present stadium was built across an area of over 22 acres at a cost of Rs 6 crore. The stadium has four turfs for pr ...
, a prominent
cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striki ...
stadium hosts
Ranji Trophy The Ranji Trophy (also known as Mastercard Ranji Trophy for sponsorship reasons) is a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between multiple teams representing regional and state cricket associations. Board of Control for Cr ...
and other matches.
Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre Odisha Naval Tata Hockey High Performance Centre (ONTH-HPC) is a professional field hockey institute located at Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It was launched on 13 August 2019 after Government of Odisha, Tata Steel & Tata Trusts ...
, a hockey academy for sub-junior and junior category, has also been set up at Kalinga Stadium after Government of Odisha, Tata Steel & Tata Trusts (Hockey Ace foundation) joined hands to initiate a three-pronged program under the HPC banner of Government of Odisha. The construction of a gallery and stadium renovation is under way. An air-conditioned indoor stadium, with a capacity of 2000 spectators for badminton, volleyball, basketball and table tennis games is also being constructed.
Barabati Stadium The Barabati Stadium is an Indian sports stadium used mostly for cricket and association football, and also sometimes for concerts and field hockey, located in Cuttack, Odisha. It is a regular venue for international cricket and is the home gro ...
in Cuttack, Odisha's only venue for international cricket matches, is located around away. Bhubaneswar has a franchise of Odisha Premier League, Bhubaneswar Jaguars, which started in 2010.
Bhubaneswar Golf Club Bhubaneswar Golf Club is a nine-hole golf course is situated in the Infocity area of Bhubaneswar, Odisha Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th ...
, a nine-hole golf course is situated in Infocity. The Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Stadium commonly
KIIT Stadium Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), formerly KIIT University, is a private deemed university located in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. It primarily emphasizes on higher education and research in engineering and science. It offers 3 ...
is a new multipurpose stadium located as a part of Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology University Campus or KIIT University in Bhubaneswar with a capacity of 40,000 currently. The
2017 Asian Athletics Championships The 2017 Asian Athletics Championships was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 6 to 9 July 2017 at the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar, India. Bhubaneswar was the third Indian city to host Asian Championships. ...
was the 22nd edition of the Asian Athletics Championships. It was held from 6–9 July 2017 at the Kalinga Stadium. Bhubaneswar is the third Indian city to host the Asian Athletics Championships, with Delhi being the first, in 1989, and Pune, the second, in 2013. Bhubaneswar is emerging as the new sports capital of India, as the FIH and the IOA president, Narindar Batra, recently stated in a ceremony, while unveiling the new logo for the Indian hockey team jersey, which is sponsored by the government of Odisha. The state, Batra mentioned, provides equal importance and opportunity for all sports such as cricket, football, field hockey, tennis, badminton, chess and many more.


Media

The city's widely circulated Odia-language newspapers are ''
Sambad Sambad is an Indian newspaper of Odia language which is published daily from Bhubaneswar, Odisha. It is one of the largest circulated Odia newspapers in Odisha. It is published from the capital city of Bhubaneswar, as well as from Cuttack, Berha ...
'', ''
Dharitri ''Dharitri'' is a social satire drama in Odia, released on 30 March 1973. It is based on Amulya Kumari Patnaik's novel of the same name. Sarat Pujari, Prashant Nanda, Sriram Panda, Bhanumati Devi and Dhira Biswal acted in key roles. Synopsis Gi ...
'', '' Pragatibadi'', ''
Samaja ''The Samaja'' is an Odia daily newspaper published in Cuttack, Odisha, India; started in 1919, it is one of the oldest papers in India. Gopabandhu Das, a prominent freedom fighter and social worker started it as a weekly from Satyabadi in Pur ...
'', News 7, Argus, ''Khabara'', ''Orissa Bhaskara'', ''
Prameya The Prameya (ପ୍ରମେୟ), a newspaper published in the Odia language, is the third-most read newspaper in Oriya (after Sambad and Samaja). In 2015 it launched its own TV channel, Prameya News7 Prameya News7 is an Odia language 24-hour c ...
'' and '' Samaya''. ''Orissa Post'' and ''Odia Age'' are the English-language newspaper that is produced and published from Bhubaneswar. Other popular English-language newspapers published and sold in Bhubaneswar include '' The Times of India'', ''
The Statesman A statesman or stateswoman typically is a politician who has had a long and respected political career at the national or international level. Statesman or Statesmen may also refer to: Newspapers United States * ''The Statesman'' (Oregon), a n ...
'', '' Hindustan Times'', ''
The Hindu ''The Hindu'' is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Hindu Group, headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It began as a weekly in 1878 and became a daily in 1889. It is one of the Indian newspapers of record and the secon ...
'', '' The Indian Express'' and the '' Asian Age''. Bhubaneswar has substantial circulation of financial dailies, including '' The Economic Times'', '' The Financial Express'', '' Business Line'' and '' Business Standard''. Vernacular newspapers, such as those in the Hindi,
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
and
Telugu Telugu may refer to: * Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of India *Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India * Telugu script, used to write the Telugu language ** Telugu (Unicode block), a block of Telugu characters in Unicode S ...
languages are read by minorities. Major periodicals based in Bhubaneswar include ''Saptahika Samaya'', ''Saptahika Samaja'' and ''
Kadambini ''Kadambini'' was a noted Hindi-language literary monthly magazine from Delhi-based Hindustan Times Media. Established in 1960, it covers a wide range of subjects including literature, science, history, sociology, politics, films and sports. ...
''. All India Radio, the national state-owned radio broadcaster, airs several AM channels from the radio station located in Cuttack. Bhubaneswar has five local radio stations broadcasting on FM, including two from AIR. India's state-owned television broadcaster Doordarshan Odia provides two free-to-air terrestrial channels, while a mix of
Odia Odia, also spelled Oriya or Odiya, may refer to: * Odia people in Odisha, India * Odia language, an Indian language, belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family * Odia alphabet, a writing system used for the Odia languag ...
, Hindi, English and other regional channels are accessible via cable subscription and direct-broadcast satellite services. Some of the Odia language television channels are Sidarth TV, Manjari,
Colors Odia Viacom18 Media Private Limited is an Indian media and entertainment joint venture between TV18 and Paramount Global based in Mumbai. It was founded in 2007 and owns various channels, as well as content production studios in India. History In ...
, Sarthak TV and
Tarang TV Tarang Television, commonly known as Tarang TV is an Odia-language based general entertainment television channel. Based in Bhubaneswar, India, it is owned by Odisha Television Ltd. Tarang is a digitally encrypted 24x7 Odia entertainment chann ...
. Odia-language 24-hour television news channels include
News 7 is the early evening news program broadcast domestically on NHK General TV and internationally on NHK World Premium. It has been on the air daily since April 5, 1993, from 7:00pm to 7:30pm (Japan Standard Time, JST).Odisha TV Odisha TV or OTV ( or, ଓଡ଼ିଶା ଟିଭି) is an Odia Indian Cable Television station. It is owned by the Bhubaneswar-based Odisha Television Network. It was started and promoted by Jagi Mangat Panda. Odisha Television (OTV) is the ...
,
Kanak TV Kanak News is an Odia language cable and satellite news channel in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. This channel was launched in 2009 as Kanak TV. Its headquarters is in Bhubaneswar and is operated by Eastern Media Pvt. Limited. Kanak News Channel add ...
,
ETV News Odia News18 Odia is an Odia news channel. It is owned by Network 18, which launched on May 4, 2015. Its tagline is `News is Life’. ETV News Odia is a part of the ETV News Network, one of the largest satellite television channels in India. ETV New ...
, MBC TV and
Naxatra News Naxatra News, the news and current affairs channel on Odisha, is the first 24-hour news channel of ''NK Media Ventures''. It was set up in 2009 in Bhubaneswar and is the first 24-hour Oriya current affairs and news channel in Odisha. Promoted ...
.


Notable people

The following are some of the notable people associated (i.e. either born or spent a significant part of their life) with Bhubaneswar: *
Subroto Bagchi Subroto Bagchi (born 31 May 1959) is an Indian entrepreneur and business leader. He is the co-founder of Mindtree, an Indian technology MNC. He has autobiographed his life story in his book ''Go Kiss the World''. Early life and education Bagch ...
*
Ranjib Biswal Ranjib Biswal (born 21 September 1970) is a former Indian cricketer and the former Chairman of Indian Premier League. He played domestic cricket for the Odisha and represented India in Under-19 cricket, Captaining the side against Pakistan in fo ...
* Dutee Chand * Nabakrushna Choudhuri *
Ileana Citaristi Ileana Citaristi is an Italian-born Indian Odissi and Chhau dancer, and dance instructor based in Bhubaneswar, India. She was awarded the 43rd National Film Awards for Best Choreography for ''Yugant'' in 1995 and became, in 2006, the first danc ...
*
Bidhu Bhusan Das Bidhu Bhusan Das, also spelled Bidhubhusan Das (11 April 1922 – 2 June 1999), was a public intellectual, educator, professor, senior government official, and university president/Vice Chancellor from India. Background and education Bidhubh ...
*
Prabhat Nalini Das Prabhat Nalini Das (19 December 1927 – 14 November 2018) was an Indian public intellectual, academic and university president. She served as a professor of English and head of the English Department at Lady Shri Ram College, Delhi University; I ...
* Pankaj Charan Das *
J. B. S. Haldane John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (; 5 November 18921 December 1964), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics. With innovative use of statistics in biolog ...
* Baidyanath Misra *
B. K. Misra Dr. Basant Kumar Misra is a neurosurgeon specialising in treating brain, spine, cerebrovascular and peripheral nervous system disorders, injuries, pathologies and malformations. He is the Vice-President of the World Federation of Neurosurgical ...
*
Bhubaneswar Mishra Bhubaneswar Mishra (born 9 November 1961) is an Indian American computer scientist and professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University. He is known for his applied contributions to bioinformatics, cybersec ...
* Bijay Mohanty * Debashish Mohanty *
Gopinath Mohanty Gopinath Mohanty (1914–1991), winner of the Jnanpith award, and the first winner of the National Sahitya Akademi Award in 1955 – for his novel, ''Amrutara Santana'' – was a prolific Odia writer of the mid-twentieth century. Satya Pra ...
*
Saraju Mohanty Saraju Mohanty is an American professor of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, and the director of the Smart Electronic Systems Laboratory, at the University of North Texas in Denton, Texas. Mohanty received a Glorious India Aw ...
*
Uttam Mohanty Uttam Mohanty is an Indian actor who has to his credit more than 135 Odia films to date and has acted in 30 Bengali films and in a Hindi film '' Naya Zaher''. Early life Uttam Mohanty was born and brought up at Baripada in Odisha. His grandfa ...
*
Bibhu Mohapatra Bibhu Mohapatra (born 7 June 1972 in Rourkela, Odisha, India) is a New York-based fashion designer and costume designer. Early life and education Mohapatra grew up in Rourkela, Odisha, on the East Coast of India. As a young child, his mother ...
* Kelucharan Mohapatra * Mira Nair *
Oopali Operajita Oopalee Operajita (also spelled Oopali Operajita), is a classical Odissi and Bharatanatyam dancer and choreographer. As well as the chair and founder of the Al Gore Sustainable Technology Venture Competition. The competition is named for former ...
*
Sanjukta Panigrahi Sanjukta Panigrahi (24 August 1944 – 24 June 1997) was a dancer from India, who was the foremost exponent of Indian classical dance Odissi. Sanjukta was the first Odia woman to embrace this ancient classical dance at an early age and ensure ...
*
Ramesh Chandra Parida Ramesh Chndra Parida is a retired Professor of Chemistry, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. He is an acclaimed popular science writer in Odia literature. Early life and edu ...
* Prasanna Kumar Patasani * Biju Patnaik *
Janaki Ballabh Patnaik Janaki Ballabh Patnaik (3 January 1927 – 21 April 2015) was an Indian politician who had been Governor of Assam from 2009 to 2014. A leader of the Indian National Congress, he was Chief Minister of Odisha from 1980 to 1989 and again from 1995 ...
* Naveen Patnaik * Sudarsan Pattnaik * Rakesh Pradhan *
Trilochan Pradhan Trilochan Pradhan (3 January 1929 – 4 December 2021) was an Indian scientist. Career Pradhan obtained his PhD from the University of Chicago in 1956. He headed the Theoretical Nuclear Physics Division at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics ...
*
Biswa Kalyan Rath Biswa Kalyan Rath is an Indian stand-up comedian, writer and YouTuber. He is from Odisha. He came into prominence through the YouTube comedy series, ''Pretentious Movie Reviews'' with fellow comedian Kanan Gill. He played a supporting role in ...
*
Mahasweta Ray Mahasweta Ray is an Indian actress and television personality who is known for her work in Odia films and soap operas. Her numerous accolades include record 8 Odisha State Film Awards. Biography Ray was born in an academic family (Rajkishore Ra ...
*
Tandra Ray Tandra Ray is an Indian actress in the Odia film industry. She worked in Odia-language films during the 1980s and 1990s. She is married to Bijay Mohanty. Her first film was "Chilika Tire" opposite Bijay Mohanty. Filmography # 2013 Daha Balu ...
*
Archita Sahu Archita Sahu is an Indian actress, model, and television personality with an established career in Odia Films. She was runner-up in the 2013 Femina Miss India, Kolkata. Her numerous accolades as an actress include four Odisha State Film Award ...
*
Salabega Salabega (, 1607/1608 –?) was an Odia religious poet of India in the early 17th century who wrote Jagannatha bhajans. He was Muslim by birth but his devotion for the Hindu God made Lord Jagannath stop his Ratha Jātrā (Rath Yatra) in Odi ...
* Achyuta Samanta *
Pathani Samanta Mahamahopadhyaya Chandrasekhara Singha Harichandana Mahapatra Samanta ( Odia: ମହାମହୋପାଧ୍ୟାୟ ଚନ୍ଦ୍ରଶେଖର ସିଂହ ହରିଚନ୍ଦନ ମହାପାତ୍ର ସାମନ୍ତ), better known a ...
*
Helen Spurway Helen Spurway (12 June 1915 – 15 February 1978) was a British biologist and the second wife of J. B. S. Haldane. She emigrated to India in 1957 along with him and conducted research in field biology with Krishna Dronamraju, Suresh Jayakar, and ot ...
*
Mayadhar Swain Mayadhar Swain is an Odia writer from Odisha, India. Early life and education Mayadhar Swain was born on 8 February 1956 in the village Baselihata of Cuttack district in the state of Odisha, India. He passed matriculation from a rural school, ...


Sister cities

* Cupertino, California, United States (16 August 2011) * Bloemfontein, South Africa


See also

* Bhubaneswar ITIR *
Chari Kshetra Chari Kshetra (literally ''four holy regions'') is a group of four holy regions in Odisha. When Vishnu killed the demon Gayasura, to commemorate the glory of his victory, he placed his ''Sankha'' (conch) in Puri, ''Chakra'' (disc) in Bhubaneswar, ...
*
Ghanteswara Siva Temple Ghanteswara Siva Temple is located in the Kapileswara precinct. The enshrined deity is a Siva-lingam over a square yonipitha made of laterite. The temple has a vimana in pidha order. It is triratha on plan. The temple is facing towards west. Th ...
*
List of neighbourhoods in Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar is the capital of the Indian state of Odisha. The city has a long history of over 2000 years starting with Chhedi dynasty (around 2nd century BCE) who had Sisupalgarh near present-day Bhubaneswar as their capital. Historically Bhuban ...
*
List of parks in Bhubaneswar The below is a list of parks in Bhubaneswar. Many of them are maintained by the Bhubaneswar Development Authority: * Biju Patanaik Park (formerly Forest Park) * Budha Jayanti Park * Ekamra Kanan (Cactus Garden) * Forest Park * Mahatma Gandhi P ...
*
List of temples in Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar is the capital city of Odisha, India. It was the ancient capital of the Kalinga Empire and the architectural legacy of the period is its greatest attraction. There are many sites in the city that testify the importance of the regio ...
*
List of twin towns and sister cities in India This is a list of places in India which have standing links to local communities in other countries known as "town twinning" (usually in Europe) or "sister cities" (usually in the rest of the world). A Agra * Petra, Jordan * Tempe, United ...
*
Markandeshwar Siva Temple Markandesvara Siva Temple was constructed by Kesaris to commemorate the visit of sage Markandeya, same as the Samesvara Siva temple. It is an abandoned temple and is facing towards the east. However at the center of the sanctum there is a Siva- ...
*
Nandankanan Zoological Park Nandankanan Zoological Park is a zoo and botanical garden in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Established in 1960, it was opened to the public in 1979 and became the first zoo in India to join World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) in 2009. ...
*
Sahadevesvara Siva Temple 1. Name: i) Present Name: Sahadevesvara Siva Temple ii) Past Name: — 2. Location: Lat- 20 14' 22" N., Long- 850 49' 27" E., Elev 124 ft i) Address & Approach: The temple is situated within the Bhimesvara temple precinct. The temple is f ...
* Sankarananda Matha


References


External links

* * *
Ekamra Kshetra – The Temple City, Bhubaneswar
UNESCO World Heritage Centre {{Authority control Smart cities in India Planned cities in India Cities and towns in Khordha district Populated places established in 1948