Kledering Zentralverschiebebahnhof in 2011

The Austrian Federal Railways (german: Österreichische Bundesbahnen, formally (lit. "Austrian Federal Railways Holding Stock Company") and formerly the or ''BBÖ''), now commonly known as ÖBB, is the national railway company of Austria, and the administrator of Liechtenstein's railways. The ÖBB group is owned entirely by the Republic of Austria, and is divided into several separate businesses that manage the infrastructure and operate passenger and freight services. The Austrian Federal Railways has had two discrete periods of existence. It was first formed in 1923, using the ''Bundesbahn Österreich'' name, as a successor to the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways (kkStB), but was incorporated into the '' Deutsche Reichsbahn'' during the 1938–1945 Anschluss. It was reformed in 1947, under the slightly different name ''Österreichische Bundesbahnen'', and remains in existence in this form. Major changes currently being made to the Austrian railway network are the construction of the Koralm Railway, the Semmering Base Tunnel and the Brenner Base Tunnel connection with Italy. Eurobarometer surveys conducted in 2018 showed that satisfaction levels of Austrian rail passengers are among the highest in the European Union when it comes to punctuality, reliability and frequency of trains. Furthermore, with their ''NightJet'' brand, ÖBB operates Europe's largest night train fleet. Unlike other major railway companies in Europe that offer more flexible cancellation policies, ÖBB only offers two types of tickets: full-price tickets, and cheaper but non-exchangeable and non-refundable tickets.

History

*1882 – Gradual nationalisation of the railway network of the

Austro-Hungarian Empire Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...

into the Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways (''Kaiserlich-königliche österreichische Staatsbahnen'', kkStB). By the outbreak of the World War I, the only major railway in Austria to remain in private hands was the

Austrian Southern Railway The Austrian Southern Railway (german: link=no, Österreichische Südbahn) is a long double track railway, which linked the capital Vienna with Trieste, former main seaport of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, by railway for the first time. It now ...

(''Südbahn''). * 1918 – After the break-up of the Austro-Hungarian Empire following the World War I, the Austrian rump of kkStB remained in state control under the name ''Deutschösterreichische Staatsbahnen'' (DÖStB), which was renamed the ''Österreichische Staatsbahnen'' (ÖStB) in 1919. * 1923 – Foundation of the independent, commercial enterprise, the ''Bundesbahn Österreich'' (which used the abbreviation BBÖ, because ÖBB was already taken by the

Swiss Swiss may refer to: * the adjectival form of Switzerland * Swiss people Places * Swiss, Missouri * Swiss, North Carolina *Swiss, West Virginia * Swiss, Wisconsin Other uses *Swiss-system tournament, in various games and sports *Swiss Internation ...

'' Oensingen-Balsthal-Bahn''). This company took over the assets of the ÖStB and the ''Südbahn'', together with other minor railways. * 1938 – The Anschluss of Austria into the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

. The BBÖ was taken over by the Deutsche Reichsbahn. During World War II about 41% of the Austrian railway network was destroyed. * 1947 – The company was reformed using the slightly different name of ''Österreichische Bundesbahnen'' and the abbreviation ÖBB (by that time the Swiss private railway used the abbreviation SP for its goods wagons in international traffic, so its abbreviation ÖBB could now be appropriated) as a state-owned company. Their infrastructure was rebuilt and electrification was accelerated. * 1969 – A new federal railway law was enacted. The ÖBB became a non-independent, economic entity, that was run as a branch of the government's industrial programme and remained entirely within the Federal budget. * 1992 – The ÖBB were broken out of the federal budget and turned into company with its own legal status (a cross between a ''GmbH'' and an ''AG'' in Austrian commercial terms). The company is 100% owned by the Republic of Austria. This change had two primary aims: 1. It had to conform to EU rules on the admission of Austria into the European Union. 2. The financial demand on the public purse was to be reduced as a result of improvements in efficiency and the pressure of competition. * 2004 – The ÖBB were reorganised into ÖBB Holding AG and a number of operating subsidiaries. The holding company was to oversee the operations of the companies assigned to it, coordinate a coherent strategic approach and allocate tasks for the whole enterprise. * 1 January 2005 – The subsidiaries of ÖBB-Holding AG became autonomous and independent operationally. * In 2012, ÖBB celebrated the 175th anniversary of the '' Nordbahn'', the earliest predecessor company marking the start of rail transport in Austria. ÖBB CEO Christian Kern inaugurated an exhibition on the company's collaboration with Nazi Germany, named "The Suppressed Years – Railway and National Socialism in Austria 1938–1945". He referred to that period as "the darkest chapter of our company history," adding that the company must accept this period as part of its legacy. The exhibition later went on tour and was presented at the European Parliament's Espace Léopold, parliamentary building in Brussels. The Austrian rail system is largely electrified. Electrification of the system began in 1912 but did not reach an advanced state until the 1950s. The last steam locomotive in regular service on the standard gauge network was retired in 1978. The post-war laws related to the Austrian railways were the: * ''Eisenbahngesetz'' (EisbG 1957), * ''Schieneninfrastrukturfinanzierungsgesetz'' (SCHIG 1999), * ''Eisenbahnhochleistungsstreckengesetz'' (HIG 1999) and * ''Bundesbahngesetz'' (1992).

Logo history

File:2018-05-21 (205) Front of 1099.06 at Bahnhof Kirchberg an der Pielach, Austria.jpg, ÖBB's first logo. It consists of a flying wheel-styled symbol with one "B" on each side of the "Ö", and was used from 1960 to 1974. File:ÖBB Logo Pflatsch neu.svg, ÖBB's second logo consists of a stylized "O" symbol with extending arrows. Within Austria it was nicknamed the "" (lit. spatter, spot), and was officially used from 1974 to 2004, although some stations and vehicles used it up to the mid-late 2010s. It continued to be used when ÖBB's current logo was introduced in 1998. File:Aufkleber 150 J Eisenbahn Oesterreich.jpg, This is a special variant of the "Pflatsch" logo, created in 1987 for the 150th anniversary of railway in Austria. File:OeBB Logo 1998.svg, This combination of the old "Pflatsch" logo and a new ÖBB stylized text was rarely used due to the former's popularity within Austria. It was in use between 1998 and 2004. File:Logo ÖBB.svg, The current ÖBB logo, used since 1998.

Current structure

By a law of August 2009, the organisational structure dating from 2005 was further modified; the railways are under the control of ''ÖBB-Holding AG'', a holding company wholly owned by the Austrian state, under the Ministry of Transport (Austria), Ministry of Transport.: The holding company has a number of subsidiaries: * ''ÖBB-Holding AG'' ** ''ÖBB-Personenverkehr AG'' (Passenger transport) *** ''Postbus#Austria, ÖBB-Postbus GmbH'' *** ''ÖBB-Produktion GmbH'' (50% shares) *** ''ÖBB-Technische Services GmbH'' (75% shares) (railroad vehicle maintenance) *** ''Rail Tours Touristik GmbH'' *** '' GmbH'' (mobile app developer) *** ''ÖV Ticketshop GmbH'' (online ticket distributor) ** ''Rail Cargo Austria, Rail Cargo Austria AG (RCA)'' (Freight transport) *** ''Rail Cargo Hungaria Zrt.'' *** ''ÖBB-Produktion GmbH'' (50% shares) *** ''ÖBB-Technische Services GmbH'' (25% shares) *** ''Rail Cargo Logistics – Austria GmbH'' *** ''Rail Cargo Carrier Kft.'' *** ''Rail Cargo Operator - CSKD s.r.o'' ** ''ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG'' (Infrastructure planning, management, and construction) *** ''ÖBB-Immobilienmanagement GmbH'' *** ''Mungos Sicher & Sauber GmbH'' (Security and Cleaning) *** ''Rail Equipment GmbH'' *** ''WS Service GmbH'' (51% shares) *** ''Brenner Base Tunnel, Brenner Basistunnel BBT SE (50% shares) *** ''Weichenwerk Wörth GmbH'' (43.05% shares) *** ''Breitspur Planungsgesellschaft mbH'' (25% shares) ** ''ÖBB-Business Competence Center GmbH'' ** ''ÖBB-Werbung GmbH'' ** ''ÖBB-Finanzierungsservice GmbH''

Infrastructure

The infrastructure of the state-owned Austrian network is managed by ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG, which was formed from former infrastructure-related units including Brenner Eisenbahn GmbH. It now manages 9,740 km of track, 788 signal boxes, 247 tunnels, 6,207 bridges and eight Hydroelectricity, hydro-electric power (hep) stations for the 16.7 Hz electrification system, and two hep stations for 50 Hz power generation. As of 2009 it employed 17,612 staff.

Statistics

According to the Annual Report 2013, the company employs 39,513, there of 13,599 employees, 24,251 tenured employees and 1,663 apprentices. In 2013, ÖBB-Personenverkehr AG carried 469 million passengers of which 235 million were bus passengers. The ÖBB has *4,859 km (3,020 route miles); 72% electrified *1,128 train stations *1,093 locomotives *2,799 passenger vehicles *26,518 freight wagons *2,200 busses *ÖBB's bus services travel per year.

Principal Lines

* Western Railway (Austria), Western Railway from Wien Westbahnhof via St. Pölten Hauptbahnhof and Linz Hauptbahnhof to Salzburg Hauptbahnhof, including a parallel high-speed rail section ("New Western Railway") from Wien Meidling railway station to Linz * Southern Railway (Austria), Southern Railway from Wien Hauptbahnhof/Wien Meidling to Graz Hauptbahnhof, including the Semmering railway section – a UNESCO World Heritage Site ** continuation to Klagenfurt by the Koralm Railway (under construction) * North railway (Austria), Northern Railway from Wien Praterstern railway station to Břeclav, Czech Republic * Eastern Railway (Austria), Eastern Railway from Vienna Hauptbahnhof (under construction) to Hegyeshalom, Hungary and Budapest Keleti railway station * Emperor Franz Joseph Railway from Wien Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof to Gmünd, Lower Austria and České Velenice, Czech Republic * Salzburg-Tyrol Railway from Salzburg Hauptbahnhof to Wörgl Hauptbahnhof * Enns Valley Railway from the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway at Bischofshofen to Selzthal * Tauern Railway from the Salzburg-Tyrol Railway at Schwarzach im Pongau, Schwarzach/Sankt Veit im Pongau, Sankt Veit to Spittal an der Drau via the Tauern Railway Tunnel * Lower Inn Valley Railway from the Germany, German border near Kufstein railway station via Wörgl Hauptbahnhof to Innsbruck Hauptbahnhof; to be relieved by the New Lower Inn Valley railway line (under construction), part of the Trans-European Berlin–Palermo railway axis ** western continuation by the Arlberg Railway to Bludenz railway station via the Arlberg Railway Tunnel ** northwestern continuation by the Mittenwald Railway to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany and the Ausserfern Railway to Kempten Hauptbahnhof ** southern continuation by the Brenner Railway to Bolzano, Bozen, Italy and Verona via the Innsbruck bypass and the Brenner Pass, to be replaced by the Brenner Base Tunnel (planned)

Rail links to adjacent countries

All neighbouring railways have the same gauge. * Rail transport in the Czech Republic, Czech Republic — voltage and frequency change to 25 kV 50 Hz AC * Rail transport in Germany, Germany — same voltage and frequency 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC * Rail transport in Hungary, Hungary — voltage and frequency change to 25 kV 50 Hz AC * Rail transport in Italy, Italy — voltage and frequency change to 3 kV DC * Rail transport in Liechtenstein, Liechtenstein — same voltage and frequency 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC * Rail transport in Slovakia, Slovakia — voltage and frequency change to 25 kV 50 Hz AC * Rail transport in Slovenia, Slovenia — voltage and frequency change to 3 kV DC * Rail transport in Switzerland, Switzerland — same voltage and frequency 15 kV 16.7 Hz AC

Active Rolling Stock

Electric Locomotives

File:ÖBB Vectron 1293 015 - Bhf Rattenberg - Tirol - AT.jpg, Vectron (locomotive), ÖBB Class 1293 ''Vectron'' File:Regionalzug mit ÖBB 1116 in Wien Traisengasse.JPG, EuroSprinter, ÖBB Class 1016/1116/1216 ''Taurus'' File:13-04-13-st-poelten-bahnhof-249.jpg, ÖBB Class 1144 File:ÖBB 1142 20140417 REX4427.jpg, ÖBB Class 1142 File:1163003 at Salzburg Hauptbahnhof.jpg, ÖBB Class 1163 File:ÖBB 1063 024 ZvBf.jpg, ÖBB Class 1063

Diesel Locomotives

File:OEBB2016.jpg, Eurorunner, ÖBB Class 2016 ''Hercules'' File:GuentherZ 2006-06-17 0619 OeBB Diesellokomotive 2143.jpg, ÖBB Class 2143 File:NÖ-Naturdenkmal KR-012 Teufelsmauer sl1.jpg, ÖBB Class 2043 File:OEBB 2070 abgestellt.jpg, ÖBB Class 2070 ''Hector'' File:Fürstenwegbrücke 5.JPG, ÖBB Class 2068 File:ÖBB 2080 001-7 in Innsbruck Hbf.jpg, ÖBB Class 2080/2081 Rotary Snow Plough

Electrical multiple units

File:ÖBB4011 Schneewalchen.jpg, ÖBB Class 4011 ''ICE T'' File:OEBB4124.jpg, Bombardier Talent, ÖBB Class 4023/4024/4124 ''Talent'' File:I09 602 Bf Matzleinsdorfer Platz, 4020 229.jpg, ÖBB Class 4020 File:Cityjet in Floridsdorf.jpg, ÖBB Class 4746

Diesel Railcars

File:ÖBB 5022-004 bei Klein Wolkersdorf.jpg, Siemens Desiro, ÖBB Class 5022 ''Desiro'' File:OBB 5047001 Kienberg.jpg, ÖBB Class 5047

Maintenance of way equipment

File:ROBEL54.22 X630.571 Tullnerbach.jpg, ÖBB Class X630 File:X629902.jpg, ÖBB Class X629.9 File:ÖBB X626.jpg, ÖBB Class X626 File:SKL X556 101-4.jpg, ÖBB Class X556.1 File:S-Bahn-Tunnel IMG 1182 (517974782).jpg, ÖBB Class X554.3 File:X552.022.jpg, ÖBB Class X552 File:OEBB Motorturmwagen X534 062 Hopfgarten.jpg, ÖBB Class X534

References

External links

Official website

International relations UIC

International relations CER

report of audit court 2006

modification of railroad law 2004

passenger traffic tariffs of ÖBB in 2008
* , illustrated account of Austrian railways in the 1930s. * {{Authority control Austrian Federal Railways, Railway companies of Austria Railway companies established in 1923 Railteam 1923 establishments in Austria Austrian brands Rail transport in Liechtenstein