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Pseudo-Aristotle
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their works to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others. Such falsely attributed works are known as pseudepigrapha. The term Corpus Aristotelicum covers both the authentic and spurious works of Aristotle. History The first Pseudo-Aristotelian works were produced by the members of the Peripatetic school, which was founded by Aristotle. However, many more works were written much later, during the Middle Ages. Because Aristotle had produced so many works on such a variety of subjects, it was possible for writers in many different contexts—notably medieval Europeans, North Africans and Arabs—to write a work and ascribe it to Aristotle. Attaching his name to such a work guaranteed it a certain amount of respect and acceptance, since Aristotle was regarded as one of the most authoritative ancient writers for the learned men of both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On The Universe
''On the Universe'' (; ) is a theological and scientific treatise included in the Corpus Aristotelicum but usually regarded as Pseudo-Aristotle, spurious. It was likely published between the and the . The work discusses cosmological, geological, and meteorological subjects, alongside a consideration of the role an independent god plays in maintaining the universe. Contents According to Johan C. Thom, ''De Mundo'' "attempts to provide an explanation of the role of god in preserving and maintaining the cosmos while at the same time upholding the notion of his transcendence and independence." While the work is mostly in the Peripatetic school, Peripatetic style established by Aristotle, elements of Platonism, Platonic, Stoicism, Stoic, and Neopythagoreanism, Neopythagorean philosophy permeates it (which Thom argues is indicative of its post-Aristotlean authorship). Alongside its theological considerations, it also discusses cosmological, geological, and meteorological subjects. Aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Theology Of Aristotle
''The Theology of Aristotle'', also called ''Theologia Aristotelis'' () is a paraphrase in Arabic of parts of Plotinus' '' Six Enneads'' along with Porphyry's commentary. It was traditionally attributed to Aristotle, but as this attribution is certainly untrue it is conventional to describe the author as "Pseudo-Aristotle". It had a significant effect on early Islamic philosophy, due to Islamic interest in Aristotle. Al-Kindi (Alkindus) and Avicenna, for example, were influenced by Plotinus' works as mediated through the Theology and similar works. The translator attempted to integrate Aristotle's ideas with those of Plotinus — while trying to make Plotinus compatible with Christianity and Islam, thus yielding a unique synthesis. Overview ''The Theology of Aristotle'', with ''The Letter on Divine Science'' and ''The Sayings of the Greek Sage,'' a collection of fragments, together form the ''Plotiniana Arabica''. They seem to have been adapted by Ibn Na'ima al-Himsi, a Chr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Physiognomonics
''Physiognomonics'' (; ) is an Ancient Greek pseudo-Aristotelian treatise on physiognomy attributed to Aristotle (and part of the ''Corpus Aristotelicum''). It is a Peripatetic work, dated to the 4th/3rd century BC. Ancient physiognomy before the ''Physiognomonics'' Although ''Physiognomonics'' is the earliest work surviving in Greek devoted to the subject, texts preserved on clay tablets provide evidence of physiognomy manuals from the First Babylonian dynasty, containing divinatory case studies of the ominous significance of various bodily dispositions. At this point physiognomy is "a specific, already theorized, branch of knowledge" and the heir of a long-developed technical tradition.Raina, Introduction. While loosely physiognomic ways of thinking are present in Greek literature as early as Homer, physiognomy proper is not known before the classical period. The term ''physiognomonia'' first appears in the fifth-century BC Hippocratic treatise ''Epidemics'' (II.5.1). Phys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle's Masterpiece
''Aristotle's Masterpiece'', also known as ''The Works of Aristotle, the Famous Philosopher'', is a sex manual and a midwifery book that was popular in England from the early modern period through to the nineteenth century. It was first published in 1684 and written by an unknown author who falsely claimed to be Aristotle. As a consequence the author is now described as a Pseudo-Aristotle, the collective name for unidentified authors who masqueraded as Aristotle. Some claim that the book was banned in Britain until the 1960s, although there was no provision in the UK for "banning" books as such. However, reputable publishers and booksellers might have been cautious about selling ''Aristotle's Masterpiece'', at least in the wake of the 1857 Obscene Publications Act. Content Although many people in the twenty-first century might think of early modern readers as prudish, ''Aristotle’s Masterpiece'' was not only a book on midwifery but also a sex manual. It therefore gave frank ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
On Marvellous Things Heard
''On Marvellous Things Heard'' (; Latin: ''De mirabilibus auscultationibus''), often called ''Mirabilia'',Introduction to Zucker, Mayhew and Hellmann (2024). is a collection of thematically arranged anecdotes Pseudo-Aristotle, formerly attributed to Aristotle. The material included in the collection mainly deals with the natural world (e.g., plants, animals, minerals, weather, geography).Thomas (2002:138). The work consists of 178 chapters and is an example of the paradoxography genre of literature.Introduction to Schorn and Mayhew (2024). According to the revised Oxford translation of ''The Complete Works of Aristotle'' this treatise's "spuriousness has never been seriously contested".Barnes (1995:VII). It was denied by Desiderius Erasmus in his edition of the ''Corpus Aristotelicum'' in 1531. ''On Marvellous Things Heard'' was translated into Latin three times during the Middle Ages: first by Bartolomeo da Messina in the 13th century, then in the 14th century by Leontius Pilatu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Proprietatibus Elementorum
''De Proprietatibus Elementorum'' (English: On the Properties of the Elements) is a Medieval Arabic treatise on geology. It is also known as ''De Causis Proprietatum Elementorum'', ''De Proprietatibus Elementorum et Planetarum'' or simply ''De Elementis''. It was probably written in the ninth or tenth century. The author of the work claimed to be Aristotle, but eventually it was determined that it was an original work by an Arab author. Consequently, the work is now attributed to a Pseudo-Aristotle. History The work did not have a lasting impact on science in the medieval Islamic world, but it became important in Europe after it was translated to Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the twelfth century. By the thirteenth century, it had become one of the three main sources for medieval knowledge on geology, together with Aristotle's ''Meteorology'' and Avicenna's ''De Mineralibus''. These three treatises were an important influence on the study of geology by Albertus Magnus. When scholar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretum Secretorum
The or (Latin, 'Secret of secrets'), also known as the (), is a treatise which purports to be a letter from Aristotle to his student Alexander the Great on an encyclopedic range of topics, including statecraft, ethics, physiognomy, Muslim views on astrology, astrology, Alchemy and chemistry in medieval Islam, alchemy, magic (paranormal), magic, and medicine. The earliest extant editions claim to be based on a 9th-century Arabic translation of a Syriac language, Syriac translation of the lost Ancient Greek language, Greek original. It is a Pseudo-Aristotle, pseudo-Aristotelian work. Modern scholarship finds it likely to have been written in the 10th century in Arabic. Latin translations of the 12th century, Translated into Latin in the mid-12th century, it was influential among European intellectuals during the High Middle Ages. Origin The origin of the treatise remains uncertain. The Arabic edition claims to be a translation from Greek by 9th-century scholar Yahya Ibn al-Ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astrology
Astrology is a range of Divination, divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of Celestial objects in astrology, celestial objects. Different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium BCE, these practices having originated in Calendrical calculation, calendrical systems used to predict seasonal shifts and to interpret celestial cycles as signs of divine communications. Most, if not all, cultures have attached importance to what they observed in the sky, and some—such as the Hindu astrology, Hindus, Chinese astrology, Chinese, and the Maya civilization, Maya—developed elaborate systems for predicting terrestrial events from celestial observations. Western astrology, one of the oldest astrological systems still in use, can trace its roots to 19th–17th century BCE Mesopotamia, fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhetoric To Alexander
The ''Rhetoric to Alexander'' (also widely known by its title in ; ) is a treatise traditionally attributed to Aristotle. It is now generally believed to be the work of Anaximenes of Lampsacus. Authorship Quintilian seems to refer to this work under Anaximenes' name in ''Institutio Oratoria'', as the Italian Renaissance philologist Piero Vettori first recognized. This attribution has been disputed by some scholars however. Content As a complete Greek manual on rhetoric still extant from the fourth century BCE, ''Rhetoric to Alexander'' gives us an invaluable look into the rhetorical theory of the time. Aristotle did in fact write a work ''On Rhetoric'' at much the same time. The author claims to have based this treatise on the ''Techne'' of Corax and the ''Theodectea'' of Aristotle which may in fact refer to ''On Rhetoric'' seeing that Aristotle's work was not published until 83 BCE. The teaching of Aristotle on the matter was made available during his lectures and his lecturing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
England
England is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and List of islands of England, more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It shares Anglo-Scottish border, a land border with Scotland to the north and England–Wales border, another land border with Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by the North Sea to the east, the English Channel to the south, the Celtic Sea to the south-west, and the Irish Sea to the west. Continental Europe lies to the south-east, and Ireland to the west. At the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 census, the population was 56,490,048. London is both List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, the largest city and the Capital city, capital. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic. It takes its name from the Angles (tribe), Angles, a Germanic peoples, Germanic tribe who settled du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neoplatonism
Neoplatonism is a version of Platonic philosophy that emerged in the 3rd century AD against the background of Hellenistic philosophy and religion. The term does not encapsulate a set of ideas as much as a series of thinkers. Among the common ideas it maintains is monism, the doctrine that all of reality can be derived from a single principle, "the One". Neoplatonism began with Ammonius Saccas and his student Plotinus (c. 204/5 – 271 AD) and stretched to the sixth century. After Plotinus there were three distinct periods in the history of neoplatonism: the work of his student Porphyry (third to early fourth century); that of Iamblichus (third to fourth century); and the period in the fifth and sixth centuries, when the academies in Alexandria and Athens flourished. Neoplatonism had an enduring influence on the subsequent history of Western philosophy and religion. In the Middle Ages, Neoplatonic ideas were studied and discussed by Christian, Jewish, and Muslim thinkers. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
