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Polyporales
The Polyporales are an order of about 1800 species of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The order includes some (but not all) polypores as well as many corticioid fungi and a few agarics (mainly in the genus ''Lentinus''). Many species within the order are saprotrophic, most of them wood-rotters. Some genera, such as ''Ganoderma'' and ''Fomes'', contain species that attack living tissues and then continue to degrade the wood of their dead hosts. Those of economic importance include several important pathogens of trees and a few species that cause damage by rotting structural timber. Some of the Polyporales are commercially cultivated and marketed for use as food items or in traditional Chinese medicine. Taxonomy History The order was originally proposed in 1926 by Swiss mycologist Ernst Albert Gäumann to accommodate species within the phylum Basidiomycota producing basidiocarps (fruit bodies) showing a gymnocapous mode of development (forming the spore-bearing surface ext ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyporaceae
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. ''Panus'') or gill-like structures (such as ''Daedaleopsis'', whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth). Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, '' Polyporus badius''. Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus '' Abundisporus'' have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints. Cystidia are absent. Taxonomy In his 1838 work ''Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum'', Elias Magnus Fries introduced the "Polyporei". August Corda published the name validly the following year, retaining Fries's concept. American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steccherinaceae
The Steccherinaceae are a family of about 200 species of fungi in the order Polyporales. It includes crust-like, toothed, and poroid species that cause a white rot in dead wood. Taxonomy The family was circumscribed by Czech mycologist Erast Parmasto in 1968. Parmasto's original concept included species that are today classified in the Agaricales, Hymenochaetales, Polyporales, and Russulales. A large-scale molecular study published in 2012 by Otto Miettinen and colleagues redefined the limits of the Steccherinaceae to include most species of the poroid and hydnoid genera '' Antrodiella'', '' Junghuhnia'', and ''Steccherinum'', as well as members of 12 other hydnoid and poroid genera. These genera were traditionally classified in the families Phanerochaetaceae, Polyporaceae, and Meruliaceae. They commented: "we see the need for at least 30 monophyletic, morphologically distinguishable genera. These include no fewer than 15 new genera for both polypores and hydnoid fungi, and r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragiliporiaceae
''Fragiliporia'' is the sole genus in the fungus family Fragiliporiaceae. It contains the poroid crust fungus ''Fragiliporia fragilis'', described as new to science by Chinese mycologists in 2014. The type specimen of this fungus was discovered growing on a rotting stump of alder in the Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve in Yunnan. The specific epithet ''fragilis'' refers to the brittle fruit bodies of the fungus. Molecular phylogenetics shows that the fungus is in an isolated position in the Polyporales, distinct from the six previously identified clades in this order. In a later study (2017), ''Fragiliporia'' was recovered in a phylogenetically isolated position as sister to '' Candelabrochaete africana''. Description ''Fragiliporia fragilis'' is a white rot fungus with soft fruit bodies that become powdery and brittle when bruised. It measures up to long by wide by thick at its centre. It has a monomitic hyphal system, containing only generative hyphae that have clamp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meruliaceae
The Meruliaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. According to a 2008 estimate, the family contains 47 genera and 420 species. , Index Fungorum accepts 645 species in the family. Taxonomy The family was formally circumscribed by English mycologist Carleton Rea in 1922, with ''Merulius'' as the type genus. He also included the genera ''Phlebia'', '' Coniophora'' (now placed in the Coniophoraceae), and ''Coniophorella'' (now considered a synonym of ''Coniophora''). His description of the Meruliaceae was as follows: "Hymenium spread over veins, anastomosing pores, or quite smooth; ''edge of veins or pores fertile.''" Several genera formerly classified in the Meruliaceae were moved to the family Steccherinaceae based on molecular evidence. Description Meruliaceae species are crust-like or polyporoid, and often have a waxy appearance when dry. Their hyphal systems are monomitic (containing only tightly arranged generative hyphae), and these hyphae have clamp connec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sparassidaceae
The Sparassidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed by German botanist Wilhelm Herter in 1910 to contain the genus '' Sparassis''. '' Sparassiella'' was added to the family in 1964. , ''Index Fungorum'' accepts 10 species in the Sparassidaceae. Description The fruit bodies of Sparassidaceae fungi consist of branched, fan-shaped segments that originate from a central core. The hyphal system is monomitic, with gloeoplerous hyphae (containing oil droplets). These hyphae have scattered clamp connections. The spores are smooth, thin- to somewhat thick-walled, and hyaline (translucent). Cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ... are mostly absent from the hymenium. Sparassidaceae fungi cause brown rot. References Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phanerochaetaceae
The Phanerochaetaceae are a family of mostly crust fungi in the order Polyporales. Taxonomy Phanerochaetaceae was first conceived by Swedish mycologist John Eriksson in 1958 as the subfamily Phanerochaetoideae of the Corticiaceae. It was later published validly by Erast Parmasto in 1986, and raised to familial status by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982. The type genus is ''Phanerochaete''. In 2007, Karl-Henrik Larsson proposed using the name Phanerochaetaceae to refer to the clade of crust fungi clustered near ''Phanerochaete''. In 2013, a more extensive molecular analysis showed that the Phanerochaetaceae were a subclade of the large phlebioid clade, which also contains members of the families Meruliaceae and Irpicaceae. The generic limits of ''Phanerochaete'' were revised in 2015, and new genera were added in 2016. , Index Fungorum accepts 30 genera and 367 species in the family. Description Most Phanerochaetaceae species are crust-like. Their hyphal system is mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fomitopsidaceae
The Fomitopsidaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. Most species are parasitic on woody plants, and tend to cause brown rots. The name comes from ''Fomitopsis'' (meaning "looking like Fomes") + ''-aceae'' (a suffix used to form taxonomic family names). Genera In a proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales based on molecular phylogenetics Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ..., Alfredo Justo and colleagues accept 14 genera in the Fomitopsidaceae: '' Anthoporia'', ''Antrodia'', ''Buglossoporus'', '' Cartilosoma'', ''Daedalea'', ''Fomitopsis'', ''Fragifomes'', '' Melanoporia'', ''Neolentiporus'', ''Niveoporofomes'', '' Rhodofomes'', ''Rhodofomitopsis'', ''Rubellofomes'', and ''Ungulidaedalea''. References External links * Fomitops ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gelatoporiaceae
The Gelatoporiaceae are a small family of crust fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed in 2017 by mycologists Otto Miettinen, Alfredo Justo and David Hibbett to contain the type genus '' Gelatoporia'' and three other related genera, '' Cinereomyces'', '' Obba'', and '' Sebipora''. Taxonomy In a 2012 publication, Miettinen and Mario Rajchenberg introduced the name "Cinereomyces clade" to accommodate a small group of white-rot polypores of uncertain position in the order Polyporales. Further analyses confirmed that this clade represents a separate lineage from the Polyporaceae. The genus ''Gelatoporia'', upon which the family is based, was defined by Tuomo Niemelä in 1985 to contain poroid crust fungi with a monomitic hyphal structure, clamped hyphae, and producing white rot. Description The fruit bodies of the Gelatoporiaceae are crust-like (resupinate), and have a poroid hymenophore A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungal fru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenasmataceae
The Xenasmataceae are a family of crust fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed in 1966 by German mycologist Franz Oberwinkler with '' Xenasma'' as the type genus. , Index Fungorum accepts 28 species in the family. Xenasmataceae fungi grow as saprobes on fallen wood and are known primarily from temperate areas. Description Fruit bodies of Xenasmataceae fungi are usually crust-like, with a waxy or gelatinous texture. The fungi have a monomitic hyphal system, and the hyphae are frequently gelatinous. Spores are translucent, and often stain with Melzer's reagent Melzer's reagent (also known as Melzer's iodine reagent, Melzer's solution or informally as Melzer's) is a chemical reagent used by mycologists to assist with the identification of fungi, and by phytopathologists for fungi that are plant pathogens .... References Polyporales Xenasmataceae Taxa described in 1966 Taxa named by Franz Oberwinkler {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polypores
Polypores are a group of fungi that form large fruiting bodies with pores or tubes on the underside (see Delimitation for exceptions). They are a morphological group of basidiomycetes-like gilled mushrooms and hydnoid fungi, and not all polypores are closely related to each other. Polypores are also called bracket fungi or shelf fungi, and they characteristically produce woody, shelf- or bracket-shaped or occasionally circular fruiting bodies that are called conks. Most polypores inhabit tree trunks or branches consuming the wood, but some soil-inhabiting species form mycorrhiza with trees. Polypores and the related corticioid fungi are the most important agents of wood decay, playing a very significant role in nutrient cycling and aiding carbon dioxide absorption by forest ecosystems. Over one thousand polypore species have been described to science, but a large part of the diversity is still unknown even in relatively well-studied temperate areas. Polypores are much more dive ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meripilaceae
The Meripilaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982 with ''Meripilus'' as the type genus. A 2008 estimate placed 7 genera and 57 species in Meripilaceae. , Index Fungorum accepts 74 species in the family. Genera *''Grifola'' *'' Henningsia'' *'' Hydnopolyporus'' *''Meripilus'' *'' Physisporinus'' *'' Pseudonadsoniella'' – Antarctic, Argentina, Galindez Island Galindez Island ( uk, Ґаліндез) is an island long, lying immediately east of Winter Island in the Argentine Islands, Wilhelm Archipelago. It was discovered by the French Antarctic Expedition, 1903–05, under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, wh ... *'' Rigidoporus'' References Meripilaceae Taxa named by Walter Jülich Fungi described in 1982 {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cystostereaceae
The Cystostereaceae are a family of fungi in the order Polyporales. The family was circumscribed by Swiss mycologist Walter Jülich in 1982. , Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names ( scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ... accepts 6 genera and 18 species in the family. References Cystostereaceae Fungi described in 1982 Taxa named by Walter Jülich {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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