The Polyporaceae are a

family Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its members and of society. Idea ...

of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The

flesh Flesh is any aggregation of soft tissues of an organism. Various multicellular organisms have soft tissues that may be called "flesh". In mammals, including humans, ''flesh'' encompasses muscles, fats and other loose connective tissues, but ...

of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. ''

Panus ''Panus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Species * (Senthil. & S.K.Singh) Senthil. (2015) *''Panus bacillisporus'' Kauffman (1930) *''Panus bartlettii'' Massee (1907) *''Panus biersianus'' Har. & Pat. (1914) *''Panus brunneipes' ...

'') or gill-like structures (such as ''

Daedaleopsis ''Daedaleopsis'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The name ''Daedaleopsis'' is a reference to Daedalus, the labyrinth-maker of myth. Similarly, the maze-like pattern of pores is taxonomically described as being daedaloid. DNA wa ...

'', whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth). Many species are

brackets A bracket is either of two tall fore- or back-facing punctuation marks commonly used to isolate a segment of text or data from its surroundings. Typically deployed in symmetric pairs, an individual bracket may be identified as a 'left' or ' ...

, but others have a definite stipe – for example, '' Polyporus badius''. Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus '' Abundisporus'' have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints.

Cystidia A cystidium (plural cystidia) is a relatively large cell found on the sporocarp of a basidiomycete (for example, on the surface of a mushroom gill), often between clusters of basidia. Since cystidia have highly varied and distinct shapes that ar ...

are absent.

Taxonomy

In his 1838 work ''Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum'', Elias Magnus Fries introduced the "Polyporei". August Corda published the name validly the following year, retaining Fries's concept. American mycologist

William Alphonso Murrill William Alphonso Murrill (October 13, 1869 – December 25, 1957) was an American mycologist, known for his contributions to the knowledge of the Agaricales and Polyporaceae. In 1904, he became the assistant Curator at the New York Botanical ...

, in a series of publications in the early 1900s, classified the polypores into a more organized family of 78 genera, including 29 that were

monotypic In biology, a monotypic taxon is a taxonomic group (taxon) that contains only one immediately subordinate taxon. A monotypic species is one that does not include subspecies or smaller, infraspecific taxa. In the case of genera, the term "unispe ...

, and 39 that were new to science.For example: * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Around the same time as Murrill, Curtis Gates Lloyd devoted considerable effort in sorting polypore taxonomy, and amassed a large and diverse collection of fruit bodies from around the world. In his 1953 monograph ''The Polyporaceae of the European U.S.S.R. and Caucasia'', Apollinarii Semenovich Bondartsev included 54 genera in the Polyporaceae, which he further divided into five subfamilies and 10

tribes The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. This definition is contested, in part due to confli ...

. Several works contributing to the systematics of the Polyporaceae were published in the following decades, including Marinus Anton Donk (1960, 1964), Gordon Heriot Cunningham (1965), and

David Pegler David Norman Pegler (born 2 November 1938) is a British mycologist. Until his retirement in 1998, he served as the Head of Mycology and assistant keeper of the herbarium at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Kew. Pegler received his BSc from London Un ...

(1973).

Genera

Cerioporus mollis (Polyporaceae), Zoelen, the Netherlands

Favolus tenuiculus - Flickr - Dick Culbert

Index Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (scientific names) in the fungus kingdom. the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partners along with Landcare Research and the Institute of M ...

accepts 114 genera and 1621 species in the Polyporaceae: *'' Abundisporus'' Ryvarden (1999); 7 species *'' Amyloporia'' Singer (1944); 5 species *'' Amyloporiella'' A.David & Tortič (1984); 1 species *'' Atroporus'' Ryvarden (1973); 3 species *'' Aurantiporus'' Murrill (1905); 5 species *'' Australoporus'' P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988); 1 species *'' Austrolentinus'' Ryvarden (1991); 1 species *'' Cellulariella'' Zmitr. & Malysheva (2014); 2 species *'' Cerrena'' Gray (1821); 7 species *'' Cerarioporia'' F.Wu, L.W.Zhou & Jing Si; 1 species *'' Colospora'' Miettinen & Spirin (2015); 1 species *'' Coriolopsis'' Murrill (1905); 21 species *'' Cryptomphalina'' R.Heim (1966); 1 species *'' Cryptoporus'' (Peck) Shear (1902); 2 species *'' Cystidiophorus'' Bondartsev & Ljub. (1963); 1 species *''

'' J.Schröt. (1888); 9 species *'' Datronia'' Donk (1966); 8 species *'' Datroniella'' B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & Y.C.Dai (2014); 5 species *'' Dentocorticium'' (Parmasto) M.J.Larsen & Gilb. (1974); 7 species *'' Dextrinoporus'' H.S.Yuan (2018); 1 species *'' Dichomitus'' D.A.Reid (1965); 24 species *'' Diplomitoporus'' Domański (1970); 20 species *'' Earliella'' Murrill (1905); 1 species *'' Echinochaete'' D.A.Reid (1963); 5 species *'' Epithele'' (Pat.) Pat. (1900); 24 species *'' Epithelopsis'' Jülich (1976); 2 species *'' Erastia'' Niemelä & Kinnunen (2005); 1 species *'' Faerberia'' Pouzar (1981); 1 species *'' Favolus'' Fr. (1828); 25 species *'' Flammeopellis'' Y.C.Dai, B.K.Cui & C.L.Zhao (2014); 1 species *'' Fomes'' (Fr.) Fr. (1849); 59 species *'' Funalia'' Pat. (1900); 7 species *'' Fuscocerrena'' Ryvarden (1982); 1 species *'' Globifomes'' Murrill (1904); 1 species *'' Grammothele'' Berk. & M.A.Curtis (1868); 19 species *'' Grammothelopsis'' Jülich (1982); 7 species *'' Hapalopilus'' P.Karst. (1881); 15 species *'' Haploporus'' Bondartsev & Singer (1944); 6 species *'' Hexagonia'' Fr. (1836); 41 species *'' Hymenogramme'' Mont. & Berk. (1844); 1 species *'' Laccocephalum'' McAlpine & Tepper (1895); 5 species *'' Laetifomes'' T.Hatt. (2001); 1 species *'' Leifiporia'' Y.C.Dai, F.Wu & C.L.Zhao (2016); 2 species *'' Leiotrametes'' Welti & Courtec. (2012); 2 species *''

Lentinus ''Lentinus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus is widely distributed, with many species found in subtropical regions. The genus name ''Lentinus'' is derived from the Latin ''lent'', meaning "pliable", and ''inus'', meani ...

'' Fr. (1825); 120 species *''

Lenzites ''Lenzites'' is a widespread genus of wood-decay fungi in the family Polyporaceae. It was circumscribed by Elias Magnus Fries in 1835. The generic name honours German naturalist Harald Othmar Lenz (1798–1870). Species A 2008 estimate placed ...

'' Fr. (1836); 25 species *'' Leptoporus'' Quél. (1886); 12 species *'' Lignosus'' Lloyd ex Torrend (1920); 8 species *'' Lithopolyporales'' R.K.Kar, N.Sharma, A.Agarwal & R.Kar (2003); 1 species *'' Lloydella'' Bres. (1901); 3 species *'' Lopharia'' Kalchbr. & MacOwan (1881); 15 species *'' Loweporus'' J.E.Wright (1976); 8 species *'' Macrohyporia'' I.Johans. & Ryvarden (1979); 3 species *'' Megasporia'' B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Hai J.Li (2013); 7 species *'' Megasporoporia'' Ryvarden & J.E.Wright (1982); 4 species *'' Megasporoporiella'' B.K.Cui, Y.C.Dai & Hai J.Li (2013); 5 species *'' Melanoderma'' B.K.Cui & Y.C.Dai (2011); 2 species *'' Melanoporella'' Murrill (1907); 1 species *'' Microporellus'' Murrill (1905); 23 species *'' Microporus'' P.Beauv. (1805); 12 species *'' Mollicarpus'' Ginns (1984); 1 species *'' Mycobonia'' Pat. (1894); 1 species *'' Myriothele'' Nakasone (2013); 1 species *'' Navisporus'' Ryvarden (1980); 6 species *'' Neodatronia'' B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & Y.C.Dai (2014); 2 species *'' Neodictyopus'' Palacio, Robledo, Reck & Drechsler-Santos; 3 species *''

Neofavolus ''Neofavolus'' is a genus of four species of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. All four known species of ''Neofavolus'' are known from temperate regions and unknown from the tropics. '' Neofavolus alveolaris'', the type species, is widel ...

'' Sotome & T.Hatt. (2013); 4 species *'' Neofomitella'' Y.C.Dai, Hai J.Li & Vlasák (2015); 3 species *'' Nigrofomes'' Murrill (1904); 2 species *'' Pachykytospora'' Kotl. & Pouzar (1963); 3 species *''

'' Fr. (1838); 40 species *''

Perenniporia ''Perenniporia'' is a cosmopolitan genus of bracket-forming or crust-like polypores in the family Polyporaceae. They are dimitic or trimitic with smooth, thick-walled basidiospores and cause a white rot in affected wood. Taxonomy ''Perennipo ...

'' Murrill (1942); 100 species *''

Perenniporiella ''Perenniporiella'' is a genus of five species of polypore fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was segregated from '' Perenniporia'' by Cony Decock and Leif Ryvarden in 2003 with '' P. neofulva'' as the type species In zoological ...

'' Decock & Ryvarden (2003); 5 species *''

Perenniporiopsis ''Perenniporiopsis'' is a genus of fungi belonging to the Polyporaceae The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle il ...

'' C.L.Zhao (2017); 1 species *'' Phaeotrametes'' Lloyd ex J.E.Wright (1966); 1 species *'' Piloporia'' Niemelä (1982); 2 species *'' Podofomes'' Pouzar (1966); 3 species *''

Polyporus ''Polyporus'' is a genus of poroid fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Taxonomy Italian botanist Pier Antonio Micheli introduced the genus in 1729 to include 14 species featuring fruit bodies with centrally-placed stipes, and pores on the under ...

'' P.Micheli ex Adans. (1763); 279 species *'' Porogramme'' (Pat.) Pat. (1900); 7 species *'' Poronidulus'' Murrill (1904); 2 species *'' Pseudofavolus'' Pat. (1900); 6 species *'' Pseudopiptoporus'' Ryvarden (1980); 2 species *'' Pseudomegasporoporia'' 1 species *'' Pycnoporus'' P.Karst. (1881); 4 species *'' Pyrofomes'' Kotl. & Pouzar (1964); 7 species *'' Roseofavolus'' T.Hatt. (2003); 1 species *'' Royoporus'' A.B.De (1996); 2 species *'' Rubroporus'' Log.-Leite, Ryvarden & Groposo (2002); 2 species *'' Ryvardenia'' Rajchenb. (1994); 2 species *'' Sarcoporia'' P.Karst. (1894); 3 species *'' Skeletocutis'' Kotl. & Pouzar (1958); 43 species *'' Sparsitubus'' L.W.Hsu & J.D.Zhao (1980); 1 species *'' Spongipellis'' Pat. (1887); 9 species *'' Stiptophyllum'' Ryvarden (1973); 1 species *'' Thermophymatospora'' Udagawa, Awao & Abdullah (1986); 1 species *'' Tinctoporellus'' Ryvarden (1979); 4 species *''

Trametes ''Trametes'' is a genus of fungi that is distinguished by a pileate basidiocarp, di- to trimitic hyphal systems, smooth non-dextrinoid spores, and a hymenium usually without true hymenial cystidia.Ryvarden L. (1991). "Genera of polypores: Nomenc ...

'' Fr. (1836); 195 species *'' Trametopsis'' Tomšovský (2008); 1 species *'' Tyromyces'' P.Karst. (1881); 119 species *''

Truncospora ''Truncospora'' is a genus of 10 species of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. Taxonomy The genus was originally proposed by Czech mycologist Albert Pilát in 1941, but this publication is invalid because a type species was not designated, contra ...

'' Pilát (1953); 10 species *'' Vanderbylia'' D.A.Reid (1973); 7 species *''

Wolfiporia ''Wolfiporia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Leif Ryvarden and Robert Lee Gilbertson in 1984 to contain the type species ''Wolfiporia cocos'' (now known as '' Wolfiporia extensa'') and '' W. ...

'' Ryvarden & Gilb. (1984); 6 species *'' Xerotus'' Fr. (1828); 16 species *'' Yuchengia'' B.K.Cui & Steffen (2013); 1 species In a proposed family-level classification of the Polyporales based on

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

s, Alfredo Justo and colleagues propose synonymizing the

Ganodermataceae The Ganodermataceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Polyporales. , Index Fungorum accepts 8 genus, genera and 300 species in the family. The family was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus An ...

with the Polyporaceae, and accept 44 genera in this family: ''Abundisporus'', ''

Amauroderma ''Amauroderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. ''Amauroderma'' fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks. The Ba ...

'', '' Cerarioporia'', ''Colospora'', ''Cryptoporus'', ''Datronia'', ''Datroniella'', '' Dendrodontia'', ''Dentocorticium'', ''Dichomitus'', '' Donkioporia'', ''Earliella'', ''Echinochaete'', ''Epithele'', ''Favolus'', ''Fomes'', '' Fomitella'', ''

Ganoderma ''Ganoderma'' is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae that includes about 80 species, many from tropical regions. They have a high genetic diversity and are used in traditional Asian medicines. ''Ganoderma'' can be differenti ...

'', ''Grammothele'', ''Grammothelopsis'', ''Hexagonia'', ''Haploporus'', '' Hornodermoporus'', ''Lentinus'', ''Lignosus'', ''Lopharia'', ''Megasporia'', ''Megasporoporia'', ''Melanoderma'', ''Microporellus'', ''Microporus'', ''Neodatronia'', ''Neofavolus'', ''Pachykytospora'', ''Perenniporia'', ''Perenniporiella'', ''Pseudofavolus'', ''Pyrofomes'', ''Tinctoporellus'', '' Tomophagus'', ''Trametes'', ''Truncospora'', ''Vanderbylia'', and ''Yuchengia''.

References

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Polyporaceae The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymeniu ...

Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries Taxa described in 1839