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Metriorhynchoids
Metriorhynchoidea is an extinct superfamily of thalattosuchian crocodyliforms from the Early Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (Toarcian - Valanginian, possibly as late as early Aptian) of Europe, North America and South America. Metriorhynchids are fully aquatic crocodyliforms. Named by Fitzinger, in 1843, it contains the basal taxa like ''Teleidosaurus'', ''Zoneait'' and ''Eoneustes'' and the family Metriorhynchidae. An unnamed taxon is known from Chile. Phylogeny Metriorhynchoidea is a stem-based taxon defined in 2009 as the most inclusive clade consisting of ''Metriorhynchus geoffroyii'', but not ''Teleosaurus cadomensis''. The cladogram A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to d ... below follows the topology from a 2011 analysis by Andrea Cau and Federico Fanti. Note th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zoneait
''Zoneait'' (pronounced "zone-eight" and meaning "large tooth" in the Kiowa language) is an extinct genus of thalattosuchian crocodylomorph known from a single species, ''Zoneait nargorum'', from the Middle Jurassic of Oregon. ''Z. nargorum'' was named in 2015 by paleontologist Eric Wilberg on the basis of several partial skulls, vertebrae, and forelimb bones that were found in an outcrop of the Snowshoe Formation near the town of Izee. It is a member of Metriorhynchoidea, a clade of marine-adapted thalattosuchians that existed until the Early Cretaceous. The skeleton of ''Zoneait'' possesses several adaptations for offshore marine life but retains features characteristic of its land-living ancestors, indicating that it is a transitional form between the fully marine metriorhynchids of the late Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, and earlier non-marine crocodylomorphs. The Snowshoe Formation was deposited in a shallow marine environment within a tropical forearc basin, suggestin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (geology), Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series (stratigraphy), Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period. The Early Jurassic starts immediately after the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, 201.3 Ma (million years ago), and ends at the start of the Middle Jurassic 174.1 Ma. Certain rocks of marine origin of this age in Europe are called "Lias Group, Lias" and that name was used for the period, as well, in 19th-century geology. In southern Germany rocks of this age are called Black Jurassic. Origin of the name Lias There are two possible origins for the name Lias: the first reason is it was taken by a geologist from an England, English quarryman's dialect pronunciation of the word "layers"; secondly, sloops from north Cornwall, Cornish ports such as Bude would sail across the Bristol Channel to the Vale of Glamorgan to load up with rock from coastal limestone quarries (lias limestone from S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aptian
The Aptian is an age in the geologic timescale or a stage in the stratigraphic column. It is a subdivision of the Early or Lower Cretaceous Epoch or Series and encompasses the time from 121.4 ± 1.0 Ma to 113.0 ± 1.0 Ma (million years ago), approximately. The Aptian succeeds the Barremian and precedes the Albian, all part of the Lower/Early Cretaceous. The Aptian partly overlaps the upper part of the Western European Urgonian Stage. The Selli Event, also known as OAE1a, was one of two oceanic anoxic events in the Cretaceous Period, which occurred around 120 Ma and lasted approximately 1 to 1.3 million years. The Aptian extinction was a minor extinction event hypothesized to have occurred around 116 to 117 Ma.Archangelsky, Sergio.The Ticó Flora (Patagonia) and the Aptian Extinction Event" ''Acta Paleobotanica'' 41(2), 2001, pp. 115-22. Stratigraphic definitions The Aptian was named after the small city of Apt in the Provence region of France, which is also known for its cry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metriorhynchinae
Metriorhynchinae is a subfamily of metriorhynchid crocodyliforms from the late Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (Callovian - Valanginian) of Europe, North America and South America. Named by Fitzinger, in 1843, it contains the metriorhynchids '' Maledictosuchus'', ''Gracilineustes'', ''Metriorhynchus'', '' Cricosaurus'' and ''Rhacheosaurus''. The last three taxa form a tribe within Metriorhynchinae, the Rhacheosaurini. Metriorhynchinae is one of two subfamilies of Metriorhynchidae, the other being Geosaurinae. Phylogeny Metriorhynchinae is a stem-based taxon defined in 2009 as the most inclusive clade consisting of ''Metriorhynchus geoffroyii'', but not ''Geosaurus giganteus''. Rhacheosaurini is a stem-based taxon and it was named and defined by Mark T. Young, Mark A. Bell and Stephen L. Brusatte in 2011 as the most inclusive clade including ''Rhacheosaurus gracilis'', but not ''Metriorhynchus geoffroyii'' and ''Gracilineustes leedsi''. The cladogram A cladogram ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geosaurinae
Geosaurinae is a subfamily of metriorhynchid crocodyliforms from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous (Bathonian - Aptian) of Europe, North America and South America. Named by Richard Lydekker, in 1889, it contains the metriorhynchids '' Suchodus'', ''Purranisaurus'', '' Neptunidraco'', '' Tyrannoneustes'', '' Torvoneustes'', ''Dakosaurus'', ''Geosaurus'' and ''Plesiosuchus''. The last four taxa form a tribe within Geosaurinae, the Geosaurini. Geosaurinae is one of two subfamilies of Metriorhynchidae, the other being Metriorhynchinae. These marine reptiles were widespread during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, their fossilized remains are being frequently found on various places around the world.Daniel Madzia, Sven Sachs, Mark T. Young, Alexander Lukeneder and Petr Skupien (2021)Evidence of two lineages of metriorhynchid crocodylomorphs in the Lower Cretaceous of the Czech Republic ''Acta Palaeontologica Polonica''. doi: https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00801.2020 Phyl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eoneustes Gaudryi
''Eoneustes'' (meaning "dawn swimmer") is an extinct genus of metriorhynchoid crocodyliform from Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian to early Bathonian stage) deposits of France. ''Eoneustes'' was a carnivore that lived in the oceans and spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. Discovery and species *''E. bathonicus'':Mercier J. 1933. Contribution l’étude des Métriorhynchidés (crocodiliens). ''Annales de Paléontologie'' 22: 99-119. Western Europe (France) of the Middle Jurassic (early Bathonian). It is known from holotype from Calvados of Normandy, that lost during the Second World War. *''E. gaudryi'':Collot L. 1905. Reptile jurassique (''Teleidosaurus gaudryi'') trouvé à St-Seine-l'Abbaye (Côte-d'Or). ''Memoire Acad. Sci. Arts et Belles-Lettres'' 10: 41-45. Western Europe (France) of the Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian to early Bathonian). It is known from the holotype NHM R.3353, a partial skull from Côte d’Or, Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eoneustes Bathonicus
''Eoneustes'' (meaning "dawn swimmer") is an extinct genus of metriorhynchoid crocodyliform from Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian to early Bathonian stage) deposits of France. ''Eoneustes'' was a carnivore that lived in the oceans and spent much, if not all, its life out at sea. Discovery and species *''E. bathonicus'':Mercier J. 1933. Contribution l’étude des Métriorhynchidés (crocodiliens). ''Annales de Paléontologie'' 22: 99-119. Western Europe (France) of the Middle Jurassic (early Bathonian). It is known from holotype from Calvados of Normandy, that lost during the Second World War. *''E. gaudryi'':Collot L. 1905. Reptile jurassique (''Teleidosaurus gaudryi'') trouvé à St-Seine-l'Abbaye (Côte-d'Or). ''Memoire Acad. Sci. Arts et Belles-Lettres'' 10: 41-45. Western Europe (France) of the Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian to early Bathonian). It is known from the holotype NHM R.3353, a partial skull from Côte d’Or, Burgundy Burgundy (; french: link=no, Bourgogne ) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleidosaurus Calvadosii
''Teleidosaurus'' is an extinct genus of carnivorous metriorhynchoid crocodyliform from Middle Jurassic (late Bajocian to early Bathonian stage) deposits of Normandy, France.Wilkinson LE, Young MT, Benton MJ. 2008. A new metriorhynchid crocodilian (Mesoeucrocodylia: Thalattosuchia) from the Kimmeridgian (Upper Jurassic) of Wiltshire, UK. ''Palaeontology'' 51 (6): 1307-1333. The name ''Teleidosaurus'' means "Complete lizard", and is derived from the Greek '- ("complete") and -''sauros'' ("lizard"). Discovery The type species was named ''Teleosaurus Calvadosii'' icby Jacques Amand Eudes-Deslongchamps in 1866;Eudes-Deslongchamps, J.A. 1866. Description d'une espèce inédite de Téléosaure des environs de Caen, le ''Teleosaurus calvadosii''. ''Bulletin Soc. Linn. Normandie'' 2 (1): 112-118. however, it was his son, Eugène Eudes-Deslongchamps who erected the generic name ''Teleidosaurus'' later in 1869 Eudes-Deslongchamps, E. 1869. Notice sur les animaux fossiles de la famill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek ''clados'' "branch" and ''gramma'' "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms. A cladogram is not, however, an evolutionary tree because it does not show how ancestors are related to descendants, nor does it show how much they have changed, so many differing evolutionary trees can be consistent with the same cladogram. A cladogram uses lines that branch off in different directions ending at a clade, a group of organisms with a last common ancestor. There are many shapes of cladograms but they all have lines that branch off from other lines. The lines can be traced back to where they branch off. These branching off points represent a hypothetical ancestor (not an actual entity) which can be inferred to exhibit the traits shared among the terminal taxa above it. This hypothetical ancestor might then provide clues about the order of evolution of various features, adaptation, and other evolutionary narratives about ance ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleosaurus Cadomensis
''Teleosaurus'' (from el, τέλειος , 'perfect' and el, σαῦρος , 'lizard') is an extinct genus of teleosaurid crocodyliform found in the Middle Jurassic Calcaire de Caen Formation of France. It was approximately in length and weighed . The holotype is MNHN AC 8746, a quarter of a skull and other associated postcranial remains, while other fragmentary specimens are known. The type species is ''T. cadomensis'', but a second species, ''T. geoffroyi'' may also exist. It was previously considered a wastebasket taxon, with many other remains assigned to the genus. History Teleosaur remains have been known to science since at least 1758, although at first scientists believed the remains belonged to extinct crocodiles and alligators, and remains that have at one point in time been attributed to ''Teleosaurus'' (and ''Steneosaurus'') have been known to science since at least 1800. The holotype was discovered during the early 19th century by Pierre Tesson before he traded ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metriorhynchus Geoffroyii
''Metriorhynchus'' is an extinct genus of marine crocodyliform that lived in the oceans during the Late Jurassic. The type species, ''M. brevirostris'' was named in 1829 as a species of ''Steneosaurus'' before being named as a separate genus by the German palaeontologist Christian von Meyer in 1832. The name ''Metriorhynchus'' means "Moderate snout", and is derived from the Greek ''Metrio''- ("moderate") and -''rhynchos'' ("snout"). Discovery and species Fossil specimens referrable to ''Metriorhynchus'' are known from Kimmeridgian (Late Jurassic) deposits of France. Valid species Only one valid species is recognized today, the type species ''M. geoffroyii'' (now called ''M. brevirostris''). ''"Metriorhynchus" hastifer'' and ''"M." palpebrosus'' are generically distinct from the ''Metriorhynchus'' type species, with ''hastifer'' being recovered as a geosaurine. Species in this genus were traditionally classed into two skull groups: longirostrine (long, narrow jaws) and brevirost ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stem-based Taxon
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a '' type'', which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently regulated by the '' International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature'' (''PhyloCode''). Definitions Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. These groups can equivalently be called monophyletic. There are slightly different ways of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below. Once the ancestor is specified, the meaning of the name is fixed: the ancestor and all organisms which are its descendants are included in the named taxon. Listing all these organisms (i.e. providing a full circumscription) requires the full phylogenetic tree to be known. In practice, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
