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Zadar Philological School
Zadar Philological School ( hr, Zadarska filološka škola) was a 19th-century philological school that operated in Zadar, offering a set of solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by Ante Kuzmanić. The schools' members initially published articles in the magazine '' Zora dalmatinska'' ("The Dalmatian Dawn") which they started in Zadar, 1844. As the basis of the Croatian standard language they advocated the old Dalmatian orthography, phonological spelling, and the usage of Ikavian Štokavian dialect which was common to Dalmatia, Bosnia and Slavonia and was used in many important literary works during the history. Later they accepted Gaj's orthography, but kept the Ikavian dialect. Kuzmanić's associates included Šime Starčević from Lika and Ignjat Alojzije Brlić from Slavonia. The second generation of the Zadar Philological School published in the newspaper ''Narodni list'', and saw the future in the ideas that cir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zadar
Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar serves as the seat of Zadar County and of the wider northern Dalmatian region. The city proper covers with a population of 75,082 , making it the second-largest city of the region of Dalmatia and the fifth-largest city in the country. Today, Zadar is a historical center of Dalmatia, Zadar County's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, educational, and transportation centre. Zadar is also the episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Zadar. Because of its rich heritage, Zadar is today one of the most popular Croatian tourist destinations, named "entertainment center of the Adriatic" by ''The Times'' and "Croatia's new capital of cool" by ''The Guardian''. UNESCO's World Heritage Site list included the fortified city of Zadar as par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šime Starčević
Šime Starčević (18 April 1784 – 14 May 1859) was a Croatian priest and linguist. He was born in Žitnik, near Gospić. He worked as a pastor in Gospić, Lički Novi, Udbina, and since 1814 in Karlobag. He knew Latin, French, Italian and German, and could read Slavic languages. In 1812 he published in Trieste his ''Nòva ricsôslovica iliricska vojnicskoj mladosti krajicsnoj poklonjena'' and ''Nòva ricsôslovica iliricsko-francèzka'' ("A new Illyrian-French grammar"). His French grammar was revised and translated from German, using domestic terminology for linguistic terms. His grammar of "Illyrian" was the first Croatian grammar describing the four-accentual system of the Neoštokavian dialect. Works Thirty years after publishing his grammar he again become active as a writer. He published ''Homilie ili tumačenje Sv. evanđelja'' (1850), ''Ričoslovje'' in sequels in '' Glasnik dalmatinski'' (1849–1850) and polemics on grammar in '' Zora dalmatinska'' (1844-1849). He a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rijeka Philological School
Rijeka Philological School ( hr, Riječka filološka škola) was a 19th-century philological school that operated in Rijeka, offering a set of solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by . According to Kurelac, standard language should be based on elements shared by most of the Slavic languages. Modern literary language should be based on archaic forms, so archaicity became the main characteristic of the language of school's proponents. Among such features where: * zero morpheme as the genitive plural ending (''jelen'', ''žen'', ''sel'') * usage of dual in nouns and verbs (''dvaju rukopisu'', ''uvedosta me u kuću'') * first-person singular present form on ''-u'' (''raduju se'' "I rejoice", as opposed to ''radujem se'') * usage of the demonstrative pronoun ''s'', ''si'', ''se'' "this, that" (''se jeseni'' "this autumn") * usage of infinitives without the final ''-i'' (''pokazat'') * usage of archaic Croatian words, Chu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zagreb Philological School
Zagreb philological school ( sh, Zagrebačka filološka škola) was a 19th-century philological school that operated in Zagreb, offering a set of solutions for the issues involved in the standardization of Croatian literary language. It was led by Adolfo Veber Tkalčević. In the 1860s it dominated Croatian cultural life, drawing upon linguistic and ideological conceptions advocated by the members of the Illyrian movement. Solutions proposed by the Zagreb school were a combination of traditional orthographic practices, as well as amalgamation of various artificial and dialectal features that would satisfy the needs of most native speakers. Among these are: * morphonological orthography (e.g. ''sudca'' "of judge", as opposed to ''suca'') * genitive plural ending ''-ah'', which earned them a derisive nickname ''ahavci'' ("Ahavians") * old case endings in the dative, locative and instrumental plural (e.g. ''nožim'', ''nožih'', ''noži'') * usage of the letter ''ě'' for the reflexes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik (), historically known as Ragusa (; see notes on naming), is a city on the Adriatic Sea in the region of Dalmatia, in the southeastern semi-exclave of Croatia. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean, a seaport and the centre of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County. Its total population is 42,615 (2011 census). In 1979, the city of Dubrovnik was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in recognition of its outstanding medieval architecture and fortified old town. The history of the city probably dates back to the 7th century, when the town known as was founded by refugees from Epidaurum (). It was under the protection of the Byzantine Empire and later under the sovereignty of the Republic of Venice. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, Dubrovnik ruled itself as a free state. The prosperity of the city was historically based on maritime trade; as the capital of the maritime Republic of Ragusa, it achieved a high level of develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zagreb
Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital (political), capital and List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns, largest city of Croatia. It is in the Northern Croatia, northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Slovenia at an elevation of approximately above mean sea level, above sea level. At the 2021 census, the city had a population of 767,131. The population of the Zagreb urban agglomeration is 1,071,150, approximately a quarter of the total population of Croatia. Zagreb is a city with a rich history dating from Roman Empire, Roman times. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman Andautonia, in today's Ščitarjevo. The historical record of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at Kaptol, Zagreb, Kaptol in 1094. Zagreb became a free royal city in 1242. In 1851 Janko Kamauf became Z ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Narodni List
''Narodni list'' ( en, people's paper) is an independent Croatian weekly newspaper published in Zadar, founded in 1862, making it the oldest in Croatia. ''Narodni list'', being independent, has a reputation of writing about things other newspapers dare not touch, such as corruption and nepotism among politicians, which often includes writing about organized crime. This newspaper is not to be confused with ''Narodni list'' (USA) that was published in New York by Frank Zotti from 1895. History The newspaper was started in 1862, making it the oldest living newspaper in Croatia, and a part of Croatian cultural history. The first issue of ''Narodni list'' was published on March 1, 1862, as a Croatian-language part of the Italian-language newspaper ''Il Nazionale''. Since 1876, ''Narodni list'' is published entirely in Croatian, playing an important role in unification of Dalmatia and Croatia. From 1920 to 1946 ''Narodni list'' was not published due to Italian fascist government of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ignjat Alojzije Brlić
Ignjat ( sr-cyr, Игњат) is a Serbo-Croatian masculine given name, a shortened form of ''Ignjatije'' (a variant of the Latin name ''Ignatius'', from ''ignis'', "fire"). It may refer to: * Ignjat Đurđević, Ragusan Croatian baroque poet and translator. * Ignjat Fischer, Croatian architect. * Ignjat Granitz, Croatian Jewish industrialist, philanthropist and publisher. * Ignjat Job, Croatian painter from Dubrovnik. * Ignjat Kirhner (1877–1944), Austro-Hungarian lieutenant, Serbian World War I volunteer, Yugoslav brigadier-general * Ignjat Sopron, Serbian journalist, publisher, and printer. * (1812–1878), Serbian educator * Ignác Martinovics (''Ignjat Martinović''), Hungarian philosopher, political adventurer of Serb origin. * Ignác Gyulay (''Ignjat Đulaj''), Hungarian military officer. Family names * Ignjatić * Ignjatović Ignjatović ( sr-Cyrl, Игњатовић) is a Serbian surname, a patronymic derived from the masculine given name '' Ignjat''. It may refer t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lika
Lika () is a traditional region of Croatia proper, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east by the Malovan pass. Today most of the territory of Lika ( Brinje, Donji Lapac, Gospić, Lovinac, Otočac, Perušić, Plitvička Jezera, Udbina and Vrhovine) is part of Lika-Senj County. Josipdol, Plaški and Saborsko are part of Karlovac County and Gračac is part of Zadar County. Major towns include Gospić, Otočac, and Gračac, most of which are located in the karst poljes of the rivers of Lika, Gacka and others. The Plitvice Lakes National Park is also in Lika. History Antiquity Since the first millennium BC the region was inhabited by Iapydes, an ancient people related to Illyrians. During the Gallic invasion of the Balkans, a division of the Gallic army passed through the territory of today's Lika and a part of this army sett ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaj's Orthography
Gaj's Latin alphabet ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Gajeva latinica, separator=" / ", Гајева латиница}, ), also known as ( sh-Cyrl, абецеда, ) or ( sh-Cyrl, гајица, link=no, ), is the form of the Latin script used for writing Serbo-Croatian and all of its standard varieties: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian. The alphabet was initially devised by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1835 during the Illyrian movement in ethnically Croatian parts of Austrian Empire. It was largely based on Jan Hus's Czech alphabet and was meant to serve as a unified orthography for three Croat-populated kingdoms within the Austrian Empire at the time, namely Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia, and their three dialect groups, Kajkavian, Chakavian and Shtokavian, which historically utilized different spelling rules. A slightly modified version of it was later adopted as the formal Latin writing system for the unified Serbo-Croatian standard language per the Vienna Literary A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Croatian Literary Language
Croatian (; ' ) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language used by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and other neighboring countries. It is the official and literary standard of Croatia and one of the official languages of the European Union. Croatian is also one of the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a recognized minority language in Serbia and neighboring countries. Standard Croatian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian, which is also the basis of Standard Serbian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. In the mid-18th century, the first attempts to provide a Croatian literary standard began on the basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional ''lingua franca'' pushing back regional Chakavian, Kajkavian, and Shtokavian vernaculars. The decisive role was played by Croatian Vukovians, wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slavonia
Slavonia (; hr, Slavonija) is, with Dalmatia, Croatia proper, and Istria, one of the four historical regions of Croatia. Taking up the east of the country, it roughly corresponds with five Croatian counties: Brod-Posavina, Osijek-Baranja, Požega-Slavonia, Virovitica-Podravina, and Vukovar-Syrmia, although the territory of the counties includes Baranya, and the definition of the western extent of Slavonia as a region varies. The counties cover or 22.2% of Croatia, inhabited by 806,192—18.8% of Croatia's population. The largest city in the region is Osijek, followed by Slavonski Brod and Vinkovci. Slavonia is located in the Pannonian Basin, largely bordered by the Danube, Drava, and Sava rivers. In the west, the region consists of the Sava and Drava valleys and the mountains surrounding the Požega Valley, and plains in the east. Slavonia enjoys a moderate continental climate with relatively low precipitation. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
