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Zalmoxes
''Zalmoxes'' is an extinct genus of rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaur from the Maastrichtian of Romania. The genus is known from specimens first named as the species '' Mochlodon robustum'' in 1899 by Franz Nopcsa before being reclassified as ''Rhabdodon robustum'' by him in 1915. In 1990 this name was corrected to ''Rhabdodon robustus'' by George Olshevsky, and in 2003 the species was once more reclassified, this time as the type species ''Zalmoxes robustus''. ''Zalmoxes'' refers to the Dacian deity Zalmoxis, and ''robustus'' to the robustness of the remains. In 2003 another species was named, ''Zalmoxes shqiperorum'', named for the Albanian name for Albanians. History of discovery ''Zalmoxes'' was first known from numerous fossils found in Transylvania, which were named as the species '' Mochlodon robustus'' by Baron Franz Nopcsa in 1899. The specific name referred to its robust build. In 1915 Nopcsa renamed the species as ''Rhabdodon robustum'', amended by in 2003 b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalmoxes Shqiperorum 1
''Zalmoxes'' is an extinct genus of rhabdodontid ornithopod dinosaur from the Maastrichtian of Romania. The genus is known from specimens first named as the species ''Mochlodon robustum'' in 1899 by Franz Nopcsa before being reclassified as ''Rhabdodon robustum'' by him in 1915. In 1990 this name was corrected to ''Rhabdodon robustus'' by George Olshevsky, and in 2003 the species was once more reclassified, this time as the type species ''Zalmoxes robustus''. ''Zalmoxes'' refers to the Dacian deity Zalmoxis, and ''robustus'' to the robustness of the remains. In 2003 another species was named, ''Zalmoxes shqiperorum'', named for the Albanian name for Albanians. History of discovery ''Zalmoxes'' was first known from numerous fossils found in Transylvania, which were named as the species ''Mochlodon robustus'' by Baron Franz Nopcsa in 1899. The specific name referred to its robust build. In 1915 Nopcsa renamed the species as ''Rhabdodon robustum'', amended by in 2003 by David ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdodontidae
Rhabdodontidae is a family of herbivorous iguanodontian ornithopod dinosaurs whose earliest stem members appeared in the middle of the Lower Cretaceous. The oldest dated fossils of these stem members were found in the Barremian Castrillo de la Reina Formation of Spain, dating to approximately 129.4 to 125.0 million years ago. With their deep skulls and jaws, Rhabdodontids were similar to large, robust iguanodonts. The family was first proposed by David B. Weishampel and colleagues in 2003. Rhabdodontid fossils have been mainly found in Europe in formations dating to the Late Cretaceous. The defining characteristics of the clade Rhabdodontidae include the spade-shape of the teeth, the presence of three or more premaxillary teeth, the distinct difference between the two maxillary and dentary teeth ridge patterns, and the uniquely shaped femur, humerus, and ulna. Members of Rhabdodontidae have an adult body length of 1.6 to 6.0 meters. Description Teeth Rhabdodontids have a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2003 In Paleontology
Plants Conifers Angiosperms Gnetophytes Fungi Arthropods Arachnids Insects Conodont paleozoology German paleontologist and stratigraphy, stratigrapher Heinz Walter Kozur (1942-2013) described the conodont genus ''Carnepigondolella''. Vertebrate paleozoology Parareptiles Non-avian dinosaurs Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list. Newly named birds Plesiosaurs Pterosaurs Synapsids Non-mammalian Mammals References {{portal, Paleontology [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mochlodon
''Mochlodon'' is a genus of rhabdodontid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Austria and Hungary. It lived during the Late Cretaceous (85-80 Ma) and two species are known: ''M. suessi'' and ''M. vorosi''. Discovery and species In 1859 coal mine administrator Pawlowitsch notified the University of Vienna that some fossils had been found in the ''Gute Hoffnung'' mine at Muthmannsdorf in Austria. A team headed by geologists Eduard Suess and Ferdinand Stoliczka subsequently uncovered numerous bones of several species, among them those of a euornithopod dinosaur. Stored at the university museum, the finds remained undescribed until they were studied by Emanuel Bunzel from 1870 onwards. Bunzel in 1871 named the euornithopod a new species of ''Iguanodon'': ''Iguanodon suessii''. The specific name honours Suess and is today more often spelled ''suessi''. In 1881 Harry Govier Seeley named a separate genus: ''Mochlodon''. The generic name is derived from Greek ''mokhlos'', "bar", an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zalmoxis
Zalmoxis ( grc-gre, Ζάλμοξις) also known as Salmoxis (Σάλμοξις), Zalmoxes (Ζάλμοξες), Zamolxis (Ζάμολξις), Samolxis (Σάμολξις), Zamolxes (Ζάμολξες), or Zamolxe (Ζάμολξε) is a divinity of the Getae and Dacians (a people of the lower Danube), mentioned by Herodotus in his ''Histories'' Book IV, 93–96, written before 425 BC.http://classics.mit.edu/Herodotus/history.mb.txt According to Jordanes' ''Getica'', he was a learned philosopher, before whom two other learned men existed, by the names of Zeuta and Deceneus. In modern times, theories and debate on Zalmoxis's religion by such scholars as Mircea Eliade are influenced by considerations of Romanian nationalism as well by pure historical interest. Herodotus Herodotus writes about Zalmoxis in book 4 of his ''Histories'': 93. ... the Getae are the bravest of the Thracians and the most just. 94. They believe they are immortal forever living in the following sense: they thin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhabdodon
''Rhabdodon'' (meaning "fluted tooth") is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in Europe approximately 70-66 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous. It is similar in build to a very robust "hypsilophodont" (non-iguanodont ornithopod), though all modern phylogenetic analyses find this to be an unnatural grouping, and ''Rhabdodon'' to be a basal member of Iguanodontia. It was large amongst its relatives, measuring long and weighing , with some specimens possibly reaching up to long. Discovery Two species of ''Rhabdodon'' are known, ''Rhabdodon priscus'', the type species, and ''R. septimanicus'' (Buffetaut and Le Loeuff, 1991). ''Rhabdodon'' remains are currently known from southern France, although fragmentary remains from eastern Spain have been assigned to the genus. ''Rhabdodon'' was large compared to its nearest relatives, and indeed one recent paper ( Ősi ''et al.'' (2012)) determined it is larger than the basal rhabdodontid status; from this they suggested that it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maastrichtian
The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from . The Maastrichtian was preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian (part of the Paleogene and Paleocene). The Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (formerly known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event) occurred at the end of this age. In this mass extinction, many commonly recognized groups such as non-avian dinosaurs, plesiosaurs and mosasaurs, as well as many other lesser-known groups, died out. The cause of the extinction is most commonly linked to an asteroid about wide colliding with Earth, ending the Cretaceous. Stratigraphic definitions Definition The Maastrichtian was introduced into scientific literature by Belgian geologist André Hubert Dumont in 1849, after studying rock strata of the Chalk Group c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Specific Name (zoology)
In zoological nomenclature, the specific name (also specific epithet or species epithet) is the second part (the second name) within the scientific name of a species (a binomen). The first part of the name of a species is the name of the genus or the generic name. The rules and regulations governing the giving of a new species name are explained in the article species description. For example, the scientific name for humans is ''Homo sapiens'', which is the species name, consisting of two names: ''Homo'' is the " generic name" (the name of the genus) and ''sapiens'' is the "specific name". Historically, ''specific name'' referred to the combination of what are now called the generic and specific names. Carl Linnaeus, who formalized binomial nomenclature, made explicit distinctions between specific, generic, and trivial names. The generic name was that of the genus, the first in the binomial, the trivial name was the second name in the binomial, and the specific the proper term for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossils
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the absolute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvania
Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also include the western and northwestern Romanian regions of Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally Banat. Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history. It also contains Romania's second-largest city, Cluj-Napoca, and other iconic cities and towns such as Brașov, Sibiu, Târgu Mureș, Alba Iulia and Sighișoara. It is also the home of some of Romania's List of World Heritage Sites in Romania, UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as the villages with fortified churches in Transylvania, Villages with fortified churches, the Historic Centre of Sighișoara, the Dacian Fortresses of the Orăștie Mountains and the Rosia Montana Mining Cultural Landsc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
