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Xylophanes Crotonis
''Xylophanes crotonis'' is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Francis Walker in 1870. Distribution It is found in Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela and south to Bolivia. Description The wingspan is . the larvae are green, turquoise or purplish with yellow dots. They are without eyespots in the second instar. Sphinx moth caterpillar (Xylophanes crotonis).jpg, caterpillar Sphinx moth caterpillar (Xylophanes crotonis) head.jpg, caterpillar Xylophanes crotonis MHTN CUT 2010 0 53 La Mucuy Venezuela dorsal.jpg, Male, dorsal view Xylophanes crotonis MHTN CUT 2010 0 53 La Mucuy Venezuela ventral.jpg, Male, ventral view Xylophanes crotonis MHTN CUT 2010 0 79 Polin Ecuador female dorsal.jpg, Female dorsal view Xylophanes crotonis MHTN CUT 2010 0 79 Polin Ecuador female ventral.jpg, Female ventral view Biology Adults are on wing year round in Costa Rica. The larvae feed on ''Psychotria correae'', ''Palicourea padifolia'', '' Palicourea salicifolia'', ''Coussarea au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panama
Panama ( , ; es, link=no, Panamá ), officially the Republic of Panama ( es, República de Panamá), is a transcontinental country spanning the southern part of North America and the northern part of South America. It is bordered by Costa Rica to the west, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the south. Its capital and largest city is Panama City, whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half the country's million people. Panama was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century. It broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, a union of Nueva Granada, Ecuador, and Venezuela. After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the United States Army Corps of En ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychotria Correae
''Psychotria'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It contains 1,582 species and is therefore one of the largest genera of flowering plants. The genus has a pantropical distribution and members of the genus are small understorey trees in tropical forests. Some species are endangered or facing extinction due to deforestation, especially species of central Africa and the Pacific. Many species, including ''Psychotria viridis'', produce the psychedelic chemical dimethyltryptamine (DMT). Selected species * '' Psychotria abdita'' * '' Psychotria acutiflora'' * '' Psychotria adamsonii'' * '' Psychotria alsophila'' * '' Psychotria angustata'' * '' Psychotria atricaulis'' * ''Psychotria beddomei'' * '' Psychotria bimbiensis'' * '' Psychotria bryonicola'' * '' Psychotria camerunensis'' * '' Psychotria capensis'' * '' Psychotria carronis'' * '' Psychotria carthagenensis'' * '' Psychotria cathetoneura'' * '' Psychotria cernua' * '' Psychotria chalconeura'' * '' Psycho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xylophanes
''Xylophanes'' is a genus of moths in the family Sphingidae erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. As of 2000, there are about 96 species and subspecies included in the genus.Vaglia, T. et al. (2008)"Morphology and DNA barcoding reveal three cryptic species within the ''Xylophanes neoptolemus'' and ''loelia'' species groups (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)" ''Zootaxa''. 1923 18-36. Species *'' Xylophanes acrus'' Rothschild & Jordan, 1910 *'' Xylophanes adalia'' ( H. Druce, 1881) *'' Xylophanes aglaor'' ( Boisduval, 1875) *'' Xylophanes alexandrei'' Haxaire & Vaglia, 2009 *'' Xylophanes alvarezsierrai'' Alvarez Corral, 2001 *'' Xylophanes amadis'' (Stoll, 1782) *'' Xylophanes anubus'' (Cramer, 1777) *'' Xylophanes aristor'' (Boisduval, 1870) *'' Xylophanes balcazari'' Haxaire & Vaglia, 2008 *'' Xylophanes barbuti'' Haxaire & Eitschberger, 2007 *'' Xylophanes belti'' (H. Druce, 1878) *'' Xylophanes bilineata'' Gehlen, 1928 *'' Xylophanes blanca'' Eitschberger, 2001 *'' Xylophanes ceratomioides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rottboellia Cochinchinensis
''Rottboellia cochinchinensis'' is a species of grass known by the common names Itchgrass,Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., & Herberger, J. P. (1977). The world’s worst weeds. The World’s Worst Weeds.Smith, M. C., Reeder, R. H., & Thomas, M. B. (1997). A Model to Determine the Potential for Biological Control of Rottboellia cochinchinensis with the Head Smut Sporisorium ophiuri. The Journal of Applied Ecology, 34(2), 388. https://doi.org/10.2307/2404884 Raoul grass,Lencse, R. J., & Griffin, J. L. (1991). Itchgrass ( Rottboellia cochinchinensis ) Interference in Sugarcane ( Saccharum sp .) Weed Science. 5(2), 396–399. corngrass,Hafliger, E., & Scholz, H. (1980). Grass weeds I. Weeds of the subfamily Panicoideae. Grass Weeds I. Weeds of the Subfamily Panicoideae. Kokoma grass, Guinea-fowl grass, jointed grass, Shamwa grass and Kelly grass.GBIF Secretariat (2019) Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include ''Coffea'', the source of coffee, '' Cinchona'', the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine, ornamental cultivars (''e.g.'', '' Gardenia'', ''Ixora'', ''Pentas''), and historically some dye plants (''e.g.'', ''Rubia''). Description The Rubiaceae are morphologically easily recognizable as a coherent group by a combination of characters: opposite or whorled leaves that are simple and entire, interpetiolar stipules, tubu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coussarea Caroliana
''Coussarea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found from southern Mexico to tropical America. There are about 120 species. They are shrubs and trees with oppositely arranged leaves and large, showy white flowers with four lobes. The flowers are often fragrant. Selected Rubiaceae Tribes and Genera. Tropicos. Species *'''' Müll.Arg. *'' |
Coussarea Austin-smithii
''Coussarea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found from southern Mexico to tropical America. There are about 120 species. They are shrubs and trees with oppositely arranged leaves and large, showy white flowers with four lobes. The flowers are often fragrant. Selected Rubiaceae Tribes and Genera. Tropicos. Species *'' Coussarea accedens'' Müll.Arg. *'' Coussarea acuminata'' ( |
Palicourea Salicifolia
''Palicourea'' is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 200 species, which range from shrubs to small trees, and is distributed throughout the New World tropics.Taylor (2008) These plants are closely related to '' Psychotria'' and in particular its subgenus ''Heteropsychotria''. Indeed, it seems to be nothing else but a distinctively-flowered offshoot of ''Heteropsychotria''; arguably, it would thus need to be merged into ''Psychotria'' to make that genus monophyletic. On the other hand, ''Psychotria'' is extremely diverse already, so it is probably more practical to move the more distantly related species out of this genus and merge ''Heteropsychotria'' with ''Palicourea''. By a Hungarian botanist Attila Borhidi, some of the ''Psychotria'' species have been transferred into this genus. The genus is not well studied. Most species are distylous, although a few on isolated Caribbean islands seem to have lost the trait. Flowers are in racemes, having no s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palicourea Padifolia
''Palicourea padifolia'' is a species from the genus Palicourea ''Palicourea'' is a plant genus in the family Rubiaceae. It contains about 200 species, which range from shrubs to small trees, and is distributed throughout the New World tropics.Taylor (2008) These plants are closely related to ''Psychotria'' .... References Rubioideae {{rubioideae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Instar
An instar (, from the Latin '' īnstar'', "form", "likeness") is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, between each moult (''ecdysis''), until sexual maturity is reached. Arthropods must shed the exoskeleton in order to grow or assume a new form. Differences between instars can often be seen in altered body proportions, colors, patterns, changes in the number of body segments or head width. After shedding their exoskeleton (moulting), the juvenile arthropods continue in their life cycle until they either pupate or moult again. The instar period of growth is fixed; however, in some insects, like the salvinia stem-borer moth, the number of instars depends on early larval nutrition. Some arthropods can continue to moult after sexual maturity, but the stages between these subsequent moults are generally not called instars. For most insect species, an ''instar'' is the developmental stage of the larval forms of holometabolous (complete metamorphism) or nymphal forms o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francis Walker (entomologist)
Francis Walker (31 July 1809 – 5 October 1874) was an English entomologist. He was born in Southgate, London, on 31 July 1809 and died at Wanstead, England on 5 October 1874. He was one of the most prolific authors in entomology, and stirred controversy during his later life as his publications resulted in a huge number of junior synonyms. However, his assiduous work on the collections of the British Museum had great significance. Between June 1848 and late 1873 Walker was contracted by John Edward Gray Director of the British Museum to catalogue their insects (except Coleoptera) that is Orthoptera, Neuroptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Walker largely accomplished this and (Edwards, 1870) wrote of the plan and by implication those who implemented it “It is to him raythat the Public owe the admirable helps to the study of natural history which have been afforded by the series of inventories, guides, and nomenclatures, the publication of which beg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eyespot (mimicry)
An eyespot (sometimes ocellus) is an eye-like marking. They are found in butterflies, reptiles, cats, birds and fish. Eyespots could be explained in at least three different ways. They may be a form of mimicry in which a spot on the body of an animal resembles an eye of a different animal, to deceive potential predator or prey species. They may be a form of self-mimicry, to draw a predator's attention away from the prey's most vulnerable body parts. Or they may serve to make the prey appear inedible or dangerous. Eyespot markings may play a role in intraspecies communication or courtship; the best-known example is probably the eyespots on a peacock's display feathers. The pattern-forming biological process (morphogenesis) of eyespots in a wide variety of animals is controlled by a small number of genes active in embryonic development, including the genes called Engrailed, Distal-less, Hedgehog, Antennapedia, and the Notch signaling pathway. Artificial eyespots have been sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
