Francis Walker (31 July 1809 – 5 October 1874) was an English
entomologist
Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...
. He was born in
Southgate, London, on 31 July 1809 and died at
Wanstead, England on 5 October 1874. He was one of the most prolific authors in
entomology
Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...
, and stirred controversy during his later life as his publications resulted in a huge number of
junior synonyms. However, his assiduous work on the collections of the British Museum had great significance.
Between June 1848 and late 1873 Walker was contracted by
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoology, zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ...
Director of the
British Museum
The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docume ...
to catalogue their insects (except
Coleoptera) that is
Orthoptera
Orthoptera () is an order of insects that comprises the grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets, including closely related insects, such as the bush crickets or katydids and wētā. The order is subdivided into two suborders: Caelifera – grass ...
,
Neuroptera,
Hemiptera,
Diptera,
Lepidoptera and
Hymenoptera. Walker largely accomplished this and (Edwards, 1870) wrote of the plan and by implication those who implemented it “It is to him
ray
Ray may refer to:
Fish
* Ray (fish), any cartilaginous fish of the superorder Batoidea
* Ray (fish fin anatomy), a bony or horny spine on a fin
Science and mathematics
* Ray (geometry), half of a line proceeding from an initial point
* Ray (g ...
that the Public owe the admirable helps to the study of natural history which have been afforded by the series of inventories, guides, and nomenclatures, the publication of which began, at his instance, in the year 1844, and has been unceasingly pursued. A mere list of the various printed synopses which have grown out of Dr. Gray’s suggestion of 1844 would fill many such pages as that which the reader has now before him. The consequence is, that in no department of the Museum can the student, as yet, economise his time as he can economise it in the Natural-History Department. ''Printed'', not Manuscript, Catalogues mean time saved; disappointment avoided; study fructified. No literary labour brings so little of credit as does the work of the Catalogue-maker. None better deserves the gratitude of scholars, as well as of the general mass of visitors". As a result of the catalogues an immense amount of material was added to the collections.
Collaborating with
Alexander Henry Haliday, a lifelong friend, he was one of the first students of the
Chalcidoidea. He was also a close friend of
John Curtis. Walker was a member of the
Entomological Society. Walker's specimens are in the
Natural History Museum, London;
Hope Department of Entomology
The Oxford University Museum of Natural History, sometimes known simply as the Oxford University Museum or OUMNH, is a museum displaying many of the University of Oxford's natural history specimens, located on Parks Road in Oxford, England. It a ...
, University of Oxford; the
National Museum of Ireland, Dublin;
Zoologische Staatssammlung München
The Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (german: Zoologische Staatssammlung München) or ZSM is a major German research institution for zoological systematics in Munich. It has over 20 million zoological specimens. It is one of the largest na ...
and the
School of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt.
Family and childhood
Francis Walker was the son of John Walker of
Arnos Grove, who was a
fellow
A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context.
In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements.
Within the context of higher education ...
of the
Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences. The society fulfils a number of roles: promoting science and its benefits, r ...
, the
Linnean Society and the
Royal Horticultural Society
The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.
The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr (No ...
. Born into a wealthy and educated
Quaker
Quakers are people who belong to a historically Protestant Christian set of Christian denomination, denominations known formally as the Religious Society of Friends. Members of these movements ("theFriends") are generally united by a belie ...
family, Francis spent the years 1816 (when he was seven years old) to 1820 (when he was eleven) in Switzerland at
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situ ...
,
Lucerne and
Vevey where the family party was joined by
Madame de Staël Madame may refer to:
* Madam, civility title or form of address for women, derived from the French
* Madam (prostitution), a term for a woman who is engaged in the business of procuring prostitutes, usually the manager of a brothel
* ''Madame'' ( ...
, the poet
Lord Byron
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824), known simply as Lord Byron, was an English romantic poet and Peerage of the United Kingdom, peer. He was one of the leading figures of the Romantic movement, and h ...
and some Swiss naturalists gathered around
Nicolas Théodore de Saussure. With his brother Henry (1825–1892), Francis collected
butterflies
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises t ...
on an ascent of
Mount Pilatus
Pilatus, also often referred to as Mount Pilatus, is a mountain massif overlooking Lucerne in Central Switzerland. It is composed of several peaks, of which the highest () is named ''Tomlishorn''.
Geography and transport
The whole mountain ...
in 1818 and so was an entomologist at age nine. In 1840 Walker married Mary Elizabeth Ford. He lived at Arnos Grove and at 49
Bedford Square which housed the collections of the Entomological Club founded in 1826 by
George Samouelle
George Samouelle (–1846) was a curator in the British Museum (Natural History) of "no real scientific aptitude".
Originally employed as a bookseller for Longman & Co., Samouelle joined the Natural History Museum at the same time as William Elf ...
and
Edward Newman among others. He relied on family money for his main income.
In 1834, Walker, a life long friend of another Quaker
Edward Newman , took up the editorship of the ''
Entomological Magazine'' unpaid for one year. In 1837, he began working on a contract basis for the
British Museum
The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docume ...
where he remained until 1863.
Recreation
Walker was a traveller with a liking for mountains. His known trips are:
* 1830 – An extended trip to France with the entomologist
John Curtis establishing a lifelong friendship. They visited
Fontainebleau Montpellier,
Nantes
Nantes (, , ; Gallo: or ; ) is a city in Loire-Atlantique on the Loire, from the Atlantic coast. The city is the sixth largest in France, with a population of 314,138 in Nantes proper and a metropolitan area of nearly 1 million inhabit ...
and
Vaucluse, sightseeing and collecting insects, particularly
Satyridae. The trip ended in
Jersey
Jersey ( , ; nrf, Jèrri, label=Jèrriais ), officially the Bailiwick of Jersey (french: Bailliage de Jersey, links=no; Jèrriais: ), is an island country and self-governing Crown Dependencies, Crown Dependency near the coast of north-west F ...
.
*1836 – A three-month collecting trip to
Lapland
Lapland may refer to:
Places
*Lapland or Sápmi, an ethno-cultural region stretching over northern Fennoscandia (parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia)
**Lapland (Finland) (''Lappi''/''Lappland''), a Finnish region
*** Lapland (former pr ...
with William Christy, Jr. and W.D. Hooker.
*1848 – A trip to
Thanet Thanet may refer to:
*Isle of Thanet, a former island, now a peninsula, at the most easterly point of Kent, England
*Thanet District, a local government district containing the island
*Thanet College, former name of East Kent College
*Thanet Canal, ...
.
*1849 – With his new bride Elizabeth May a summer in Switzerland. They also went to the
Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight ( ) is a Counties of England, county in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, from which it is separated by the Solent. It is the List of islands of England#Largest islands, largest and List of islands of England#Mo ...
.
*1857 – Collecting and visiting museums in
Calais
Calais ( , , traditionally , ) is a port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture. Although Calais is by far the largest city in Pas-de-Calais, the department's prefecture is its third-largest city of Arras. The p ...
,
Rouen, Paris,
Strasbourg,
Aix (for fossil insects),
Baden-Baden
Baden-Baden () is a spa town in the state of Baden-Württemberg, south-western Germany, at the north-western border of the Black Forest mountain range on the small river Oos, ten kilometres (six miles) east of the Rhine, the border with France, ...
,
Heidelberg,
Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden () is a city in central western Germany and the capital of the state of Hesse. , it had 290,955 inhabitants, plus approximately 21,000 United States citizens (mostly associated with the United States Army). The Wiesbaden urban area ...
,
Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its ...
,
Mainz
Mainz () is the capital and largest city of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
Mainz is on the left bank of the Rhine, opposite to the place that the Main joins the Rhine. Downstream of the confluence, the Rhine flows to the north-west, with Ma ...
,
Cologne
Cologne ( ; german: Köln ; ksh, Kölle ) is the largest city of the German western state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and the fourth-most populous city of Germany with 1.1 million inhabitants in the city proper and 3.6 millio ...
,
Brussels
Brussels (french: Bruxelles or ; nl, Brussel ), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (french: link=no, Région de Bruxelles-Capitale; nl, link=no, Bruss ...
, and
Antwerp. Most of the time was spent in the
Black Forest
The Black Forest (german: Schwarzwald ) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany, bounded by the Rhine Valley to the west and south and close to the borders with France and Switzerland. It is ...
.
*1861 –
North Devon
*1863 – In the
Lake District
*1865 –
North Wales
North Wales ( cy, Gogledd Cymru) is a region of Wales, encompassing its northernmost areas. It borders Mid Wales to the south, England to the east, and the Irish Sea to the north and west. The area is highly mountainous and rural, with Snowdonia N ...
and Ireland but most of 1865 was spent on the continent, in Paris,
Geneva
Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situ ...
,
Lucerne,
Interlaken and
Altdorf. He again ascended Mount Pilatus and went to
Mürren,
Kandersteg,
Oeschinen See and climbed to the
Gemmi Pass.
*1867 –
Col de Voza,
Mer de Glace, the Tête Noire Pass on the way from
Martigny to
Chamonix
Chamonix-Mont-Blanc ( frp, Chamôni), more commonly known as Chamonix, is a commune in the Haute-Savoie department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. It was the site of the first Winter Olympics in 1924. In 2019, it ha ...
,
Sion,
Great St Bernard Pass,
Saint-Maurice,
Villeneuve
Villeneuve, LaVilleneuve or deVilleneuve may refer to:
People
* Villeneuve (surname)
Places
Australia
* Villeneuve, Queensland, a town in the Somerset Region
Canada
* Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, a Formula One racetrack in Montréal
* Villeneuv ...
and Geneva.
*1868 –
Isle of Man,
Holyhead,
North Wales
North Wales ( cy, Gogledd Cymru) is a region of Wales, encompassing its northernmost areas. It borders Mid Wales to the south, England to the east, and the Irish Sea to the north and west. The area is highly mountainous and rural, with Snowdonia N ...
including
Llanberis.
*1870 –
Llanberis and North Wales.
*1872 – Rome,
Pisa
Pisa ( , or ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa. Although Pisa is known worldwide for its leaning tower, the ...
,
Lucca
Lucca ( , ) is a city and ''comune'' in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain near the Ligurian Sea. The city has a population of about 89,000, while its province has a population of 383,957.
Lucca is known as ...
,
Florence
Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico ...
,
Naples
Naples (; it, Napoli ; nap, Napule ), from grc, Νεάπολις, Neápolis, lit=new city. is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest city of Italy, after Rome and Milan, with a population of 909,048 within the city's adminis ...
,
Sorrento,
Capri,
Milan
Milan ( , , Lombard language, Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the List of cities in Italy, second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4  ...
,
Venice
Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 bridges. The isla ...
,
Lake Como,
Lake Maggiore
Lake Maggiore (, ; it, Lago Maggiore ; lmo, label= Western Lombard, Lagh Maggior; pms, Lagh Magior; literally 'Greater Lake') or Verbano (; la, Lacus Verbanus) is a large lake located on the south side of the Alps. It is the second largest l ...
.
*1874 –
Land's End
Land's End ( kw, Penn an Wlas or ''Pedn an Wlas'') is a headland and tourist and holiday complex in western Cornwall, England, on the Penwith peninsula about west-south-west of Penzance at the western end of the A30 road. To the east of it i ...
and
Scilly Isles.
Major works
*''
Monographia Chalciditum
''Monographia Chalciditum'' by Francis Walker, published in two volumes in 1839, was a founding work of entomology, introducing new genera of chalcidoid Hymenoptera later to be ranked as families. The work is a compilation of descriptions publ ...
''. Hypolitus Balliére, 219, Regent Street, London, J. B. Balliére, 13, Rue d' École de Médecine, Paris, J. and G. Weigel, Leipsig (Leipzig, Germany)(1839)
*''
Insecta Britannica Diptera
''Insecta Britannica Diptera'' is a seminal work of entomology by Francis Walker. The work spans three volumes; a fourth volume was never published. Parts of the work were credited by Walker to Alexander Henry Haliday, including the characters and ...
'' 3 vols. London (1851–1856) contrary to his usual practise this includes a lower number of species than were previously recorded by Curtis in the Diptera section of
A Guide to the Arrangement of British Insects
''A guide to the arrangement of British insects'' is a seminal work of entomology. A monumental piece of work with over 10,000 insect names it was intended for the author's own use, but pressure for publication grew until it appeared in 1829. Uniq ...
(part authored by Walker himself)
* 1846–1873, Walker’s catalogues of the Insects of the British Museum with titles such as “Catalogues of ...” or “List of the Specimens of ... comprise 67 tiny duodecimo-sized, blue-wrappered volumes of almost 17,000 pages containing listings, descriptions, and diagnoses of more than 46,000 species, of which close to 16,000 species were described as new.The inventories were of all orders of insects (except portions of the Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, and all of the Coleoptera).They are orderly taxonomic syntheses where the main literature sources for described species were presented and synonymies were listed for described species.Keys to genera were given diagnosing almost all the species listed.
Different views of Walker
Walker is notable in the present time for the large number of synonymous
taxa
In biology, a taxon ( back-formation from '' taxonomy''; plural taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular n ...
he described. A careless
taxonomist by today's standards, he often gave more than one name to the same
species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...
. In this respect, however, he was no worse than many entomologists of his time; what makes for the more common occurrence of Walker's taxa in synonymy is the sheer volume of his work.
An unsigned obituary began "More than twenty years too late for his scientific reputation, and after having done an amount of injury almost inconceivable in its immensity, Francis Walker has passed from among us".
Edward Newman, in contrast described him as the "most voluminous and most industrious writer on Entomology this country has ever produced" and said of him "I never met anyone who possessed more correct, more diversified, or more general information, or who imparted that information to others with greater readiness and kindness."
Kenneth G.V. Smith wrote:
Publication list
partial (Walker wrote over 300 scientific papers and notes).
*1833. Monographia chalcidum (continued from page 384). ''Entomological Magazine''. 1(5): 455–466.
*1834. Monographia chalciditum (continued from Vol. I. page 466.). ''Entomological Magazine''. 2: 13–39.
*1834. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 39). ''Entomological Magazine''. 2(2): 148–179.
*1834. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 179.). ''Entomological Magazine''. 2: 286–309.
*1834. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 309). ''Entomological Magazine''. 2(4): 340–369.
*1835. Characters of some undescribed
New Holland Diptera. ''Entomological Magazine''. 2(5): 468–473.
*1835. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 369). ''Entomological Magazine''. 2(5): 476–502.
*1835. Monographia chalciditum (continued from Vol. II., page 502.). ''Entomological Magazine''. 3(1): 94–97.
*1835. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 97.). ''Entomological Magazine''. 3: 182–206.
*1836. Monographia chalciditum (continued from p. 206.). ''Entomological Magazine''. 3(5): 465–496.
*1837. Monographia chalciditum (continued from Vol. III. p. 496.). ''Entomological Magazine''. 4(1): 9–26.
*1838. Descriptions of British chalcidites. ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (1)1(4): 307–312.
*1838. Descriptions of British chalcidites.
ontinuation from p. 312''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (1)1(5): 381–387.
*1839. ''Monographia Chalciditum''. Volume 1. Balliere, London. 333 pp.
*1839. ''Monographia Chalciditum''. Volume 2. Balliere, London. 100 pp.
*1843. Description des Chalcidites trouve au bluff de Saint-Jean, dans la Floride orientale; par MM. E. Doubleday et R. Forster. Premier mire. ''Annales de la Société Entomologique de France''. (2)1: 145–162.
*1846. Characters of some undescribed species of chalcidites. (Continued from p. 115). ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (1)17(111): 177–185.
*1846. Part I—Chalcidites. pp. 1–100 In: ''List of the Specimens of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Printed by order of the Trustees, London. vi + 237 pp.
*1849. ''List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part II. Printed by order of the Trustees
ritish Museum London. 231–484 pp.
*1849. ''List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part III. Printed by order of the Trustees
ritish Museum London. 485–687 pp.
*1849. ''List of the Specimens of Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part IV. Printed by order of the Trustees
ritish Museum London. 689–1172 pp.
*1850. Descriptions of aphides. (Continued from vol. v. p. 395). ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (2)6(31): 41–48.
*1850-1956 ''Insecta Saundersiana'' or, ''Characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders'' John Van Voorst. privately printed booklets on various orders of insects in the collection of
William Wilson Saundersbr>
pdfSaunders arranged for Walker to write the parts on Diptera and later, the Homoptera.
*1851. ''List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part II. British Museum, London. 1188 pp.
*1852. Diptera. Part I. pp. 1–75 In: ''Insecta Saundersiana: Or Characters of Undescribed Species in the Collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.'' Vol. I. John Van Voorst, London. 474 pp.
*1852. ''List of the Specimens of Homopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part IV. British Museum, London. 1188 pp.
*1853. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part II. – Sialides-Nemopterides. British Museum, London. 193–476 pp.
*1853. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part III. – (Termitidae-Ephemeridae). British Museum, London. 477–585 pp.
*1855. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part V. Lepidoptera Heterocera. British Museum (Natural History), London. 977–1257 pp.
*1856. Diptera. Part V. pp. 415–474 In: ''Insecta Saundersiana: Or Characters of Undescribed Species in the Collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.'' Vol. I. John Van Voorst, London. 474 pp.
*1856. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part IX.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1–252 pp.
*1856. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part X.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 253–491 pp.
*1856. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part VIII.–-Sphingidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1–271 pp.
*1857. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 1: 4–39.
*1857. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 1: 105–136.
*1857: Catalogue of the homopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with description of new species. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 1: 141–175.
*1857. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XIII.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 983–1236 pp.
*1857. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W. W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c.
art Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (n.s.). 4: 119–158.
*1858. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (3)2(9): 202–209.
*1858. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. (Continued from p. 209). ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (3)2(10): 280–286.
*1858. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XIV.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London.
*1858. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XV.--Noctuidae. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1521–1888 pp.
*1858. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XVI.--Deltoides. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1–253 pp.
*1858. Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W.W. Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., &c. ''Transactions of the Entomological Society of London''. (2)4(6): 190–235.
*1859. Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects. (Continued from p. 56). ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. (3)3(16): 258–265.
*1859. Catalogue of dipterous insects collected in the Aru Islands by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 3: 77–131.
*1859. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 4: 90–172.
*1859. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XVII.--Pyralides. British Museum (Natural History), London. 255–508 pp.
*1859. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XIX.--Pyralides. British Museum (Natural History), London. 799–1036 pp.
*1860
Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon insects ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History''. Volume: 5, Series 3, Pages: 304–311.
*1859
860
__NOTOC__
Year 860 ( DCCCLX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* June 18 – Byzantine–Rus' War: A fleet of about 200 Rus' vessel ...
Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in the Celebes by
A.R. Wallace, Esq., with descriptions of new species
art''Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society'' 4:90-144
*1861. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Amboyna by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 5: 144–168.
*1861. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXII.--Geometrites (continued). British Museum (Natural History), London. 499–755.
*1861. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XVIII.--Geometrites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 757–1020 pp.
*1862. Catalogue of the heterocerous lepidopterous insects collected at Sarawak, in Borneo, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. (Continued from page 145). ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 6: 171–198.
*1863. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXVII. Crambites & Tortricites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1–286 pp.
*1863. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXVIII. Tortricites & Tineites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 287–561 pp.
*1864. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXIX. Tineites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 533–835 pp.
*1864. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXX. Tineites. British Museum (Natural History), London. 837–1096 pp.
*1865. Descriptions of new species of the dipterous insects of New Guinea. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 8: 102–130.
*1865. Descriptions of some New Species of Dipterous Insects from the Island of Salwatty, near New Guinea. ''Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society: Zoology''. 8: 130–136.
*1865. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXXII. Supplement.--Part 2. British Museum (Natural History), London. 323–706 pp.
*1866. ''List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part XXXIV. Supplement.--Part 4. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1121–1533 pp.
*1866. Appendix. A list of mammals, birds, insects, reptiles, fishes, shells, annelides, and Diatomaceae, collected by myself in British Columbia and Vancouver Island, with notes on their habits.
ist of Coleoptera
Ist or IST may refer to:
Information Science and Technology
* Bachelor's or Master's degree in Information Science and Technology
* Graduate School / Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Japan
* Graduate School ...
pp. 309–334 In:
John Keast Lord. ''The Naturalist in Vancouver Island and British Columbia''. Richard Bentley, London. 375 pp.
*1868. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum''. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London. 239 pp.
*1869. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supplement to the Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum''.
art I.
Art is a diverse range of human activity, and resulting product, that involves creative or imaginative talent expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas.
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British Museum, London. 1–224 pp.
*1869. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part II.
ocustidae (contd.).British Museum, London. 225–423 pp.
*1870. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum''. Part III.
ocustidae (contd.), Acrididae.British Museum, London. 425–604 pp.
*1871. ''Notes on Chalcidiae''. Part I. Eurytomidae. E.W. Janson, London. 1–17 pp.
*1871. ''List of Diptera collected in Egypt and Arabia, by J. K. Lord, Esq., with descriptions of the species new to science''. ''Entomologist'' 5: 255–263
*1872. ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Heteropterous Hemiptera in the Collection of the British Museum''. 5. Printed for the Trustees of the British Museum, London. 1–202 pp.
See also
*
:Taxa named by Francis Walker (entomologist)
References
General references
*
*
*
External links
Plates from ''
Insecta Britannica Diptera
''Insecta Britannica Diptera'' is a seminal work of entomology by Francis Walker. The work spans three volumes; a fourth volume was never published. Parts of the work were credited by Walker to Alexander Henry Haliday, including the characters and ...
''
Internet Archivehas digitised versions of ''
Insecta Britannica Diptera
''Insecta Britannica Diptera'' is a seminal work of entomology by Francis Walker. The work spans three volumes; a fourth volume was never published. Parts of the work were credited by Walker to Alexander Henry Haliday, including the characters and ...
'' (all three published volumes) and ''List of the ... Homopterous Insects in the ... Museum''. (1852) Volume 4; ''List of the Specimens of the Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. (1846–48) pt. I. Chalcidites.--pt. II. Chalcidites. Additional species and ''Catalogue of the Specimens of Neuropterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum''. (1852–53) pt. I. Phryganides. Perlides.--pt. II. Sialid. Nemopterides.--pt. III. Termitid. Ephemerid.--pt. IV. Odonata
— and
''Characters of Undescribed Lepidoptera Heterocera''London, Janson (1869)
* with
John Edward Gray
John Edward Gray, Fellow of the Royal Society, FRS (12 February 1800 – 7 March 1875) was a British zoology, zoologist. He was the elder brother of zoologist George Robert Gray and son of the pharmacologist and botanist Samuel Frederick Gray ...
''Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria and Supplement of the Blattariæ in the Collection of the British Museum''. London, printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum (1869–1870
1869–1870 Volume 1 11869–1870 Volume 2 11869–1870 Volume 3 1Universal Chalcidoid Database pdfs of Walker's publications on Chalcidoids.
EOL''
Encyclopedia of Life
The ''Encyclopedia of Life'' (''EOL'') is a free, online encyclopedia intended to document all of the 1.9 million living species known to science. It is compiled from existing trusted databases curated by experts and with the assistance of no ...
'' Taxa described by Francis Walker. Complete. Sometimes has very detailed links to older literature.
Systema Dipterorum Nomenclator Full list of Diptera taxa described by Francis Walker
Gaedike, R.; Groll, E. K. & Taeger, A. 2012: Bibliography of the entomological literature from the beginning until 1863: online database – version 1.0 – Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Francis
1809 births
1874 deaths
Dipterists
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Employees of the Natural History Museum, London
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Francis
Francis may refer to:
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*Pope Francis, the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State and Bishop of Rome
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