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Xanthocyparis
''Xanthocyparis'' is a genus of cypresses in the family Cupressaceae. , it has only one species, ''Xanthocyparis vietnamensis'', native to Vietnam and southeast China. It is commonly known as the Vietnamese golden cypress. The Nootka cypress, ''Cupressus nootkatensis'' or ''Callitropsis nootkatensis'', was also placed in the genus, but this has been rejected. Taxonomy In 2002, Aljos Farjon and others described the new genus ''Xanthocyparis'' to accommodate the new Vietnamese species '' X. vietnamensis'' and another species, the Nootka cypress, which had been formerly included in the genus ''Chamaecyparis'' as ''C. nootkatensis''. This was based in part on the discovery that ''C. nootkatensis'' was more closely related to the genus ''Cupressus'' than to ''Chamaecyparis''. In 2004, Damon Little and others, while confirming the above relationship with further evidence, pointed out that as circumscribed by Farjon ''et al.'', ''Xanthocyparis'' included the type species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthocyparis Vietnamensis
''Xanthocyparis'' is a genus of cypresses in the family Cupressaceae. , it has only one species, ''Xanthocyparis vietnamensis'', native to Vietnam and southeast China. It is commonly known as the Vietnamese golden cypress. The Nootka cypress, '' Cupressus nootkatensis'' or ''Callitropsis nootkatensis'', was also placed in the genus, but this has been rejected. Taxonomy In 2002, Aljos Farjon and others described the new genus ''Xanthocyparis'' to accommodate the new Vietnamese species '' X. vietnamensis'' and another species, the Nootka cypress, which had been formerly included in the genus '' Chamaecyparis'' as ''C. nootkatensis''. This was based in part on the discovery that ''C. nootkatensis'' was more closely related to the genus '' Cupressus'' than to ''Chamaecyparis''. In 2004, Damon Little and others, while confirming the above relationship with further evidence, pointed out that as circumscribed by Farjon ''et al.'', ''Xanthocyparis'' included the type sp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressus Nootkatensis
''Callitropsis nootkatensis'', formerly known as ''Cupressus nootkatensis'' ( syn. ''Xanthocyparis nootkatensis'') is a species of trees in the cypress family native to the coastal regions of northwestern North America. This species goes by many common names including: Nootka cypress, yellow cypress, Alaska cypress, Nootka cedar, yellow cedar, Alaska cedar, and Alaska yellow cedar. The specific epithet "nootkatensis" is derived from its discovery by Europeans on the lands of a First Nation of Canada, those lands of the Nuu-chah-nulth people of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, who were formerly referred to as the Nootka. Description ''Callitropsis nootkatensis'' is an evergreen tree growing up to tall, exceptionally , with diameters up to . The bark is thin, smooth and purplish when young, turning flaky and gray. The branches are commonly pendulous, with foliage in flat sprays and dark green scale-leaves measuring long. The cones, maturing biannually, have 4 (occasionally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressus
''Cupressus'' is one of several genera of evergreen conifers within the family Cupressaceae that have the common name cypress; for the others, see cypress. It is considered a polyphyletic group. Based on genetic and morphological analysis, the genus ''Cupressus'' is found in the subfamily Cupressoideae. The common name "cypress" comes via the Old French ''cipres'' from the Latin ''cyparissus'', which is the latinisation of the Greek κυπάρισσος (''kypárissos''). Taxonomy There has long been significant uncertainty about the New World members of ''Cupressus'', with several studies recovering them as forming a distinct clade from the Old World members. A 2021 molecular study found ''Cupressus'' to be the sister genus to ''Juniperus'', whereas the western members (classified in '' Callitropsis'' and ''Hesperocyparis'') were found to be sister to ''Xanthocyparis''. Description They are evergreen trees or large shrubs, growing to 5–40 m tall. The leaves are scale-lik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress family, with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27–30 genera (17 monotypic), which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130–140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or (rarely) dioecious trees and shrubs up to tall. The bark of mature trees is commonly orange- to red- brown and of stringy texture, often flaking or peeling in vertical strips, but smooth, scaly or hard and square-cracked in some species. Description The leaves are arranged either spirally, in decussate pairs (opposite pairs, each pair at 90° to the previous pair) or in decussate whorls of three or four, depending on the genus. On young plants, the leaves are needle-like, becoming small and scale-like on mature plants of many genera; some genera and species retain needle-like leaves throughout their lives. Old leaves are mostly not shed individually, but in small sprays of foliage (cladoptosis); exceptions are leaves on the s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamaecyparis
''Chamaecyparis'', common names cypress or false cypress (to distinguish it from related cypresses), is a genus of conifers in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to eastern Asia (Japan and Taiwan) and to the western and eastern margins of the United States. The name is derived from the Greek ''khamai'' (χαμαί), meaning "on the earth", and ''kuparissos'' (κυπάρισσος) for "cypress". They are medium-sized to large evergreen trees growing from tall, with foliage in flat sprays. The leaves are of two types, needle-like juvenile leaves on young seedlings up to a year old, and scale-like adult leaves. The cones are globose to oval, with 8-14 scales arranged in opposite decussate pairs; each scale bears 2-4 small seeds. ;Species # ''Chamaecyparis formosensis'' Matsum. - Taiwan # ''Chamaecyparis lawsoniana'' (A.Murray) Parl., Port Orford cedar or Lawson cypress - California, Oregon, Washington # '' Chamaecyparis obtusa'' (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. - Japan # '' Chamaecy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hesperocyparis
''Hesperocyparis'' (western cypress) is a genus of trees in the family Cupressaceae, containing North American species otherwise assigned to the genus ''Cupressus''. They are found throughout western North America. Only a few species have wide ranges, with most being restricted-range endemics. Members of ''Hesperocyparis'' were and still are placed in ''Cupressus'' by many authorities, but phylogenetic evidence supports a different affinity. A 2021 molecular study found ''Hesperocyparis'' to be the sister group to the genus '' Callitropsis'' (containing only the Nootka cypress), with this clade being sister to the Asian genus ''Xanthocyparis'', containing only the Vietnamese golden cypress. The clade comprising all three genera was found to be sister to a clade containing ''Juniperus'' and ''Cupressus sensu stricto''. This genus contains the following species: *'' Hesperocyparis abramsiana'' (C. B. Wolf) Bartel *''Hesperocyparis arizonica'' (Greene) Bartel *''Hesperocyparis baker ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juniperus
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus ''Juniperus'' () of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on the taxonomy, between 50 and 67 species of junipers are widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa, throughout parts of western, central and southern Asia, east to eastern Tibet in the Old World, and in the mountains of Central America. The highest-known juniper forest occurs at an altitude of in southeastern Tibet and the northern Himalayas, creating one of the highest tree lines on earth. Description Junipers vary in size and shape from tall trees, tall, to columnar or low-spreading shrubs with long, trailing branches. They are evergreen with needle-like and/or scale-like leaves. They can be either monoecious or dioecious. The female seed cones are very distinctive, with fleshy, fruit-like coalescing scales which fuse together to form a berrylike structure (galbulus), long, with one to 12 unwing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karst
Karst is a topography formed from the dissolution of soluble rocks such as limestone, dolomite, and gypsum. It is characterized by underground drainage systems with sinkholes and caves. It has also been documented for more weathering-resistant rocks, such as quartzite, given the right conditions. Subterranean drainage may limit surface water, with few to no rivers or lakes. However, in regions where the dissolved bedrock is covered (perhaps by debris) or confined by one or more superimposed non-soluble rock strata, distinctive karst features may occur only at subsurface levels and can be totally missing above ground. The study of ''paleokarst'' (buried karst in the stratigraphic column) is important in petroleum geology because as much as 50% of the world's hydrocarbon reserves are hosted in carbonate rock, and much of this is found in porous karst systems. Etymology The English word ''karst'' was borrowed from German in the late 19th century, which entered German much earlier ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sister Group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and taxon B are sister groups to each other. Taxa A and B, together with any other extant or extinct descendants of their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), form a monophyletic group, the clade AB. Clade AB and taxon C are also sister groups. Taxa A, B, and C, together with all other descendants of their MRCA form the clade ABC. The whole clade ABC is itself a subtree of a larger tree which offers yet more sister group relationships, both among the leaves and among larger, more deeply rooted clades. The tree structure shown connects through its root to the rest of the universal tree of life. In cladistic standards, taxa A, B, and C may represent specimens, species, genera, or any other taxonomic units. If A and B are at the same taxonomic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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