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Western Non-interpolations
Western non-interpolations is a term coined by F. J. A. Hort for certain phrases that are absent in the Western text-type of New Testament manuscripts, but present in one of the two major other text-types. The Alexandrian text-type is generally terse or concise; the Western text-type is larger and paraphrased at places (using more words to convey a similar meaning); the Byzantine text-type is a combination of those two. Nevertheless, the Western text is in certain places shorter than the Alexandrian text. All these shorter readings Hort named ''Western non-interpolations''. Because New Testament scholars have generally preferred the shorter reading – ''lectio brevior'' – of textual variants since the 19th century, B. F. Westcott and F. J. A. Hort concluded that these shorter readings in Western manuscripts represented the authentic original Biblical text. When they printed ''The New Testament in the Original Greek'' (1882), in almost all cases, it followed the Alexandrian text ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The New Testament In The Original Greek - Introduction And Appendix (1882)
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of pronoun ''thee'') when followed by a v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Regius (New Testament)
Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 56 ( von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia. Description The codex is made of 257 thick parchment leaves (), containing an almost complete text of the four Gospels, with the following lacunae: Matt 4:22-5:14, 28:17-20, Mark 10:16-30, 15:2-20, John 21:15-25. The text is written in two columns per page, 25 lines per page, in large, not round uncial letters. It has breathings (''spiritus asper'', '' spiritus lenis''), and accents often added wrongly. It is carelessly written by an ignorant scribe. The letter φ is enormously large, the letter α presents the last stage of the uncial script. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given in the margin, and their (''titles'') at the top of the pages. It also contains the tables of (''table of contents ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Sangallensis 48
Codex Sangallensis, designated by Δ or 037 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 76 ( von Soden), is a Greek-Latin diglot uncial manuscript of the four Gospels. It is usually dated palaeographically to the 9th century CE, though a few palaeographers would place it in the 10th century CE. It was named by Scholz in 1830. Description The codex contains 198 parchment leaves, in size. The text is written in one column per page, and 17-28 lines per page, in large semi-uncial letters. The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels with only one lacuna of John 19:17-35. The Latin text is written above the Greek (as in Codex Boernerianus), and in minuscule letters. It is decorated, but the decorations were made by an inartistic hand. The manuscript Vorlage from which Sangallensis was copied was likely written stichometrically. The text is divided according to Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons in Roman letters ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Washingtonianus
The Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 014 ( Soden), also called the ''Washington Manuscript of the Gospels'', and ''The Freer Gospel'', contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the 4th or 5th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex is made from 187 parchment leaves (20.5–21 cm by 13-14.5 cm) with painted wooden covers, consisting of 26 quires (four to eight leaves). The text is written in one column per page, 30 lines per page. There are numerous corrections made by the original scribe and a few corrections dating to the late 5th or 6th century. John 1:1-5:11 is a replacement of a presumably damaged folio, and dates to around the 7th century. Mark 15:13-38 and John 14:26-16:7 are lacking. The ink is dark brown. The words are written continuously without separation. Accents are absent. The rough breathing mark is used very rarely. Like in Codex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Vaticanus 354
Codex Vaticanus, designated by S or 028 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 1027 ( von Soden), formerly called ''Codex Guelpherbytanus'', is a Greek manuscript of the four Gospels which can be dated to a specific year instead of an estimated range. The colophon of the codex lists the date as 949 (on folio 234 verso). This manuscript is one of the four oldest New Testament manuscripts dated in this manner, and the only dated uncial. The manuscript has complex contents. Description The codex contains 235 parchment leaves (), with complete text of the four Gospels. The text is written in two columns per page, 27 lines per page, 15-17 letters per line. It is written in large, oblong, and compressed uncial letters. It has no breathings and accents. The nomina sacra are written in an abbreviated way. The text is divided according to the (''chapters''), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (''titles of chapters'') at the top. There is also a division according to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus is designated as "M" or "021" in the Gregory-Aland cataloging system and as "ε 72" in the Von Soden system. It is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript has complex contents. It has marginalia and was prepared for liturgical (religious) use. The text of the manuscript was held in high esteem by some 19th-century scholars, but this general opinion changed in the 20th century; as a result the manuscript is rarely cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament. Description The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospels, on 257 parchment leaves each approximately . The leaves are arranged in quarto and the text is written in two columns per page, 24 lines per column, in very elegant and small uncial letters, with breathings and accents (in red). The letters are similar to those from Codex Mosquensis II. The liturgical notes at the margin are written in minuscule letters. Accordi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Cyprius
Codex Cyprius, designated by Ke or 017 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 71 ( von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, on parchment. It has been variously dated (8th–11th centuries), but it is currently dated to the 9th century. It was brought from Cyprus (hence name of the codex) to Paris. Sometimes it was called Codex Colbertinus 5149 (from its then place of housing). It is one of the very few uncial manuscripts with the complete text of the four Gospels, and it is one of the more important late uncial manuscripts. The text of the codex was examined by many scholars. It mainly represents the Byzantine text-type, but it has numerous peculiar readings. Although its text is not highly estimated by present textual critics, and a full collation of its text was never made or published, it is often cited in critical editions of the Greek New Testament. Description The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels. The entire work is arranged on 267 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Seidelianus II
Codex Seidelianus II designated by He or 013 (in the Biblical manuscript#Gregory-Aland, Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 88 (Biblical manuscript#Von Soden, von Soden), is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, dated Palaeography, palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is Lacuna (manuscripts), lacunose. Description The codex contains 194 parchment leaves (). The text is written in one column per page, and 23 lines per column. The codex contains the text of the four Gospels with major Lacuna (manuscripts), lacunae (Gospel of Matthew, Matt. 1:1-15:30, 25:33-26:3, Gospel of Mark, Mark 1:32-2:4, 15:44-16:14, Gospel of Luke, Luke 5:18-32, 6:8-22, 10:2-19, Gospel of John, John 9:30-10:25, 18:2-18, 20:12-25). The codex contains lists of the (lists of contents), numbers of the (''chapters'') at the margin, the (''titles'') at the top, the Ammonian Sections but not the Eusebian Canons. It has breathings and accents. Text The Greek text of this codex is a repr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Seidelianus I
Codex Seidelianus I, designated by siglum Ge or 011 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 87 ( von Soden), also known as Codex Wolfii A and Codex Harleianus is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 9th century (or 10th century). The codex contains 252 parchment leaves (). The manuscript is lacunose. Description The codex contains the text of the four Gospels with some lacunae (Matthew 1:1-6:6, 7:25-8:9, 8:23-9:2, 28:18-Mark 1:13, Mark 14:19-25, Luke 1:1-13, 5:4-7:3, 8:46-9:5, 12:27-41, 24:41-end, John 18:5-19, 19:4-27). The text is written in 2 columns per page, 21 lines per page. It was written in a coarse hand. The text is divided according to the Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are given at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons. It contains the (''titles of chapters''). It has breathings and accents, but often irregularly. Each member of the genealogy in Luke 3 forms a separate line. Some portions of these lacunae are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Boreelianus
Codex Boreelianus, ''Codex Boreelianus Rheno-Trajectinus'' (full name), designated by Fe or 09 in the Gregory-Aland numbering and ε 86 in von Soden numbering, is a 9th (or 10th) century uncial manuscript of the four Gospels in Greek. The manuscript, written on parchment, is full of lacunae (or gaps), many of which arose between 1751 and 1830. The codex was named Boreelianus after Johannes Boreel (1577–1629), who brought it from the East. The text of the codex represents the majority of the text (Byzantine text-type), but with numerous alien readings (non-Byzantine). Some of its readings do not occur in any other manuscript (so called singular readings). According to the present textual critics its text is not a very important manuscript, but it is quoted in all modern editions of the Greek New Testament. The manuscript was brought from the East at the beginning of the 17th century. It was in private hands for over 100 years. Since 1830 it has been housed at the Utrecht Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Basilensis A
The codex (plural codices ) was the historical ancestor of the modern book. Instead of being composed of sheets of paper, it used sheets of vellum, papyrus, or other materials. The term ''codex'' is often used for ancient manuscript books, with handwritten contents. A codex, much like the modern book, is bound by stacking the pages and securing one set of edges by a variety of methods over the centuries, yet in a form analogous to modern bookbinding. Modern books are divided into paperback or softback and those bound with stiff boards, called hardbacks. Elaborate historical bindings are called treasure bindings. At least in the Western world, the main alternative to the paged codex format for a long document was the continuous scroll, which was the dominant form of document in the ancient world. Some codices are continuously folded like a concertina, in particular the Maya codices and Aztec codices, which are actually long sheets of paper or animal skin folded into pages. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigiensis, designated by siglum D or 05 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 5 (in the von Soden of New Testament manuscript), is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of 3 John. A digital facsimile of the codex is available from Cambridge University Library, which holds the manuscript. Description The codex contains 406 extant parchment leaves, from perhaps an original 534 (26 x 21.5 cm), written one column per page with the Greek text on the left face and the Latin text on the right. The text is written colometrically and is full of hiatus. The Greek text of the codex has some copying errors, e.g., errors of metathesis: in , (''egeneto'') was changed into (''enegeto''); in , (''hypelaben'') into (''hypebalen''). The first three lines of each book are in red le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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