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White-fronted Surili
The white-fronted surili (''Presbytis frontata'') is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae, the Old World monkeys. It is endemic to the large international island of Borneo, in Indonesia, Malaysia, and possibly Brunei. Its body is mainly grey-brown, with a distinct white spot on the forehead. Its chin and lower cheeks are greyish. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Physical characteristics The white-fronted surili has a tall sagittal crest that leans forward. This species' dorsal body is mainly greyish brown and ventral side is yellowish brown in coloration, with a distinct white spot on the forehead. The tail is yellowish grey, with blackish coloration of hands, feet, brow, crown crest and cheeks. There is light colored frontal patch on the crown crest. This species has a sacculated stomach to assist in the breakdown of cellulose and also has enlarged salivary glands. The incisors are narrow and the molars ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salomon Müller
Salomon Müller (7 April 1804 – 29 December 1864) was a German naturalist. He was born in Heidelberg, and died in Freiburg im Breisgau. Müller was the son of a saddler in Heidelberg. Along with Heinrich Boie and Heinrich Christian Macklot, he was sent by Coenraad Jacob Temminck to collect specimens in the East Indies. Here, he worked as an assistant for the ''Natuurkundige Commissie'' (Commission for Natural Sciences), an organization that he eventually became a member of.Nationaal Herbarium Nederland (biography). Müller arrived in in 1826, then journeyed to |
Incisor
Incisors (from Latin ''incidere'', "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals. They are located in the premaxilla above and on the mandible below. Humans have a total of eight (two on each side, top and bottom). Opossums have 18, whereas armadillos have none. Structure Adult humans normally have eight incisors, two of each type. The types of incisor are: * maxillary central incisor (upper jaw, closest to the center of the lips) * maxillary lateral incisor (upper jaw, beside the maxillary central incisor) * mandibular central incisor (lower jaw, closest to the center of the lips) * mandibular lateral incisor (lower jaw, beside the mandibular central incisor) Children with a full set of deciduous teeth (primary teeth) also have eight incisors, named the same way as in permanent teeth. Young children may have from zero to eight incisors depending on the stage of their tooth eruption and tooth development. Typically, the mandibular central incisors erupt first, followed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic Fauna Of Borneo
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presbytis
The surilis are a group of Old World monkeys in the genus ''Presbytis''. They live in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, on Sumatra, Borneo, Java and smaller nearby islands. Besides surili, the common names for the monkeys in the genus also sometimes use the terms "langur" or "leaf monkey." Description Surilis are rather small, slimly built primates. Their fur at the top is brown, grey, black, or orange, and at the lower surface whitish or greyish, sometimes also orange, with some species having fur designs at the head or at the hips.Novak, R. M. (1999). ''Walker's Mammals of the World.'' 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. Rowe, N. (1996). ''The Pictorial Guide to the Living Primates.'' Pogonias Press, Rhode Island. Their German name of ''Mützenlanguren'' ("capped langurs") comes from the hair on their head, which forms a tuft. They differ from the other langurs by characteristics in the shape of their head (particularly the poorly developed or absent brow ridges, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulnerable Species
A vulnerable species is a species which has been Conservation status, categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened species, threatened with extinction unless the circumstances that are threatened species, threatening its survival and reproduction improve. Vulnerability is mainly caused by habitat loss or destruction of the species' home. Vulnerable habitat or species are monitored and can become increasingly threatened. Some species listed as "vulnerable" may be common in captivity (animal), captivity, an example being the military macaw. There are currently 5196 animals and 6789 plants classified as Vulnerable, compared with 1998 levels of 2815 and 3222, respectively. Practices such as cryoconservation of animal genetic resources have been enforced in efforts to conserve vulnerable breeds of livestock specifically. Criteria The International Union for Conservation of Nature uses several criteria to enter species in this category. A tax ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary
Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary is a large protected area on the island of Borneo in Sarawak, Malaysia. It is significant for orangutan conservation. Together with Batang Ai National Park these protected areas host an estimated 1,400 orangutans. Hunting and illegal logging are only minor problems in these areas, but could become serious if not monitored, especially because the areas are contiguous with Indonesia, where illegal logging is rampant.McConkey, K., Caldecott, J. and McManus, E. 2005. Malaysia. In Caldecott, J., Miles, L. (eds) 2005. World Atlas of Great Apes and their Conservatrion. Prepared by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. University of California Press, Berkeley, USA. Together with the Betung Kerihun National Park in Indonesia, it has been proposed to form a World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rajang River
The Rajang River ( ms, Batang Rajang) is a river in Sarawak, northwest Borneo, Malaysia. The river originates in the Iran Mountains, flows through Kapit, and then towards the South China Sea. At approximately , the river is the seventh-longest in Borneo and the longest in Malaysia.Rajang River Encyclopædia Britannica. URL assessed on 2 September 2012 Malaysia's largest and tallest (160m) hydro electric project, the Bakun Hydro Electric Dam, is located on the , a tributary of the Rajang. Other important tributaries include the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banjarmasin
) , translit_lang1 = Other , translit_lang1_type1 = Jawi , translit_lang1_info1 = بنجر ماسين , settlement_type = City , motto = ''Kayuh Baimbai'' ( Banjarese: 'Rowing Together') , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top: Banjarmasin seen from above, Soetji Nurani Chinese Temple, Banjarmasin watchtower, and Banjarmasin floating market. , image_flag = Flag of Banjarmasin City.png , image_shield = Lambang Kota Banjarmasin.gif , image_map = , mapsize = , map_caption = Interactive map outlining Banjarmasin , pushpin_map = Indonesia , pushpin_label_position = right , pushpin_map_caption = Location within Indonesia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Indonesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kayan River
The Kayan River is a river of Borneo island, flowing in the North Kalimantan province of Indonesia, about 1600 km northeast of the capital Jakarta. Tributaries include the Bahau River. Hydrology The Kayan River rises on Mount Ukeng, passing Tanjung Selor city and discharges into the Sulawesi Sea, with a total length about and a basin size of , forming a wide area at the upstream and narrower in the center until downstream. Uses Transportation For ages the Kayan River served as a main transportation route for the inhabitants of Malinau and Bulungan Regency to reach the inland region of Malinau Regency using traditional boats or out of the Bulungan Regency using speed boats, while at the downstream there are some river ports for passengers and goods, such as Port of Kayan and Port of Pesawan. Fishery and agriculture The people along the Kayan River utilize the water for agriculture and fishery, either by traditional fishing or netting, especially in the upstream ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barito River
The Barito River is the second longest river in Borneo after the Kapuas River with a total length of and with a drainage basin of in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. It originates in the Muller Mountain Range, from where it flows southward into the Java Sea. Its most important affluent is the Martapura River, and it passes through the city of Banjarmasin. This river is the location of the closest relative of the Malagasy language of Madagascar, the Ma'anyan language of Dayaks, from where settlers arrived in Madagascar (presumably in waves) from the 3rd to 10th century and from which the current island nation's population largely traces its origins. Geography The river flows in the southeast area of Borneo with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as ''Af'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification). The annual average temperature in the area is . The warmest month is October, when the average temperature is around , and the coldest is January, at . The aver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Group Size
Many animals, including humans, tend to live in groups, herds, flocks, bands, packs, shoals, or colonies (hereafter: groups) of conspecific individuals. The size of these groups, as expressed by the number of people/etc in a group such as eight groups of nine people in each one, is an important aspect of their social environment. Group size tend to be highly variable even within the same species, thus we often need statistical measures to quantify group size and statistical tests to compare these measures between two or more samples. Group size measures are notoriously hard to handle statistically since groups sizes typically follow an aggregated (right-skewed) distribution: most groups are small, few are large, and a very few are very large. Statistical measures of group size roughly fall into two categories. Outsiders' view of group size * Group size is the number of individuals within a group; * Mean group size, the arithmetic mean of group sizes averaged over groups; * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Folivorous
In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves. Mature leaves contain a high proportion of hard-to-digest cellulose, less energy than other types of foods, and often toxic compounds.Jones, S., Martin, R., & Pilbeam, D. (1994) ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press For this reason, folivorous animals tend to have long digestive tracts and slow metabolisms. Many enlist the help of symbiotic bacteria to release the nutrients in their diet. Additionally, as has been observed in folivorous primates, they exhibit a strong preference for immature leaves, which tend to be easier to masticate, tend to be higher in energy and protein, and lower in fibre and poisons than more mature fibrous leaves. Evolution Herbivory has evolved several times among different groups of animals. The first vertebrates were small fish that consumed protists and invertebrates. After these fish, the next group of vertebrates to evolve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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